1
|
Li X, Wang W, Luo J, Guo L, Zhou Y, Li Y, Chen HX. Comprehensive Glycosylation Characterization of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin by Electron-Activated Dissociation Mass Spectrometry. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04954-y. [PMID: 38743293 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is a glycoprotein that acts as the main hormone involved in regulating red blood cell production to treat anemia caused by chronic kidney disease or chemotherapy, which has three N-glycosylation sites and one O-glycosylation site. It contains a variety of different glycosylation modifications, such as sialyation, O-acetylation on sialic acids, etc., which causes a big challenge for the glycosylation analysis of rhEPO. In this study, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method combined with electron-activated dissociation (EAD) technology was used in qualitative and quantitative characterization of rhEPO N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation in just one injection. The usage of EAD not only generated abundant MS/MS fragment ions of glycopeptides and improved the MS/MS sequence coverage but also preserved the glycan structures in the MS/MS fragment ions and the integrity of the glycosidic bond between the glycans and peptides. Three N-glycosylation sites (N24, N38, and N83) and one O-glycosylation site (S126) of rhEPO samples were successfully identified. Among them, the glycosylation ratios of N24, N38, and N83 sites were 82.7%, 100%, and 100% respectively, and 15, 10, and 12 different N-glycans could be identified at the glycopeptide level. The total average number of sialic acids, N-hydroxyacetylneuraminoic acid, and O-acetylation on sialic acid were 7.28, 4.21, and 0.66 at the intact protein level, respectively. For O-glycosylation site S126, O-glycosylation ratios analyzed at the intact protein level and the glycopeptide level were 80.2% and 80.3%, respectively, and two O-glycans were identified, including Core1_S1 and Core1_S2. This study also compared the difference of the glycans and their relative contents in batch-to-batch rhEPO samples. The results proved that the workflow using EAD fragmentation in LC-MS method could be effectively applied for characterizing the glycosylation analysis of rhEPO samples and batch-to-batch consistency analysis, which would help to reasonably guide the optimization of rhEPO production process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Division of Recombinant Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, 100501, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Wang
- SCIEX, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Luo
- SCIEX, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihai Guo
- SCIEX, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Division of Recombinant Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, 100501, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Li
- SiChuan Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Xu Chen
- SCIEX, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
O’Flaherty R, Amez Martín M, Gardner RA, Jennings PM, Rudd PM, Spencer DIR, Falck D. Erythropoietin N-glycosylation of Therapeutic Formulations Quantified and Characterized: An Interlab Comparability Study of High-Throughput Methods. Biomolecules 2024; 14:125. [PMID: 38254725 PMCID: PMC10813422 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) is a biopharmaceutical frequently used in the treatment of anemia. It is a heavily glycosylated protein with a diverse and complex glycome. EPO N-glycosylation influences important pharmacological parameters, prominently serum half-life. Therefore, EPO N-glycosylation analysis is of the utmost importance in terms of controlling critical quality attributes. In this work, we performed an interlaboratory study of glycoanalytical techniques for profiling and in-depth characterization, namely (1) hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after 2-aminobenzamide labeling (HILIC-FLD(2AB)) and optional weak anion exchange chromatography (WAX) fractionation and exoglycosidase digestion, (2) HILIC-FLD after procainamide labeling (PROC) optionally coupled to electrospray ionization-MS and (3) matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). All techniques showed good precision and were able to differentiate the unique N-glycosylation profiles of the various EPO preparations. HILIC-FLD showed higher precision, while MALDI-TOF-MS covered the most analytes. However, HILIC-FLD differentiated isomeric N-glycans, i.e., N-acetyllactosamine repeats and O-acetylation regioisomers. For routine profiling, HILIC-FLD methods are more accessible and cover isomerism in major structures, while MALDI-MS covers more minor analytes with an attractively high throughput. For in-depth characterization, MALDI-MS and HILIC-FLD(2AB)/WAX give a similar amount of orthogonal information. HILIC-FLD(PROC)-MS is attractive for covering isomerism of major structures with a significantly less extensive workflow compared to HILIC-FLD(2AB)/WAX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Róisín O’Flaherty
- National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Blackrock, A94 X099 Dublin, Ireland (P.M.J.)
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, W23 F2K8 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Manuela Amez Martín
- Ludger Ltd., Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3EB, UK; (M.A.M.); (R.A.G.); (D.I.R.S.)
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A. Gardner
- Ludger Ltd., Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3EB, UK; (M.A.M.); (R.A.G.); (D.I.R.S.)
| | - Patrick M. Jennings
- National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Blackrock, A94 X099 Dublin, Ireland (P.M.J.)
| | - Pauline M. Rudd
- National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Blackrock, A94 X099 Dublin, Ireland (P.M.J.)
| | - Daniel I. R. Spencer
- Ludger Ltd., Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3EB, UK; (M.A.M.); (R.A.G.); (D.I.R.S.)
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cheeseman J, Badia C, Elgood-Hunt G, Gardner RA, Trinh DN, Monopoli MP, Kuhnle G, Spencer DIR, Osborn HMI. Elevated concentrations of Neu5Ac and Neu5,9Ac 2 in human plasma: potential biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:645-654. [PMID: 37991561 PMCID: PMC10788320 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of health conditions affecting the heart and vascular system with very high prevalence and mortality rates. The presence of CVD is characterised by high levels of inflammation which have previously been associated with increased plasma concentrations of N-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). While Neu5Ac has been studied in the context of CVD, Neu5,9Ac2 has not, despite being the second most abundant sialic acid in human plasma. A small-scale pilot study of thirty plasma samples from patients with diagnosed CVD, and thirty age and sex-matched healthy controls, was designed to gain insight into sialic acids as biomarkers for CVD and potential future areas of study. Each sample was assayed for Neu5Ac and Neu5,9Ac2 concentrations. Mean Neu5Ac and Neu5,9Ac2 concentrations were significantly elevated in patients with CVD compared to healthy controls (Neu5Ac: P < 0.001; Neu5,9Ac2: P < 0.04). Receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis indicated that both Neu5Ac and Neu5,9Ac2 have reasonable predictive power for the presence of CVD (Neu5Ac AUC: 0.86; Neu5,9Ac2 AUC: 0.71). However, while Neu5Ac had both good sensitivity (0.82) and specificity (0.81), Neu5,9Ac2 had equivalent specificity (0.81) but very poor sensitivity (0.44). A combination marker of Neu5Ac + Neu5,9Ac2 showed improvement over Neu5Ac alone in terms of predictive power (AUC: 0.93), sensitivity (0.87), and specificity (0.90). Comparison to a known inflammatory marker, high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP: P-value: NS, ROC:0.50) was carried out, showing that both Neu5Ac and Neu5,9Ac2 outperformed this marker. Further to this, hs-CRP values were combined with the three different sialic acid markers to determine any effect on the AUC values. A slight improvement in AUC was noted for each of the combinations, with Neu5Ac + Neu5,9Ac2 + hs-CRP giving the best AUC of 0.97 overall. Thus, Neu5Ac would appear to offer good potential as a predictive marker for the presence of CVD, which the addition of Neu5,9Ac2 predictive power improves, with further improvement seen by the addition of hs-CRP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Cheeseman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
- Ludger Ltd, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3EB, UK
| | | | | | | | - Duong N Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Marco P Monopoli
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Gunter Kuhnle
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AH, UK
| | | | - Helen M I Osborn
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vos GM, Hooijschuur KC, Li Z, Fjeldsted J, Klein C, de Vries RP, Toraño JS, Boons GJ. Sialic acid O-acetylation patterns and glycosidic linkage type determination by ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6795. [PMID: 37880209 PMCID: PMC10600165 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
O-acetylation is a common modification of sialic acids that has been implicated in a multitude of biological and disease processes. A lack of analytical methods that can determine exact structures of sialic acid variants is a hurdle to determine roles of distinct O-acetylated sialosides. Here, we describe a drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometry approach that can elucidate exact O-acetylation patterns as well as glycosidic linkage types of sialosides isolated from complex biological samples. It is based on the use of a library of synthetic O-acetylated sialosides to establish intrinsic collision cross section (CCS) values of diagnostic fragment ions. The CCS values were used to characterize O-acetylated sialosides from mucins and N-linked glycans from biologicals as well as equine tracheal and nasal tissues. It uncovered contrasting sialic acid linkage types of acetylated and non-acetylated sialic acids and provided a rationale for sialic acid binding preferences of equine H7 influenza A viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaёl M Vos
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin C Hooijschuur
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zeshi Li
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Sastre Toraño
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Structural and functional characterisation of a stable, broad-specificity multimeric sialidase from the oral pathogen Tannerella forsythia. Biochem J 2022; 479:1785-1806. [PMID: 35916484 PMCID: PMC9472817 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sialidases are glycosyl hydrolase enzymes targeting the glycosidic bond between terminal sialic acids and underlying sugars. The NanH sialidase of Tannerella forsythia, one of the bacteria associated with severe periodontal disease plays a role in virulence. Here we show that this broad-specificity enzyme (but higher affinity for α2,3 over α2,6 linked sialic acids) digests complex glycans but not those containing Neu5,9Ac. Furthermore we show it to be a highly stable dimeric enzyme and present a thorough structural analysis of the native enzyme in its apo-form and in complex with a sialic acid analogue/ inhibitor (Oseltamivir). We also use non-catalytic (D237A) variant to characterise molecular interactions while in complex with the natural substrates 3- and 6-siallylactose. This dataset also reveals the NanH Carbohydrate Binding Module (CBM, CAZy CBM 93) has a novel fold made of antiparallel beta-strands. The catalytic domain structure contains novel features that include a non-prolyl cis-peptide and an uncommon arginine sidechain rotamer (R306) proximal to the active site. Via a mutagenesis programme, we identified key active site residues (D237, R212 and Y518) and probed the effects of mutation of residues in proximity to the glycosidic linkage within 2,3 and 2,6-linked substrates. These data revealed that mutagenesis of R306 and residues S235 & V236 adjacent to the acid-base catalyst D237 influence the linkage specificity preference of this bacterial sialidase, opening up possibilities for enzyme engineering for glycotechology applications and providing key structural information that for in silico design of specific inhibitors of this enzyme for treatment of periodontitis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Jin M, Kim J, Ha J, Kim A, Lee J, Park CS, Kang M, Kim J, Mun C, Kim J, Kim HH. Identification and quantification of sialylated and core-fucosylated N-glycans in human transferrin by UPLC and LC-MS/MS. Anal Biochem 2022; 647:114650. [PMID: 35331694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Sialylated and core-fucosylated N-glycans in human transferrin (HTF) are used as glycan biomarkers due to their increased or decreased characteristics in certain diseases. However, their absolute quantities remain unclear. In this study, N-glycans of HTF were identified by UPLC and LC-MS/MS using fluorescence tags [2-aminobenzamide (AB) and procainamide (ProA)] and columns [HILIC and anion exchange chromatography-HILIC (AXH)]. The structures of 14 (including five core-fucosylated) N-glycans in total comprising two non-, six mono-, four di-, and two tri-sialylated N-glycans were identified. The quantities (%) of each N-glycan relative to the total N-glycans (100%) were obtained. HILIC and AXH were better for peak identification and separability except for desialylation, respectively. Specifically, sialylated (in ProA-HILIC and ProA-AXH by UPLC or LC-MS/MS) and core-fucosylated (in AB-HILIC and ProA-AXH by UPLC) N-glycans were efficiently identified. Seven neuraminidase-treated (including three core-fucosylated) N-glycans were efficiently identified in ProA-AXH, even their poor separation. Additionally, ProA-AXH was more efficient for the estimation of the absolute quantities of N-glycans from the results of fluorescence intensity (by UPLC) and relative quantity (by LC-MS/MS). These results first demonstrate that ProA is useful for identifying and quantifying sialylated, core-fucosylated, and neuraminidase-treated desialylated N-glycans in HTF using AXH by UPLC and LC/MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Jin
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkwan Ha
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyeon Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeryong Lee
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Soo Park
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kang
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulmin Mun
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Hyung Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee WJ, Oh H, Choi I, Lee K, Shin H, Lee YJ, Park J, Yang YH, Ha GS, Lee DE, Choi KY, Choi E. Differences in Proportion of N-acetyllactosamine and O-acetylated Sialic Acid Have No Significant Effect on the Pharmacokinetics and Biological Activity of Darbepoetin Alfa. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Cheeseman J, Badia C, Thomson RI, Kuhnle G, Gardner RA, Spencer DIR, Osborn H. Quantitative Standards of 4-O acetyl and 9-O acetyl N-acetyl Neuraminic Acid for the Analysis of Plasma and Serum. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100662. [PMID: 34874597 PMCID: PMC9303589 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
N‐Acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid, Neu5Ac) is one of a large, diverse family of nine‐carbon monosaccharides that play roles in many biological functions such as immune response. Neu5Ac has previously been identified as a potential biomarker for the presence and pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and cancer. More recent research has highlighted acetylated sialic acid derivatives, specifically Neu5,9Ac2, as biomarkers for oral and breast cancers, but advances in analysis have been hampered due to a lack of commercially available quantitative standards. We report here the synthesis of 9‐O‐ and 4‐O‐acetylated sialic acids (Neu5,9Ac2 and Neu4,5Ac2) with optimisation of previously reported synthetic routes. Neu5,9Ac2 was synthesised in 1 step in 68 % yield. Neu4,5Ac2 was synthesised in 4 steps in 39 % overall yield. Synthesis was followed by analysis of these standards via quantitative NMR (qNMR) spectroscopy. Their utilisation for the identification and quantification of specific acetylated sialic acid derivatives in biological samples is also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Cheeseman
- University of Reading - Whiteknights Campus: University of Reading, Pharmacy, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Rebecca I Thomson
- University of Reading - Whiteknights Campus: University of Reading, Pharmacy, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | | | - Helen Osborn
- The university of Reading, School of Chemistry, PO Box 224, Whiteknights, RG6 6AD, Reading, UNITED KINGDOM
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cheeseman J, Kuhnle G, Spencer DI, Osborn HM. Assays for the identification and quantification of sialic acids: Challenges, opportunities and future perspectives. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 30:115882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
10
|
Alley W, Tao L, Shion H, Yu YQ, Rao C, Chen W. UPLC-MS assessment on the structural similarity of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) analogues from manufacturers in China for attribute monitoring. Talanta 2020; 220:121335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
11
|
Capdeville P, Martin L, Cholet S, Damont A, Audran M, Ericsson M, Fenaille F, Marchand A. Evaluation of erythropoietin biosimilars Epotin™, Hemax® and Jimaixin™ by electrophoretic methods used for doping control analysis and specific N-glycan analysis revealed structural differences from original epoetin alfa drug Eprex®. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 194:113750. [PMID: 33234415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rEPO) biosimilars are copies of epoetin drugs developed after the first patents ended. However differences in the process of production can result in small structural differences when compared to the reference product. Differences in N-glycosylation profiles are of particular importance for rEPOs, because they can drastically impact the half-life in circulation and activity. Changes of structure can also impact electrophoretic profiles that are used to reveal the presence of a rEPO in a doping control sample. In this study three not well characterized biosimilars were evaluated (Jimaixin™ authorized in China, and Hemax® and Epotin™ authorized in Algeria). As these products could be used for doping, first their EPO profiles were determined using the antidoping methods (electrophoretic separation by the charge (isolectric focusing, IEF-PAGE) or the molecular weight (SDS-PAGE) and specific EPO immunodetection). Compared to the original epoetin alfa Eprex®, it revealed more basic isoforms for Epotin™ and Jimaixin™ after IEF-PAGE and a slightly lower molecular weight after SDS-PAGE in particular for Hemax®. To better understand the reason for these differences, EPO specific N-glycans were evaluated using two complementary approaches: MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with fluorescence detection. All three biosimilars presented a significant decrease in the major glycan forms of Eprex® along with an increase in less complex forms. Jimaixin™ and Epotin™ presented also a lower amount of fully sialylated forms. HILIC method also showed that O-acetylation level of sialic acid residues might vary from one rEPO to the other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Capdeville
- Analyses Department, Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD), Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Laurent Martin
- Analyses Department, Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD), Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sophie Cholet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Annelaure Damont
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Michel Audran
- Analyses Department, Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD), Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Magnus Ericsson
- Analyses Department, Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD), Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Alexandre Marchand
- Analyses Department, Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD), Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pralow A, Cajic S, Alagesan K, Kolarich D, Rapp E. State-of-the-Art Glycomics Technologies in Glycobiotechnology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 175:379-411. [PMID: 33112988 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation affects the properties of biologics; thus regulatory bodies classified it as critical quality attribute and force biopharma industry to capture and control it throughout all phases, from R&D till end of product lifetime. The shift from originators to biosimilars further increases importance and extent of glycoanalysis, which thus increases the need for technology platforms enabling reliable high-throughput and in-depth glycan analysis. In this chapter, we will first summarize on established glycoanalytical methods based on liquid chromatography focusing on hydrophilic interaction chromatography, capillary electrophoresis focusing on multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry focusing on matrix-assisted laser desorption; we will then highlight two emerging technologies based on porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography and on ion-mobility mass spectrometry as both are highly promising tools to deliver an additional level of information for in-depth glycan analysis; additionally we elaborate on the advantages and challenges of different glycoanalytical technologies and their complementarity; finally, we briefly review applications thereof to biopharmaceutical products. This chapter provides an overview of current state-of-the-art analytical approaches for glycan characterization of biopharmaceuticals that can be employed to capture glycoprotein heterogeneity in a biopharmaceutical context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pralow
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Samanta Cajic
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kathirvel Alagesan
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.
- glyXera GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tani J, Ito Y, Tatemichi S, Yamakami M, Fukui T, Hatano Y, Kakimoto S, Kotani A, Sugimura A, Mihara K, Yamamoto R, Tanaka N, Minami K, Takahashi K, Hirato T. Physicochemical and biological evaluation of JR-131 as a biosimilar to a long-acting erythropoiesis-stimulating agent darbepoetin alfa. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231830. [PMID: 32302352 PMCID: PMC7164597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal anemia is predominantly caused by a relative deficiency in erythropoietin (EPO). Conventional treatment for renal anemia includes the use of recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) or a long-acting erythropoiesis-activating agent named darbepoetin alfa, which is a modified rhEPO with a carbohydrate chain structure that differs from native hEPO. We have developed a biosimilar to darbepoetin alfa designated JR-131. Here, we comprehensively compare the physicochemical and biological characteristics of JR-131 to darbepoetin alfa. JR-131 demonstrated similar protein structure to the originator, darbepoetin alfa, by peptide mapping and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Additionally, mass spectroscopic analyses and capillary zone electrophoresis revealed similar glycosylation patterns between the two products. Human bone marrow-derived erythroblasts differentiated and proliferated to form colonies with JR-131 to a similar degree as darbepoetin alfa. Finally, JR-131 stimulated erythropoiesis and improved anemia in rats similarly to darbepoetin alfa. Our data show the similarity in physicochemical and biological properties of JR-131 to those of darbepoetin alfa, and JR-131 therefore represents a biosimilar for use in the treatment of renal anemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junya Tani
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Yae Ito
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Yamakami
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukui
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Yukichi Hatano
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinji Kakimoto
- Research Planning Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kotani
- Research Planning Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Kazutoshi Mihara
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail: (KM); (KM)
| | - Ryuji Yamamoto
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Noboru Tanaka
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Minami
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail: (KM); (KM)
| | | | - Tohru Hirato
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chi B, Veyssier C, Kasali T, Uddin F, Sellick CA. At-line high throughput site-specific glycan profiling using targeted mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:e00424. [PMID: 32071892 PMCID: PMC7016254 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High throughput, site-specific glycan profiling using targeted mass spectrometry. Rapid analysis of glycan profiles directly from culture media. Methodology is fully compatible with automation. Methodology can be integrated into cell line selection and process development. Strategy can be used for multi-attribute product quality screening/monitoring.
Protein post-translational modification (PTM) plays an important role in many biological processes; of which glycosylation is arguably one of the most complex and diverse modifications and is crucial for the safety and efficacy of biotherapeutic proteins. Mass spectrometric characterization of protein glycosylation is well established with clear advantages and disadvantages; on one hand it is precise and information-rich, as well as being relative inexpensive in terms of the reagents and consumables despite the instrumentation cost and, depending on the method, can give site specific information; on the other hand it generally suffers from low throughput, restriction to largely purified samples and is less quantitative, especially for sialylated glycan species. Here, we describe a high throughput, site-specific, targeted mass spectrometric peptide mapping approach to quickly screen/rank candidate production cell lines and culture conditions that give favourable glycosylation profiles directly from conditioned culture media for an Fc-fusion protein. The methodology is fully compatible with automation and combines the speed of ‘top-down’ mass spectrometry with the site-specific information of ‘bottom-up’ mass spectrometry. In addition, this strategy can be used for multi-attribute product quality screening/monitoring as an integral part of cell line selection and process development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bertie Chi
- MedImmune, Milstein Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | | | - Toyin Kasali
- MedImmune, Milstein Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Faisal Uddin
- MedImmune, Milstein Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cowper B, Lavén M, Hakkarainen B, Mulugeta E. Glycan analysis of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 180:113031. [PMID: 31838284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) are a group of therapeutic glycoproteins used to treat anaemia caused by chronic kidney disease or chemotherapy. A variety of ESA products are available in the European Union, including innovator, biosimilar and second-generation medicines. Glycosylation is a critical quality attribute of ESA products, as it has a crucial influence upon in vivo biological activity. In this study, a combination of chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis has been used to characterise and compare the glycosylation profiles of five ESA products; Eprex® (epoetin alfa), NeoRecormon® (epoetin beta), Binocrit® (epoetin alfa biosimilar), Silapo (epoetin alfa biosimilar) and Aranesp® (darbepoetin alfa). The methods utilised include mixed-mode anion-exchange/hydrophilic interaction chromatography (AEX/HILIC-MS) for N-glycan identification and quantitation, and HILIC-MS for O-glycan characterisation. The products exhibit notable differences in N- and O-glycosylation, including attributes such as sialic acid occupation, O-acetylation, N-acetyllactosamine extended antennae and sulphated/penta-sialylated N-glycans, which have the potential to cause divergence of therapeutic potencies. The study highlights the need for continued monitoring of ESA product glycosylation, ideally allied to pharmacological data, in order to ensure consistency and therapeutic equivalence between products and enhance our understanding of ESA structure-activity-relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Cowper
- National Institute for Biological Standards & Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom.
| | - Martin Lavén
- Swedish Medical Products Agency, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 42, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birgit Hakkarainen
- Swedish Medical Products Agency, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 42, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ezra Mulugeta
- Swedish Medical Products Agency, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 42, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liang YF, Liu H, Li H, Gao WY. Determination of the Activity of 1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose 5-Phosphate Synthase by Pre-column Derivatization-HPLC Using 1,2-Diamino-4,5-Methylenedioxybenzene as a Derivatizing Reagent. Protein J 2019; 38:160-166. [PMID: 30707333 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-019-09816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
α-Ketoacids can be determined by HPLC through pre-column derivatization with 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) as a derivatizing reagent. Using this method, the specific activity and the steady-state kinetic of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) were measured. Firstly, DXS substrate pyruvate was derivatized with DMB in acidic solution; then the corresponding quinoxalinone was elucidated by LC-ESI-MS and quantified by HPLC-UV. The optimum derivatization conditions were as follows: aqueous medium at pH 1.0, reaction temperature 80 °C, reaction time 60 min, molar ratio of DMB to pyruvate 10:1. The HPLC was run with isocratic elution using the mixture of methanol and water (60:40, v/v) as a mobile phase. The detective limit and the linear correlation range of the method were 0.05 µM and 0.002-1.0 mM (R = 0.994), respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of six determinations was 2.48%. The steady-state kinetic parameters of DXS for pyruvate determined with the method were identical to the reported data. The established method is a practical route for evaluation of DXS activity, especially in the research and development of DXS inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Heng Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Yun Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Seventeen O-acetylated N-glycans and six O-acetylation sites of Myozyme identified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 169:188-195. [PMID: 30877930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
O-acetylated sialic acid (SA) attached to the N-glycans of therapeutic glycoproteins reportedly inhibit sialidase activity, increase protein half-life, decrease protein antigenicity, and stabilize protein conformation. Recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (Myozyme) is the only drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Pompe disease. In this study, unreported N-glycans containing O-acetylated SA in Myozyme and the relative quantities of total glycans were investigated using liquid chromatography (LC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-high-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The 17 N-glycans (6.4% of total glycans) containing mono-, di-, mono/di-, and di/di-O-acetylated N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) were identified with mass accuracy, glycan-generated fragment ions, and the retention time on an LC column. The analysis of peptides containing mono- and/or di-O-acetylated Neu5Ac ions sorted from all peptides using nano-LC-ESI-HCD-MS/MS confirmed six O-acetylation sites (Asn 140, Asn 233, Asn 390, Asn 470, Asn 652, and Asn 882), at least five of which (Asn 140, Asn 233, Asn 390, Asn 470, and Asn 652) could contribute to the drug efficacy or cellular uptake of Myozyme. This is the first study to identify N-glycans containing O-acetylated Neu5Ac and O-acetylation sites in Myozyme.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) uses small stationary-phase particle size (<2 μm) and high pressure in order to achieve rapid and efficient separations. The speed and high resolution of this method has made it a valuable tool for analyzing the complex glycosylation patterns found in post-translationally modified proteins. This article highlights the differences between UHPLC and HPLC and reviews recent UHPLC applications and developments for detecting glycosylated proteins (e.g., glycomics studies) and characterizing glycosylated pharmaceuticals (e.g., monoclonal antibodies).
Collapse
|
19
|
Comprehensive Physicochemical and Biological Characterization of the Proposed Biosimilar Darbepoetin Alfa, LBDE, and Its Originator Darbepoetin Alfa, NESP ®. BioDrugs 2018; 32:153-168. [PMID: 29556960 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-018-0272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For regulatory approval, the comparability of a biosimilar product to an originator product should be ensured through thorough physicochemical and biological characterization. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the biosimilarity between LBDE, the proposed biosimilar darbepoetin alfa, and NESP®, its originator, we performed a comprehensive physicochemical and biological characterization study. METHODS Primary and higher-order protein structures were analyzed using Lys-C peptide mapping with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), disulfide bond identification, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Glycosylation and isoform distribution were analyzed using MS, LC, and capillary zone electrophoresis. Size variants were evaluated with size-exclusion chromatography-high-performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Biological characterization included binding affinity for human erythropoietin receptor, in vitro cell proliferation, and in vivo potency. Pharmacokinetics (PK) were evaluated using rats through two injection routes. RESULTS Non-reducing and reducing Lys-C peptide mapping showed a highly similar peak profile, confirming that LBDE and NESP® have the same primary structure and disulfide bonds. Glycosylation and isoform analyses showed that the attached N-glycan and O-glycan structures were the same and their relative contents were similar. Spectroscopic analysis of LBDE showed indistinguishable spectra with NESP®. For both LBDE and NESP®, a very small amount of size variants was found in SEC-HPLC, and no minor bands were detected in SDS-PAGE. Furthermore, LBDE did not show any difference with NESP® in the in vitro and in vivo functional analyses. PK parameters of LBDE were in good agreement with those of NESP®. CONCLUSION LBDE shows high similarity to NESP® with regard to structure and function.
Collapse
|
20
|
HappyTools: A software for high-throughput HPLC data processing and quantitation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200280. [PMID: 29979768 PMCID: PMC6034860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is widely used for absolute quantitation. The advent of new columns and HPLC technology has enabled higher sample throughput, and hence, larger scale studies that perform quantitation on different sample types (e.g. healthy controls vs. patients with rheumatoid arthritis) using HPLC are becoming feasible. However, there remains a lack of methods that can analyse the increased number of HPLC samples. To address this in part, the modular toolkit HappyTools has been developed for the high-throughput targeted quantitation of HPLC measurements. HappyTools enables the user to create an automated workflow that includes retention time (tr) calibration, data extraction and the calculation of several quality criteria for data curation. HappyTools has been tested on a biopharmaceutical standard and previously published clinical samples. The results show comparable accuracy between HappyTools, Waters Empower and ThermoFisher Chromeleon. However, HappyTools offered superior precision and throughput when compared with Waters Empower and ThermoFisher Chromeleon. HappyTools is released under the Apache 2.0 license, both the source code and a Windows binary can be freely downloaded from https://github.com/Tarskin/HappyTools.
Collapse
|
21
|
Comprehensive glycan analysis of twelve recombinant human erythropoietin preparations from manufacturers in China and Japan. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 153:214-220. [PMID: 29502007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant, human, erythropoietin (rhEPO) is a glycoprotein hormone which is prescribed throughout the world to treat anaemia caused by chronic kidney disease or chemotherapy. rhEPO is at the forefront of the recent emergence of biosimilar medicines, with numerous products now available worldwide. Due to its complex glycosylation profile, which has a crucial influence upon biological activity, therapeutic rhEPO preparations must be closely monitored to ensure consistency, safety and efficacy. Here, we have compared twelve rhEPO preparations from eleven manufacturers in China and one in Japan, measuring in vivo biological activity and exploring its relationship with glycosylation through sialic acid content determination, isoform distribution via capillary electrophoresis (CE), O-glycan profiling, and N-glycan mapping using a novel anion-exchange/hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry (AEX/HILIC-MS) approach. We observed differences between glycosylation profiles, including the varying occurrence of sialic acid O-acetylation, extension of N-glycan antennae with N-acetyllactosamine units, and the distribution of sialic acids across multi-antennary structures. The presence of unusually high levels of suspected penta- and hexa-anionic N-glycans in several samples is consistent with elevated rhEPO isoform acidity, which is reflected by slightly elevated in vivo bioactivities. This aside, the observed differences in glycosylation profile do not appear to have a significant influence upon biological activity in mice. Nonetheless, with the continued emergence of biosimilars, the study highlights the importance of monitoring glycosylation profiles in biological medicines, in order to detect and account for divergence between products, as well as the presence of unusual or unexpected glycans.
Collapse
|
22
|
Szabo Z, Thayer JR, Reusch D, Agroskin Y, Viner R, Rohrer J, Patil SP, Krawitzky M, Huhmer A, Avdalovic N, Khan SH, Liu Y, Pohl C. High Performance Anion Exchange and Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Approaches for Comprehensive Mass Spectrometry-Based Characterization of the N-Glycome of a Recombinant Human Erythropoietin. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1559-1574. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Szabo
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, California 94088, United States
| | - James R. Thayer
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, California 94088, United States
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 2 Nonnenwald, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Yury Agroskin
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, California 94088, United States
| | - Rosa Viner
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Jeff Rohrer
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 1214 Oakmead Parkway, Sunnyvale, California 94085, United States
| | - Sachin P. Patil
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 1214 Oakmead Parkway, Sunnyvale, California 94085, United States
| | - Michael Krawitzky
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Andreas Huhmer
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Nebojsa Avdalovic
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, California 94088, United States
| | - Shaheer H. Khan
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 180 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, California 94088, United States
| | - Christopher Pohl
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, California 94088, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
O'Flaherty R, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Greville G, Rudd PM, Lauc G. The sweet spot for biologics: recent advances in characterization of biotherapeutic glycoproteins. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 15:13-29. [PMID: 29130774 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1404907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycosylation is recognized as a Critical Quality Attribute for therapeutic glycoproteins such as monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins and therapeutic replacement enzymes. Hence, efficient and quantitative glycan analysis techniques have been increasingly important for their discovery, development and quality control. The aim of this review is to highlight relevant and recent advances in analytical technologies for characterization of biotherapeutic glycoproteins. Areas covered: The review gives an overview of the glycosylation trends of biotherapeutics approved in 2016 and 2017 by FDA. It describes current and novel analytical technologies for characterization of therapeutic glycoproteins and is explored in the context of released glycan, glycopeptide or intact glycoprotein analysis. Ultra performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis technologies are explored in this context. Expert commentary: There is a need for the biopharmaceutical industry to incorporate novel state of the art analytical technologies into existing and new therapeutic glycoprotein workflows for safer and more efficient biotherapeutics and for the improvement of future biotherapeutic design. Additionally, at present, there is no 'gold-standard' approach to address all the regulatory requirements and as such this will involve the use of orthogonal glycoanalytical technologies with a view to gain diagnostic information about the therapeutic glycoprotein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Róisín O'Flaherty
- a NIBRT GlycoScience Group , National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training , Blackrock, Co. Dublin , Ireland
| | | | - Gordon Greville
- a NIBRT GlycoScience Group , National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training , Blackrock, Co. Dublin , Ireland
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- a NIBRT GlycoScience Group , National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training , Blackrock, Co. Dublin , Ireland
| | - Gordan Lauc
- b Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory , 10000 , Zagreb , Croatia.,c Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| |
Collapse
|