1
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Jin C, Cao Z, Zhu HL, Li Z. γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase fluorescence lifetime response probe for precision tumor detection unveiling A549 cancer cell specificity. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 261:116484. [PMID: 38878698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GGT), as a key enzyme, exhibits markedly higher expression levels in tumor cells compared to normal cells. Under normal conditions, γ-GGT activity on the cell membrane is relatively low, but it undergoes a significant upregulation in cancer cells, making it a potential cancer biomarker. Particularly in A549 cells, a prominent cancer cell line, the pronounced upregulation of γ-GGT expression emphasizes its potential as a unique recognition target and a robust marker for A549 cells. This study successfully synthesized a highly selective γ-GGT fluorescent probe, the exhibits commendable sensitivity (LOD = 0.0021U/mL) and selectivity, achieving efficient detection at the cellular level and providing accurate insights into differential expression between normal and cancer cells. The alterations in fluorescence lifetime observed before and after the probe's reaction with γ-GGT serve as a crucial foundation for fluorescence lifetime imaging on living cells. The probe has become a powerful tool for precise localization of tumor cells, particularly demonstrating its capability for specific recognition in A549 cells. Overall, this research highlights the potential of γ-GGT as a target for fluorescent probes, emphasizing its prospects in specific recognition, particularly in A549 cells, with profound implications for advancing early cancer diagnosis and treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhijia Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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2
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Cheng X, Xia T, Sun X, Liang G, Liu X, Liang G. Atg4B and Cathepsin B-Triggered in Situ Luciferin Formation for Precise Cancer Autophagy Bioluminescence Imaging. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2251-2256. [PMID: 38161373 PMCID: PMC10755845 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and progression, but current approaches to visualize it in vivo show limited precision due to their single-analyte-responsive mode. Hence, by simultaneously employing dual autophagy enzymes Atg4B and cathepsin B to trigger the in situ formation of luciferin, we herein propose a strategy for precise autophagy bioluminescence imaging. An Atg4B-responsive peptide Ac-Thr-Phe-Gly-d-Cys (TFGC) and a cathepsin B-activatable compound Ac-Lys-Gly-Arg-Arg-CBT (KGRR-CBT) were rationally designed. During tumor autophagy, these two compounds were uptaken by cancer cells and cleaved by their corresponding enzymes to yield d-cysteine and 2-cyano-6-aminobenzothiazole, respectively, which underwent a CBT-Cys click reaction to yield d-aminoluciferin, turning the bioluminescence "on". The responsiveness of these two compounds toward the two enzymes was tested in vitro, and the ability to turn bioluminescence "on" was validated in living cancer cells and in vivo. We anticipate that our precise autophagy imaging strategy could be further applied for the diagnosis of autophagy-related diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xianbao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical
Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Guowei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical
Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical
Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical
Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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3
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Zeng S, Liu X, Kafuti YS, Kim H, Wang J, Peng X, Li H, Yoon J. Fluorescent dyes based on rhodamine derivatives for bioimaging and therapeutics: recent progress, challenges, and prospects. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5607-5651. [PMID: 37485842 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00799a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Since their inception, rhodamine dyes have been extensively applied in biotechnology as fluorescent markers or for the detection of biomolecules owing to their good optical physical properties. Accordingly, they have emerged as a powerful tool for the visualization of living systems. In addition to fluorescence bioimaging, the molecular design of rhodamine derivatives with disease therapeutic functions (e.g., cancer and bacterial infection) has recently attracted increased research attention, which is significantly important for the construction of molecular libraries for diagnostic and therapeutic integration. However, reviews focusing on integrated design strategies for rhodamine dye-based diagnosis and treatment and their wide application in disease treatment are extremely rare. In this review, first, a brief history of the development of rhodamine fluorescent dyes, the transformation of rhodamine fluorescent dyes from bioimaging to disease therapy, and the concept of optics-based diagnosis and treatment integration and its significance to human development are presented. Next, a systematic review of several excellent rhodamine-based derivatives for bioimaging, as well as for disease diagnosis and treatment, is presented. Finally, the challenges in practical integration of rhodamine-based diagnostic and treatment dyes and the future outlook of clinical translation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaosheng Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yves S Kafuti
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Heejeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Jingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Haidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Engineering for Gastrointestinal Carcinoma, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute), Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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4
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Liu Q, Yuan J, Jiang R, He L, Yang X, Yuan L, Cheng D. γ-Glutamyltransferase-Activatable Fluoro-Photoacoustic Reporter for Highly Sensitive Diagnosis of Acute Liver Injury and Tumor. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2062-2070. [PMID: 36633322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been recognized as an important clinical biomarker that is closely related to many diseases. Visualizing the GGT fluctuation facilitates early disease-related diagnosis and therapy. Herein, an activated probe (NIR-GGT) for the imaging of GGT activity was prepared. The probe consists of a stable NIR fluorophore with the tunable amino group decorated with the γ-glutamate group as a GGT-sensing unit linked by a self-elimination group. NIR-GGT can sensitively recognize GGT and cause a strong turn-on fluorescent and photoacoustic signal. The up-regulation of the GGT expression in acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury was imaged using NIR-GGT. The probe can track changes in the GGT level in the early stages of drug-induced acute liver injury (DIALI) and its remedy process by fluorescent and photoacoustic dual-modality imaging with a high temporal-spatial resolution. NIR-GGT can also be used to differentiate between tumor and para-carcinowa tissues in vivo. The probe may be a potential tool for the diagnosis of early-stage DIALI and accurate tumor resection in the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Clinical Research Institute, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Renfeng Jiang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Longwei He
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Clinical Research Institute, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Clinical Research Institute, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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5
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Zhang L, Ying W, Sheng Z, Lv L, Gao J, Xue Y, Liu L. Bioluminescence imaging of fibroblast activation protein-alpha in vivo and human plasma with highly sensitive probe. Anal Biochem 2022; 655:114859. [PMID: 35988797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein-alpha (FAPα) has emerged as a biomarker of tumor stromal fibroblasts. FAP was overexpressed in stromal fibroblasts of human malignancies and positively correlated with the depth of tumor invasion, lymphatic metastasis, distant metastases, high TNM stage and poor prognosis. However, the circulating FAP levels in the plasma of gastric cancer patients and the relationship between FAP levels and gastric cancer remain unknown. Moreover, probes with super selectivity, extremely high sensitivity, and excellent performance in quantitative detection are still lacking. Herein, we developed the bioluminescent probe BL-FAP for sensitive detection and imaging of endogenous FAP in gastric cancer cells and tissues and plasma from gastric cancer patients. The probe exhibited the high signal-to-noise ratio (15000∼fold), the excellent selectivity (FAP/DPP IV ratio and FAP/PREP ratio = 50000∼ fold), and the high sensitivity (18.1 pg/mL). BL-FAP facilitates monitoring of endogenous FAP in living cells and nude mice bearing MGC-803-luc tumors. More importantly, this probe was successfully applied to the measurement of FAP activity levels in plasma from gastric cancer patients for the first time. A significant enhancement in FAP levels was observed in patients with gastric cancer, suggesting that the FAP level may be a potential diagnostic parameter for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Weiwu Ying
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, PR China
| | - Zhijia Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, PR China
| | - Li Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, PR China
| | - Jian Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, PR China
| | - Yunsheng Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, PR China
| | - Ling Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, PR China
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6
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Zhu J, Zhu R, Miao Q. Polymeric agents for activatable fluorescence, self-luminescence and photoacoustic imaging. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 210:114330. [PMID: 35567882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerous polymeric agents have been widely applied in biology and medicine by virtue of the facile chemical modification, feasible nano-engineering approaches and fine-tuned pharmacokinetics. To endow polymeric imaging agents with ability to monitor and measure subtle molecular or cellular alterations at diseased sites, activatable polymeric probes that can elicit signal changes in response to biomolecular interactions or the analytes of interest have to be developed. Herein, this review aims to provide a systemic interpretation and summarization of the design methodology and imaging utility of recently emerged activatable polymeric probes. An introduction of activatable probes allowing for precise imaging and classification of polymeric imaging agents is reported first. Then, we give a detailed discussion of the contemporary design approaches toward activatable polymeric probes in diverse imaging modes for the detection of various stimuli and their imaging applications. Finally, current challenges and future advances are discussed and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieli Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ran Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qingqing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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7
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Yang X, Qin X, Ji H, Du L, Li M. Constructing firefly luciferin bioluminescence probes for in vivo imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1360-1372. [PMID: 35080225 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01940f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a widely applied visual approach for real-time detecting many physiological and pathological processes in a variety of biological systems. Based on the caging strategy, lots of bioluminescent probes have been well developed. While the targets react with recognizable groups, caged luciferins liberate luciferase substrates, which react with luciferase generating a bioluminescent response. Among the various bioluminescent systems, the most widely utilized bioluminescent system is the firefly luciferin system. The H and carboxylic acid of luciferin are critically caged sites. The introduced self-immolative linker extends the applications of probes. Firefly luciferin system probes have been successfully applied for analyzing physiological processes, monitoring the environment, diagnosing diseases, screening candidate drugs, and evaluating the therapeutic effect. Here, we systematically review the general design strategies of firefly luciferin bioluminescence probes and their applications. Bioluminescence probes provide a new approach for facilitating investigation in a diverse range of fields. It inspires us to explore more robust light emission luciferin and novel design strategies to develop bioluminescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingye Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Xiaojun Qin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Huimin Ji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Lupei Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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8
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Wang X, Gao D, Lu C, Xie M, Lin J, Qiu L. Optimized molecular design of PET probe for the visualization of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity in tumors. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01688e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fluorine-18 labeled probe [18F]JM-10 was rationally designed and optimized, which can self-assemble to generate more rigid and hydrophobic dimers upon response to γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dingyao Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chunmei Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Minhao Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
| | - Ling Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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9
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Yang Y, Zhang M, Zhang W, Chen Y, Zhang T, Chen S, Yuan Y, Liang G, Zhang S. Sensitive sensing of alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity for tumor imaging. Analyst 2022; 147:1544-1550. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00163b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanism of bioluminescence phenomenon of the probe P-Bz-Luc in the presence of ALP or GGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Yang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yinglu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Huangshan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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10
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Usama SM, Inagaki F, Kobayashi H, Schnermann MJ. Norcyanine-Carbamates Are Versatile Near-Infrared Fluorogenic Probes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5674-5679. [PMID: 33844539 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorogenic probes in the near-infrared (NIR) region have the potential to provide stimuli-dependent information in living organisms. Here, we describe a new class of fluorogenic probes based on the heptamethine cyanine scaffold, the most broadly used NIR chromophore. These compounds result from modification of heptamethine norcyanines with stimuli-responsive carbamate linkers. The resulting cyanine carbamates (CyBams) exhibit exceptional turn-ON ratios (∼170×) due to dual requirements for NIR emission: carbamate cleavage through 1,6-elimination and chromophore protonation. Illustrating their utility in complex in vivo settings, a γ-glutamate substituted CyBam was applied to imaging γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity in a metastatic model of ovarian cancer. Overall, CyBams have significant potential to extend the reach of fluorogenic strategies to intact tissue and live animal imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Usama
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Fuyuki Inagaki
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Martin J Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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11
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Huang Z, An R, Wei S, Wang J, Ye D. Noninvasive ratiometric fluorescence imaging of γ-glutamyltransferase activity using an activatable probe. Analyst 2021; 146:1865-1871. [PMID: 33480367 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02232b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is an important aminopeptidase overexpressed in many malignant tumors, and accurate detection of its activity is useful for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Herein, we report a GGT-activatable ratiometric fluorescent probe (1) constructed by covalently linking an 'always-on' BODIPY fluorophore with a GGT-activatable near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent substrate. Upon interaction with GGT, the NIR fluorescence at 735 nm in probe 1 is significantly enhanced, while the fluorescence of BODIPY at 517 nm remains unchanged. Using BODIPY fluorescence as an internal standard, significantly enhanced ratiometric fluorescence between 735 nm and 517 nm could be achieved, allowing accurate detection of the activity of GGT in living subjects independent of probe concentration. We demonstrate that probe 1 is feasible for the evaluation of GGT levels in different tumor cells and differentiation of GGT-positive tumor cells from GGT-negative normal tissue cells. Moreover, probe 1 is further applied for the visualization of tumor via noninvasive ratiometric fluorescence imaging of GGT activity, which could facilitate the detection of GGT-positive tumor tissues and study of GGT-related pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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12
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Li Y, Xue C, Fang Z, Xu W, Xie H. In Vivo Visualization of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Activity with an Activatable Self-Immobilizing Near-Infrared Probe. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15017-15024. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chenghong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhijun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weipan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hexin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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13
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Luo J, Yang J, Li G, Yang S, Zhou Y, Li JB, Huang G, Hu Y, Zou S, Zeng Q, Yang R. Noncovalently Caged Firefly Luciferins Enable Amplifiable Bioluminescence Sensing of Hyaluronidase-1 Activity in Vivo. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1726-1733. [PMID: 32441104 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronidase 1 (Hyal-1) is an important enzyme involved in intracellular hyaluronic acid (HA) catabolism for performing various physiological functions, and its aberrant level is closely associated with many malignant diseases. Bioluminescence imaging is advantageous for monitoring Hyal-1 activity in vivo, but it remains challenging to design an available probe for differentiating Hyal-1 from other isoforms by a traditional strategy that covalently masks the firefly luciferase substrate. Herein, we, for the first time, present a noncovalently caging approach to construct a Hyal-1-specific bioluminogenic nanosensor by entrapping d-luciferin (d-Luc) inside the cholesterylamine-modified HA (CHA) nanoassembly to inhibit the bioluminescence production. When encountered with intracellular Hyal-1, CHA could be fully dissembled to liberate multiple copies of the loaded d-Luc, thereby emitting light by the luciferase-catalyzed bioluminescence reaction. Because of its cascade signal amplification feature, d-Luc@CHA displayed a remarkable "turn-on" response (248-fold) to 5 μg/mL Hyal-1 with a detection limit of 0.07 ng/mL. Importantly, bioluminescence imaging results validated that d-Luc@CHA could be competent for dynamically visualizing endogenous Hyal-1 changes in living cells and animals and possessed the capability of discriminating between normal and cancer cells, thus offering a promising toolbox to evaluate Hyal-1 roles in biological processes as well as to diagnose Hyal-1-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Guangjie Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Bin Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, P. R. China
| | - Ge Huang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
| | - Shuangfa Zou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, P. R. China
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14
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Ye S, Wang S, Gao D, Li K, Liu Q, Feng B, Qiu L, Lin J. A New γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase-Based Intracellular Self-Assembly of Fluorine-18 Labeled Probe for Enhancing PET Imaging in Tumors. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:174-181. [PMID: 31913602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a cell -membrane-associated enzyme which has been recognized as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of many malignant tumors. Herein, we rationally designed a fluorine-18 labeled small-molecule probe, [18F]γ-Glu-Cys(StBu)-PPG(CBT)-AmBF3 (18F-1G), by applying a biocompatible CBT-Cys condensation reaction and ingeniously decorating it with a GGT-recognizable substrate, γ-glutamate (γ-Glu), for enhancing PET imaging to detect GGT level of tumors in living nude mice. The probe had exceptional stability at physiological conditions, but could be efficiently cleaved by GGT, followed by a reduction-triggered self-assembly and formation of nanoparticles (NPs) progressively that could be directly observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In in vitro cell experiments, 18F-1G showed GGT-targeted uptake contrast of 2.7-fold to that of 18F-1 for the detection of intracellular GGT level. Moreover, the higher uptake in GGT overexpressed HCT116 tumor cells (∼4-fold) compared to GGT-deficient L929 normal cells demonstrated that 18F-1G was also capable of distinguishing some tumor cells from normal cells. In vivo PET imaging revealed enhanced and durable radioactive signal in tumor regions after 18F-1G coinjecting with 1G, thus allowing real-time detection of endogenous GGT level with high sensitivity and noninvasive effect. We anticipated that our probe could serve as a new tool to investigate GGT-related diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063 , China
| | - Shijie Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063 , China.,School of Chemical and Material Engineering , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Dingyao Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063 , China.,School of Chemical and Material Engineering , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Ke Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063 , China
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063 , China
| | - Bainian Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Ling Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063 , China.,School of Chemical and Material Engineering , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063 , China
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15
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Abstract
The mercapturic acid pathway is a major route for the biotransformation of xenobiotic and endobiotic electrophilic compounds and their metabolites. Mercapturic acids (N-acetyl-l-cysteine S-conjugates) are formed by the sequential action of the glutathione transferases, γ-glutamyltransferases, dipeptidases, and cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase to yield glutathione S-conjugates, l-cysteinylglycine S-conjugates, l-cysteine S-conjugates, and mercapturic acids; these metabolites constitute a "mercapturomic" profile. Aminoacylases catalyze the hydrolysis of mercapturic acids to form cysteine S-conjugates. Several renal transport systems facilitate the urinary elimination of mercapturic acids; urinary mercapturic acids may serve as biomarkers for exposure to chemicals. Although mercapturic acid formation and elimination is a detoxication reaction, l-cysteine S-conjugates may undergo bioactivation by cysteine S-conjugate β-lyase. Moreover, some l-cysteine S-conjugates, particularly l-cysteinyl-leukotrienes, exert significant pathophysiological effects. Finally, some enzymes of the mercapturic acid pathway are described as the so-called "moonlighting proteins," catalytic proteins that exert multiple biochemical or biophysical functions apart from catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Hanna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M W Anders
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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16
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Zhang L, Shi Y, Sheng Z, Zhang Y, Kai X, Li M, Yin X. Bioluminescence Imaging of Selenocysteine in Vivo with a Highly Sensitive Probe. ACS Sens 2019; 4:3147-3155. [PMID: 31701738 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Selenocysteine (Sec), a vital member of reactive selenium species, is closely implicated in diverse pathophysiological states, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and male infertility. Monitoring Sec in vivo is of significant interest for understanding the physiological roles of Sec and the mechanisms of human diseases associated with abnormal levels of Sec. However, no bioluminescence probe for real-time monitoring of Sec in vivo has been reported. Herein, we present a novel bioluminescent probe BF-1 as an effective tool for the determination of Sec in living cells and in vivo for the first time. BF-1 has advantages of high sensitivity (a detection limit of 8 nM), remarkable bioluminescence enhancement (580-fold), reasonable selectivity, low cytotoxicity, and high signal-to-noise ratio imaging feasibility of Sec in living cells and mice. More importantly, BF-1 affords high sensitivity for monitoring Sec stimulated by Na2SeO3 in tumor-bearing mice. These results demonstrate that our new probe could serve as a powerful tool to selectively monitor Sec in vivo, thus providing a valuable approach for exploring the physiological and pathological functions and anticancer mechanisms of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, PR China
| | - Yanfen Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, PR China
| | - Zhijia Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, PR China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, PR China
| | - Xiaoning Kai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, PR China
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, PR China
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17
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Sensitive and selective SERS probe for detecting the activity of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in serum. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1099:119-125. [PMID: 31986268 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) has attracted considerable attention for its regulatory effect on glutathione metabolism in living organisms; further, its close relationship with physiological dysfunctions such as hepatitis and liver cancers has enhanced its applicability. Therefore, the accurate detection of GGT levels is particularly important for the early diagnosis of diseases. Thus, we herein report the development of a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) probe, namely bis-s,s'-((s)-4,4'-thiolphenylamide-Glu) (b-(s)-TPA-Glu), that comprises of a γ-glutamyl moiety for detection of the GGT activity. In this system, detection was achieved by observing differences in the SERS spectral profiles of the b-(s)-TPA-Glu probe and its corresponding hydrolysis product that resulted from the catalytic action of GGT. This SERS probe system exhibited a high selectivity toward GGT due to a combination of its specific catalytic action and the distinctive spectroscopic fingerprint of the SERS technique. The developed SERS approach was also found to be approximately linear in the range of 0.2-200 U/L, and a limit of detection of 0.09 U/L was determined. Furthermore, the proposed SERS method was suitable for detection of the GGT activity of clinical serum samples and also for evaluation of the inhibitors of GGT. Consequently, this approach is considered to be a promising diagnostic and drug screening tool for GGT-associated diseases.
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18
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Ni Y, Hai Z, Zhang T, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhang S, Liang G. Cathepsin B Turning Bioluminescence “On” for Tumor Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14834-14837. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhan Ni
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zijuan Hai
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 110 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yanyun Yang
- Center of Advanced Analysis & Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Center of Advanced Analysis & Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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19
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Li Q, Zeng J, Miao Q, Gao M. Self-Illuminating Agents for Deep-Tissue Optical Imaging. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:326. [PMID: 31799247 PMCID: PMC6861855 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical imaging plays an indispensable role in biology and medicine attributing to its noninvasiveness, high spatiotemporal resolution, and high sensitivity. However, as a conventional optical imaging modality, fluorescence imaging confronts issues of shallow imaging depth due to the need for real-time light excitation which produces tissue autofluorescence. By contrast, self-luminescence imaging eliminates the concurrent light excitation, permitting deeper imaging depth and higher signal-to-background ratio (SBR), which has attracted growing attention. Herein, this review summarizes the progress on the development of near-infrared (NIR) emitting self-luminescence agents in deep-tissue optical imaging with highlighting the design principles including molecular- and nano-engineering approaches. Finally, it discusses current challenges and guidelines to develop more effective self-illuminating agents for biomedical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qingqing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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20
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An R, Wei S, Huang Z, Liu F, Ye D. An Activatable Chemiluminescent Probe for Sensitive Detection of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Activity in Vivo. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13639-13646. [PMID: 31560193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activatable chemiluminescent probes that show enhanced chemiluminescence upon interaction with a molecular target of interest have offered promising tools for sensing and bioimaging in terms of low background, high sensitivity, and improved penetration depth in biological tissues. Here, we reported a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activatable chemiluminescent probe for real-time detection of GGT activity in vitro and in living mice. The probe was designed by caging an electron-withdrawing acrylic group-substituted Schaap's phenoxy-dioxetane with a GGT-recognitive substrate (γ-Glu) and a self-immolative linker (p-aminobenzyl alcohol), which was initially chemiluminescence off. Upon interaction with GGT, strong chemiluminescence with a more than 800-fold turn-on ratio could be achieved in aqueous solution, allowing to specifically detect GGT activity with ultrahigh signal-to-background ratio and sensitivity in vitro and in live cells. We demonstrated that the probe was reliable to quantify the GGT in serum, permitting to accurately report the elevated levels of GGT in lipopolysaccharide-treated mouse serum. Moreover, through real-time chemiluminescence imaging of GGT activity, the designed probe was feasible to detect GGT-positive tumors in living mice after intravenous systemic administration. This study demonstrates the high potential of GGT-activatable chemiluminescent probe for serum assays and molecular imaging, which might find wide applications in diagnosis of GGT-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing An
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Shixuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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21
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Min SH, French AR, Trull KJ, Tat K, Varney SA, Tantama M. Ratiometric BRET Measurements of ATP with a Genetically-Encoded Luminescent Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E3502. [PMID: 31405152 PMCID: PMC6721044 DOI: 10.3390/s19163502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Luciferase-based reporters provide a key measurement approach in a broad range of applications, from in vitro high-throughput screening to whole animal imaging. For example, luminescence intensity is widely used to measure promoter activity, protein expression levels, and cell growth. However, luminescence intensity measurements are subject to quantitative irregularities caused by luminescence decay and variation in reporter expression level. In contrast, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) sensors provide the advantages of luciferase-based reporters but overcome the aforementioned irregularities because of the inherently ratiometric readout. Here, we generated a new ratiometric BRET sensor of ATP (ARSeNL-ATP detection with a Ratiometric mScarlet-NanoLuc sensor), and we demonstrated that it provides a stable and robust readout across protein, cell, and whole animal tissue contexts. The ARSeNL sensor was engineered by screening a color palette of sensors utilizing variants of the high photon flux NanoLuc luciferase as donors and a panel of red fluorescent proteins as acceptors. We found that the novel combination of NanoLuc and mScarlet exhibited the largest dynamic range, with a 5-fold change in the BRET ratio upon saturation with ATP. Importantly, the NanoLuc-mScarlet BRET pair provided a large spectral separation between luminescence emission channels that is compatible with green and red filter sets extensively used in typical biological microscopes and animal imaging systems. Using this new sensor, we showed that the BRET ratio was independent of luminescence intensity decay and sensor expression level, and the BRET ratio faithfully reported differences in live-cell energy metabolism whether in culture or within mouse tissue. In particular, BRET analyte sensors have not been used broadly in tissue contexts, and thus, in principle, our sensor could provide a new tool for in vivo imaging of metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hong Min
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Hall for Discovery Learning 399, Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, 207 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Alexander R French
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Hall for Discovery Learning 399, Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, 207 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Keelan J Trull
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kiet Tat
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - S Ashley Varney
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mathew Tantama
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Hall for Discovery Learning 399, Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, 207 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA.
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22
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Zhang Y, Zhang G, Yang P, Moosa B, Khashab NM. Self-Immolative Fluorescent and Raman Probe for Real-Time Imaging and Quantification of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Living Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:27529-27535. [PMID: 31290645 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing over-expressed enzymes or biomarkers in living cells is critical for the molecular understanding of disease pathology and consequently for designing precision medicines. Herein, a "switch-on" probe is designed to selectively detect γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in living cells via a unique ensemble of enhanced fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In the presence of GGT, the γ-glutamyl bond in the probe molecule is cleaved, thereby activating a fluorescent probe molecule as well as a Raman reporter molecule. Consequently, the detection of GGT is achieved based on both plasmonic fluorescent enhancement and SERS with a detection limit as low as 1.2 × 10-3 U/L (normal range for GGT levels in the blood is 9-48 U/L). The main advantage of this platform is that on the occasion of fluorescence signal interference, especially in the presence of free metal ions in cells, the SERS signals still hold high stability as a backup. This work highlights the benefits of the marriage of two complimentary sensing techniques into one platform that can overcome the major obstacles of detection of real-time biomarkers and imaging in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Gengwu Zhang
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Peng Yang
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Basem Moosa
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Niveen M Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
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23
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Zhou X, Liu Y, Liu Q, Yan L, Xue M, Yuan W, Shi M, Feng W, Xu C, Li F. Point-of-care Ratiometric Fluorescence Imaging of Tissue for the Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer. Theranostics 2019; 9:4597-4607. [PMID: 31367243 PMCID: PMC6643432 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During a minimally invasive tumor resection procedure, it is still a challenge to rapidly and accurately trace tiny malignant tumors in real time. Fluorescent molecular imaging is considered an efficient method of localizing tumors during surgery due to its high sensitivity and biosafety. On the basis of the fact that γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is overexpressed in ovarian cancer, we herein designed a highly sensitive ratiometric fluorescent GGT-responsive probe Py-GSH for rapid tumor detection. Methods: The GGT response probe (Py-GSH) was constructed by using GSH group as a response group and pyrionin B as a fluorescent reporter. Py-GSH was characterized for photophysical properties, response speed and selectivity of GGT and response mechanism. The anti-interference ability of ratiometric probe Py-GSH to probe concentration and excitation power was evaluated both in vitro and in tissue. The biocompatibility and toxicity of the ratiometric probe was examined using cytoxicity test. The GGT levels in different lines of cells were determined by ratiometric fluorescence imaging and cytometry analysis. Results: The obtained probe capable to rapidly monitored GGT activity in aqueous solution with 170-fold ratio change. By ratiometric fluorescence imaging, the probe Py-GSH was also successfully used to detect high GGT activity in solid tumor tissues and small peritoneal metastatic tumors (~1 mm in diameter) in a mouse model. In particular, this probe was further used to determine whether the tissue margin following clinical ovarian cancer surgery contained tumor. Conclusion: In combination of ratiometric fluorescence probes with imaging instrument, a point-of-care imaging method was developed and may be used for surgical navigation and rapid diagnosis of tumor tissue during clinical tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Institute of Biomedicine Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Institute of Biomedicine Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases & Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Luzhe Yan
- The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Meng Xue
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Institute of Biomedicine Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Institute of Biomedicine Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mei Shi
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Institute of Biomedicine Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Institute of Biomedicine Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases & Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Fuyou Li
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Institute of Biomedicine Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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24
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Yeh HW, Ai HW. Development and Applications of Bioluminescent and Chemiluminescent Reporters and Biosensors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2019; 12:129-150. [PMID: 30786216 PMCID: PMC6565457 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although fluorescent reporters and biosensors have become indispensable tools in biological and biomedical fields, fluorescence measurements require external excitation light, thereby limiting their use in thick tissues and live animals. Bioluminescent reporters and biosensors may potentially overcome this hurdle because they use enzyme-catalyzed exothermic biochemical reactions to generate excited-state emitters. This review first introduces the development of bioluminescent reporters, and next, their applications in sensing biological changes in vitro and in vivo as biosensors. Lastly, we discuss chemiluminescent sensors that produce photons in the absence of luciferases. This review aims to explore fundamentals and experimental insights and to emphasize the yet-to-be-reached potential of next-generation luminescent reporters and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Wei Yeh
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA;
| | - Hui-Wang Ai
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA;
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25
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Liu J, Cheng K, Yang C, Zhu J, Shen C, Zhang X, Liu X, Yang G. Application of Triarylboron Substituted with Cyclic Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic Acid Motifs as a Multivalent Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Tumor Imaging in Vivo. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6340-6344. [PMID: 30977997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Detection of cancer in its early stages is difficult, and this is a major issue that impairs the timely diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Integrin αVβ3 is expressed on tumoral endothelial cells, as well as other tumor cells. By functionalizing the triarylboron (TAB) compound with multiple cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (cRGD) motifs, which specifically bind to integrin αVβ3, a multivalent two-photon fluorescent probe TAB-3-cRGD was designed and chemically synthesized. Through cell imaging experiments, we showed that TAB-3-cRGD can selectively bind to integrin αVβ3 on the cell surface and can effectively distinguish normal cells from tumor cells overexpressing integrin αVβ3. Using a mouse model, we also showed that TAB-3-cRGD could target the tumor site in vivo, offering a promising tool for cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging , Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine , North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging , Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine , North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China
| | - Chenwu Yang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging , Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine , North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging , Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine , North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China
| | - Chengyi Shen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging , Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine , North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging , Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine , North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China.,Department of Radiology , Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan 637000 , China
| | - Xuan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University of Science and Technology , Xiangtan , Hunan 411201 , China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
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26
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Hai Z, Ni Y, Saimi D, Yang H, Tong H, Zhong K, Liang G. γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase-Triggered Intracellular Gadolinium Nanoparticle Formation Enhances the T 2-Weighted MR Contrast of Tumor. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2428-2433. [PMID: 30856326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is advantageous in the diagnosis of deep internal cancers, but contrast agents (CAs) are always needed to improve MRI sensitivity. Gadolinium (Gd)-based agents are routinely used as T1-dominated CAs in clinic but using intracellularly formed Gd nanoparticles to enhance the T2-weighted MRI of tumor in vivo at high magnetic field has not been reported. Herein, we rationally designed a "smart" Gd-based probe Glu-Cys(StBu)-Lys(DOTA-Gd)-CBT (1), which was subjected to γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) cleavage and an intracellular CBT-Cys condensation reaction to form Gd nanoparticles (i.e., 1-NPs) to enhance the T2-weighted MR contrast of tumor in vivo at 9.4 T. Living cell experiments indicated that the 1-treated HeLa cells had an r2 value of 27.8 mM-1 s-1 and an r2/r1 ratio of 10.6. MR imaging of HeLa tumor-bearing mice indicated that the T2 MR contrast of the tumor enhanced 28.6% at 2.5 h post intravenous injection of 1. We anticipate that our probe 1 could be employed for T2-weighted MRI diagnosis of GGT-related cancers in the future when high magnetic field is available in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Hai
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology , Anhui University , 110 Jiulong Road , Hefei , Anhui 230601 , China
| | - Yanhan Ni
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Dilizhatai Saimi
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Hongyi Yang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 350 Shushanhu Road , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
| | - Haiyang Tong
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 350 Shushanhu Road , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
| | - Kai Zhong
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 350 Shushanhu Road , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
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27
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Liu H, Liu F, Wang F, Yu RQ, Jiang JH. A novel mitochondrial-targeting near-infrared fluorescent probe for imaging γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in living cells. Analyst 2019; 143:5530-5535. [PMID: 30298150 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01460d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays an essential role in regulating cellular glutathione and cysteine homeostasis, and its abnormal elevation is associated with different diseases including cancers. Here a novel mitochondrial-targeting near-infrared fluorescent probe was designed for GGT by conjugating glutamate acid to a newly synthesized amine hemicyanine fluorophore. The fluorescent probe was initially non-emissive due to the formation of an amide bond which destroyed the electronic-donating ability of the amine moiety and disrupted the push-pull structure. GGT-mediated cleavage of the γ-glutamyl bond regenerated the initial fluorophore with distinct intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and activated the fluorescence signal. The fluorescent probe displayed a linear relationship to the concentration of GGT in the range of 1.0-90 U L-1, with an estimated limit of detection (LOD) of 0.4 U L-1. Its ability to target and image mitochondrial GGT activity was demonstrated in living cells with high specificity and fast response. We believe our near-infrared fluorescent probe could have great potential in imaging mitochondrial GGT activity and elucidating GGT-associated pathological consequences in living cells and even small animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
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28
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Guo D, Gan ZF, Jiang L, Cao MF, Patrice FT, Hafez ME, Li DW. Detection of leucine aminopeptidase activity in serum using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2019; 144:1394-1400. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an02182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A specific reaction-based SERS approach was developed for the selective and sensitive detection of leucine aminopeptidase activity in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Zhen-Fei Gan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Mao-Feng Cao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Fato Tano Patrice
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Mahmoud Elsayed Hafez
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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29
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Miao Q, Pu K. Organic Semiconducting Agents for Deep-Tissue Molecular Imaging: Second Near-Infrared Fluorescence, Self-Luminescence, and Photoacoustics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801778. [PMID: 30058244 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging has played a pivotal role in biology and medicine, but it faces challenges of relatively low tissue penetration and poor signal-to-background ratio due to light scattering and tissue autofluorescence. To overcome these issues, second near-infrared fluorescence, self-luminescence, and photoacoustic imaging have recently emerged, which utilize an optical region with reduced light-tissue interactions, eliminate real-time light excitation, and detect acoustic signals with negligible attenuation, respectively. Because there are only a few endogenous molecules absorbing or emitting above the visible region, development of contrast agents is essential for those deep-tissue optical imaging modalities. Organic semiconducting agents with π-conjugated frameworks can be synthesized to meet different optical imaging requirements due to their easy chemical modification and legible structure-property relation. Herein, the deep-tissue optical imaging applications of organic semiconducting agents including small-molecule agents and nanoparticle derivatives are summarized. In particular, the molecular engineering and nanoformulation approaches to further improve the tissue penetration and detection sensitivity of these optical imaging modalities are highlighted. Finally, current challenges and potential opportunities in this emerging subfield of biomedical imaging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Miao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
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30
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Shi J, Deng Q, Li Y, Zheng M, Chai Z, Wan C, Zheng Z, Li L, Huang F, Tang B. A Rapid and Ultrasensitive Tetraphenylethylene-Based Probe with Aggregation-Induced Emission for Direct Detection of α-Amylase in Human Body Fluids. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13775-13782. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ya Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhaofei Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chuyun Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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31
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Luo Z, An R, Ye D. Recent Advances in the Development of Optical Imaging Probes for γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase. Chembiochem 2018; 20:474-487. [PMID: 30062708 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a cell-membrane-bound protease that participates in cellular glutathione and cysteine homeostasis, which are closely related to many physiological and pathological processes. The accurate measurement of GGT activity is useful for the early diagnosis of diseases. In the past few years, many efforts have been made to build optical imaging probes for the detection of GGT activity both in vitro and in vivo. In this Minireview, recent advances in the development of various optical imaging probes for GGT, including activatable fluorescence probes, ratiometric fluorescence probes, and activatable bioluminescence probes, are summarized. This review starts from the instruction of the GGT enzyme and its biological functions, followed by a discussion of activatable fluorescence probes that show off-on fluorescence in response to GGT. GGT-activatable two-photon fluorescence imaging probes with improved imaging depth and spatial resolution are also discussed. Ratiometric fluorescence probes capable of accurately reporting on GGT levels through a self-calibration mechanism are discussed, followed by describing GGT-activatable bioluminescence probes that can offer a high signal-to-background ratio to detect GGT in living mice. Finally, current challenges and further perspectives for the development of molecular imaging probes for GGT are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ruibing An
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
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32
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Liu T, Yan QL, Feng L, Ma XC, Tian XG, Yu ZL, Ning J, Huo XK, Sun CP, Wang C, Cui JN. Isolation of γ-Glutamyl-Transferase Rich-Bacteria from Mouse Gut by a Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe with Large Stokes Shift. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9921-9928. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qiu-Long Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiang-Ge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhen-Long Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jing Ning
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jing-Nan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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33
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Li L, Shi W, Wu X, Li X, Ma H. In vivo tumor imaging by a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-activatable near-infrared fluorescent probe. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6771-6777. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Liu F, Wang Z, Wang W, Luo JG, Kong L. Red-Emitting Fluorescent Probe for Detection of γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase and Its Application of Real-Time Imaging under Oxidative Stress in Cells and in Vivo. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7467-7473. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenli Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
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35
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Zhao X, Lv G, Peng Y, Liu Q, Li X, Wang S, Li K, Qiu L, Lin J. Targeted Delivery of an Activatable Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Furin Activity in Living Cells. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1060-1065. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Zhao
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Gaochao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Ying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Xi Li
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Ling Qiu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; Wuxi 214063 China
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36
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Zhang M, Wang L, Zhao Y, Wang F, Wu J, Liang G. Using Bioluminescence Turn-On To Detect Cysteine in Vitro and in Vivo. Anal Chem 2018; 90:4951-4954. [PMID: 29606000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) is an essential amino acid and plays important roles in many biological processes. Bioluminescence (BL) is advantageous in sensitivity but BL probes that were intentionally developed for the selective detection of Cys were rarely reported. Herein, employing a fast conjugate addition between Cys and acrylic ester, we synthesized a caged BL probe acrylic ester luciferin (1) and used it to selectively detect Cys in vitro and image Cys in living cells and in tumor sites. We envision that, in the future, probe 1 might be used for evaluating the Cys roles in more biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , Huangshan Road , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Yangyang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , Huangshan Road , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, Department of Liver Transplantation Center of The First Affiliated Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , 140 Hanzhong Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210029 , China
| | - Jindao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation of Ministry of Public Health, Department of Liver Transplantation Center of The First Affiliated Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , 140 Hanzhong Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210029 , China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
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37
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Shi B, Zhang Z, Jin Q, Wang Z, Tang J, Xu G, Zhu T, Gong X, Tang X, Zhao C. Selective tracking of ovarian-cancer-specific γ-glutamyltranspeptidase using a ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7439-7443. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01735b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Real-time tracking of GGT enzymatic activity in human ovarian cancer cells is a reliable method for accurate prediction of cancer diagnosis and management.
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