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Yu D, Zi M, Dou Y, Tashpulatov K, Zeng JB, Wen CY. An Fe 3O 4-Au heterodimer nanoparticle-based lateral flow assay for rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple influenza virus nucleic acids. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 39145405 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay01010h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Sensitive, convenient and rapid detection and subtyping of influenza viruses are crucial for timely treatment and management of infected people. Compared with antigen detection, nucleic acid detection has higher specificity and can shorten the detection window. Hence, in this work, we improved the lateral flow assay (LFA, one of the most promising user-friendly and on-site methods) to achieve detection and subtyping of H1N1, H3N2 and H9N2 influenza virus nucleic acids. Firstly, the antigen-antibody recognition mode was transformed into a nucleic acid hybridization reaction. Secondly, Fe3O4-Au heterodimer nanoparticles were prepared to replace frequently used Au nanoparticles to obtain better coloration. Thirdly, four lines were arranged on the LFA strip, which were three test (T) lines and one control (C) line. Three T lines were respectively sprayed by the DNA sequences complementary to one end of H1N1, H3N2 and H9N2 influenza virus nucleic acids, while Fe3O4-Au nanoparticles were respectively coupled with the DNA sequences complementary to the other end of H1N1, H3N2 and H9N2 nucleic acids to construct three kinds of probes. The C line was sprayed by the complementary sequences to the DNAs on all three kinds of probes. In the detection, by hybridization reaction, the probes were combined with their target nucleic acids which were captured by the corresponding T lines to form color bands. Finally, according to the position of the color bands and their grey intensity, simultaneous qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of the three influenza virus nucleic acids was realized. The detection results showed that this multi-channel LFA had good specificity, and there was no significant cross reactivity among the three subtypes of influenza viruses. The simultaneous detection achieved comparable detection limits with individual detections. Therefore, this multi-channel LFA had good application potential for sensitive and rapid detection and subtyping of influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, P. R. China.
| | - Min Zi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Dou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, P. R. China.
| | | | - Jing-Bin Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, P. R. China.
| | - Cong-Ying Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, P. R. China.
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2
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Drozd M, Kobylska E, Żmieńko M, Chudy M. Sensitive and label-free SPR biosensing platforms for high-throughput screening of plasma membrane receptors interactions with insulin-like targets of hypoglycaemic activity. Talanta 2024; 274:125914. [PMID: 38537356 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Progress in medical sciences aims for tailored therapy of civilization diseases like diabetes. Preclinical screening of new medicines superior to insulin should include the verification of their affinity to the membrane receptors naturally stimulated by this hormone: insulin receptor isoforms A and B and insulin-like growth factor receptor. Considering that the affinity constants obtained using different experimental conditions are incomparable, it is essential to develop a robust and reliable method to analyze these interactions. The versatile SPR platform developed in this study enables the evaluation of the bioactivity of hypoglycaemic molecules. Thanks to the comprehensive characterization of miscellaneous aspects of the analytical platform, including the design of the SPR biosensor receptor layer, ensuring interaction specificity, as well as the quality control of the standards used (human insulin, HI; long-acting insulin analog: glargine, Gla), the feasibility of the method of equilibrium and kinetic constants determination for insulin-like targets was confirmed. SPR assays constructed in the direct format using IR-A, IR-B, and IGF1-R receptor proteins show high sensitivities and low detection limits towards insulin and glargine detection in the range of 18.3-53.3 nM with no signs of mass transport limitations. The improved analytical performance and stability of SPR biosensors favor the acquisition of good-quality kinetic data, while preservation of receptors activity after binding to long-chain carboxymethyldextran, combined with spontaneous regeneration, results in stability and long shelf life of the biosensor, which makes it useful for label-free insulin analogs biosensing and thus extensive screening in diabetic drugs discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Drozd
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland; Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Poleczki 19, 02-822, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kobylska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland; Łukasiewicz - Industrial Chemistry Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Żmieńko
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Chudy
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland.
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Suehiro F, Hata Y, Sawada T, Serizawa T. Freeze-Dryable, Stable, and Click-Reactive Nanoparticles Composed of Cello-oligosaccharides for Biomolecular Sensing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4007-4016. [PMID: 38739554 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been widely used as platforms for biomolecular sensing because of their high specific surface area and attractive properties depending on their constituents and structures. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to develop nanoparticulate sensing platforms that are easily storable without aggregation and conjugatable with various ligands in a simple manner. Herein, we demonstrate that nanoparticulate assemblies of cello-oligosaccharides with terminal azido groups are promising candidates. Azidated cello-oligosaccharides can be readily synthesized via the enzyme-catalyzed oligomerization reaction. This study characterized the assembled structures of azidated cello-oligosaccharides produced during the enzymatic synthesis and revealed that the terminal azidated cello-oligosaccharides formed rectangular nanosheet-shaped lamellar crystals. The azido groups located on the nanosheet surfaces were successfully exploited for antigen conjugation via the click chemistry. The resultant antigen-conjugated nanosheets allowed for the quantitative and specific detection of a corresponding antibody, even in 10% serum, owing to the antifouling properties of cello-oligosaccharide assemblies against proteins. It was found that the functionalized nanosheets were redispersible in water after freeze-drying. This remarkable characteristic is attributed to the well-hydrated saccharide residues on the nanosheet surfaces. Moreover, the antibody detection capability did not decline after the thermal treatment of the functionalized nanosheets in a freeze-dried state. Our findings contribute to developing convenient nanoparticulate biomolecular sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Suehiro
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yuuki Hata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sawada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Takeshi Serizawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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Malik S, Asghar M, Waheed Y. Outlining recent updates on influenza therapeutics and vaccines: A comprehensive review. Vaccine X 2024; 17:100452. [PMID: 38328274 PMCID: PMC10848012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus has presented a considerable healthcare challenge during the past years, particularly in vulnerable groups with compromised immune systems. Therapeutics and vaccination have always been in research annals since the spread of influenza. Efforts have been going on to develop an antiviral therapeutic approach that could assist in better disease management and reduce the overall disease complexity, resistance development, and fatality rates. On the other hand, vaccination presents a chance for effective, long-term, cost-benefit, and preventive response against the morbidity and mortality associated with the influenza. However, the issues of resistance development, strain mutation, antigenic variability, and inability to cure wide-spectrum and large-scale strains of the virus by available vaccines remain there. The article gathers the updated data for the therapeutics and available influenza vaccines, their mechanism of action, shortcomings, and trials under clinical experimentation. A methodological approach has been adopted to identify the prospective therapeutics and available vaccines approved and within the clinical trials against the influenza virus. Review contains influenza therapeutics, including traditional and novel antiviral drugs and inhibitor therapies against influenza virus as well as research trials based on newer drug combinations and latest technologies such as nanotechnology and organic and plant-based natural products. Most recent development of influenza vaccine has been discussed including some updates on traditional vaccination protocols and discussion on next-generation and upgraded novel technologies. This review will help the readers to understand the righteous approach for dealing with influenza virus infection and for deducing futuristic approaches for novel therapeutic and vaccine trials against Influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiza Malik
- Bridging Health Foundation, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sweden
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (ORIC), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1401, Lebanon
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5
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Liu W, Yao Y, Liu Q, Chen XQ. Au/Pt@ZIF-90 Nanoenzyme Capsule-Based "Explosive" Signal Amplifier for "All-in-Tube" POCT. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1362-1370. [PMID: 38198653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The sensitive, convenient, and visual detection of low-concentration disease markers in biological samples has always been a priority in disease diagnosis. However, existing research has been problematic due to complex operation and unsatisfactory sensitivity. Consequently, an "explosive" signal amplification platform based on Au/Pt@ZIF-90 was developed for sensitive visual detection of disease markers. In this study, a controllable and explosively released Au/Pt nanoparticles (NPs) "nanoenzyme capsule" was prepared by encapsulating Au/Pt NPs with excellent peroxidase activity in ZIF-90. This was achieved by adjusting the particle size of ZIF-90 and the encapsulation amount of Au/Pt NPs. Using the prepared capsules as the signal output module and aptamer as the target recognition module, an "All-in-Tube" portable point-of-care (POC) platform was constructed by integrating the Au/Pt@ZIF-90/filter paper and TMB/strips into an Eppendorf (EP) tube. By utilizing specific competitive binding of targets to aptamers, the platform enabled the sensitive and convenient measurement of small molecular disease markers. Taking adenosine as the proof of concept, the portable detection achieved excellent sensitivity. Moreover, the platform can achieve universal detection of various targets by varying the aptamer sequence. This signal amplification strategy provides a design pattern for the detection of low-concentration targets in biological samples and holds significant potential in the fields of disease diagnosis and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yao Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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6
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Wang Z, Wei P. Shifting the paradigm in RNA virus detection: integrating nucleic acid testing and immunoassays through single-molecule digital ELISA. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1331981. [PMID: 38235132 PMCID: PMC10791976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1331981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review article, we explore the characteristics of RNA viruses and their potential threats to humanity. We also provide a brief overview of the primary contemporary techniques used for the early detection of such viruses. After thoroughly analyzing the strengths and limitations of these methods, we highlight the importance of integrating nucleic acid testing with immunological assays in RNA virus detection. Although notable methodological differences between nucleic acid testing and immune assays pose challenges, the emerging single-molecule immunoassay-digital ELISA may be applied to technically integrate these techniques. We emphasize that the greatest value of digital ELISA is its extensive compatibility, which creates numerous opportunities for real-time, large-scale testing of RNA viruses. Furthermore, we describe the possible developmental trends of digital ELISA in various aspects, such as reaction carriers, identification elements, signal amplification, and data reading, thus revealing the remarkable potential of single-molecule digital ELISA in future RNA virus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei Wei
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
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Shan X, Gong F, Yang Y, Qian J, Tan Z, Tian S, He Z, Ji X. Nucleic Acid Amplification-Free Digital Detection Method for SARS-CoV-2 RNA Based on Droplet Microfluidics and CRISPR-Cas13a. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16489-16495. [PMID: 37910547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Most of the methods currently developed for RNA detection based on CRISPR were combined with nucleic acid amplification. As a result, such methods inevitably led to certain disadvantages such as multiple operations, expensive reagents, and amplification bias. To solve the above problems, we developed a highly sensitive and specific nucleic acid amplification-free digital detection method for SARS-CoV-2 RNA based on droplet microfluidics and CRISPR-Cas13a. In this assay, thousands of monodisperse droplets with a size of 30 μm were generated within 2 min by a negative pressure-driven microfluidic chip. By confining a single target RNA recognition event to an independent droplet, the collateral cleavage products of activated Cas13a could be accumulated in one droplet. By combining the droplet microfluidics and CRISPR-Cas13a, SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be easily detected within 30 min with a detection limit of 470 aM. The performance of this assay was verified by specificity experiments and spiking and recovery experiments with human saliva. Compared with many developed methods for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection, our method is time- and reagent-saving and easy to operate. Taken together, this digital detection method based on droplet microfluidics and CRISPR-Cas13a provides a promising approach for RNA detection in clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Shan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng Gong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yixia Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jingjing Qian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiyou Tan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Songbai Tian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhike He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinghu Ji
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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8
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Baurand PE, Balland J, Galli E, Eklin S, Bruley R, Ringenbach L. New Anti-RSV Nucleoprotein Monoclonal Antibody Pairs Discovered Using Rabbit Phage Display Technology. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:73. [PMID: 37987251 PMCID: PMC10660478 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is one of the major contagious viruses and causes complicated respiratory issues, especially in young children. The sensitive and fast detection of hRSV is critical for taking the most effective actions. In the present study, rabbit antibodies against the hRSV nucleoprotein (NP) were developed using phage display technology. A female rabbit was immunized with an hRSV strain A2 recombinant NP. A Fab library was built and sorted during two successive panning rounds for strain B and the A2 NP (recombinant preparations), respectively. The choice of candidates was performed using ELISA on the two NP strains. The obtained library was 3 × 106 cfu/mL, with an insertion rate of >95%. The two panning rounds permitted an enrichment factor of 100. ELISA screening allowed us to obtain 28 NP-specific Fab candidates. Among them, 10 retained candidates were reformatted into rabbit full IgG; thereafter, pairing tests on the recombinant strains and native lysate samples were performed. After the pairing tests on the recombinant strains, 53 pairs were identified. Eleven pairs were identified as being able to detect RSVs from native lysates. This work presents new high-potential monoclonal antibodies mAbs (mAbs), which would benefit from lateral flow testing data with patient materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Baurand
- Diaclone SAS—Part of Medix Biochemica Group, 6 Rue Dr Jean-François-Xavier Girod, BP 1985, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Jérémy Balland
- Diaclone SAS—Part of Medix Biochemica Group, 6 Rue Dr Jean-François-Xavier Girod, BP 1985, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Emilia Galli
- Medix Biochemica Group, Headquarter, Klovinpellontie 3, FI-02180 Espoo, Finland
| | - Suvi Eklin
- Medix Biochemica Group, Headquarter, Klovinpellontie 3, FI-02180 Espoo, Finland
| | - Rémy Bruley
- Diaclone SAS—Part of Medix Biochemica Group, 6 Rue Dr Jean-François-Xavier Girod, BP 1985, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Laurence Ringenbach
- Diaclone SAS—Part of Medix Biochemica Group, 6 Rue Dr Jean-François-Xavier Girod, BP 1985, 25000 Besançon, France
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9
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Hasegawa T, Shibayama S, Osumi Y, Kato M. Optimizing virus inactivation methods for molecular detection techniques: Implications for viral protein and RNA measurements. J Virol Methods 2023; 321:114801. [PMID: 37625621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate the development of effective viral detection techniques, a positive control material is required for validating their quantitative performance. Inactivated viruses serve as viable control materials, as they can be handled without the constraints of biohazard safety facilities. However, inactivation alters the structure of viral component molecules, necessitating the selection of inactivation methods that have minimal effects on the target molecules relevant to molecular detection techniques. Only a limited number of studies have investigated inactivation methods to produce viral control materials. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate various virus inactivation methods and evaluate their impact on molecular detection techniques, with a specific focus on viral proteins and RNA. We evaluated the effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, heat, beta-propiolactone (BPL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and perchloric acid (HClO4) inactivation methods to identify the most effective technique and its optimal conditions. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-dPCR) were employed as model assays to assess the effects of these treatments on protein and RNA measurements. Among the evaluated methods, UV and heat treatments demonstrated minimal interference with ELISA, while heat treatment had the least impact on RT-dPCR measurements. Consequently, our findings revealed that heat inactivation holds the potential for producing inactivated viruses that can be effectively used in molecular detection techniques targeting both viral protein and RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takema Hasegawa
- Bio-medical standard group, Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Sachie Shibayama
- Bio-medical standard group, Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukiko Osumi
- Bio-medical standard group, Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Megumi Kato
- Bio-medical standard group, Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Ren M, Dong Y, Wang J, Lin J, Qu L, Zhou Y, Chen Y. Computer vision-assisted smartphone microscope imaging digital immunosensor based on click chemistry-mediated microsphere counting technology for the detection of aflatoxin B 1 in peanuts. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341687. [PMID: 37709427 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is a carcinogenic contaminant in food or feed, and it poses a serious health risk to humans. Herein, a computer vision-assisted smartphone microscope imaging digital (SMID) immunosensor based on the click chemistry-mediated microsphere counting technology was designed for the detection of aflatoxin B1 in peanuts. In this SMID immunosensor, the modified polystyrene (PS) microspheres were used as the signal probes and were recorded by a smartphone microscopic imaging system after immunoreaction and click chemistry reaction. The number of PS probes is adjusted by aflatoxin B1. The customized computer vision procedure was used to efficiently identify and count the obtained PS probes. This SMID immunosensor enables sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 with a linear range from 0.001 ng/mL to 500 ng/mL, providing a simple, sensitive, and portable tool for food safety supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yongzhen Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianhan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lijie Qu
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food of Hebei Province, Hebei North University, No. 11 South Diamond Road, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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11
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Lee UJ, Oh Y, Kwon OS, Shin YB, Kim M. Highly Sensitive and Specific Detection of Influenza A Viruses Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) Reporter System. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:782. [PMID: 37622868 PMCID: PMC10452828 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a highly sensitive and specific bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC)-based influenza A virus (IAV)-sensing system by combining a galactose/glucose-binding protein (GGBP) with an N-terminal large domain (YN1-172) and a C-terminal small domain (YC173-239) made up of enhanced yellow fluorescence protein (eYFP). The GGBP-based BiFC reporter exhibits the fluorescence reconstitution as a result of conformational changes in GGBP when lactose, which was derived from 6'-silalyllactose and used as a substrate for neuraminidase (NA), binds to GGBP in the presence of IAV. The system showed a linear dynamic range extending from 1 × 100 to 1 × 107 TCID50/mL, and it had a detection limit of 1.1 × 100 TCID50/mL for IAV (H1N1), demonstrating ultra-high sensitivity. Our system exhibited fluorescence intensity enhancements in the presence of IAV, while it displayed weak fluorescence signals when exposed to NA-deficient viruses, such as RSV A, RSV B, adenovirus and rhinovirus, thereby indicating selective responses for IAV detection. Overall, our system provides a simple, highly sensitive and specific IAV detection platform based on BiFC that is capable of detecting ligand-induced protein conformational changes, obviating the need for virus culture or RNA extraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ui Jin Lee
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahang-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (U.J.L.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yunkwang Oh
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahang-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (U.J.L.); (Y.O.)
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Shin
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
- BioNano Health Guard Research Center (H-GUARD), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonil Kim
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahang-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (U.J.L.); (Y.O.)
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
- KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Yasuura M, Tan ZL, Horiguchi Y, Ashiba H, Fukuda T. Improvement of Sensitivity and Speed of Virus Sensing Technologies Using nm- and μm-Scale Components. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6830. [PMID: 37571612 PMCID: PMC10422600 DOI: 10.3390/s23156830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Various viral diseases can be widespread and cause severe disruption to global society. Highly sensitive virus detection methods are needed to take effective measures to prevent the spread of viral infection. This required the development of rapid virus detection technology to detect viruses at low concentrations, even in the biological fluid of patients in the early stages of the disease or environmental samples. This review describes an overview of various virus detection technologies and then refers to typical technologies such as beads-based assay, digital assay, and pore-based sensing, which are the three modern approaches to improve the performance of viral sensing in terms of speed and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yasuura
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan; (Z.L.T.); (Y.H.); (H.A.); (T.F.)
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13
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Ning S, Chang HC, Fan KC, Hsiao PY, Feng C, Shoemaker D, Chen RT. A point-of-care biosensor for rapid detection and differentiation of COVID-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus using subwavelength grating micro-ring resonator. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 10:021410. [PMID: 37265478 PMCID: PMC10228026 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the context of continued spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of new variants, the demand for rapid, accurate, and frequent detection is increasing. Moreover, the new predominant strain, Omicron variant, manifests more similar clinical features to those of other common respiratory infections. The concurrent detection of multiple potential pathogens helps distinguish SARS-CoV-2 infection from other diseases with overlapping symptoms, which is significant for providing tailored treatment to patients and containing the outbreak. Here, we report a lab-on-a-chip biosensing platform for SARS-CoV-2 detection based on the subwavelength grating micro-ring resonator. The sensing surface is functionalized by specific antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which could produce redshifts of resonant peaks by antigen-antibody combination, thus achieving quantitative detection. Additionally, the sensor chip is integrated with a microfluidic chip featuring an anti-backflow Y-shaped structure that enables the concurrent detection of two analytes. In this study, we realized the detection and differentiation of COVID-19 and influenza A H1N1. Experimental results indicate that the limit of detection of our device reaches 100 fg/ml (1.31 fM) within 15 min detecting time, and cross-reactivity tests manifest the specificity of the optical diagnostic assay. Furthermore, the integrated packaging and streamlined workflow facilitate its use for clinical applications. Thus, the biosensing platform presents a promising approach for attaining highly sensitive, selective, multiplexed, and quantitative point-of-care diagnosis and distinction between COVID-19 and influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Ning
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Hao-Chen Chang
- Omega Optics, Inc., 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Texas 78757, USA
| | - Kang-Chieh Fan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Po-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Chenghao Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Devan Shoemaker
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Ray T. Chen
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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14
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Abstract
This paper reviews methods for detecting proteins based on molecular digitization, i.e., the isolation and detection of single protein molecules or singulated ensembles of protein molecules. The single molecule resolution of these methods has resulted in significant improvements in the sensitivity of immunoassays beyond what was possible using traditional "analog" methods: the sensitivity of some digital immunoassays approach those of methods for measuring nucleic acids, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The greater sensitivity of digital protein detection has resulted in immuno-diagnostics with high potential societal impact, e.g., the early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of Alzheimer's Disease. In this review, we will first provide the motivation for developing digital protein detection methods given the limitations in the sensitivity of analog methods. We will describe the paradigm shift catalyzed by single molecule detection, and will describe in detail one digital approach - which we call digital bead assays (DBA) - based on the capture and labeling of proteins on beads, identifying "on" and "off" beads, and quantification using Poisson statistics. DBA based on the single molecule array (Simoa) technology have sensitivities down to attomolar concentrations, equating to ∼10 proteins in a 200 μL sample. We will describe the concept behind DBA, the different single molecule labels used, the ways of analyzing beads (imaging of arrays and flow), the binding reagents and substrates used, and integration of these technologies into fully automated and miniaturized systems. We provide an overview of emerging approaches to digital protein detection, including those based on digital detection of nucleic acids labels, single nanoparticle detection, measurements using nanopores, and methods that exploit the kinetics of single molecule binding. We outline the initial impact of digital protein detection on clinical measurements, highlighting the importance of customized assay development and translational clinical research. We highlight the use of DBA in the measurement of neurological protein biomarkers in blood, and how these higher sensitivity methods are changing the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases. We conclude by summarizing the status of digital protein detection and suggest how the lab-on-a-chip community might drive future innovations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Duffy
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA.
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15
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Hasegawa T, Shibayama S, Osumi Y, Sentsui H, Kato M. Quantitative performance of digital ELISA for the highly sensitive quantification of viral proteins and influenza virus. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1897-1904. [PMID: 36820912 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
A single-molecule assay (SiMoA) using a digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been attracting attention as a promising method that can detect viruses with ultra-high sensitivity. However, the quantitative application of digital ELISA has not been adequately reported. Therefore, in this study, we first evaluated the linearity and sensitivity of digital ELISA using a Certified Reference Material of C-reactive protein (NMIJ CRM 6201-c) as a quality control material. Next, we originally screened those antibody pair that are suitable for detecting recombinant viral proteins of influenza A virus, nucleoprotein (NP), and hemagglutinin (HA), and established the measurement system. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) of NP and HA was 0.59 fM and 0.99 fM, and the coefficient of determination, R2, was 0.9998 and 0.9979, respectively. Two subtypes of influenza virus, A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) [PR8] and A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2) [Pan99], were also quantified under established conditions, and the LOD of PR8 was 3.1 × 102 PFU/mL on targeting NP and 7.4 × 102 PFU/mL on targeting HA. The LOD of Pan99 was 5.3 × 102 PFU/mL on targeting NP. The specificity and robustness of the recombinant viral protein and influenza virus measurements using digital ELISA were also evaluated. Our measurement system showed enough specificity to discriminate the viral subtypes properly and showed sufficient inter- and intra-assay variations for both measurements of recombinant viral proteins and viruses, except for NP-targeting virus measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takema Hasegawa
- Bio-Medical Standard Group, Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Sachie Shibayama
- Bio-Medical Standard Group, Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukiko Osumi
- Bio-Medical Standard Group, Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sentsui
- Sensing System Research Center (SSRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Megumi Kato
- Bio-Medical Standard Group, Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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16
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Tetrahedral DNA framework assisted rotational paper-based analytical device for differential detection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A H1N1 virus. Microchem J 2023; 185:108304. [PMID: 36531593 PMCID: PMC9737512 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza A are two respiratory infectious diseases with similar clinical manifestations. Because of the complex global epidemic situation of COVID-19, the distinction and diagnosis of COVID-19 and influenza A infected persons is crucial for epidemic prevention and control. In this study, tetrahedral DNA framework (TDF) was combined with a rotational paper-based analytical device, and the color change generated by the reaction between horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and 3,3'5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-H2O2 was used for grayscale signal analysis by ImageJ software. The quantitative detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A H1N1 virus were realized simultaneously. Under the optimal conditions, the paper-based analytical device showed a good linear relationship between the two viruses in the range of 10-14-10-8g/mL, and the two viruses were not affected by cross reaction. This sensor provides a convenient and reliable method for clinical rapid differentiation and diagnosis of COVID-19 and influenza A.
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17
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Rutten I, Daems D, Leirs K, Lammertyn J. Highly Sensitive Multiplex Detection of Molecular Biomarkers Using Hybridization Chain Reaction in an Encoded Particle Microfluidic Platform. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:100. [PMID: 36671935 PMCID: PMC9856145 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the continuous combat against diseases, there is the need for tools that enable an improved diagnostic efficiency towards higher information density combined with reduced time-to-result and cost. Here, a novel fully integrated microfluidic platform, the Evalution™, is evaluated as a potential solution to this need. Encoded microparticles combined with channel-based microfluidics allow a fast, sensitive and simultaneous detection of several disease-related biomarkers. Since the binary code is represented by physically present holes, 210 different codes can be created that will not be altered by light or chemically induced degradation. Exploiting the unique features of this multiplex platform, hybridization chain reaction (HCR) is explored as a generic approach to reach the desired sensitivity. Compared to a non-amplified reference system, the sensitivity was drastically improved by a factor of 104, down to low fM LOD values. Depending on the HCR duration, the assay can be tuned for sensitivity or total assay time, as desired. The huge potential of this strategy was further demonstrated by the successful detection of a multiplex panel of six different nucleic acid targets including viruses and bacteria. The ability to not only discriminate these two categories but, with the same effort, also virus strains (human adenovirus and human bocavirus), virus subtypes (human adenovirus type B and D) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (Streptococcus pneumonia), exemplifies the specificity of the developed approach. The effective, yet highly simplified, isothermal and protein-enzyme-free signal amplification tool reaches an LOD ranging from as low as 33 ± 4 to 151 ± 12 fM for the different targets. Moreover, direct detection in a clinically relevant sample matrix was verified, resulting in a detection limit of 309 ± 80 fM, approximating the low fM levels detectable with the gold standard analysis method, PCR, without the drawbacks related to protein enzymes, thermal cycling and elaborate sample preparation steps. The reported strategy can be directly transferred as a generic approach for the sensitive and specific detection of various target molecules in multiplex. In combination with the high-throughput capacity and reduced reagent consumption, the Evalution™ demonstrates immense potential in the next generation of diagnostic tools towards more personalized medicine.
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18
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Shim JE, Kim YJ, Choe JH, Lee TG, You EA. Single-Nanoparticle-Based Digital SERS Sensing Platform for the Accurate Quantitative Detection of SARS-CoV-2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38459-38470. [PMID: 35951983 PMCID: PMC9396967 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To prevent the ongoing spread of the highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), accurate and early detection based on a rapid, ultrasensitive, and highly reliable sensing method is crucially important. Here, we present a bumpy core-shell surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanoprobe-based sensing platform with single-nanoparticle (SNP)-based digital SERS analysis. The tailorable bumpy core-shell SERS nanoprobe with an internal self-assembled monolayer of 4-nitrobenzenethiol Raman reporters, synthesized using HEPES biological buffer, generates a strong, uniform, and reproducible SERS signal with an SNP-level sensitive and narrowly distributed enhancement factor (2.1 × 108 to 2.2 × 109). We also propose an SNP-based digital SERS analysis method that provides direct visualization of SNP detection at ultralow concentrations and reliable quantification over a wide range of concentrations. The bumpy core-shell SERS nanoprobe-based sensing platform with SNP-based digital SERS analysis achieves the ultrasensitive and quantitative detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with a limit of detection of 7.1 × 10-16 M over a wide dynamic range from 3.7 × 10-15 to 3.7 × 10-8 M, far outperforming the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for the target protein. Furthermore, it can detect mutated spike proteins from the SARS-CoV-2 variants, representing the key mutations of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants. Therefore, this sensing platform can be effectively and efficiently used for the accurate and early detection of SARS-CoV-2 and be adapted for the ultrasensitive and reliable detection of other highly infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Eul Shim
- Nanobiosensor
Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards
and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Nanobiosensor
Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards
and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Choe
- Department
of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Nanobiosensor
Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards
and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah You
- Nanobiosensor
Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards
and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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19
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Curtin K, Fike BJ, Binkley B, Godary T, Li P. Recent Advances in Digital Biosensing Technology. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090673. [PMID: 36140058 PMCID: PMC9496261 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Digital biosensing assays demonstrate remarkable advantages over conventional biosensing systems because of their ability to achieve single-molecule detection and absolute quantification. Unlike traditional low-abundance biomarking screening, digital-based biosensing systems reduce sample volumes significantly to the fL-nL level, which vastly reduces overall reagent consumption, improves reaction time and throughput, and enables high sensitivity and single target detection. This review presents the current technology for compartmentalizing reactions and their applications in detecting proteins and nucleic acids. We also analyze existing challenges and future opportunities associated with digital biosensing and research opportunities for developing integrated digital biosensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Curtin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Bethany J. Fike
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Brandi Binkley
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Toktam Godary
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Correspondence:
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20
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Iyer V, Yang Z, Ko J, Weissleder R, Issadore D. Advancing microfluidic diagnostic chips into clinical use: a review of current challenges and opportunities. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3110-3121. [PMID: 35674283 PMCID: PMC9798730 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00024e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic diagnostic (μDX) technologies miniaturize sensors and actuators to the length-scales that are relevant to biology: the micrometer scale to interact with cells and the nanometer scale to interrogate biology's molecular machinery. This miniaturization allows measurements of biomarkers of disease (cells, nanoscale vesicles, molecules) in clinical samples that are not detectable using conventional technologies. There has been steady progress in the field over the last three decades, and a recent burst of activity catalyzed by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this time, an impressive and ever-growing set of technologies have been successfully validated in their ability to measure biomarkers in clinical samples, such as blood and urine, with sensitivity and specificity not possible using conventional tests. Despite our field's many accomplishments to date, very few of these technologies have been successfully commercialized and brought to clinical use where they can fulfill their promise to improve medical care. In this paper, we identify three major technological trends in our field that we believe will allow the next generation of μDx to have a major impact on the practice of medicine, and which present major opportunities for those entering the field from outside disciplines: 1. the combination of next generation, highly multiplexed μDx technologies with machine learning to allow complex patterns of multiple biomarkers to be decoded to inform clinical decision points, for which conventional biomarkers do not necessarily exist. 2. The use of micro/nano devices to overcome the limits of binding affinity in complex backgrounds in both the detection of sparse soluble proteins and nucleic acids in blood and rare circulating extracellular vesicles. 3. A suite of recent technologies that obviate the manual pre-processing and post-processing of samples before they are measured on a μDX chip. Additionally, we discuss economic and regulatory challenges that have stymied μDx translation to the clinic, and highlight strategies for successfully navigating this challenging space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasant Iyer
- Electrical and Systems Engineering Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Zijian Yang
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jina Ko
- Bioengineering Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Issadore
- Electrical and Systems Engineering Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
- Bioengineering Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Zhang R, Liao T, Wang X, Zhai H, Yang D, Wang X, Wang H, Feng F. Second near-infrared fluorescent dye for lateral flow immunoassays rapid detection of influenza A/B virus. Anal Biochem 2022; 655:114847. [PMID: 35964731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and rapid diagnostic point of care testing (POCT) system is of great significance to prevent and control human virus infection. Here reported an immunochromatographic strip technology. The second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescent dye encapsulated into polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles, was integrated into a lateral flow assay platform to achieve excellent detection of influenza A/B. This surface-functionalized and mono-dispersed PS nanoparticles has been conjugated with influenza nucleoprotein monoclonal antibody as targets for influenza antigen-detection. This assay achieved the detection limit of 0.015 ng/mL for influenza A nucleoprotein and 4.3*10-5 HAU/mL (102.08 TCID50/mL) influenza A virus (influenza B: 0.037 ng/mL, 9.7*10-7 HAU/mL (100.43 TCID50/mL)). Compared with an Au-based lateral flow test strip, the strip's sensitivity is about 16-fold higher than it. Strip detection properties remain stable for 6 months under 4 °C to 30 °C storage. The assay's intra assay variation is 5.14% and the inter assay variation is 7.74%. Other potential endogenous and exogenous interfering substances (whole blood, nasal mucin, saliva, antipyretics, antihistamines and neuraminidase inhibitors) showed negative results, which verified the excellent specificity of this method. This assay was successfully applied to the POCT quantitative detection of influenza A/B virus, the sensitivity to influenza A and B viruses was 70% and 87.5% respectively, and the specificity was 100%. Therefore, these microspheres can be used as an effective material for rapid POCT detection in clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biosensing, China, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Tao Liao
- WWHS Biotech, Inc, China, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Public Security, Northwest University of Political Science and Law, China, Xi'an, 710122, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biosensing, China, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biosensing, China, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biosensing, China, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biosensing, China, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China.
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biosensing, China, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
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22
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Leirs K, Dal Dosso F, Perez-Ruiz E, Decrop D, Cops R, Huff J, Hayden M, Collier N, Yu KXZ, Brown S, Lammertyn J. Bridging the Gap between Digital Assays and Point-of-Care Testing: Automated, Low Cost, and Ultrasensitive Detection of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8919-8927. [PMID: 35687534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Medical diagnostics is moving toward disease-related target detection at very low concentrations because of the (1) quest for early-stage diagnosis, at a point where only limited target amounts are present, (2) trend toward minimally invasive sample extraction, yielding samples containing low concentrations of target, and (3) need for straightforward sample collection, usually resulting in limited volume collected. Hence, diagnostic tools allowing ultrasensitive target detection at the point-of-care (POC) are crucial for simplified and timely diagnosis of many illnesses. Therefore, we developed an innovative, fully integrated, semi-automated, and economically viable platform based on (1) digital microfluidics (DMF), enabling automated manipulation and analysis of very low sample volumes and (2) low-cost disposable DMF chips with microwell arrays, fabricated via roll-to-roll processes and allowing digital target counting. Thyroid stimulating hormone detection was chosen as a relevant application to show the potential of the system. The assay buffer was selected using design of experiments, and the assay was optimized in terms of reagent concentration and incubation time toward maximum sensitivity. The hydrophobic-in-hydrophobic microwells showed an unparalleled seeding efficiency of 97.6% ± 0.6%. A calculated LOD of 0.0013 μIU/mL was obtained, showing the great potential of the platform, especially taking into account the very low sample volume analyzed (1.1 μL). Although validation (in biological matrix) and industrialization (full automation) steps still need to be taken, it is clear that the combination of DMF, low-cost DMF chips, and digital analyte counting in microwell arrays enables the implementation of ultrasensitive and reliable target detection at the POC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Leirs
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Dal Dosso
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Perez-Ruiz
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deborah Decrop
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Cops
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey Huff
- Diagnostics Division Dept. 0NTA, Bldg. CP-1, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Rd., Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6093, United States
| | - Mark Hayden
- Diagnostics Division Dept. 0NTA, Bldg. CP-1, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Rd., Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6093, United States
| | | | - Karen X Z Yu
- Sagentia, Harston Mill, Harston, Cambridge CB227GG, UK
| | - Stephen Brown
- Sagentia, Harston Mill, Harston, Cambridge CB227GG, UK
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Ashiba H, Yasuura M, Fukuda T, Hatano K, Fujimaki M. Quick and ultra-sensitive digital assay of influenza virus using sub-picoliter microwells. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1213:339926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Peng P, Liu C, Li Z, Xue Z, Mao P, Hu J, Xu F, Yao C, You M. Emerging ELISA Derived Technologies for in vitro Diagnostics. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Safdar S, Driesen S, Leirs K, De Sutter D, Eyckerman S, Lammertyn J, Spasic D. Engineered tracrRNA for enabling versatile CRISPR-dCas9-based biosensing concepts. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 206:114140. [PMID: 35247858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, CRISPR-Cas (stands for: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats - CRISPR associated protein) based technologies have gained increasing attention in the biosensing field. Thanks to excellent sequence specificity, their use is of particular interest for detecting nucleic acid (NA) targets. In this context, signal generation and amplification can be realized by employing the cis-cleavage activity of the Cas9 protein, although other options involving the catalytically inactive dead Cas9 (dCas9) are increasingly explored. The latter are however mostly based on complex protein engineering processes and often lack efficient signal amplification. Here we showed for the first time that flexible signal generation and amplification properties can be integrated into the CRISPR-dCas9 complex based on a straightforward incorporation of a DNA sequence into the trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA). The intrinsic nuclease activity of the engineered complex remained conserved, while the incorporated DNA stretch enabled two modes of amplified fluorescent signal generation: (1) as an RNA-cleaving DNA-based enzyme (DNAzyme) or (2) as hybridization site for biotinylated DNA probes, allowing subsequent enzyme labeling. Both signal generation strategies were demonstrated in solution as well as while coupled to a solid surface. Finally, in a proof of concept bioassay, we demonstrated the successful detection of single stranded DNA on magnetic microbeads using the engineered CRISPR-dCas9 complex. Thanks to the flexibility of incorporating different NA-based signal generation and amplification strategies, this novel NA engineering approach holds enormous promise for many new CRISPR-based biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Safdar
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seppe Driesen
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Leirs
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Delphine De Sutter
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, UGent Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Technologiepark 75, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Sven Eyckerman
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, UGent Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Technologiepark 75, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Dragana Spasic
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Toppi A, Dufva M. Accessible, fast and easy fabrication of hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic microdroplet arrays. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263282. [PMID: 35213568 PMCID: PMC8880433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microdroplet arrays (MDAs) are powerful tools for digital immunoassays, high-throughput screening and single cell analysis. However, MDAs are usually produced with cleanroom processes, which are associated with high costs and low availability. Furthermore, in order to obtain robust and stable MDAs based on hydrophilic spots surrounded by a hydrophobic background, the chemistry must be strictly controlled, which is challenging using shared equipment. Here, we developed a new method to fabricate MDA substrates independently from the cleanroom. A small and low-cost in-house built system to collimate the light source was assembled for photopatterning a negative resist, and spots with diameters down to 4 μm were obtained, with only 3% to 5% spot-to-spot variation across the same sample and high batch-to-batch reproducibility. The use of a negative photoresist enabled the formation of a hydrophobic coating in solution which yielded high-quality MDAs. The feasibility for carrying out digital assays was demonstrated by measuring anti-Tau antibody in sample buffers containing bovine serum albumin, with no noticeable surface fouling. The reported, robust, cost-effective, and fast process could hence lower the threshold to fabricate and use MDAs for digital immunoassays and other microcompartmentalization-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Toppi
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Dufva
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Jain R, Nirbhaya V, Chandra R, Kumar S. Nanostructured Mesoporous Carbon Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Efficient Detection of Swine Flu. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Jain
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | | | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Suveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
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Zhang Z, Ma P, Ahmed R, Wang J, Akin D, Soto F, Liu BF, Li P, Demirci U. Advanced Point-of-Care Testing Technologies for Human Acute Respiratory Virus Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2103646. [PMID: 34623709 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing global threats to human life caused by the human acute respiratory virus (RV) infections have cost billions of lives, created a significant economic burden, and shaped society for centuries. The timely response to emerging RVs could save human lives and reduce the medical care burden. The development of RV detection technologies is essential for potentially preventing RV pandemic and epidemics. However, commonly used detection technologies lack sensitivity, specificity, and speed, thus often failing to provide the rapid turnaround times. To address this problem, new technologies are devised to address the performance inadequacies of the traditional methods. These emerging technologies offer improvements in convenience, speed, flexibility, and portability of point-of-care test (POCT). Herein, recent developments in POCT are comprehensively reviewed for eight typical acute respiratory viruses. This review discusses the challenges and opportunities of various recognition and detection strategies and discusses these according to their detection principles, including nucleic acid amplification, optical POCT, electrochemistry, lateral flow assays, microfluidics, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and microarrays. The importance of limits of detection, throughput, portability, and specificity when testing clinical samples in resource-limited settings is emphasized. Finally, the evaluation of commercial POCT kits for both essential RV diagnosis and clinical-oriented practices is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Peng Ma
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Rajib Ahmed
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Demir Akin
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Fernando Soto
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
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Zhou Y, Wu Y, Ding L, Huang X, Xiong Y. Point-of-care COVID-19 diagnostics powered by lateral flow assay. Trends Analyt Chem 2021; 145:116452. [PMID: 34629572 PMCID: PMC8487324 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since its first discovery in December 2019, the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been posing a serious threat to human life and health. Diagnostic testing is critical for the control and management of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, diagnostic testing at the point of care (POC) has been widely accepted as part of the post restriction COVID-19 control strategy. Lateral flow assay (LFA) is a popular POC diagnostic platform that plays an important role in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic in industrialized countries and resource-limited settings. Numerous pioneering studies on the design and development of diverse LFA-based diagnostic technologies for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 have been done and reported by researchers. Hundreds of LFA-based diagnostic prototypes have sprung up, some of which have been developed into commercial test kits for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the crucial role of rapid diagnostic tests using LFA in targeting SARS-CoV-2-specific RNA, antibodies, antigens, and whole virus. Then, we discuss the design principle and working mechanisms of these available LFA methods, emphasizing their clinical diagnostic efficiency. Ultimately, we elaborate the challenges of current LFA diagnostics for COVID-19 and highlight the need for continuous improvement in rapid diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Lu Ding
- Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Yonghua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
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Zhang L, Fan W, Jia D, Feng Q, Ren W, Liu C. Microchamber-Free Digital Flow Cytometric Analysis of T4 Polynucleotide Kinase Phosphatase Based on Single-Enzyme-to-Single-Bead Space-Confined Reaction. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14828-14836. [PMID: 34713697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Digital bioassays have attracted extensive attention in biomedical applications due to their ultrahigh sensitivity. However, traditional digital bioassays require numerous microchambers such as droplets or microwells, which restricts their application scope. Herein, we propose a microchamber-free flow cytometric method for the digital quantification of T4 polynucleotide kinase phosphatase (T4 PNKP) based on an unprecedented phenomenon that each T4 PNKP molecule-catalyzed reaction can be spatially self-confined on a single microbead, which ultimately enables the one-target-to-one-fluorescence-positive microbead digital signal transduction. The digital signal-readout mode can clearly detect T4 PNKP concentrations as low as 1.28 × 10-10 U/μL, making it most sensitive method to date. Significantly, T4 PNKP can be specifically distinguished from other phosphatases and nucleases in complex samples by digitally counting the fluorescence-positive microbeads, which cannot be realized by traditional bulk measurement-based methods. Taking advantage of the novel space-confined enzymatic feature of T4 PNKP, this digital mechanism can use T4 PNKP as the enzyme label to fabricate digital sensing systems toward various biomolecules such as digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Therefore, this work not only enlarges the toolbox for high-sensitivity biomolecule detection but also opens new gates to fabricate next-generation digital assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province; School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Wenjiao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province; School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Dailu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province; School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Qinya Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province; School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province; School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Chenghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province; School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
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Tsurusawa N, Chang J, Namba M, Makioka D, Yamura S, Iha K, Kyosei Y, Watabe S, Yoshimura T, Ito E. Modified ELISA for Ultrasensitive Diagnosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5197. [PMID: 34768717 PMCID: PMC8585087 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be used for quantitative measurement of proteins, and improving the detection sensitivity to the ultrasensitive level would facilitate the diagnosis of various diseases. In the present review article, we first define the term 'ultrasensitive'. We follow this with a survey and discussion of the current literature regarding modified ELISA methods with ultrasensitive detection and their application for diagnosis. Finally, we introduce our own newly devised system for ultrasensitive ELISA combined with thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cycling and its application for the diagnosis of infectious diseases and lifestyle-related diseases. The aim of the present article is to expand the application of ultrasensitive ELISAs in the medical and biological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Tsurusawa
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jyunhao Chang
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Mayuri Namba
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Daiki Makioka
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sou Yamura
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kanako Iha
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuta Kyosei
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Satoshi Watabe
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;
| | - Teruki Yoshimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
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Toppi A, Busk LL, Hu H, Dogan AA, Jönsson A, Taboryski RJ, Dufva M. Photolithographic Patterning of FluorAcryl for Biphilic Microwell-Based Digital Bioassays and Selection of Bacteria. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:43914-43924. [PMID: 34491739 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
FluorAcryl 3298 (FA) is a UV-curable fluoroacrylate polymer commonly employed as a chemically resistant, hydrophobic, and oleophobic coating. Here, FA was used in a cleanroom-based microstructuring process to fabricate hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic (HiH) micropatterned surfaces containing femtoliter-sized well arrays. A short protocol involving direct UV photopatterning, an etching step, and final recovery of the hydrophobic properties of the polymer produced patterned substrates with micrometer resolution. Specifically, HiH microwell arrays were obtained with a well diameter of 10 μm and various well depths ranging from 300 nm to 1 μm with high reproducibility. The 300 nm deep microdroplet array (MDA) substrates were used for digital immunoassays, which presented a limit of detection in the attomolar range. This demonstrated the chemical functionality of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. Furthermore, the 1 μm deep wells could efficiently capture particles such as bacteria, whereas the 300 nm deep substrates or other types of flat HiH molecular monolayers could not. Capturing a mixture of bacteria expressing red- and green-fluorescent proteins, respectively, served as a model for screening and selection of specific phenotypes using FA-MDAs. Here, green-fluorescent bacteria were specifically selected by overlaying a solution of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) mixed with a photoinitiator and using a high-magnification objective, together with custom pinholes, in a common fluorescence microscope to cross-link the hydrogel around the bacteria of interest. In conclusion, due to the straightforward processing, versatility, and low-price, FA is an advantageous alternative to more commonly used fluorinated materials, such as CYTOP or Teflon-AF, for the fabrication of HiH microwell arrays and other biphilic microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Toppi
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise L Busk
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hongxia Hu
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Asli A Dogan
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexander Jönsson
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rafael J Taboryski
- DTU Nanolab, National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Dufva
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Gold nanoparticle enhanced multiplexed biosensing on a fiber optic surface plasmon resonance probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 192:113549. [PMID: 34391067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We present an innovative multiplexing concept on a fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (FO-SPR) platform and demonstrate for the first time the simultaneous detection of two targets using the same FO sensor probe. Co(III)-NTA chemistry was used for oriented and stable co-immobilization of two different His6-tagged bioreceptors. T2C2 and MDTCS (i.e. fragments of the ADAMTS13 metalloprotease linked to the thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura disorder) served as model system bioreceptors together with their respective targets (4B9 and II-1 antibodies). Gold nanoparticles were used here in an original way for discriminating the two targets in the same sample, in addition to their traditional signal amplification-role. After verifying the specificity of the selected model system, we studied the bioreceptor surface density and immobilization order. Innovative approach to lower the bioreceptor concentration below surface saturation resulted in an optimal detection of both targets, whereas the order of immobilization of the two bioreceptors did not give any significant difference. By sequentially immobilizing the T2C2 and MDTC bioreceptors, we established calibration curves in buffer and 100-fold diluted human blood plasma. This resulted in calculated limits of detection of 3.38 and 2.31 ng/mL in diluted plasma for 4B9 and II-1, respectively, indicating almost the same sensitivity as in buffer. Importantly, we also proved the applicability of the established calibration curves for quantifying the targets at random and more realistic ratios, directed by the design of experiments. This multiplexing study further expands the repertoire of applications on the FO-SPR biosensing platform, which together with its intrinsic features opens up great opportunities for diagnostics and life sciences.
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Yadav AK, Verma D, Kumar A, Kumar P, Solanki PR. The perspectives of biomarker-based electrochemical immunosensors, artificial intelligence and the Internet of Medical Things toward COVID-19 diagnosis and management. MATERIALS TODAY. CHEMISTRY 2021; 20:100443. [PMID: 33615086 PMCID: PMC7877231 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2021.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the COVID-19 an international health emergency due to the severity of infection progression, which became more severe due to its continuous spread globally and the unavailability of appropriate therapy and diagnostics systems. Thus, there is a need for efficient devices to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection at an early stage. Nowadays, the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique is being applied for detecting this virus around the globe; however, factors such as stringent expertise, long diagnostic times, invasive and painful screening, and high costs have restricted the use of RT-PCR methods for rapid diagnostics. Therefore, the development of cost-effective, portable, sensitive, prompt and selective sensing systems to detect SARS-CoV-2 in biofluids at fM/pM/nM concentrations would be a breakthrough in diagnostics. Immunosensors that show increased specificity and sensitivity are considerably fast and do not imply costly reagents or instruments, reducing the cost for COVID-19 detection. The current developments in immunosensors perhaps signify the most significant opportunity for a rapid assay to detect COVID-19, without the need of highly skilled professionals and specialized tools to interpret results. Artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) can also be equipped with this immunosensing approach to investigate useful networking through database management, sharing, and analytics to prevent and manage COVID-19. Herein, we represent the collective concepts of biomarker-based immunosensors along with AI and IoMT as smart sensing strategies with bioinformatics approach to monitor non-invasive early stage SARS-CoV-2 development, with fast point-of-care (POC) diagnostics as the crucial goal. This approach should be implemented quickly and verified practicality for clinical samples before being set in the present times for mass-diagnostic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Yadav
- Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - D Verma
- Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - A Kumar
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - P Kumar
- Sri Aurobindo College, Delhi University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - P R Solanki
- Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Jiang D, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Lu X, Xiao D, Zhou C. One-step fast and label-free imaging array for multiplexed detection of trace avian influenza viruses. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1171:338645. [PMID: 34112438 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and low-cost diagnosis of multiple infectious diseases is of great significance especially in densely populated or resource-constrained settings. Herein, we developed a one-step fast and label-free imaging array for multiplexed detection of trace avian influenza virus (AIV) DNA biomarkers. By designing a series of specific and efficient catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) amplification reactions and utilizing thioflavin T, a specific G-quadruplex fluorescence probe, three subtypes of AIV DNA biomarkers (H1N1, H7N9 and H5N1) were simultaneously and quickly detected within only 20 min, which just needed a small reagent volume of 50 μL and a smartphone instead of a spectrometer. With the combination of fluorescence imaging output and grey-level analysis, the array sensor can be on-site with the limit of detection of 136 pM, 141 pM and 129 pM for H1N1, H7N9 and H5N1, respectively. The imaging array also displayed good mismatch discrimination, excellent anti-interference, and real sample application. In view of its advantages of fast detection, low cost and multiplexed analysis, the imaging array is expected to have potential applications for early infectious disease diagnosis in resource-constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagang Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Yafei Tian
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Xueyun Lu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Dan Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Cuisong Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
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Photooxidation-induced fluorescence amplification system for an ultra-sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sci Rep 2021; 11:5831. [PMID: 33712666 PMCID: PMC7954804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This report suggests a method of enhancing the sensitivity of chemifluorescence-based ELISA, using photooxidation-induced fluorescence amplification (PIFA). The PIFA utilized autocatalytic photooxidation of the chemifluorescent substrate, 10-acetyl 3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine (ADHP, Amplex Red) to amplify the fluorescent product resorufin, initially oxidized by horse radish peroxidase (HRP). As the amplification rate is proportional to the initial level of resorufin, the level of antigen labeled by HRP is quantified by analyzing the profile of fluorescence intensity. The normalized profile was interpolated into an autocatalysis model, and the rate of increase at half-maximum time was quantified by the use of an amplification index (AI). The lower limit of detection, for resorufin or HRP, was less than one-tenth that of the plate reader. It requires only slight modification of the fluorescence reader and is fully compatible with conventional or commercial ELISA. When it is applied to a commercial ELISA kit for the detection of amyloid beta, it is verified that the PIFA assay enhanced the detection sensitivity by more than a factor of 10 and was compatible with a conventional 96-well ELISA assay kit. We anticipate this PIFA assay to be used in research for the detection of low levels of proteins and for the early diagnosis of various diseases with rare protein biomarkers, at ultra-low (pg/mL) concentrations.
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Trexler M, Brusatori M, Auner G. Avidin-biotin complex-based capture coating platform for universal Influenza virus immobilization and characterization. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247429. [PMID: 33635877 PMCID: PMC7909696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus mutates quickly and unpredictably creating emerging pathogenic strains that are difficult to detect, diagnose, and characterize. Conventional tools to study and characterize virus, such as next generation sequencing, genome amplification (RT-PCR), and serological antibody testing, are not adequately suited to rapidly mutating pathogens like Influenza virus where the success of infection heavily depends on the phenotypic expression of surface glycoproteins. Bridging the gap between genome and pathogenic expression remains a challenge. Using sialic acid as a universal Influenza virus binding receptor, a novel virus avidin-biotin complex-based capture coating was developed and characterized that may be used to create future diagnostic and interrogation platforms for viable whole Influenza virus. First, fluorescent FITC probe studies were used to optimize coating component concentrations. Then atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to profile the surface characteristics of the novel capture coating, acquire topographical imaging of Influenza particles immobilized by the coating, and calculate the capture efficiency of the coating (over 90%) for all four representative human Influenza virus strains tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Trexler
- Smart Sensors and Integrated Microsystems, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michelle Brusatori
- Smart Sensors and Integrated Microsystems, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Michael and Marian Illitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gregory Auner
- Smart Sensors and Integrated Microsystems, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Michael and Marian Illitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
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38
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Ravina, Manjeet, Mohan H, Narang J, Pundir S, Pundir CS. A changing trend in diagnostic methods of Influenza A (H3N2) virus in human: a review. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:87. [PMID: 33495723 PMCID: PMC7816835 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus is classified into four types A, B, C, and D, but type A and B are responsible for major illnesses in people with influenza A being the only virus responsible for flu pandemics due to the presence of two surface proteins called hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) on the virus. The two subtypes of influenza A virus, H1N1 and H3N2, have been known to cause many flu pandemics. Both subtypes change genetically and antigenically to produce variants (clades and subclades, also know as groups and subgroups). H3N2 tends to change rapidly, both genetically and antigenically whereas that of H1N1 generally tends to have smaller changes. Influenza A (H3N2) viruses have evolved to form many separate, genetically different clades that continue to co-circulate. Influenza A(H3N2) viruses have caused significant deaths as per WHO report. The review describes methods for detection of influenza A(H3N2) viruses by conventional serological methods as well as the advanced methods of molecular biology and biosensors. All these methods are based on different parameters and have different targets but the goal is to improve specificity and increase sensitivity. Amongst the molecular methods, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is considered a gold standard test due to its many advantages whereas a number of other molecular methods are time-consuming, complex to perform or lack specificity. The review also considers bio-sensing methods for simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and specific detection of H3N2. The classification and principle of various H3N2 biosensors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravina
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Manjeet
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Hari Mohan
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Jagriti Narang
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Pundir
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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A critical review: Recent advances in "digital" biomolecule detection with single copy sensitivity. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 177:112901. [PMID: 33472132 PMCID: PMC7836387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Detection of a single biomolecule, ranging from nucleic acids, proteins, viruses to bacteria, is of paramount importance in various fields including biology, environment, food and agriculture industry, public health, and medicine. With the understanding of the biological functions of these biomolecules (or bioparticles) and their impacts on public health, environmental pollution, and food safety, advanced detection techniques are unprecedentedly demanded for their early and/or sensitive detection. In this critical review, a series of elegant research about digital detection of biomolecules with potential single copy sensitivity is reviewed and summarized with the focus on the design principle and the innovation of how to accomplish the “digital” detection concept. Starting with a brief introduction on the importance of digital detection, recent advances in “digital” biomolecule detection with single copy sensitivity are grouped and discussed based on the difference of signal reporting systems, including surrogate signal development for “digital” detection, direct visualization for “digital” detection, and nucleic acid amplification enabled “digital” detection. Interdisciplinary combination and integration of different cutting-edge techniques are also discussed with details. The review is closed with the conclusion and future trends.
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40
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Tarim EA, Karakuzu B, Oksuz C, Sarigil O, Kizilkaya M, Al-Ruweidi MKAA, Yalcin HC, Ozcivici E, Tekin HC. Microfluidic-based virus detection methods for respiratory diseases. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2021; 4:143-168. [PMID: 33786415 PMCID: PMC7992628 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-021-00169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the importance of rapid and direct detection of respiratory disease viruses has been well recognized. The detection of these viruses with novel technologies is vital in timely prevention and treatment strategies for epidemics and pandemics. Respiratory viruses can be detected from saliva, swab samples, nasal fluid, and blood, and collected samples can be analyzed by various techniques. Conventional methods for virus detection are based on techniques relying on cell culture, antigen-antibody interactions, and nucleic acids. However, these methods require trained personnel as well as expensive equipment. Microfluidic technologies, on the other hand, are one of the most accurate and specific methods to directly detect respiratory tract viruses. During viral infections, the production of detectable amounts of relevant antibodies takes a few days to weeks, hampering the aim of prevention. Alternatively, nucleic acid-based methods can directly detect the virus-specific RNA or DNA region, even before the immune response. There are numerous methods to detect respiratory viruses, but direct detection techniques have higher specificity and sensitivity than other techniques. This review aims to summarize the methods and technologies developed for microfluidic-based direct detection of viruses that cause respiratory infection using different detection techniques. Microfluidics enables the use of minimal sample volumes and thereby leading to a time, cost, and labor effective operation. Microfluidic-based detection technologies provide affordable, portable, rapid, and sensitive analysis of intact virus or virus genetic material, which is very important in pandemic and epidemic events to control outbreaks with an effective diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Alperay Tarim
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Betul Karakuzu
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cemre Oksuz
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oyku Sarigil
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melike Kizilkaya
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Engin Ozcivici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - H. Cumhur Tekin
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
- METU MEMS Center, Ankara, Turkey
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41
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Sim J, Baek MS, Lee KH, Kim DM, Byun JY, Shin YB. A highly sensitive and versatile transcription immunoassay using a DNA-encoding tandem repetitive light-up aptamer. Talanta 2020; 224:121921. [PMID: 33379122 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive and accurate measurements of protein biomarkers are crucial for early diagnosis and disease monitoring. Here we report a versatile detection platform for sensitive detection of a protein biomarker using a tandem repeat Spinach aptamer DNA-based transcription immunoassay, which is a immunoassay combined with transcription-assisted Spinach RNA aptamer generation. We designed a DNA template encoding spa tandem repetitive Spinach sequence for enhanced generation of an RNA aptamer. The tandem repeated Spinach DNA template is consist of multiple monomeric units which is composed of T7 promoter, Spinach-2 and terminator. After in vitro transcription, the fluorescence signal from the 16R (nR, n = number of repeats) DNA template was enhanced up to ~ 15-fold compared to a single form (1R) DNA template. Using tandem repeat DNA, the proposed transcription immunoassay showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 37 aM, which is 103-fold lower than that of the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results demonstrate substantial promise for the ultrasensitive detection of various biological analytes using simple ELISA techniques. The high sensitivity and reliability of the proposed transcription immunoassay offer great promise for clinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Sim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, North Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, North Korea; BioNano Health Guard Research Center (H-GUARD), Daejeon, 34141, North Korea
| | - Min-Seok Baek
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, North Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, North Korea
| | - Dong-Myung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, North Korea
| | - Ju-Young Byun
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, North Korea.
| | - Yong-Beom Shin
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, North Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, North Korea; BioNano Health Guard Research Center (H-GUARD), Daejeon, 34141, North Korea.
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42
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Farre C, Viezzi S, Wright A, Robin P, Lejal N, Manzano M, Vidic J, Chaix C. Specific and sensitive detection of Influenza A virus using a biotin-coated nanoparticle enhanced immunomagnetic assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 414:265-276. [PMID: 33230699 PMCID: PMC7682758 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the development of a sensitive magnetic bead-based enzyme-linked immunoassay (MELISA) for the pan-reactive detection of the Influenza A virus. The assay combines immunomagnetic beads and biotin-nanoparticle-based detection to quantify a highly conserved viral nucleoprotein in virus lysates. At the capture step, monoclonal antibody-coated magnetic microbeads were used to bind and concentrate the nucleoprotein in samples. The colorimetric detection signal was amplified using biotinylated silica nanoparticles (NP). These nanoparticles were functionalized on the surface with short DNA spacers bearing biotin groups by an automated supported synthesis method performed on nano-on-micro assemblies with a DNA/RNA synthesizer. A biotin-nanoparticle and immunomagnetic bead-based assay was developed. We succeeded in detecting Influenza A viruses directly in the lysis buffer supplemented with 10% saliva to simulate the clinical context. The biotin-nanoparticle amplification step enabled detection limits as low as 3 × 103 PFU mL-1 and 4 × 104 PFU mL-1 to be achieved for the H1N1 and H3N2 strains respectively. In contrast, a classical ELISA test based on the same antibody sandwich showed detection limit of 1.2 × 107 PFU mL-1 for H1N1. The new enhanced MELISA proved to be specific, as no cross-reactivity was found with a porcine respiratory virus (PRRSV). Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Farre
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sara Viezzi
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.,Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Alice Wright
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Perrine Robin
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nathalie Lejal
- Université Paris-Saclay, UR892, INRAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marisa Manzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Jasmina Vidic
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Carole Chaix
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.
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43
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Iseri E, Biggel M, Goossens H, Moons P, van der Wijngaart W. Digital dipstick: miniaturized bacteria detection and digital quantification for the point-of-care. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4349-4356. [PMID: 33169747 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00793e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Established digital bioassay formats, digital PCR and digital ELISA, show extreme limits of detection, absolute quantification and high multiplexing capabilities. However, they often require complex instrumentation, and extensive off-chip sample preparation. In this study, we present a dipstick-format digital biosensor (digital dipstick) that detects bacteria directly from the sample liquid with a minimal number of steps: dip, culture, and count. We demonstrate the quantitative detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in urine in the clinically relevant range of 102-105 CFU ml-1 for urinary tract infections. Our format shows 89% sensitivity to detect E. coli in clinical urine samples (n = 28) when it is compared to plate culturing (gold standard). The significance and uniqueness of this diagnostic test format is that it allows a non-trained operator to detect urinary tract infections in the clinically relevant range in the home setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Iseri
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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44
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Jung H, Park SH, Lee J, Lee B, Park J, Seok Y, Choi JH, Kim MG, Song CS, Lee J. A Size-Selectively Biomolecule-Immobilized Nanoprobe-Based Chemiluminescent Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Detection of Avian-Origin Viruses. Anal Chem 2020; 93:792-800. [PMID: 33175513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a signal-amplifiable nanoprobe-based chemiluminescent lateral flow immunoassay (CL-LFA) was developed to detect avian influenza viruses (AIV) and other contagious and fatal viral avian-origin diseases worldwide. Signal-amplifiable nanoprobes are capable of size-selective immobilization of antibodies (binding receptors) and enzymes (signal transducers) on sensitive paper-based sensor platforms. Particle structure designs and conjugation pathways conducive for antigen accessibility to maximum amounts of immobilized enzymes and antibodies have advanced. The detection limit of the CL-LFA using the signal-amplifiable nanoprobe for the nucleoprotein of the H3N2 virus was 5 pM. Sensitivity tests for low pathogenicity avian influenza H9N2, H1N1, and high pathogenicity avian influenza H5N9 viruses were conducted, and the detection limits of CL-LFA were found to be 103.5 50% egg infective dose (EID50)/mL, 102.5 EID50/mL, and 104 EID50/mL, respectively, which is 20 to 100 times lower than that of a commercial AIV rapid test kit. Moreover, CL-LFA demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity against 37 clinical samples. The signal-amplifiable probe designed in this study is a potential diagnostic probe with ultrahigh sensitivity for applications in the field of clinical diagnosis, which requires sensitive antigen detection as evidenced by enhanced signaling capacity and sensitivity of the LFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijin Jung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyeon Park
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jiho Lee
- Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngung Seok
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagiro, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagiro, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Joonseok Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
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45
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Maley AM, Garden PM, Walt DR. Simplified Digital Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Tyramide Signal Amplification and Fibrin Hydrogels. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3037-3042. [PMID: 32988208 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many protein biomarkers occur at very low concentrations in biofluids like blood and saliva, and ultrasensitive detection methods are required in order to measure them. Approaches such as digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and single molecule arrays (Simoa) have been developed to accurately quantitate protein concentrations as low as attomolar levels. Although these techniques are being implemented in research and clinical laboratories to develop ultrasensitive clinical diagnostic assays, the size and cost of the instruments required to run these digital assays have precluded them from being implemented into point-of-care diagnostic formats. Here, we report the development of a simplified digital ELISA format that is more amenable to point-of-care technologies, referred to as catalyzed reporter deposition digital ELISA (CARD-dELISA). On-bead signal generation using the CARD tyramide signal amplification technique is combined with bead immobilization in fibrin hydrogels for single molecule counting in a simplified workflow format. CARD-dELISA allows for ultrasensitive protein detection (IL-6: ∼1 fM) with a dynamic range similar to the conventional Simoa assay. We use CARD-dELISA to measure IL-6 in saliva samples and show good agreement with conventional Simoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Maley
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Padric M. Garden
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - David R. Walt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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46
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Horta S, Qu JH, Dekimpe C, Bonnez Q, Vandenbulcke A, Tellier E, Kaplanski G, Delport F, Geukens N, Lammertyn J, Vanhoorelbeke K. Co(III)-NTA Mediated Antigen Immobilization on a Fiber Optic-SPR Biosensor for Detection of Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Diseases: Application in Immune-Mediated Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13880-13887. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Horta
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, Kortrijk 8500, Belgium
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 42, Heverlee B-3001, Belgium
| | - Jia-Huan Qu
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 42, Heverlee B-3001, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Dekimpe
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, Kortrijk 8500, Belgium
| | - Quintijn Bonnez
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, Kortrijk 8500, Belgium
| | - Aline Vandenbulcke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, Kortrijk 8500, Belgium
| | - Edwige Tellier
- INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Jardin du Pharo, Aix Marseille Univ, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, 13007 Marseille , France
| | - Gilles Kaplanski
- INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Jardin du Pharo, Aix Marseille Univ, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, 13007 Marseille , France
- APHM, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Hôpital de la Conception, Service de médecine interne, Aix Marseille Univ, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Filip Delport
- FOx Biosystems NV, Bioville, Agoralaan Abis, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 42, Heverlee B-3001, Belgium
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, Kortrijk 8500, Belgium
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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47
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Bhardwaj J, Kim MW, Jang J. Rapid Airborne Influenza Virus Quantification Using an Antibody-Based Electrochemical Paper Sensor and Electrostatic Particle Concentrator. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10700-10712. [PMID: 32833440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Airborne influenza viruses are responsible for serious respiratory diseases, and most detection methods for airborne viruses are based on extraction of nucleic acids. Herein, vertical-flow-assay-based electrochemical paper immunosensors were fabricated to rapidly quantify the influenza H1N1 viruses in air after sampling with a portable electrostatic particle concentrator (EPC). The effects of antibodies, anti-influenza nucleoprotein antibodies (NP-Abs) and anti-influenza hemagglutinin antibodies (HA-Abs), on the paper sensors as well as nonpulsed high electrostatic fields with and without corona charging on the virus measurement were investigated. The antigenicity losses of the surface (HA) proteins were caused by H2O2 via lipid oxidation-derived radicals and 1O2 via direct protein peroxidation upon exposure of a high electrostatic field. However, minimal losses in antigenicity of NP of the influenza viruses were observed, and the concentration of the H1N1 viruses was more than 160 times higher in the EPC than the BioSampler upon using NP-Ab based paper sensors after 60 min collection. This NP-Ab-based paper sensors with the EPC provided measurements comparable to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) but much quicker, specific to the influenza H1N1 viruses in the presence of other airborne microorganisms and beads, and more cost-effective than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Bhardwaj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Woo Kim
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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48
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Wu Y, Bennett D, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. How Nanoparticles Transform Single Molecule Measurements into Quantitative Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904339. [PMID: 31566291 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Single molecule measurements are revolutionizing the understanding of the stochastics of behavior of single molecules. There is a common theme referred to as a near-field approach, in how many single molecule measurements are being performed in assays. The term near field is used because the measurement volume is typically very small such that a single molecule, or a single molecule binding pair, within that volume is of an appreciable concentration. The next development in detection will be performing many single molecule measurements at one time such that single molecule measurements can be used as the basis for quantitative analysis. There have already been some notable developments in this direction. Again, all have a common theme in that nanoparticles are used to create many near-field volumes that can be measured simultaneously. Herein, the coupled developments in nanoparticles and measurement strategies that allow nanoparticles to be the backbone of the next generation of sensing technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Wu
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Danielle Bennett
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - John Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Wu K, Liu J, Saha R, Su D, Krishna VD, Cheeran MCJ, Wang JP. Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy for Detection of Influenza A Virus Subtype H1N1. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:13686-13697. [PMID: 32150378 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with proper surface functionalization have been extensively applied as labels for magnetic immunoassays, carriers for controlled drug/gene delivery, tracers and contrasts for magnetic imaging, etc. Here, we introduce a new biosensing scheme based on magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) and the self-assembly of MNPs to quantitatively detect H1N1 nucleoprotein molecules. MPS monitors the harmonics of oscillating MNPs as a metric for the freedom of rotational process, thus indicating the bound states of MNPs. These harmonics can be readily collected from nanogram quantities of iron oxide nanoparticles within 10 s. The H1N1 nucleoprotein molecule hosts multiple different epitopes that forms binding sites for many IgG polyclonal antibodies. Anchoring IgG polyclonal antibodies onto MNPs triggers the cross-linking between MNPs and H1N1 nucleoprotein molecules, thereby forming MNP self-assemblies. Using MPS and the self-assembly of MNPs, we were able to detect as low as 44 nM (4.4 pmole) H1N1 nucleoprotein. In addition, the morphologies and the hydrodynamic sizes of the MNP self-assemblies are characterized to verify the MPS results. Different MNP self-assembly models such as classical cluster, open ring tetramer, and chain model as well as multimers (from dimer to pentamer) are proposed in this paper. Herein, we claim the feasibility of using MPS and the self-assembly of MNPs as a new biosensing scheme for detecting ultralow concentrations of target biomolecules, which can be employed as rapid, sensitive, and wash-free magnetic immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Diqing Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Venkatramana D Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Maxim C-J Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Akkilic N, Liljeblad M, Blaho S, Hölttä M, Höök F, Geschwindner S. Avidity-Based Affinity Enhancement Using Nanoliposome-Amplified SPR Sensing Enables Low Picomolar Detection of Biologically Active Neuregulin 1. ACS Sens 2019; 4:3166-3174. [PMID: 31724395 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers serve as indicators of disease progression or therapeutic response of an medical intervention, and means for enabling a reliable and sensitive biomarker detection are therefore vital in clinical settings. Most biosensor assays require high-affinity interactions in combination with an enzyme or fluorescent tag to enable detection and frequently employ extensive washing procedures prior to signal readout. Attempts to overcome this limitation by using natural biological partners tend to be demanding, because their very low affinity is frequently not compatible with the need of reaching low limits of detection (LODs), especially for circulating biomarkers that possess short half-lives. To address these challenges, we developed a label-free surface plasmon resonance (SPR) platform for the detection of neuregulin 1 (NRG1) using ErbB4-modified liposomes offering both signal amplification and affinity enhancement via functional multivalent interactions. Through the functional avidity interaction between NRG1 and ErbB4, an LOD of 3.5 picomolar was reached, which is about 60-fold higher than traditional SPR and miniaturized immunoassays. The biosensor displays also an 8-fold higher sensitivity when compared with a single-molecule immunoassay employing the natural binding partner rather than a high-affinity antibody as one of the interaction partners. In fact, the liposome-induced avidity between NRG1 and ErbB4 offered an LOD that was comparable to that obtained using a high-affinity antibody and enabled detection of NRG1 in plasma with a LOD of 36 pM. Employing the liposome-enhanced platform in conjunction with a low-affinity biomarker receptor thus enables the assessment of the functional state of the biomarker at competitive LODs and eliminates the need for high-affinity antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fredrik Höök
- Department of Applied Physics, Division of Biological Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
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