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Satija S, Domnanich KA, Bence JA, Vyas CK, Abel EP, Kleinfeldt C, Essenmacher S, Kalman M, Walker W, Despotopulos JD, Scielzo ND, Shusterman JA, Severin GW. Harvesting 88Zr from heavy-ion beam irradiated tungsten at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 197:110831. [PMID: 37130469 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten is a commonly used material at many heavy-ion beam facilities, and it often becomes activated due to interactions with a beam. Many of the activation products are useful in basic and applied sciences if they can be recovered efficiently. In order to develop the radiochemistry for harvesting group (IV) elements from irradiated tungsten, a heavy-ion beam containing 88Zr was embedded into a stack of tungsten foils at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and a separation methodology was devised to recover the 88Zr. The foils were dissolved in 30% hydrogen peroxide, and the 88Zr was chemically purified from the tungsten matrix and from other co-implanted radionuclides (such as 85Sr and 88Y) using strong cation-exchange (AG MP-50) chromatographic resin in sulfuric acid media. The procedure provided 88Zr in approximately 60 mL 0.5 M sulfuric acid with no detectable radio-impurities. The overall recovery yield for 88Zr was (92.3 ± 1.2)%. This proof-of-concept experiment has facilitated the development of methodologies to harvest from tungsten and tungsten-alloy parts that are regularly irradiated at heavy-ion beam facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Satija
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Katharina A Domnanich
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jake A Bence
- Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Chirag K Vyas
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - E Paige Abel
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Chloe Kleinfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Scott Essenmacher
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Morgan Kalman
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Wesley Walker
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer A Shusterman
- Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Gregory W Severin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Bence JA, Satija S, Domnanich KA, Despotopulos JD, Abel EP, Clause HK, Essenmacher S, Kalman M, Kleinfeldt C, Kmak KN, Parsons-Davis T, Vyas CK, Walker W, Scielzo ND, Severin GW, Shusterman JA. Solid-phase isotope harvesting of 88Zr from a radioactive ion beam facility. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 189:110414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Domnanich KA, Severin GW. A Model for Radiolysis in a Flowing-Water Target during High-Intensity Proton Irradiation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:25860-25873. [PMID: 35910120 PMCID: PMC9330261 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
At the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), interactions between heavy-ion beams and beam-dump water will create a wide variety of radionuclides which can be accessed by a technique known as "isotope harvesting". However, irradiation of water is always accompanied by the creation of numerous radical, ionic, and molecular radiolysis products. Some of the radiolysis products have sufficiently long lifetimes to accumulate in the irradiated water and affect the harvesting chemistry. Here we investigate the formation of hydrogen peroxide, molecular hydrogen, and molecular oxygen during a high-intensity proton irradiation of a flowing-water isotope-harvesting target and compare the experimental results to simulations. The simulations kinetically model the chemical reactions occurring in the homogeneous phase of radiolysis in flowing water and establish an "effective yield". In both the experiment and simulations, the bulk quantities of H2, H2O2, and O2 are considerably lower than predicted by primary radiolysis yields (escape yields), meaning that in the high beam intensity regime the homogeneous phase reactions have a considerable impact on the overall chemical composition of the water. Further, it could be shown that for radiation which is characterized by a limited linear energy transfer, such as the here applied protons, the bulk outcome of the microscopic kinetic modeling could be estimated by a simplified steady-state model.
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Coenen HH, Ermert J. Expanding PET-applications in life sciences with positron-emitters beyond fluorine-18. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92:241-269. [PMID: 32900582 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Positron-emission-tomography (PET) has become an indispensable diagnostic tool in modern nuclear medicine. Its outstanding molecular imaging features allow repetitive studies on one individual and with high sensitivity, though no interference. Rather few positron-emitters with near favourable physical properties, i.e. carbon-11 and fluorine-18, furnished most studies in the beginning, preferably if covalently bound as isotopic label of small molecules. With the advancement of PET-devices the scope of in vivo research in life sciences and especially that of medical applications expanded, and other than "standard" PET-nuclides received increasing significance, like the radiometals copper-64 and gallium-68. Especially during the last decades, positron-emitters of other chemical elements have gotten into the focus of interest, concomitant with the technical advancements in imaging and radionuclide production. With known nuclear imaging properties and main production methods of emerging positron-emitters their usefulness for medical application is promising and even proven for several ones already. Unfortunate decay properties could be corrected for, and β+-emitters, especially with a longer half-life, provided new possibilities for application where slower processes are of importance. Further on, (bio)chemical features of positron-emitters of other elements, among there many metals, not only expanded the field of classical clinical investigations, but also opened up new fields of application. Appropriately labelled peptides, proteins and nanoparticles lend itself as newer probes for PET-imaging, e.g. in theragnostic or PET/MR hybrid imaging. Furthermore, the potential of non-destructive in-vivo imaging with positron-emission-tomography directs the view on further areas of life sciences. Thus, exploiting the excellent methodology for basic research on molecular biochemical functions and processes is increasingly encouraged as well in areas outside of health, such as plant and environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz H Coenen
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5, Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5, Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Abel EP, Domnanich K, Clause HK, Kalman C, Walker W, Shusterman JA, Greene J, Gott M, Severin GW. Production, Collection, and Purification of 47Ca for the Generation of 47Sc through Isotope Harvesting at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:27864-27872. [PMID: 33163769 PMCID: PMC7643120 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was performed at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory using a 140 MeV/nucleon 48Ca beam and a flowing-water target to produce 47Ca for the first time with this production route. A production rate of 0.020 ± 0.004 47Ca nuclei per incoming beam particle was measured. An isotope harvesting system attached to the target was used to collect radioactive cationic products, including 47Ca, from the water on a cation-exchange resin. The 47Ca collected was purified using three separation methods optimized for this work: (1) DGA extraction chromatography resin with HNO3 and HCl, (2) AG MP-50 cation-exchange resin with an increasing concentration gradient of HCl, and (3) AG MP-50 cation-exchange resin with a methanolic HCl gradient. These methods resulted in ≥99 ± 2% separation yield of 47Ca with 100% radionuclidic purity within the limits of detection for HPGe measurements. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to identify low levels of stable ions in the water of the isotope harvesting system during the irradiation and in the final purified solution of 47Ca. For the first time, this experiment demonstrated the feasibility of the production, collection, and purification of 47Ca through isotope harvesting for the generation of 47Sc for nuclear medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Paige Abel
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- National
Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Katharina Domnanich
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- National
Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Hannah K. Clause
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- National
Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Colton Kalman
- National
Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Wes Walker
- National
Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Shusterman
- Department
of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City
University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.
D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center
of the City of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - John Greene
- Physics
Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Matthew Gott
- Physics
Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gregory W. Severin
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- National
Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Abel EP, Clause HK, Severin GW. Radiolysis and radionuclide production in a flowing-water target during fast 40Ca 20+ irradiation. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 158:109049. [PMID: 32174374 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A flowing-water target was irradiated with a 140 MeV/u, 8 nA 40Ca20+ beam to test the feasibility of isotope harvesting at the upcoming Facility for Rare Isotope Beams. Among other radionuclides, 2.6(2)E-6 48Cr and 5.6(5)E-6 28 Mg nuclei were formed for every impingent 40Ca and were collected through ion exchange. Radiolysis-induced molecular hydrogen evolved from the target at an initial rate of 0.91(9) H2 molecules per 100 eV of beam energy deposited. No radiation-accelerated corrosion of the target material was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Paige Abel
- Department of Chemistry, Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Hannah K Clause
- Department of Chemistry, Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gregory W Severin
- Department of Chemistry, Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Loveless CS, Marois BE, Ferran SJ, Wilkinson JT, Sutherlin L, Severin G, Shusterman JA, Scielzo ND, Stoyer MA, Morrissey DJ, Robertson JD, Peaslee GF, Lapi SE. Harvesting 48V at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 157:109023. [PMID: 32063336 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.109023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As part of an effort to develop aqueous isotope harvesting techniques at radioactive beam facilities, 48V and a cocktail of primary- and secondary-beam ions created by the fragmentation reaction of a 160 MeV/nucleon 58Ni beam were stopped in an aqueous target cell. After collection, 48V was separated from the mixture of beam ions using cation-exchange chromatography. The extraction efficiency from the aqueous solution was (47.0 ± 2.5)%, and the isolated 48V had a radiochemical purity of 95.8%. This proof-of-concept work shows that aqueous isotope harvesting could provide significant quantities of rare isotopes which are currently unavailable at conventional facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shaun Loveless
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA; Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63134, USA
| | - Boone E Marois
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI, 49423, USA
| | - Samuel J Ferran
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - John T Wilkinson
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Logan Sutherlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Gregory Severin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jennifer A Shusterman
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nicholas D Scielzo
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Mark A Stoyer
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - David J Morrissey
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - J David Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Graham F Peaslee
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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Domnanich KA, Vyas CK, Abel EP, Kalman C, Walker W, Severin GW. Harvesting 62Zn from an aqueous cocktail at the NSCL. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04411c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The radionuclide 62Zn was obtained by “isotope harvesting” and separated from other co-produced species. The principle of a medical radionuclide generator was demonstrated by isolating pure 62Cu, which is generated by the decay of its parent 62Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina A. Domnanich
- Department of Chemistry
- Michigan State University
- East Lansing
- USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory
| | - Chirag K. Vyas
- Department of Chemistry
- Michigan State University
- East Lansing
- USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory
| | - E. Paige Abel
- Department of Chemistry
- Michigan State University
- East Lansing
- USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory
| | - Colton Kalman
- Department of Chemistry
- Michigan State University
- East Lansing
- USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory
| | - Wesley Walker
- Department of Chemistry
- Michigan State University
- East Lansing
- USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory
| | - Gregory W. Severin
- Department of Chemistry
- Michigan State University
- East Lansing
- USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory
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Souliotis GA, Rodrigues MRD, Wang K, Iacob VE, Nica N, Roeder B, Tabacaru G, Yu M, Zanotti-Fregonara P, Bonasera A. A novel approach to medical radioisotope production using inverse kinematics: A successful production test of the theranostic radionuclide 67Cu. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 149:89-95. [PMID: 31035108 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the production of important medical radioisotopes has been developed. The approach is based on performing the nuclear reaction in inverse kinematics, namely sending a heavy-ion beam of appropriate energy on a light target (e.g. H, d, He) and collecting the isotope of interest. In this work, as a proof-of-concept, we studied the production of the theranostic radionuclide 67Cu (T1/2 = 62 h) via the reaction of a 70Zn beam at 15 MeV/nucleon with a hydrogen gas target. The 67Cu radionuclide alongside other coproduced isotopes, was collected after the gas target on an aluminum catcher foil and their radioactivity was measured by off-line γ-ray analysis. After 36 h post irradiation, apart from the product of interest 67Cu, the main radioimpurity coming from the 70Zn + p reaction was 69mZn (T1/2 = 13.8 h), which can be reduced by further radio-cooling. Moreover, along with the radionuclide of interest produced in inverse kinematics, the production of additional radioisotopes is possible by making use of the forward-focused neutrons from the reaction and allowing them to interact with a secondary target. A preliminary successful test of this concept was realized in the present study. The main requirement to obtain activities appropriate for preclinical studies is the development of high-intensity heavy-ion primary beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Souliotis
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece.
| | - M R D Rodrigues
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - K Wang
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - V E Iacob
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - N Nica
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - B Roeder
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - G Tabacaru
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - M Yu
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - A Bonasera
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN, Catania, 95123, Italy
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The surprisingly large neutron capture cross-section of 88Zr. Nature 2019; 565:328-330. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0838-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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67Cu-Radiolabeling of a multimeric RGD peptide for αVβ3 integrin-targeted radionuclide therapy. Nucl Med Commun 2017; 38:347-355. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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