1
|
Wang K, Chen XY, Zhang RWY, Yue Y, Wen XL, Yang YS, Han CY, Ma Y, Liu HJ, Zhu HL. Multifunctional fluorescence/photoacoustic bimodal imaging of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase in liver disorders under different triggering conditions. Biomaterials 2024; 310:122635. [PMID: 38810386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) seriously threatens the human health. Previous investigations revealed that γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) was tightly associated with the chronic injury, hepatic fibrosis, and the development of HCC, therefore might act as a potential indicator for monitoring the HCC-related processes. Herein, with the contribution of a structurally optimized probe ETYZE-GGT, the bimodal imaging in both far red fluorescence (FL) and photoacoustic (PA) modes has been achieved in multiple HCC-related models. To our knowledge, this work covered the most comprehensive models including the fibrosis and developed HCC processes as well as the premonitory induction stages (autoimmune hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). ETYZE-GGT exhibited steady and practical monitoring performances on reporting the HCC stages via visualizing the GGT dynamics. The two modes exhibited working consistency and complementarity with high spatial resolution, precise apparatus and desirable biocompatibility. In cooperation with the existing techniques including testing serum indexes and conducting pathological staining, ETYZE-GGT basically realized the universal application for the accurate pre-clinical diagnosis of as many HCC stages as possible. By deeply exploring the mechanically correlation between GGT and the HCC process, especially during the premonitory induction stages, we may further raise the efficacy for the early diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xu-Yang Chen
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ren-Wei-Yang Zhang
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Wen
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Yu-Shun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chen-Yang Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Hong-Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li K, Chen X, Wang B, Liu S. Biotin-tagged fluorescent probe for in situ visualization of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in cancerous cells and tissues. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 315:124274. [PMID: 38640627 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), a cell-surface enzyme, is strongly implicated in mammalian malignancy growth and migration processes including human hepatocarcinogens. However, simply and conveniently detect of GGT on the cell membrane remains highly challenging. In this study, a biotin-tagged fluorescent probe Nap-biotin-glu was developed using glutamic acid, naphthalimide, and biotin as the reaction site, fluorescent reporter, and membrane-targeting group, which required only three steps. Colocalization fluorescence imaging and immunofluorescence analysis indicated that probe Nap-biotin-glu was successfully realized in situ visualizing of GGT on the cell membrane.Owing to the significant over-expressed GGT level in tumor, the probe was successfully applied to distinguish cancer tissues from adjacent normal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Benhua Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan Province, China
| | - Sulai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saleem M, Hanif M, Rafiq M, Raza H, Ja KS, Lu C. γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) Sensitive Fluorescence Probes for Cancer Diagnosis; Brief Review. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:977-1006. [PMID: 37505365 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Millions of deaths occur each year due to the late diagnosis of abnormal cellular growth within the body. However, the devastating impact of this can be significantly reduced if cancer metastasis is detected early through the use of enzymatic biomarkers. Among several biomarkers, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) stands out as a member of the aminopeptidase family. It is primarily found on the surface of cancer cells such as glioma, ovarian, lung, and prostate cancer, without being overexpressed in normal cells or tissues. Recent years have witnessed significant progress in the field of cancer monitoring and imaging. Fluorescence sensing techniques have been employed, utilizing organic small molecular probes with enzyme-specific recognition sites. These probes emit a fluorescent signal upon interacting with GGT, enabling the imaging, identification, and differentiation of normal and cancerous cells, tissues, and organs. This review article presents a concise overview of recent progress in fluorescent probes developed for the selective detection of GGT, focusing on their applications in cancer imaging. It highlights the observed alterations in the fluorescence and absorption spectra of the probes before and after interaction with GGT. Additionally, the study investigates the changes in the probe molecule's structure following enzyme treatment, evaluates the sensor's detection limit, and consolidated imaging studies conducted using confocal fluorescence analysis. This comprehensive survey is expected to contribute to the advancement of sensing techniques for biomarker detection and cancer imaging, providing valuable insights for refining methodologies and inspiring future developments in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
- Department of Chemistry, Thal University Bhakkar, Bhakkar, 30000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Chemistry, GC University Faisalabad, Sub Campus, Layyah, 31200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 6300, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongu National University, Kongju Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim Song Ja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongu National University, Kongju Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Changrui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Wu M, Zhang R. Advances and Perspectives of Responsive Probes for Measuring γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2024; 4:54-75. [PMID: 38404494 PMCID: PMC10885334 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a plasma-membrane-bound enzyme that is involved in the γ-glutamyl cycle, like metabolism of glutathione (GSH). This enzyme plays an important role in protecting cells from oxidative stress, thus being tested as a key biomarker for several medical conditions, such as liver injury, carcinogenesis, and tumor progression. For measuring GGT activity, a number of bioanalytical methods have emerged, such as chromatography, colorimetric, electrochemical, and luminescence analyses. Among these approaches, probes that can specifically respond to GGT are contributing significantly to measuring its activity in vitro and in vivo. This review thus aims to highlight the recent advances in the development of responsive probes for GGT measurement and their practical applications. Responsive probes for fluorescence analysis, including "off-on", near-infrared (NIR), two-photon, and ratiometric fluorescence response probes, are initially summarized, followed by discussing the advances in the development of other probes, such as bioluminescence, chemiluminescence, photoacoustic, Raman, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). The practical applications of the responsive probes in cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring and GGT inhibitor screening are then highlighted. Based on this information, the advantages, challenges, and prospects of responsive probe technology for GGT measurement are analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University
of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zexi Zhang
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University
of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University
of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University
of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang K, Chen XY, Zhang B, Yue Y, Wen XL, Yang Y, Yang YS, Zhu HL, Liu HJ, Zhang AG. Near-infrared imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma and its medicinal treatment with a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-monitoring fluorescence probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 241:115721. [PMID: 37788579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the Near-infrared imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its medicinal treatment was achieved with a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-monitoring fluorescence probe KYZ-GGT which consisted of the typical recognition group γ-glutamyl and the structurally modified signal reporting group hemicyanine-thioxanthene. Compared with the recently reported probes, KYZ-GGT suggested practical and steady capability for monitoring the GGT level in the cellular, xenograft, induced as well as medicinal treatment HCC models. It realized the mitochondrial targeting intracellular imaging to reflect the GGT dynamics in the induction or medicinal treatment of HCC. In the xenograft and induced model mice with multiple factors, KYZ-GGT showed stable performance for visualizing the HCC status. In the medicinal treatment of the long-period-induced HCC model mice verified by the serum indexes and histopathological analysis, KYZ-GGT successfully imaged the medicinal treatment process of HCC with two marketed drugs (Sorafenib and Lenvatinib) respectively, with an applicative penetration depth. The information here was meaningful for investigating effective medicinal strategies for overcoming HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xu-Yang Chen
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Wen
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yu-Shun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
| | - Ai-Guo Zhang
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu M, Gong D, Zhou Y, Zha Z, Xia X. Activatable probes with potential for intraoperative tumor-specific fluorescence-imaging guided surgery. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9777-9797. [PMID: 37749982 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01590d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Owing to societal development and aging population, the impact of cancer on human health and quality of life has increased. Early detection and surgical treatment are the most effective approaches for most cancer patients. As the scope of conventional tumor resection is determined by auxiliary examination and surgeon experience, there is often insufficient recognition of tiny tumors. The ability to detect such tumors can be improved by using fluorescent tumor-specific probes for surgical navigation. This review mainly describes the design principles and mechanisms of activatable probes for the fluorescence imaging of tumors. This type of probe is nonfluorescent in normal tissue but exhibits obvious fluorescence emission upon encountering tumor-specific substrates, such as enzymes or bioactive molecules, or changes in the microenvironment, such as a low pH. In some cases, a single-factor response does not guarantee the effective fluorescence labeling of tumors. Therefore, two-factor-activatable fluorescence imaging probes that react with two specific factors in tumor cells have also been developed. Compared with single biomarker testing, the simultaneous monitoring of multiple biomarkers may provide additional insight into the role of these substances in cancer development and aid in improving the accuracy of early cancer diagnosis. Research and progress in this field can provide new methods for precision medicine and targeted therapy. The development of new approaches for early diagnosis and treatment can effectively improve the prognosis of cancer patients and help enhance their quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230051, P. R. China.
| | - Deyan Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230051, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengbao Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoping Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230051, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gober IN, Sharan R, Villain M. Improving the stability of thiol-maleimide bioconjugates via the formation of a thiazine structure. J Pept Sci 2023; 29:e3495. [PMID: 37055943 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Linker stability is critically important for the efficacy and safety of peptide and protein conjugates used for biological applications. One common conjugation strategy, thiol-maleimide coupling, generates a succinimidyl thioether linker with limited stability under physiological conditions. We have shown in previous work that when a peptide with an N-terminal cysteine is conjugated to a maleimide reagent, a thiazine structure is formed via a chemical rearrangement. Our preliminary work indicated that the thiazine linker has favorable stability. Here, we report the evaluation of a thiazine linker as an alternative to the widely used succinimidyl thioether linker for thiol-maleimide bioconjugation. The stability of the thiazine conjugate in comparison to the thioether conjugate was assessed across a broad pH range. Additionally, the propensity for retro-Michael reaction and cross-reactivity with other thiols was evaluated by treating conjugates in the presence of glutathione. The studies indicated that the thiazine linker degrades markedly slower than the thioether conjugate. In addition, the thiazine linker is over 20 times less susceptible to glutathione adduct formation. The NMR study of the thiazine structure confirmed that the formation of the thiazine linker is a stereoselective process that yields a single diastereomer. In summary, we propose the use of the thiazine linker obtained by conjugation of maleimide-containing reagents with peptides or proteins presenting an N-terminal cysteine as a novel approach for bioconjugation. The advantages of this approach are the formation of a linker with a well-defined stereochemical configuration, increased stability at physiological pH, and a strongly reduced propensity for thiol exchange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah N Gober
- Research and Development Department, Bachem Americas, Inc., Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Sharan
- Research and Development Department, Bachem Americas, Inc., Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Villain
- CMC Development Group, Bachem Americas, Inc., Torrance, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang K, Chen XY, Liu WD, Yue Y, Wen XL, Yang YS, Zhang AG, Zhu HL. Imaging Investigation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progress via Monitoring γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase Level with a Near-Infrared Fluorescence/Photoacoustic Bimodal Probe. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14235-14243. [PMID: 37652889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the main principal causes of cancer death, and the late definite diagnosis limits therapeutic approaches in time. The early diagnosis of HCC is essential, and the previous investigations on the biomarkers inferred that the γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) level could indicate the HCC process. Herein, a near-infrared fluorescence/photoacoustic (NIRF/PA) bimodal probe, CySO3-GGT, was developed for monitoring the GGT level and thus to image the HCC process. After the in-solution tests, the bimodal response was convinced. The various HCC processes were imaged by CySO3-GGT at the cellular level. Then, the CCl4-induced HCC (both induction and treatment) and the subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft mice models were selected. All throughout the tests, CySO3-GGT achieved NIRF and PA bimodal imaging of the HCC process. In particular, CySO3-GGT could effectively realize 3D imaging of the HCC nodule by visualizing the boundary between the tumor and the normal tissue. The information here might offer significant guidance for the dynamic monitoring of HCC in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu-Yang Chen
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen-Dong Liu
- Jiangxi Nabo Wine Industry Co. Ltd., Hexi Industrial Park, Ji'an, Wan'an County343802, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Wen
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Yu-Shun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ai-Guo Zhang
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Q, Yuan J, Jiang R, He L, Yang X, Yuan L, Cheng D. γ-Glutamyltransferase-Activatable Fluoro-Photoacoustic Reporter for Highly Sensitive Diagnosis of Acute Liver Injury and Tumor. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2062-2070. [PMID: 36633322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been recognized as an important clinical biomarker that is closely related to many diseases. Visualizing the GGT fluctuation facilitates early disease-related diagnosis and therapy. Herein, an activated probe (NIR-GGT) for the imaging of GGT activity was prepared. The probe consists of a stable NIR fluorophore with the tunable amino group decorated with the γ-glutamate group as a GGT-sensing unit linked by a self-elimination group. NIR-GGT can sensitively recognize GGT and cause a strong turn-on fluorescent and photoacoustic signal. The up-regulation of the GGT expression in acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury was imaged using NIR-GGT. The probe can track changes in the GGT level in the early stages of drug-induced acute liver injury (DIALI) and its remedy process by fluorescent and photoacoustic dual-modality imaging with a high temporal-spatial resolution. NIR-GGT can also be used to differentiate between tumor and para-carcinowa tissues in vivo. The probe may be a potential tool for the diagnosis of early-stage DIALI and accurate tumor resection in the clinical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Clinical Research Institute, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Renfeng Jiang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Longwei He
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Clinical Research Institute, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Clinical Research Institute, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang K, Wang W, Chen XY, Yang YS, Zhu HL. Constructing a novel fluorescence detection method for γ-glutamyltranspeptidase and application on visualizing liver injury. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114767. [PMID: 36265249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Liver injury is a serious threat to human health, and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is proven to be one of the clinical biomarkers of liver injury. The conventional detection method of GGT activity in serum suffers from the complex operation, expensive equipment, and incapability of dynamically monitoring in biological samples. Herein, in consideration of the excellent characteristics of fluorescent probes, such as simple operation, high sensitivity, low cost, and good biocompatibility, a novel fluorescence detection method for GGT based on the combination of probe Rho-GGT and glutamic acid 5-hydrazide (glutamlhydrine) was designed. This method was applied to liver injury model mice to construct the relationship between the fluorescence signal, GGT activity, and the occurrence or development stage of liver injury. The fluorescence detection method combined with clinical indexes could more accurately characterize the situation of liver fibrosis, and evaluate the efficacy of liver fibrosis drugs, which could help provide important information for accurate diagnosis and early treatment of liver injury. The successful implementation of this project would promote the accurate in situ detection of GGT in liver injury, which was expected to guide pre-clinical diagnosis and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xu-Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu-Shun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jinhua Advanced Research Institute, Jinhua, 321019, China.
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang S, Liu W, Zheng X, Ren H, Wu J, Li F, Wang P. A ratiometric fluorescent probe for detection of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in blood serum and living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 278:121325. [PMID: 35567819 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is one of the biomarker of cancer, hepatitis, and numerous other diseases. The accurate analysis of GGT is useful for the early diagnosis of these diseases. In this work, Probe 1, a ratiometric fluorescent probe based on 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile, was designed for GGT detection. The results indicated that Probe 1 can sensitively and selectively detect GGT in phosphate buffered solution and complex biological systems (e.g., blood serum). Furthermore, Probe 1 has been successfully applied for ratiometric imaging of GGT in cancer cells and normal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and City U-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and City U-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Xiuli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and City U-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Haohui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and City U-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and City U-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Fan Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and City U-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and City U-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen J, Lin Y, Xing W, Zhang X, Xu H, Wang W, Lou K. An anthracenecarboximide-guanidine fluorescent probe for selective detection of glyoxals under weak acidic conditions. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9473-9477. [PMID: 35424850 PMCID: PMC8985128 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An anthracenecarboximide-guanidine based turn-on fluorescent probe ANC-DCP-1 for selective detection of glyoxals (methylglyoxal and glyoxal, GOS) over formaldehyde under weak acidic conditions around pH 6.0 was reported. The probe showed great potential in studying relative GOS levels in weak acidic biological fluids such as in urine for diabetic diagnosis and prognosis, and also found application in the food industry such as for fast unique manuka factor (UMF) scale determination of Manuka honey. Formation of 5-membered dihydroxyimidazolidines with increased deprotonation at around pH 6.0 and enhanced intramolecular charge transfer for turn-on fluorescence detection of glyoxals.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yuna Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Wanjin Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xingchen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Huan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Wei Wang
- A Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721-0207 USA
| | - Kaiyan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pengpeng X, Jiangtai C, Gaofan S, Mengmeng Z, Wanchen Y, Xiangde L, Dongdong Z. Research Progress of Naphthalimide Derivatives Optical Probes for Monitoring Physical and Chemical Properties of Microenvironment and Active Sulfur Substances. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
14
|
Gao J, Chen W, Lin W, Yuan W, Liu H, Xie H, Zhang Q, Zhang P, Ding C. A turn on fluorescent assay for γ-glutamyltransferase activity and its application in biological imaging. Talanta 2021; 239:123126. [PMID: 34875524 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is widely presented in living cells and overexpressed in many tumor tissues. Therefore, it is generally considered as an important biomarker for the detection of tumor, especially for liver cancer. Accurate determination of its activity is helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. In this work, a "turn on" fluorescent probe NSA-GGT for the detection of GGT activity based on glutamine bond was designed and synthesized by employing dansylamino as fluorophore. The probe shows good water solubility and can be well dispersed in aqueous buffer. After incubated with GGT in phosphate buffer, the fluorescence of NSA-GGT centered at ∼523 nm increased over 25-fold. This sensing pattern exhibits an intriguing sensing sensitivity for GGT, and has good performance on intracellular GGT staining, serving as a promising candidate for GGT measurement. Subsequent biological experiments showed that probe NSA-GGT could also be used for fluorescent imaging of GGT activity in living cells and animal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Weixuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Haihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Hongyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Caifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yu H, Guo Y, Zhu W, Havener K, Zheng X. Recent advances in 1,8-naphthalimide-based small-molecule fluorescent probes for organelles imaging and tracking in living cells. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
16
|
Wang H, Wang X, Li P, Dong M, Yao SQ, Tang B. Fluorescent probes for visualizing ROS-associated proteins in disease. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11620-11646. [PMID: 34659698 PMCID: PMC8442704 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02165f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of proteins, including catalytic and expression dysfunction, is directly related to the development of various diseases in living organisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) could regulate protein expression by redox modification or cellular signal pathway and thus influence the development of disease. Determining the expression level and activity of these ROS-associated proteins is of considerable importance in early-stage disease diagnosis and the identification of new drug targets. Fluorescence imaging technology has emerged as a powerful tool for specific in situ imaging of target proteins by virtue of its non-invasiveness, high sensitivity and good spatiotemporal resolution. In this review, we summarize advances made in the past decade for the design of fluorescent probes that have contributed to tracking ROS-associated proteins in disease. We envision that this review will attract significant attention from a wide range of researchers in their utilization of fluorescent probes for in situ investigation of pathological processes synergistically regulated by both ROS and proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Mingyan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Zhou F, Yang S, Zhao C, Liu W, Yao X, Yu H, Sun X, Liu Y. γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase-activatable near-infrared nanoassembly for tumor fluorescence imaging-guided photothermal therapy. Theranostics 2021; 11:7045-7056. [PMID: 34093870 PMCID: PMC8171106 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Precise treatment of tumors is attracting increasing attention. Molecular probes simultaneously demonstrating the diagnostic signal and pharmacological effect in response to tumor microenvironment are highly desired. γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a biomarker with significantly up-regulated expression in the tumor area. We developed a GGT responsive near-infrared (NIR) nanoassembly for tumor-specific fluorescence imaging-guided photothermal therapy. Methods: The GGT responsive NIR probe was constructed by conjugating GGT-specific substrate γ-glutamic acid (γ-Glu) with cyanine fluorophore (NRh-NH2) via amide reaction. The resulting NRh-G spontaneously assembled into nanoparticles (NRh-G-NPs) around 50 nm. The NPs were characterized and the properties evaluated in the presence or absence of GGT. Subsequently, we studied fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy of NRh-G-NPs in vitro and in vivo. Results: NRh-G-NPs, upon specific reaction with GGT, turned into NRh-NH2-NPs, showing a ~180-fold fluorescence enhancement and excellent photothermal effect recovery. NRh-G-NPs could selectively light up U87MG tumor cells while their fluorescence was weak in L02 human normal liver cells. The NPs also showed excellent tumor cell ablation upon laser irradiation. After intravenous injection into tumor-bearing mice, NRh-G-NPs could arrive in the tumor area and specifically light up the tumor. Following laser irradiation, the tumor could be completely erased with no tumor reoccurrence for up to 40 days. Conclusions: NRh-G-NPs were specifically responsive to GGT overexpressed in U87MG tumor cells and selectively lit up the tumor for imaging-guided therapy. Besides, the recovery of photothermal property in the tumor area could improve cancer therapy precision and decreased side effects in normal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhou
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Shikui Yang
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhao
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Wangwang Liu
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Xufeng Yao
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gober IN, Riemen AJ, Villain M. Sequence sensitivity and pH dependence of maleimide conjugated N-terminal cysteine peptides to thiazine rearrangement. J Pept Sci 2021; 27:e3323. [PMID: 33786923 PMCID: PMC8243948 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thiazine formation during the conjugation of N‐terminal cysteine peptides to maleimides is an underreported side reaction in the peptide literature. When the conjugation was performed at neutral and basic pH, we observed the thiazine isomer as a significant by‐product. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed the structure of the six‐membered thiazine and ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) combined with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) allowed for facile, unambiguous detection due to a unique thiazine mass fragment. Furthermore, substitution of various amino acids adjacent to the N‐terminal cysteine in a tripeptide model system resulted in different rates of thiazine formation, albeit within the same order of magnitude. We also determined that varying the N‐substitution of the maleimide affects the thiazine conversion rate. Altogether, our findings suggest that thiazine rearrangement for N‐terminal cysteine‐maleimide adducts is a general side reaction that is applicable to other peptide or protein systems. Performing the conjugation reaction under acidic conditions or avoiding the use of an N‐terminal cysteine with a free amino group prevents the formation of the thiazine impurity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah N Gober
- Research and Development Department, Bachem Americas, Inc., Torrance, California, USA
| | - Alexander J Riemen
- Research and Development Department, Bachem Americas, Inc., Torrance, California, USA
| | - Matteo Villain
- CMC Development Group, Bachem Americas, Inc., Torrance, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen Y, Zhao X, Xiong T, Du J, Sun W, Fan J, Peng X. NIR photosensitizers activated by γ-glutamyl transpeptidase for precise tumor fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
21
|
Huang Z, An R, Wei S, Wang J, Ye D. Noninvasive ratiometric fluorescence imaging of γ-glutamyltransferase activity using an activatable probe. Analyst 2021; 146:1865-1871. [PMID: 33480367 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02232b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is an important aminopeptidase overexpressed in many malignant tumors, and accurate detection of its activity is useful for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Herein, we report a GGT-activatable ratiometric fluorescent probe (1) constructed by covalently linking an 'always-on' BODIPY fluorophore with a GGT-activatable near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent substrate. Upon interaction with GGT, the NIR fluorescence at 735 nm in probe 1 is significantly enhanced, while the fluorescence of BODIPY at 517 nm remains unchanged. Using BODIPY fluorescence as an internal standard, significantly enhanced ratiometric fluorescence between 735 nm and 517 nm could be achieved, allowing accurate detection of the activity of GGT in living subjects independent of probe concentration. We demonstrate that probe 1 is feasible for the evaluation of GGT levels in different tumor cells and differentiation of GGT-positive tumor cells from GGT-negative normal tissue cells. Moreover, probe 1 is further applied for the visualization of tumor via noninvasive ratiometric fluorescence imaging of GGT activity, which could facilitate the detection of GGT-positive tumor tissues and study of GGT-related pathological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lahnsteiner M, Kastner A, Mayr J, Roller A, Keppler BK, Kowol CR. Improving the Stability of Maleimide-Thiol Conjugation for Drug Targeting. Chemistry 2020; 26:15867-15870. [PMID: 32871016 PMCID: PMC7756610 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maleimides are essential compounds for drug conjugation reactions via thiols to antibodies, peptides and other targeting units. However, one main drawback is the occurrence of thiol exchange reactions with, for example, glutathione resulting in loss of the targeting ability. A new strategy to overcome such retro-Michael exchange processes of maleimide-thiol conjugates by stabilization of the thiosuccinimide via a transcyclization reaction is presented. This reaction enables the straightforward synthesis of stable maleimide-thiol adducts essential in drug-conjugation applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Lahnsteiner
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Alexander Kastner
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Josef Mayr
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Alexander Roller
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
- Research Cluster „Translational Cancer Therapy Research“Waehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
- Research Cluster „Translational Cancer Therapy Research“Waehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li Y, Xue C, Fang Z, Xu W, Xie H. In Vivo Visualization of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Activity with an Activatable Self-Immobilizing Near-Infrared Probe. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15017-15024. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chenghong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhijun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weipan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hexin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huo R, Zheng X, Liu W, Zhang L, Wu J, Li F, Zhang W, Lee CS, Wang P. A two-photon fluorescent probe for sensitive detection and imaging of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10902-10905. [PMID: 32808621 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02750b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A GGT-activated two-photon fluorescent probe (4F-2CN-GSH) was developed based on a cascade reaction. 4F-2CN-GSH could selectivily detect GGT with low detection limit and distinguish ovarian cancer cells from normal cells using both one-photon and two-photon fluorescence imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and City U-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and City U-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Weimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and City U-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and City U-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and City U-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and City U-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Center Of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center Of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and City U-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
A near-infrared excitation/emission fluorescent probe for imaging of endogenous cysteine in living cells and zebrafish. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5539-5550. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02812-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
26
|
Ye S, Wang S, Gao D, Li K, Liu Q, Feng B, Qiu L, Lin J. A New γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase-Based Intracellular Self-Assembly of Fluorine-18 Labeled Probe for Enhancing PET Imaging in Tumors. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:174-181. [PMID: 31913602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a cell -membrane-associated enzyme which has been recognized as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of many malignant tumors. Herein, we rationally designed a fluorine-18 labeled small-molecule probe, [18F]γ-Glu-Cys(StBu)-PPG(CBT)-AmBF3 (18F-1G), by applying a biocompatible CBT-Cys condensation reaction and ingeniously decorating it with a GGT-recognizable substrate, γ-glutamate (γ-Glu), for enhancing PET imaging to detect GGT level of tumors in living nude mice. The probe had exceptional stability at physiological conditions, but could be efficiently cleaved by GGT, followed by a reduction-triggered self-assembly and formation of nanoparticles (NPs) progressively that could be directly observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In in vitro cell experiments, 18F-1G showed GGT-targeted uptake contrast of 2.7-fold to that of 18F-1 for the detection of intracellular GGT level. Moreover, the higher uptake in GGT overexpressed HCT116 tumor cells (∼4-fold) compared to GGT-deficient L929 normal cells demonstrated that 18F-1G was also capable of distinguishing some tumor cells from normal cells. In vivo PET imaging revealed enhanced and durable radioactive signal in tumor regions after 18F-1G coinjecting with 1G, thus allowing real-time detection of endogenous GGT level with high sensitivity and noninvasive effect. We anticipated that our probe could serve as a new tool to investigate GGT-related diseases in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063 , China
| | - Shijie Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063 , China.,School of Chemical and Material Engineering , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Dingyao Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063 , China.,School of Chemical and Material Engineering , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Ke Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063 , China
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063 , China
| | - Bainian Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Ling Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063 , China.,School of Chemical and Material Engineering , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063 , China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hemicyanine-based near-infrared fluorescent probe for the ultrasensitive detection of hNQO1 activity and discrimination of human cancer cells. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1090:125-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
28
|
Sensitive and selective SERS probe for detecting the activity of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in serum. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1099:119-125. [PMID: 31986268 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) has attracted considerable attention for its regulatory effect on glutathione metabolism in living organisms; further, its close relationship with physiological dysfunctions such as hepatitis and liver cancers has enhanced its applicability. Therefore, the accurate detection of GGT levels is particularly important for the early diagnosis of diseases. Thus, we herein report the development of a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) probe, namely bis-s,s'-((s)-4,4'-thiolphenylamide-Glu) (b-(s)-TPA-Glu), that comprises of a γ-glutamyl moiety for detection of the GGT activity. In this system, detection was achieved by observing differences in the SERS spectral profiles of the b-(s)-TPA-Glu probe and its corresponding hydrolysis product that resulted from the catalytic action of GGT. This SERS probe system exhibited a high selectivity toward GGT due to a combination of its specific catalytic action and the distinctive spectroscopic fingerprint of the SERS technique. The developed SERS approach was also found to be approximately linear in the range of 0.2-200 U/L, and a limit of detection of 0.09 U/L was determined. Furthermore, the proposed SERS method was suitable for detection of the GGT activity of clinical serum samples and also for evaluation of the inhibitors of GGT. Consequently, this approach is considered to be a promising diagnostic and drug screening tool for GGT-associated diseases.
Collapse
|
29
|
Singh H, Tiwari K, Tiwari R, Pramanik SK, Das A. Small Molecule as Fluorescent Probes for Monitoring Intracellular Enzymatic Transformations. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11718-11760. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harwinder Singh
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Karishma Tiwari
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Rajeshwari Tiwari
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Pramanik
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Amitava Das
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Reo YJ, Jun YW, Sarkar S, Dai M, Ahn KH. Ratiometric Imaging of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Unperturbed by pH, Polarity, and Viscosity Changes: A Benzocoumarin-Based Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14101-14108. [PMID: 31566966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) is involved in maintaining the intracellular glutathione levels and, at its elevated levels, is associated with various diseases including cancer and myocardial infarction. To study this enzyme in biological systems, fluorescent probes have received significant attention recently. As fluorescence signal is sensitive to environmental fluctuations; however, it is challenging to address the signal fluctuation issue. Disclosed is the benzocoumarin-based probe that enables ratiometric imaging of GGT activity levels in cells as well as in tissues, essentially unperturbed by medium pH, viscosity, and polarity changes. Validity of the probe is demonstrated by determining the GGT activity level in HeLa cells directly through ratiometric imaging. Furthermore, the probe and its enzymatic product are two-photon absorbing, extending its applicability to tissue: an 8.5-fold higher level of GGT in cancerous tissue over the normal tissue is determined, and the GGT activity levels between different mouse organ tissues are quantitatively compared with the highest level in the kidney. The probe with practicality holds great promise for studying GGT-associated biological processes directly through ratiometric imaging by two-photon microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin Reo
- Department of Chemistry , Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu , Pohang , Gyungbuk 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Woong Jun
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry , Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu , Pohang , Gyungbuk 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mingchong Dai
- Department of Chemistry , Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu , Pohang , Gyungbuk 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry , Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu , Pohang , Gyungbuk 37673 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wei T, Wang F, Zhang Z, Qiang J, Lv J, Chen T, Li J, Chen X. Recent Progress in the Development of Fluorometric Chemosensors to Detect Enzymatic Activity. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3923-3957. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180214105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are a class of macromolecules that function as highly efficient and specific
biological catalysts requiring only mild reaction conditions. Enzymes are essential to
maintaining life activities, including promoting metabolism and homeostasis, and participating
in a variety of physiological functions. Accordingly, enzymatic levels and activity are
closely related to the health of the organism, where enzymatic dysfunctions often lead to corresponding
diseases in the host. Due to this, diagnosis of certain diseases is based on the levels
and activity of certain enzymes. Therefore, rapid real-time and accurate detection of enzymes
in situ are important for diagnosis, monitoring, clinical treatment and pathological
studies of disease. Fluorescent probes have unique advantages in terms of detecting enzymes,
including being simple to use in highly sensitive and selective real-time rapid in-situ noninvasive
and highly spatial resolution visual imaging. However, fluorescent probes are most
commonly used to detect oxidoreductases, transferases and hydrolases due to the processes
and types of enzyme reactions. This paper summarizes the application of fluorescent probes to
detect these three types of enzymes over the past five years. In addition, we introduce the
mechanisms underlying detection of these enzymes by their corresponding probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingwen Wei
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiang Qiang
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Lv
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang Y, Zhang G, Yang P, Moosa B, Khashab NM. Self-Immolative Fluorescent and Raman Probe for Real-Time Imaging and Quantification of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Living Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:27529-27535. [PMID: 31290645 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing over-expressed enzymes or biomarkers in living cells is critical for the molecular understanding of disease pathology and consequently for designing precision medicines. Herein, a "switch-on" probe is designed to selectively detect γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in living cells via a unique ensemble of enhanced fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In the presence of GGT, the γ-glutamyl bond in the probe molecule is cleaved, thereby activating a fluorescent probe molecule as well as a Raman reporter molecule. Consequently, the detection of GGT is achieved based on both plasmonic fluorescent enhancement and SERS with a detection limit as low as 1.2 × 10-3 U/L (normal range for GGT levels in the blood is 9-48 U/L). The main advantage of this platform is that on the occasion of fluorescence signal interference, especially in the presence of free metal ions in cells, the SERS signals still hold high stability as a backup. This work highlights the benefits of the marriage of two complimentary sensing techniques into one platform that can overcome the major obstacles of detection of real-time biomarkers and imaging in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Gengwu Zhang
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Peng Yang
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Basem Moosa
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Niveen M Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
He ZL, Chen Y, Wang X, Ni M, Wang G. Access to thiomorpholin-3-one derivatives: [3 + 3]-cycloadditions of α-chlorohydroxamates and 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
34
|
Liu J, Zhang S, Zhao B, Shen C, Zhang X, Yang G. A novel triarylboron based ratiometric fluorescent probe for in vivo targeting and specific imaging of cancer cells expressing abnormal concentration of GGT. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111497. [PMID: 31319323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal expression of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in living organisms is closely associated with tumorigenesis. However, few reported fluorescence probes can specifically respond to abnormal concentration of GGT. Here, by functionalizing triarylboron moiety with three GGT-specific substrate (GSH) units, a novel fluorescence probe, TAB-3-GSH, was developed for detecting GGT. The results showed that TAB-3-GSH selectively responds to abnormally high levels of GGT (100-1000 U/L) rather than to normal GGT levels (<100 U/L) with ratiometric readout, since the amide linkage can be further hydrolyzed under high GGT levels. TAB-3-GSH was also capable of differentiating GGT-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells from normal cells, because of an improvement in the probe's cell membrane permeability upon reaction with GGT. Moreover, the probe could achieve selective imaging of SKOV-3 tumor site in xenograft mice model. Thus, TAB-3-GSH is a promising probe for tumor targeting in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College & Department of Chemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China.
| | - Shilu Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College & Department of Chemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chengyi Shen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College & Department of Chemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, China.
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhou X, Liu Y, Liu Q, Yan L, Xue M, Yuan W, Shi M, Feng W, Xu C, Li F. Point-of-care Ratiometric Fluorescence Imaging of Tissue for the Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:4597-4607. [PMID: 31367243 PMCID: PMC6643432 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During a minimally invasive tumor resection procedure, it is still a challenge to rapidly and accurately trace tiny malignant tumors in real time. Fluorescent molecular imaging is considered an efficient method of localizing tumors during surgery due to its high sensitivity and biosafety. On the basis of the fact that γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is overexpressed in ovarian cancer, we herein designed a highly sensitive ratiometric fluorescent GGT-responsive probe Py-GSH for rapid tumor detection. Methods: The GGT response probe (Py-GSH) was constructed by using GSH group as a response group and pyrionin B as a fluorescent reporter. Py-GSH was characterized for photophysical properties, response speed and selectivity of GGT and response mechanism. The anti-interference ability of ratiometric probe Py-GSH to probe concentration and excitation power was evaluated both in vitro and in tissue. The biocompatibility and toxicity of the ratiometric probe was examined using cytoxicity test. The GGT levels in different lines of cells were determined by ratiometric fluorescence imaging and cytometry analysis. Results: The obtained probe capable to rapidly monitored GGT activity in aqueous solution with 170-fold ratio change. By ratiometric fluorescence imaging, the probe Py-GSH was also successfully used to detect high GGT activity in solid tumor tissues and small peritoneal metastatic tumors (~1 mm in diameter) in a mouse model. In particular, this probe was further used to determine whether the tissue margin following clinical ovarian cancer surgery contained tumor. Conclusion: In combination of ratiometric fluorescence probes with imaging instrument, a point-of-care imaging method was developed and may be used for surgical navigation and rapid diagnosis of tumor tissue during clinical tumor resection.
Collapse
|
36
|
Shi B, Zhang Z, Lan C, Wang B, Xu S, Ge M, Xu G, Zhu T, Liu Y, Zhao C. Enhanced γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase Imaging That Unravels the Glioma Recurrence in Post-radio/Chemotherapy Mixtures for Precise Pathology via Enzyme-Triggered Fluorescent Probe. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:557. [PMID: 31213974 PMCID: PMC6554337 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate pathological diagnosis of gliomas recurrence is crucial for the optimal management and prognosis prediction. The study here unravels that our newly developed γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) fluorescence probe (Figure 1A) imaging in twenty recurrent glioma tissues selectively recognizes the most malignant portion from treatment responsive tissues induced by radio/chemo-therapy (Figure 1B). The overexpression of GGT in recurrent gliomas and low level in radiation necrosis were validated by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the ki-67 index evaluation demonstrated the significant increase of malignancy, aided by the GGT-responsive fluorescent probe to screen out the right specimen through fast enhanced imaging of enzyme activity. Importantly, our GGT-targeting probe can be used for accurate determination of pathologic evaluation of tumor malignancy, and eventually for guiding the following management in patients with recurrent gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanjin Lan
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bao Wang
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shangchen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingxu Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ge Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianli Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunchang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu J, Cheng K, Yang C, Zhu J, Shen C, Zhang X, Liu X, Yang G. Application of Triarylboron Substituted with Cyclic Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic Acid Motifs as a Multivalent Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Tumor Imaging in Vivo. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6340-6344. [PMID: 30977997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Detection of cancer in its early stages is difficult, and this is a major issue that impairs the timely diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Integrin αVβ3 is expressed on tumoral endothelial cells, as well as other tumor cells. By functionalizing the triarylboron (TAB) compound with multiple cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (cRGD) motifs, which specifically bind to integrin αVβ3, a multivalent two-photon fluorescent probe TAB-3-cRGD was designed and chemically synthesized. Through cell imaging experiments, we showed that TAB-3-cRGD can selectively bind to integrin αVβ3 on the cell surface and can effectively distinguish normal cells from tumor cells overexpressing integrin αVβ3. Using a mouse model, we also showed that TAB-3-cRGD could target the tumor site in vivo, offering a promising tool for cancer detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging , Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine , North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging , Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine , North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China
| | - Chenwu Yang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging , Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine , North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging , Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine , North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China
| | - Chengyi Shen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging , Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine , North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging , Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine , North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China.,Department of Radiology , Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China
| | - Xuan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University of Science and Technology , Xiangtan , Hunan 411201 , China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hai Z, Ni Y, Saimi D, Yang H, Tong H, Zhong K, Liang G. γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase-Triggered Intracellular Gadolinium Nanoparticle Formation Enhances the T 2-Weighted MR Contrast of Tumor. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2428-2433. [PMID: 30856326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is advantageous in the diagnosis of deep internal cancers, but contrast agents (CAs) are always needed to improve MRI sensitivity. Gadolinium (Gd)-based agents are routinely used as T1-dominated CAs in clinic but using intracellularly formed Gd nanoparticles to enhance the T2-weighted MRI of tumor in vivo at high magnetic field has not been reported. Herein, we rationally designed a "smart" Gd-based probe Glu-Cys(StBu)-Lys(DOTA-Gd)-CBT (1), which was subjected to γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) cleavage and an intracellular CBT-Cys condensation reaction to form Gd nanoparticles (i.e., 1-NPs) to enhance the T2-weighted MR contrast of tumor in vivo at 9.4 T. Living cell experiments indicated that the 1-treated HeLa cells had an r2 value of 27.8 mM-1 s-1 and an r2/r1 ratio of 10.6. MR imaging of HeLa tumor-bearing mice indicated that the T2 MR contrast of the tumor enhanced 28.6% at 2.5 h post intravenous injection of 1. We anticipate that our probe 1 could be employed for T2-weighted MRI diagnosis of GGT-related cancers in the future when high magnetic field is available in clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Hai
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology , Anhui University , 110 Jiulong Road , Hefei , Anhui 230601 , China
| | - Yanhan Ni
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Dilizhatai Saimi
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Hongyi Yang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 350 Shushanhu Road , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
| | - Haiyang Tong
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 350 Shushanhu Road , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
| | - Kai Zhong
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 350 Shushanhu Road , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Real-time monitoring of γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase in living cells and in vivo by near-infrared fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift. Talanta 2019; 191:126-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
40
|
Ou-Yang J, Li Y, Jiang WL, He SY, Liu HW, Li CY. Fluorescence-Guided Cancer Diagnosis and Surgery by a Zero Cross-Talk Ratiometric Near-Infrared γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1056-1063. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ou-Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Yongfei Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Wen-Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Shuang-Yan He
- Hunan SJA Laboratory
Animal Co., Ltd., Changsha 400125, PR China
| | - Hong-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xu H, Xu H, Ma S, Chen X, Huang L, Chen J, Gao F, Wang R, Lou K, Wang W. Analyte Regeneration Fluorescent Probes for Formaldehyde Enabled by Regiospecific Formaldehyde-Induced Intramolecularity. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16408-16412. [PMID: 30457848 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An important challenge for reaction-based fluorescent probes is that they generally require analyte consumption for fluorescence signal generation, thus creating potential perturbation of native analyte homeostasis or change of local concentrations. Herein, we reported two formaldehyde (FA) regeneration fluorescent probes, NAP-FAP-1 and NAP-FAP-2. An unprecedented regiospecific FA-induced intramolecularity strategy is implemented in the probe design, which adopts 3-(benzylamino)-succinimide as the FA-selective reaction group. The probes are able to capture the analyte molecule, induce regiospecific imide bond cleavage, and then release the captured FA molecule with simultaneous fluorescence turn-on response via a unique dual PeT/ICT quenching mechanism. The probes have shown potentials in detection, comparison, and imaging of FA levels intracellularly and inside lysosomes. These features make them useful for the study of FA homeostasis and functions in biological systems with minimal perturbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Huan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Shengnan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Xiani Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Lixian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Junwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Kaiyan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721-0207 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shi J, Deng Q, Li Y, Zheng M, Chai Z, Wan C, Zheng Z, Li L, Huang F, Tang B. A Rapid and Ultrasensitive Tetraphenylethylene-Based Probe with Aggregation-Induced Emission for Direct Detection of α-Amylase in Human Body Fluids. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13775-13782. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ya Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhaofei Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chuyun Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Luo Z, An R, Ye D. Recent Advances in the Development of Optical Imaging Probes for γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase. Chembiochem 2018; 20:474-487. [PMID: 30062708 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a cell-membrane-bound protease that participates in cellular glutathione and cysteine homeostasis, which are closely related to many physiological and pathological processes. The accurate measurement of GGT activity is useful for the early diagnosis of diseases. In the past few years, many efforts have been made to build optical imaging probes for the detection of GGT activity both in vitro and in vivo. In this Minireview, recent advances in the development of various optical imaging probes for GGT, including activatable fluorescence probes, ratiometric fluorescence probes, and activatable bioluminescence probes, are summarized. This review starts from the instruction of the GGT enzyme and its biological functions, followed by a discussion of activatable fluorescence probes that show off-on fluorescence in response to GGT. GGT-activatable two-photon fluorescence imaging probes with improved imaging depth and spatial resolution are also discussed. Ratiometric fluorescence probes capable of accurately reporting on GGT levels through a self-calibration mechanism are discussed, followed by describing GGT-activatable bioluminescence probes that can offer a high signal-to-background ratio to detect GGT in living mice. Finally, current challenges and further perspectives for the development of molecular imaging probes for GGT are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ruibing An
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ou-Yang J, Li YF, Wu P, Jiang WL, Liu HW, Li CY. Detecting and Imaging of γ-Glutamytranspeptidase Activity in Serum, Live Cells, and Pathological Tissues with a High Signal-Stability Probe by Releasing a Precipitating Fluorochrome. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1354-1361. [PMID: 29877700 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
γ-Glutamytranspeptidase (GGT) is a significant tumor-related biomarker that overexpresses in several tumor cells. Accurate detection and imaging of GGT activity in serum, live cells, and pathological tissues hold great significance for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management. Recently developed small molecule fluorescent probes for GGT tend to diffuse to the whole cytoplasm and then translocate out of live cells after enzymatic reaction, which make them fail to provide high spatial resolution and long-term imaging in biological systems. To address these problems, a novel fluorescent probe (HPQ-PDG) which releases a precipitating fluorochrome upon the catalysis of GGT is designed and synthesized. HPQ-PDG is able to detect GGT activity with high spatial resolution and good signal-stability. The large Stokes shift of the probe enables it to detect the activity of GGT in serum samples with high sensitivity. To our delight, the probe is used for imaging GGT activity in live cells with the ability of discriminating cancer cells from normal cells. What's more, we successfully apply it for pathological tissues imaging, with the results indicating that the potential application of HPQ-PDG in histopathological examination. All these results demonstrate the potential application of HPQ-PDG in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ou-Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Yong-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Wen-Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Hong-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li L, Shi W, Wu X, Li X, Ma H. In vivo tumor imaging by a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-activatable near-infrared fluorescent probe. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6771-6777. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
46
|
Liu F, Wang Z, Wang W, Luo JG, Kong L. Red-Emitting Fluorescent Probe for Detection of γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase and Its Application of Real-Time Imaging under Oxidative Stress in Cells and in Vivo. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7467-7473. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenli Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li H, Wang P, Gong W, Wang Q, Zhou J, Zhu WH, Cheng Y. Dendron-Grafted Polylysine-Based Dual-Modal Nanoprobe for Ultra-Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Precancerosis via Targeting a Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29195018 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death. Early detection of precancerous pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) tissues is an urgent challenge to improve the PDAC prognosis. Here, a urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)-targeted magnetic resonance (MR)/near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) dual-modal nanoprobe dendron-grafted polylysine (DGL)-U11 for ultra-early detection of pancreatic precancerosis is reported. Because of its good biocompatibility and biodegradability, globular architecture, and well-defined reactive groups, the DGL is chosen as the platform to load with a pancreatic tumor-targeting peptide U11, a magnetic resonance contrast agent Gd3+ -diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid, and a near-infrared fluorescent cyanine dye Cy5.5. The nanoprobe DGL-U11 has several preferable characteristics, such as active peptide targeting to activator receptor, good biocompatibility, dual-modal imaging diagnosis, and well controlled diameter in a range of 15-25 nm. Upon incorporation of the active U11 peptide target to the overexpressed activator receptor uPAR, the targeted nanoprobe DGL-U11 can increase to the earlier PanIN-II stage through in vivo NIRF imaging. Labeled with both MR and NIRF bioimaging reporters, the uPAR-targeted dual-modal nanoprobe is very effective in the targeted imaging of precancerous PanINs and PDAC lesions with high sensitivity and spatial resolution, providing a promising platform to the ultra-early detection of PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Wenyu Gong
- Department of CT, the First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Jiangsu, 224005, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yingsheng Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Luo Z, Huang Z, Li K, Sun Y, Lin J, Ye D, Chen HY. Targeted Delivery of a γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Activatable Near-Infrared-Fluorescent Probe for Selective Cancer Imaging. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2875-2883. [PMID: 29376641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The noninvasive and specific detection of cancer cells in living subjects has been essential for the success of cancer diagnoses and treatments. Herein, we report a strategy of combining an αvβ3-integrin-receptor-targetable ligand, c-RGD, with the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-recognizable substrate, γ-glutamate (γ-Glu), to develop a tumor-targeting and GGT-activatable near-infrared (NIR)-fluorescent probe for the noninvasive imaging of tumors in living mice. We demonstrated that the probe's fluorescence was off initially, but when the γ-Glu in the probe was specifically cleaved by GGT, the fluorescent product was released and could be selectively taken up by U87MG-tumor cells via αvβ3-receptor-mediated endocytosis. Remarkably, enhanced intracellular NIR fluorescence distributed mainly in the lysosomes was observed in the tumor cells only, showing that the probe was capable of differentiating the tumor cells from the GGT-positive, αvβ3-deficient normal cells. Moreover, the probe also showed a high selectivity for the real-time and noninvasive detection of GGT activity in xenograft U87MG tumors following iv administration. This study reveals the advantage of using a combination of receptor-mediated cell uptake and molecular-target-triggered activation to design molecular probes for improved cancer imaging, which could facilitate effective cancer diagnoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Yidan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Niu J, Liu Y, Wang W, Lin W. Development of triphenylamine-based fluorescent probe with a large Stokes’ shift suitable for locating mitochondria. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
50
|
Yuan S, Wang F, Yang G, Lu C, Nie J, Chen Z, Ren J, Qiu Y, Sun Q, Zhao C, Zhu WH. Highly Sensitive Ratiometric Self-Assembled Micellar Nanoprobe for Nitroxyl and Its Application In Vivo. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3914-3919. [PMID: 29332385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO) is a derivative of nitric oxide (NO) that plays an essential role in various biological and pharmacological events. Until now, the in situ trapping and specific detection of HNO in living samples is still challenging. In this project, we fabricated a novel BODIPY-based micellar nanoprobe for monitoring nitroxyl in vitro and in vivo in ratiometric mode in aqueous solution. The probe (P-BODIPY-N) contains an asymmetrical BODIPY dye for fluorescent signaling and a diphenylphosphinobenzoyl as the trigger moiety; then we encapsulated P-BODIPY-N into the hydrophobic interior of an amphiphilic copolymer (mPEG-DSPE) and prepared a novel BODIPY-based micellar nanoprobe: NP-BODIPY-N. As far as we know, this probe is the first reported ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe for HNO, which exhibits ultrasensitivity, high selectivity, and good biocompatibility. Above all, this nanoprobe shows favorable cellular uptaken and was successfully used to detect intracellular HNO released by Angeli's salt in living cells and zebrafish larvae. These results indicate that our newly designed nanoprobe will provide a promising tool for the studies of HNO in living system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Yuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials , Hubei University , Wuhan 430062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials , Hubei University , Wuhan 430062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guichun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials , Hubei University , Wuhan 430062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Cuifen Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials , Hubei University , Wuhan 430062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Junqi Nie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials , Hubei University , Wuhan 430062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zuxing Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials , Hubei University , Wuhan 430062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ren
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials , Hubei University , Wuhan 430062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430205 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Sun
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430205 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunchang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|