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Geng C, Zhang T, Dong Z, Lu Y, Ma B, Xu Y, Yang Z, Liang S, Ding X. Development of an atmospheric pressure plasma-based OES device for in-situ mapping of Cd and related elements in plants. Talanta 2024; 275:126196. [PMID: 38705018 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
We have developed an innovative optical emission spectrometry imaging device integrating a diode laser for sample introduction and an atmospheric pressure plasma based on dielectric barrier discharge for atomization and excitation. By optimizing the device parameters and ensuring appropriate leaf moisture, we achieved effective imaging with a lateral resolution as low as 50 μm. This device allows for tracking the accumulation of Cd and related species such as K, Zn, and O2+∙, in plant leaves exposed to different Cd levels and culture times. The results obtained are comparable to established in-lab imaging and quantitative methods. With its features of compact construction, minimal sample preparation, ease of operation, and low limit of detection (0.04 μg/g for Cd), this novel methodology shows promise as an in-situ elemental imaging tool for interdisciplinary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Geng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Shandong Qingdao Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Qingdao, 266002, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Element Focus (Shanghai) Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200122, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Element Focus (Shanghai) Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200122, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Shuai Liang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 266071, China; Qingdao University - Aliben Science & Technology Collaborative Instrument R&D Center, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Xuelu Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 266071, China; Qingdao University - Aliben Science & Technology Collaborative Instrument R&D Center, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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2
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Geng C, Dong Z, Zhang T, Yang Z, Xu Z, Liang S, Ding X. Advances in atmospheric pressure plasma-based optical emission spectrometry for the analysis of heavy metals. Talanta 2024; 270:125634. [PMID: 38215585 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, miniaturized optical emission spectrometry (OES) systems utilizing atmospheric pressure plasmas (APPs) as radiation sources have exhibited impressive capabilities in trace heavy metal analysis. As the core of the analytical system, APPs sources possess unique properties such as compact size, light weight, low energy requirement, ease of fabrication, and relatively low manufacturing cost. This critical review focuses on recent progress of APP-based OES systems employed for the determination of heavy metals. Influences of technical details including the sample introduction manner, the sampling volume, the sample flow rate, the pH of the solutions on the plasma stability and the intensity of analytical signals are comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the analytical challenges faced by these techniques and highlights the opportunities for further development in the field of heavy metal detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Geng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Shandong Qingdao Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Qingdao, 266002, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zewen Xu
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Shuai Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Xuelu Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Li K, Zhou J, Yuan X, Zhang M, Huang K. Miniaturized ascorbic acid assay platform based on point discharge atomic emission spectrometry coupling with gold filament enrichment. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342064. [PMID: 38182370 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Miniaturized microplasma-based atomic emission spectrometry (AES) has been extensively used for element analysis in recent years due to the advantages of low power consumption, low gas consumption, relatively low manufacturing and running cost, and the potential for real-time and field analysis. However, few applications in bioassay detection have been reported based on microplasma AES systems because of their relatively low sensitivity and the absence of indirect analytical strategies. It is still a challenge to develop a simple, sensitive, and portable microplasma-based AES bioassay approach. RESULTS In this work, a portable analytical system was designed based on point discharge chemical vapor generation atomic emission spectrometry (PD-CVG-AES) coupling with gold filament enrichment. The detection of ascorbic acid (AA) was realized indirectly by means of the highly sensitive analysis of Hg2+. The measurement was based on Ag + can decrease the concentration of Hg2+ by forming Ag-Hg amalgam in the presence of the reductant SnCl2, while AA can pre-reduce Ag + to Ag0, leading to the generation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The pre-reduce procedure can decrease the generation of Ag-Hg amalgam, resulting in the recovery of Hg2+ signal. The dissociative Hg2+ was further detected by PD-CVG-AES combination of gold filament enrichment, which significantly improved the detection sensitivity for both Hg2+ and AA. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) of AA is as low as 19 nM with a relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 5) of 0.7 %. SIGNIFICANCE The developed novel analytical strategy obviously broadens the application of microplasma-based AES, and it is well demonstrated by the determination of AA in several traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), offering a higher level of sensitivity compared to current AA detection techniques. It has potential for future application in point-of-care testing (POCT) assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yuemei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Kejun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jinrong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610068, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610068, China.
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4
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Zhang M, Tang Q, Li P, He L, Hou X, Jiang X. Array Point Discharge as Enhanced Tandem Excitation Source for Miniaturized Optical Emission Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5151-5158. [PMID: 36878017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
A new compact tandem excitation source was designed and constructed by using an array point discharge (ArrPD) microplasma for a miniaturized optical emission spectrometer through coupling a hydride generation (HG) unit as a sample introduction device. Three pairs of point discharges were arranged in sequence in a narrow discharge chamber to construct the ArrPD microplasma, for improved excitation capability owing to the serial excitation. Besides, the discharge plasma region was greatly enlarged, therefore, more gaseous analytes could be intercepted to enter into the microplasma for sufficient excitation, for improved excitation efficiency and OES signal. To better understand the effectiveness of the proposed ArrPD source, a new instrument for simultaneous detection of atomic emission and absorption spectral responses was also proposed, designed, and constructed to reveal the excitation and enhancement process in the discharge chamber. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) of As, Ge, Hg, Pb, Sb, Se, and Sn were 0.7, 0.4, 0.05, 0.7, 0.3, 2, and 0.08 μg L-1, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all less than 4%. Compared with a commonly used single point discharge microplasma source, the analytical sensitivities of these seven elements were improved by 3-6-fold. Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) were successfully analyzed with this miniaturized spectrometer, which features low power, compactness, portability, and high detectability, and is thereby a great prospect in the field of elemental analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Qingsong Tang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Peixia Li
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Lin He
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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5
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He J, Wen X, Wu L, Chen H, Hu J, Hou X. Dielectric barrier discharge plasma for nanomaterials: Fabrication, modification and analytical applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Zhou H, Cai Y, Zhang M, Li W, Zhao Y. A miniature chemiluminescence spectrometric system induced by atmosphere microplasma jet to avoid using hydrogen peroxide and catalyst. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 279:121399. [PMID: 35609394 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A miniature luminol chemiluminescence system based on atmosphere microplasma is proposed for detection without any catalysts. In our research, atmosphere microplasma jet is employed to oxidize luminol and produce chemiluminescence instead of H2O2. The transport of OH radicals to the plasma-liquid interface and induce the chemiluminescence. The weight of the system is only 3.6 kg (including a 1.2 kg laptop), and the power consumption of the microplasma is only 0.045 W. The mechanism of luminol chemiluminiscence induced by microplasma jet and generation of microplasma jet are investigated in this study. A 1 mL sample solution is sufficient for trace 3-NPA determination within an analysis time of 6 min. In the range of 0.03-10 mg L-1, 3-NPA can be quantitatively analyzed along with a detection limit of 0.008 mg L-1. In addition, the proposed system is employed for real-world samples detection, including water samples, brown sugar and tainted sugarcane, which demonstrates the reliability and practical feasibility of the detection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhou
- School of Control Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yi Cai
- School of Control Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Control Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Control Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
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7
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Lv Z, Liu J, Mao X, Na X, Qian Y. Portable and miniature mercury analyzer using direct sampling inbuilt-metal ceramic electrothermal vaporization. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1231:340444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Development of a miniaturized hydride generation-dielectric barrier discharge atomic absorption spectrometer. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1229:340324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Chen X, Cai Z, Wang Z. Multi-element Simultaneous sensitization of solution cathode glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry by using portable semiconductor anode refrigeration. Talanta 2022; 248:123638. [PMID: 35667185 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a modified solution cathode glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry (SCGD-AES) was used to detect metal elements in electroplating sewage. The SCGD-AES device was equipped with a portable semiconductor anode refrigeration unit, which was built independently. The red-heat effect of tungsten electrode was alleviated by adding the portable refrigeration unit, thus improving thermal stability with the withstand voltage from 1040 V to 1140 V. Compared with the devices without semiconductor refrigeration, the chromium was excited more favorable when the discharge voltage increased, and the limit of detection (LOD) decreased by 8.5 times. Furthermore, the LODs of Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu and Pb decreased by 1.8-3.2 times, respectively, which realized the detection of elements in electroplating sewage and showed high performance in the field of trace elements analysis. Furthermore, the accuracy of the method was verified by stream sediment reference material (GBW07312), and the results were consistent with the certified values. The recoveries of elements added to industrial sewage and seawater range were from 90.5 to 98.7%, demonstrating good accuracy of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China; College of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhaoqing Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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10
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In Situ Detection of Trace Heavy Metal Cu in Water by Atomic Emission Spectrometry of Nebulized Discharge Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12104939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The in situ detection of trace heavy metal is very important for human health and environmental protection. In this paper, a novel and stable nebulized discharge excited by an alternating current (AC) power supply at atmospheric pressure is employed to detect the trace metal copper by atomic emission spectrometry. Different from the previous experiments in which a conductive object was wrapped around a pneumatic nebulizer directly as a discharge electrode. Plasma is generated near needle electrodes and aerosol is introduced from above the electrode gap by a pneumatic nebulizer, which avoid damage to the fragile device. The effects of applied voltage, gas flow rate, pH value of liquid, and concentration of organic addition agents on the emission intensity of Cu I (3d104p-3d104s, 324.75 nm) are investigated for the purpose of optimizing the experiment conditions. For studying the discharge characteristics and understanding the mechanisms of metal atomic excitation, the waveforms of applied voltage and discharge current are measured, and the vibrational and rotational temperature are calculated by the spectra of N2 (C3∏u-B3∏g, Δυ = −2). In addition, gas temperature evolution of nebulized discharge is acquired and it is found that the emission intensity of Cu I (3d104p-3d104s, 324.75 nm) can be affected by applied voltage, gas flow rate, pH value of liquid, and concentration of organic addition agents. An optimized experimental condition of nebulized discharge for Cu detection is 3.59 of the pH, 5.6 kV of applied voltage, 1.68 L/min of Ar flow rate, and 2% of the ethanol. Under this condition, the limit of detection (LOD) of Cu can reach up to 0.083 mg/L.
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11
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Li P, Hu J, Zhang M, He L, Li K, Hou X, Jiang X. Microdischarge in Flame as a Source-in-Source for Boosted Excitation of Optical Emission of Chromium. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7683-7691. [PMID: 35549155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A compact tandem excitation source-in-source was designed by arranging a point discharge (PD) ignited in argon/hydrogen (Ar/H2) flame and utilized for boosted excitation for the optical emission of chromium. Through a tungsten coil (W-coil) electrothermal vaporizer (ETV) located right under the tandem source without any interface for sample introduction, a miniaturized optical emission spectrometer was realized. Because the discharge gaseous atmosphere of PD was activated in the flame, the energy consumption of PD for breaking down discharge gas and maintenance of plasma was greatly saved. In addition, the flame could partially atomize or keep the atomized state of analyte atoms through its reducing environment. Therefore, the excitation capability of the tandem source was greatly improved, owing to the synergistic effect of PD microplasma and Ar/H2 flame. In addition, part of the analyte was atomized/excited on the W-coil, and thereby, dry, pure, and activated analyte species were released from the W-coil and swept into the tandem source for atomization/excitation. Through the collective effect of W-coil ETV, Ar/H2 flame, and PD microplasma, analytical sensitivity for Cr was greatly enhanced. Under the optimized conditions, with 10 μL sample solution, a limit of detection of 1.5 μg L-1 and a relative standard deviation of 3.6% (20 μg L-1, n = 5) were achieved. Its accuracy was demonstrated by successful analysis of several certified reference materials. Owing to the advantages including high sensitivity, compactness, and cost effectiveness, it is promising to facilitate the miniaturized spectrometer for more elements and potential field analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixia Li
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Lin He
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Kai Li
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.,Key Lab of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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12
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Zheng P, Hu Q, Zhang H, Wang J, Yang Y, He Y, Wu M, Tian H, Dong D, Mao X, Lai C. Elemental Analysis of Environmental Waters by Solution Cathode Glow Discharge—Atomic Emission Spectrometry (SCGD-AES) with a Multifunctional Injection System. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2053146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peichao Zheng
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing Municipal Level Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, Chongqing, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing Municipal Level Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, Chongqing, Beijing, China
| | - Hangxi Zhang
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing Municipal Level Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, Chongqing, Beijing, China
| | - Jinmei Wang
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing Municipal Level Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, Chongqing, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing Municipal Level Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, Chongqing, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin He
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing Municipal Level Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, Chongqing, Beijing, China
| | - Meini Wu
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing Municipal Level Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, Chongqing, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwu Tian
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daming Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Mao
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing Municipal Level Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, Chongqing, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhong Lai
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing Municipal Level Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, Chongqing, Beijing, China
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13
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Cai JY, Liu S, Yu YL, Wang JH. MoS 2-Covalent Organic Framework Composite as a Bifunctional Supporter for the Determination of Trace Nickel by Photochemical Vapor Generation-Microplasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2288-2297. [PMID: 35043637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A microplasma-based optical emission spectrometry (OES) system has emerged as a potential tool for field analysis of heavy metal pollution due to its features of portability and low energy consumption, while the development of an efficient sample introduction approach against matrix interference is crucial to meet the requirements of complex sample analysis. Herein, a MoS2-covalent organic framework (COF) composite serves as a bifunctional supporter for efficient sample separation/enrichment and photochemical vapor generation (PVG) enhancement, thereby achieving highly selective and sensitive detection of heavy metals in environmental water by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) microplasma-OES. With trace nickel analysis as a model, the MoS2-COF composite with a large specific surface area and a porous structure can not only efficiently separate and enrich nickel ions from a sample matrix through electrostatic interaction and coordination to reduce the interference of coexisting ions but also significantly improve the subsequent PVG efficiency due to the formed heterojunction and more negative reduction potential. Under optimized conditions, a linear range of 0.1-10 μg L-1 along with a detection limit of 0.03 μg L-1 is obtained for nickel. Compared with direct PVG, the tolerance to coexisting ions is greatly enhanced, and the detection limit is also improved by 43-fold. The accuracy and practicability of the present PVG-DBD-OES system are verified by measuring several certified reference materials and real water samples. MoS2-COF as a bifunctional supporter promotes the performance of the PVG-DBD-OES system in terms of anti-interference ability and detection sensitivity, especially for robust and efficient on-site analysis of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ying Cai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yong-Liang Yu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
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14
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Zhang Y, Na X, Shao Y, Liu J, Tian D, Mao X. Determination of Arsenic in Soil by Ultrasonic Assisted Slurry Sampling Hydride Generation (HG) in-Situ Dielectric Barrier Discharge Trap (DBD)-Optical Emission Spectrometry (OES). ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.2004156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Zhang
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Na
- Beijing Ability Technique Company, Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Yunbin Shao
- Beijing Ability Technique Company, Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Jixin Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Ability Technique Company, Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Di Tian
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuefei Mao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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15
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Yang J, Lin Y, He L, Su Y, Hou X, Deng Y, Zheng C. Three-Dimensional Printed Dual-Mode Chemical Vapor Generation Point Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometer for Field Speciation Analyses of Mercury and Inorganic Selenium. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14923-14928. [PMID: 34726372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to the large size and high energy consumption of instruments, field elemental speciation analysis is still challenging so far. In this work, a portable and compact system device (230 mm length × 38 mm width × 84 mm height) was fabricated by using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology for the field speciation analyses of mercury and inorganic selenium. The device comprises a cold vapor generator, photochemical vapor generator, and miniaturized point discharge optical emission spectrometer (μPD-OES). For mercury, inorganic mercury (IHg) was selectively reduced to Hg0 by cold vapor generation, whereas the reductions of both IHg and methylmercury (MeHg) were obtained by photochemical vapor generation (PVG) in the presence of formic acid. For selenium, Se(IV) and total inorganic selenium were converted to their volatile species by PVG in the presence and the absence of nano-TiO2, respectively. The generated volatile species were consequently detected by μPD-OES. Limits of detection of MeHg, IHg, Se(IV), and Se(VI) were 0.1, 0.1, 5.2, and 3.5 μg L-1, respectively. Precision expressed as the relative standard deviations (n = 11) were better than 4.5%. The accuracy and practicality of the proposed method were evaluated by the analyses of Certified Reference Materials (DORM-4, DOLT-5, and GBW(E)080395) and several environmental water samples with satisfactory recoveries (95-103%). This work confirms that 3D printing has great potential to fabricate a simple, miniaturized, easy-to-operate, and low gas and power consuming atomic spectrometer for field elemental speciation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yao Lin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Liangbo He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yubin Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yurong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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16
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Cai Z, Qian L, Peng X, Wang Z. Direct Ultratrace Detection of Lead in a Single Hair Using Portable Electromagnetic Heating Vaporization-Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14701-14707. [PMID: 34704432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the first demonstration of direct ultratrace determination of lead in a single human hair by direct current-atmospheric pressure glow discharge-atomic emission spectrometry (DC-APGD-AES) coupled with electromagnetic heating vaporization (EMV) was described. Only the ultramicro mass of a human hair sample (about 0.15 mg, often a single human hair) was required during the analysis, and fast detection was implemented without tedious pretreatment processes, such as grinding and digestion. A limit of detection (LOD) of 30.8 μg kg-1 (4.8 pg) for Pb was obtained under optimized conditions, which was even equivalent to that of conventional LA-ICP-MS/ETV-ICP-MS/GFAAS. EMV-APGD-AES, meanwhile, can facilitate miniaturization and portability with low power and small size. The accuracy and practicality of the method were verified by the analysis of certified reference materials (CRMs) GBW09101b (human hair) and human hair samples from three volunteers. A simple, efficient, and low-cost method for detecting Pb in human hair has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiaoxu Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Mao X, Chen G, Tian D. Review of miniaturized and portable optical emission spectrometry based on microplasma for elemental analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Zhang Y, Mao X, Tian D, Liu J, Li C. Trace arsenic analysis in edible seaweeds by miniature in situ dielectric barrier discharge microplasma optical emission spectrometry based on gas phase enrichment. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4079-4089. [PMID: 34554154 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01034d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel method using low-cost miniaturized hydride generation optical emission spectrometry equipment coupled with an in situ dielectric barrier discharge trap (HG-in situ DBD trap-OES) was established for the determination of As in edible seaweed samples. An improved peak volume algorithm, where the start time point and end time point of the spectrum at each concentration are determined according to the unified judgment criteria, was first proposed to extend the linear range from 1-100 μg L-1 to 1-200 μg L-1, and increase the sensitivity by about 30%. In addition, a modification was done on the DBD implementation, providing an enhancement of sensitivity by a factor of about 4 for As. All in all the detection limit (LOD) was improved from 0.5 μg L-1 to 0.2 μg L-1. By applying the method to seaweed samples, a method detection limit (MD) of 0.25 mg kg-1 was achieved, with less than 3% relative standard deviations (RSDs). The calibration linearity reached R2 > 0.990 in the 1.25-250 mg kg-1 range. Results obtained by the proposed method showed good agreement with that of certified reference materials (CRMs), and spiked recoveries were 103% to 114%, indicating favorable accuracy. The proposed method is attractive in terms of instrumentation size (0.6 m × 0.5 m × 0.3 m), power consumption (<60 W), manufacturing cost, and gas consumption (300 measurements for 4 L compressed Ar/H2 gas), and therefore more advantageous than conventional atomic spectrometric methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Zhang
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuefei Mao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Di Tian
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
| | - Jixin Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Ability Technique Company, Limited, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
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Qian L, Lei Z, Peng X, Yang G, Wang Z. Highly sensitive determination of cadmium and lead in whole blood by electrothermal vaporization-atmospheric pressure glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1162:338495. [PMID: 33926695 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a fast and simple method for highly sensitive detection of Cd and Pb elements based on atmospheric pressure glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry (APGD-AES) coupling with tungsten coil electrothermal vaporization (ETV) was proposed. A small amount of sample (10 μL) was dropped onto the tungsten coil, followed by drying, pyrolysis and vaporization procedures, and then the vaporized analyte was transported to APGD for excitation. The whole procedure took approximately 3 min. Multi-step heating of the ETV unit can separate matrices and solvents from the analyte, providing an advantage in detecting samples with complex matrix. Under the optimal experimental conditions, limits of detection of 0.4 μg L-1 (4 pg) for cadmium and 1.2 μg L-1 (12 pg) for lead were obtained, with relative standard deviations of 20 μg L-1 Cd and 100 μg L-1 Pb both being <5%. The accuracy of the ETV-APGD-AES system was verified by the determination of heavy metals in whole blood standard sample (GBW(E)090,251) and the practicability of the ETV-APGD-AES system were demonstrated by the determination of heavy metals in human whole blood. The results obtained by this instrument agree well with the standard values and those obtained by ICP-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qian
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China; Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Zhendong Lei
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Xiaoxu Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Guangzhi Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Simultaneous Determination of As, Bi, Sb, Se, Te, Hg, Pb and Sn by Small-Sized Electrothermal Vaporization Capacitively Coupled Plasma Microtorch Optical Emission Spectrometry Using Direct Liquid Microsampling. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092642. [PMID: 33946509 PMCID: PMC8124486 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous determination of chemical vapor-generating elements involving derivatization is difficult even by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry or mass spectrometry. This study proposes a new direct liquid microsampling method for the simultaneous determination of As, Bi, Se, Te, Hg, Pb, and Sn, using a fully miniaturized set-up based on electrothermal vaporization capacitively coupled plasma microtorch optical emission spectrometry. The method is cost-effective, free from non-spectral interference, and easy to run by avoiding derivatization. The method involves the vaporization of analytes from the 10 µL sample and recording of episodic spectra generated in low-power (15 W) and low-Ar consumption (150 mL min−1) plasma microtorch interfaced with low-resolution microspectrometers. Selective vaporization at 1300 °C ensured the avoidance of non-spectral effects and allowed the use of external calibration. Several spectral lines for each element even in the range 180–210 nm could be selected. Generally, this spectral range is examined with large-scale instrumentation. Even in the absence of derivatization, the obtained detection limits were low (0.02–0.75 mg kg−1) and allowed analysis of environmental samples, such as cave and river sediments. The recovery was in the range of 86–116%, and the accuracy was better than 10%. The method is of general interest and could be implemented on any miniaturized or classical laboratory spectrometric instrumentation.
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21
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Liu S, Xue XX, Yu YL, Wang JH. "Insert-and-Go" Activated Carbon Electrode Tip for Heavy Metal Capture and In Situ Analysis by Microplasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6262-6269. [PMID: 33825451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The miniaturized optical emission spectrometry (OES) devices based on various microplasma excitation sources provide reliable tools for on-site analysis of heavy metal pollution, while the development of convenient and efficient sample introduction approaches is essential to improve their performances for field analysis. Herein, a small activated carbon electrode tip is employed as solid support to preconcentrate heavy metals in water and subsequently served as an inner electrode of the coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) to generate microplasma. In this case, heavy metal analytes in water are first adsorbed on the surface of the activated carbon electrode tip via a simple liquid-solid phase transformation during the sample loading process, and then, fast released to produce OES during the DBD microplasma excitation process. The corresponding OES signals are synchronously recorded by a charge-coupled device (CCD) spectrometer for quantitative analysis. This activated carbon electrode tip provides a new tool for sample introduction into the DBD microplasma and facilitates "insert-and-go" in subsequent DBD-OES analysis. With a multiplexed activated carbon electrode tip array, a batch of water samples (50 mL) can be loaded in parallel within 5 min. After drying the activated carbon electrode tips for 5 min, the DBD-OES analysis is maintained at a rate of 6 s per sample. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of 0.03 and 0.6 μg L-1 are obtained for Cd and Pb, respectively. The accuracy and practicability of the present DBD-OES system have been verified by measuring several certified reference materials and real water samples. This analytical strategy not only simplifies the sample pretreatment steps but also significantly improves the sensitivity of the DBD-OES system for heavy metal detection. By virtue of the advantages of high sensitivity, fast analysis speed, simple operation, low cost, and favorable portability, the upgraded DBD-OES system provides a more powerful tool for on-site analysis of heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, P.O. Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xin-Xin Xue
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, P.O. Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yong-Liang Yu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, P.O. Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, P.O. Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
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22
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Deng Y, Hu J, Li M, He L, Li K, Hou X, Jiang X. Interface-free integration of electrothermal vaporizer and point discharge microplasma for miniaturized optical emission spectrometer. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1163:338502. [PMID: 34024418 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A tungsten coil (W-coil) as an electrothermal vaporizer (ETV) was interface-free integrated with a point discharge (PD) microplasma as an excitation source for a miniaturized optical emission spectrometer (OES). The PD microplasma and the W-coil ETV were vertically arranged in one quartz tube, and the W-coil was directly placed just under the PD without any physical interface. Working gas flow could sweep them successively to carry analytes released from the W-coil to the PD microplasma, and exhaust out of the quartz tube. The W-coil firstly acted as an ETV for sampling, on which pipetted with a tiny amount of sample solution (typically 10 μL), followed by a heating program for eliminating sample moisture and matrix. Vapor of analytes was subsequently released from the W-coil at a high temperature and immediately swept into the PD microplasma for excitation of atoms to obtain their optical emission spectra. Due to the high temperature of the W-coil, the released analyte species from the W-coil probably had been already atomized/excited partly and partially maintained prior to entering into the PD microplasma, thus saving the energy in the PD for sample evaporation and dissociation. In other words, the W-coil indirectly provided extra energy to the PD microplasma, thus its excitation capability was intensified. Under optimal experimental conditions, simultaneous determination of Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Cu, In, Pb, Sb and Zn was achieved, with LODs of 0.6, 45, 40, 0.08, 15, 8, 8, 41 and 5 μg L-1, respectively, and RSDs all less than 4.5% (n = 3, at corresponding concentrations of 5, 250, 250, 0.5, 100, 50, 50, 250 and 25 μg L-1). The accuracy validation of the proposed technique was demonstrated by successfully analyzing Certified Reference Materials (CRMs, including water, soil, stream sediment and biological samples), and preliminarily analyzing one CRM with direct slurry injection, both with satisfactory results, which had no significant difference with the certificated values at a confidence level of 95% by t-test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Deng
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Mengtian Li
- Key Lab of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Lin He
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Kai Li
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China; Key Lab of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China.
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China.
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23
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Peng X, Zhao M, Yuan M, Wang Z. Solution anode glow discharge optical emission spectrometry: Volatile hydride introduction from the gas jet nozzle cathode for ultrasensitive determination of lead. Talanta 2021; 225:121995. [PMID: 33592742 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive method for the determination of Pb was developed by coupling solution anode glow discharge-optical emission spectrometry (SAGD-OES) with hydride generation (HG). Compared to solution cathode glow discharge, the introduction of analytes yielded via HG from the discharge cathode into the microplasma was demonstrated to be easily performed by SAGD in which the gas jet nozzle served as cathode and further enhanced sensitivity for Pb determination was achieved. The susceptibility of SAGD-OES to the matrix-induced interferences in the analysis of real samples was significantly improved owing to the coupling of HG. After a thorough optimization of the HG-SAGD-OES system parameters, the developed system achieved Pb detection limit of 0.061 ng mL-1, with the corresponding relative standard deviation being <2.2% at analyte concentrations of 50 ng mL-1. The potential application of this method was validated by successfully analyzing three certified reference materials (CRMs: GBW07311, GBW07312, and GBW07601a (GSH-1)) and human blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China
| | - Mingli Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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24
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Review: Miniature dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in analytical atomic spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1147:211-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Jin M, Yuan H, Liu B, Peng J, Xu L, Yang D. Review of the distribution and detection methods of heavy metals in the environment. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5747-5766. [PMID: 33231592 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01577f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals can be enriched in living organisms and seriously endanger human health and the ecological environment, which has evolved into a significant global environmental problem. Based on summarizing the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the environment, this review introduces heavy metal detection technologies such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry/atomic emission spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, and laser-induced breakdown spectrometry. It summarizes their respective advantages, characteristics, and applicability. Besides, atmospheric pressure discharge plasma as a potential heavy metal detection technology is also introduced and discussed in this review. The current research mainly focuses on improving the analytical performance and optimizing the practical application. Furthermore, this review not only summarizes the advantages of atmospheric pressure discharge plasma in the field of element analysis but also summarizes the principal scientific and technical problems to be solved urgently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Jin
- College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
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In situ preconcentration of lead by dielectric barrier discharge and its application to high sensitivity surface water analysis. Talanta 2020; 219:121182. [PMID: 32887100 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor was utilized to in situ enrich and atomize lead in gas phase. The structure of DBD reactor was optimized to broaden the acidity window of plumbane generation from 1% to 3.5%, bringing better analytical stability and practicability deriving from hydride generation process. For the first time DBD proved effective in lead preconcentration and broadening the acidity window of plumbane generation. Pb can be trapped quantitatively (~100%) on the quartz surface of DBD tube under O2-containing atmosphere and released (~100%) under H2-containing atmosphere. The absolute detection limit (LOD) for Pb was 4.1 pg (injection volume = 1.2 mL), and the linear (R2 > 0.999) range was 0.05-100 μg/L. The results were in good agreement with those of certified reference materials (CRMs), and spiked recoveries for surface water samples were 99-104% with 2-8% RSD. By gas phase analyte enrichment, the proposed method reduced absolute LOD by 10 times. It was deduced that plumbane was changed to lead oxide species trapped on the quartz tube surface and then released, and transported in form of atoms to the detection zone.
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Zhang Y, Ma J, Na X, Shao Y, Liu J, Mao X, Chen G, Tian D, Qian Y. A portable and field optical emission spectrometry coupled with microplasma trap for high sensitivity analysis of arsenic and antimony simultaneously. Talanta 2020; 218:121161. [PMID: 32797916 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a portable and reliable optical emission spectrometric (OES) instrument based on solid acid hydride generation (HG) and subsequent in situ dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) preconcentration was first developed for simultaneous and field analysis of ultratrace As and Sb in environmental water. In situ DBD fulfilled both gas phase enrichment (GPE) and excitation; effective enrichment made it possible to use a low-cost charge coupled device (CCD) as detector. To simplify field protocol, solid tablet made from sulfamic acid was first used to replace hydrochloric acid for co-generation of As and Sb hydrides. Moisture interference was eliminated by carrier gas sweeping without any desiccant. After calculating peak volume for emission data handling, detection limits (LODs) were 0.5 μg L-1 for As and 0.2 μg L-1 for Sb, respectively, with <3% relative standard deviations (RSDs) at 10 μg L-1; linear dynamic ranges (R2>0.995) were 2-200 μg L-1 for As and 1-200 μg L-1 for Sb, respectively. The results agreed with certified values of CRMs and recoveries were 87-97% vs. inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The running costs can be controlled within one dollar per use. This HG-in situ DBD trap-OES scheme, with demonstrated advantages in sensitivity, low-cost, power (<60 W), size (0.6 m × 0.5 m × 0.3 m), weight (15 kg), gas consumption (300 measurements per 4 L tank), and multi-element capability, was implemented in a miniature spectrometer for field analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, And Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Beijing Ability Technology Company, Limited, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xing Na
- Beijing Ability Technology Company, Limited, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yunbin Shao
- Beijing Ability Technology Company, Limited, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jixin Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, And Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China; Beijing Ability Technology Company, Limited, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xuefei Mao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, And Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Guoying Chen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA
| | - Di Tian
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
| | - Yongzhong Qian
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, And Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
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Liu X, Yu K, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhang J, Gao J, Li N, Jiang J. A portable electromagnetic heating-microplasma atomic emission spectrometry for direct determination of heavy metals in soil. Talanta 2020; 219:121348. [PMID: 32887076 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, electromagnetic heating was firstly explored as sample introduction approach in portable microplasma-atomic emission spectrometer to achieve the direct, rapid analysis of soil sample. The device primarily consists of an electromagnetic heating unit, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) excitation source and an optical signal acquisition unit. A W-boat was used as an electromagnetic heating medium and sample carrier, and copper coil spiraled around the tube was used as magnetic induction coil. With applying a voltage on copper coil, W-boat was electromagnetically heated to vaporize analyte-containing species for sample introduction into the microplasma. The portable battery-powered device is controlled by a miniature touch screen computer with the main advantages of small size (40.5 cm (l) × 30 cm (w) × 15 cm (h).), light weight (less than 7 kg), low-power consumption (the average power consumption is 118 W). By this method, Hg, Cd and Pb in soil were simultaneously analyzed within 4 min. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection for Hg, Cd and Pb in soils were 8.0 μg/kg, 17.8 μg/kg and 3.5 mg/kg, respectively, meeting the requirements for environmental quality standards for soils of China. Different types of CRM soils were analyzed, demonstrating good accuracy, stability and utility of this method. This technique could be a promising and powerful tool for on-site, rapid analysis of heavy metals in soil even other solid samples. Electromagnetic heating mode provides a good alternative for solid sampling to develop portable, miniaturized atomic spectrometers for solid sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Liu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China
| | - Kai Yu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China
| | - Xiangnan Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China
| | - Hengnan Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China
| | - Na Li
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China.
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Rapid determination of cadmium in rice by portable dielectric barrier discharge-atomic emission spectrometer. Food Chem 2019; 310:125824. [PMID: 31732245 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a home-made portable dielectric barrier discharge-atomic emission spectrometer (DBD-AES) was explored to the determination of heavy metal in foodstuffs. A rapid and simple method was developed for Cd determination in rice based on this instrument. Rice was pretreated with diluted acid dissolution without complex operations and apparatus. The detection time by DBD-AES is about 3 min and the total analysis time for rice sample is within 11 min. The effects of some key experiment parameters were investigated. The limit of detection was 11.9 μg kg-1 for Cd in rice, much lower than the maximum allowable level established by EC (200 μg kg-1). The practical performance of this method was demonstrated by analyzing real and CRM rice samples. With the portability of DBD-AES, the method is suitable for rapid and in-field analysis of Cd in rice. It will be a useful tool for the routine analysis of rice.
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Liu H, Gao W, Tian Y, Liu A, Wang Z, Cai Y, Zhao Z. Rapidly detecting tetrabromobisphenol A in soils and sediments by paper spray ionization mass spectrometry combined with isotopic internal standard. Talanta 2019; 191:272-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Li M, Huang S, Xu K, Jiang X, Hou X. Miniaturized point discharge-radical optical emission spectrometer: A multichannel optical detector for discriminant analysis of volatile organic sulfur compounds. Talanta 2018; 188:378-384. [PMID: 30029391 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we proposed a miniaturized point discharge-radical optical emission spectrometer (PD-RES) as a multichannel optical detector for discriminant analysis of various volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs). Under appropriate experimental conditions, the unique molecular emission of CS radical in the vicinity of 257.6 nm was recorded, as well as the atomic emission lines of C at 193.1 nm and 247.8 nm, the molecular emission of C2 radical around 231.5 nm and CN radical nearby 384.8 nm. They were utilized as five optical channels for precise qualification and discrimination. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and principal component analysis (PCA) further demonstrated the robustness of this detector for discriminant analysis: 95 unknown samples from ten typical VOSCs were classified with accuracy of 98.9%. This proposed detector was further successfully applied to the discrimination of different concentrations of CS2 in air samples and two types of isomers (functional group isomer and carbon-chain isomer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Shixu Huang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Kailai Xu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China; Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
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32
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Cai Y, Yu YL, Wang JH. Alternating-Current-Driven Microplasma for Multielement Excitation and Determination by Optical-Emission Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10607-10613. [PMID: 30070828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microplasma optical-emission spectrometry (OES) is a promising technique for developing portable analytical instrumentations for real-time and on-site measurement of trace elemental species. However, its analytical performance is far from satisfactory for multielement analysis. Herein, a miniature OES system is developed for simultaneous multielement analysis with alternating-current-driven microplasma generated on the nozzle of a pneumatic micronebulizer as the excitation source. Because of the strong excitation capability of the microplasma and its sufficient contact with solution, a series of elements, including Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, and Zn, is directly excited in the spray with solution nebulization at a flow rate of 8 μL s-1. The characteristic optical emissions are measured by a charge-coupled-device (CCD) spectrometer. In addition, hydride generation is compatible with the present system, which makes it feasible for the simultaneous excitation of hydrides of As, Ge, Hg, Sb, and Sn by reaction with 0.8% (m/v) NaBH4. The microplasma-OES system exhibits a powerful capability for multielement analysis with favorable limits of detection for the mentioned elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Box 332, Shenyang 110819 , China
| | - Yong-Liang Yu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Box 332, Shenyang 110819 , China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Box 332, Shenyang 110819 , China
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Burhenn S, Kratzer J, Svoboda M, Klute FD, Michels A, Veža D, Franzke J. Spatially and Temporally Resolved Detection of Arsenic in a Capillary Dielectric Barrier Discharge by Hydride Generation High-Resolved Optical Emission Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3424-3429. [PMID: 29457722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A new method for arsenic detection by optical emission spectrometry (OES) is presented. Arsine (AsH3) is generated from liquid solutions by means of hydride generation (HG) and introduced into a capillary dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) where it is atomized and excited. A great challenge in OES is the reduction of the recorded background signal, because it negatively affects the limit of detection (LOD). In conventional DBD/OES methods, the signal intensity of the line of interest, in this case arsenic, is integrated over a long time scale. However, due to the pulsed character of the plasma, the plasma on-time is only a small fraction of the integration time. Therefore, a high amount of noise is added to the actual signal in each discharge cycle. To circumvent this, in the present study the emitted light from the DBD is collected by a fast gated iCCD camera, which is mounted on a modified monochromator. The experimental arrangement enables the recording of the emission signal of arsenic in the form of a monochromatic 2D-resolved picture. The temporal resolution of the iCCD camera in the nanosecond range provides the information at which point in time and how long arsenic is excited in the discharge. With use of this knowledge, it is possible to integrate only the arsenic emission by temporally isolating the signal from the background. With the presented method, the LOD for arsenic could be determined to 93 pg mL-1 with a calibration curve linear over 4 orders of magnitude. As a consequence, the developed experimental approach has a potential for both mechanistic studies of arsine atomization and excitation in DBD plasmas as well as routine applications, in which arsenic determination at ultratrace levels is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Burhenn
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V. , Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11 , 44139 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Jan Kratzer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Veveří 97 , 60200 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Milan Svoboda
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Veveří 97 , 60200 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Felix David Klute
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V. , Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11 , 44139 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Antje Michels
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V. , Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11 , 44139 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Damir Veža
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science , University of Zagreb , Bijenicka 32 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Joachim Franzke
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V. , Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11 , 44139 Dortmund , Germany
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34
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Zheng K, Dolan MJ, Haferl PJ, Badiei H, Jorabchi K. Atmospheric-Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge as an Elemental Ion Source for Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Organochlorines. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2148-2154. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Michael J. Dolan
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Peter J. Haferl
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Hamid Badiei
- PerkinElmer Inc., Woodbridge, ON L4L 8H1, Canada
| | - Kaveh Jorabchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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35
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Han B, Li Y, Qian B, He Y, Peng L, Yu H. A novel liquid chromatography detector based on a dielectric barrier discharge molecular emission spectrometer with online microwave-assisted hydrolysis for determination of dithiocarbamates. Analyst 2018; 143:2790-2798. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00613j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel detector for liquid chromatography (LC) for the determination of dithiocarbamate (DTC) fungicides is presented with a miniaturized dielectric barrier discharge–microplasma molecular emission spectrometer and an online microwave-assisted hydrolysis reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjun Han
- Analysis & Testing Center
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables
- Haikou
- China
| | - Ya Li
- Analysis & Testing Center
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables
- Haikou
- China
| | - Bing Qian
- Analysis & Testing Center
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables
- Haikou
- China
| | - Yan He
- Analysis & Testing Center
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables
- Haikou
- China
| | - Lixu Peng
- Analysis & Testing Center
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables
- Haikou
- China
| | - Huamei Yu
- College of Environment and Plant Protection
- Hainan University
- Haikou
- China
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