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Dewey H, Mahmood N, Abello SM, Sultana N, Jones J, Gluck JM, Budhathoki-Uprety J. Development of Optical Nanosensors for Detection of Potassium Ions and Assessment of Their Biocompatibility with Corneal Epithelial Cells. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:27338-27348. [PMID: 38947780 PMCID: PMC11209934 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Imbalance of potassium-ion levels in the body can lead to physiological dysfunctions, which can adversely impact cardiovascular, neurological, and ocular health. Thus, quantitative measurement of potassium ions in a biological system is crucial for personal health monitoring. Nanomaterials can be used to aid in disease diagnosis and monitoring therapies. Optical detection technologies along with molecular probes emitting within the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range are advantageous for biological measurements due to minimal interference from light scattering and autofluorescence within this spectral window. Herein, we report the development of NIR fluorescent nanosensors, which can quantitatively detect potassium ions under biologically relevant conditions. The optical nanosensors were developed by using photoluminescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) encapsulated in polymers that contain potassium chelating moieties. The nanosensors, polystyrene sulfonate [PSS-SWCNTs, nanosensor 1 (NS1)] or polystyrene-co-polystyrene sulfonate [PS-co-PSS-SWCNTs, nanosensor 2 (NS2)], exhibited dose-dependent optical responses to potassium ion level. The nanosensors demonstrated their biocompatibility via the evaluation of cellular viability, proliferation assays, and expression of cytokeratin 12 in corneal epithelial cells (CEpiCs). Interestingly, the nanosensors' optical characteristics and their responses toward CEpiCs were influenced by encapsulating polymers. NS2 exhibited a 10 times higher fluorescence intensity along with a higher signal-to-noise ratio as compared to NS1. NS2 showed an optical response to potassium ion level in solution within 5 min of addition and a limit of detection of 0.39 mM. Thus, NS2 was used for detailed investigations including potassium ion level detection in serum. NS2 showed a consistent response to potassium ions at the lower millimolar range in serum. These results on optical sensing along with biocompatibility show a great potential for nanotube sensors in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sofia Mariapaz Abello
- Department of Textile Engineering,
Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Nigar Sultana
- Department of Textile Engineering,
Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jaron Jones
- Department of Textile Engineering,
Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jessica M. Gluck
- Department of Textile Engineering,
Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Januka Budhathoki-Uprety
- Department of Textile Engineering,
Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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2
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Veverka M, Menozzi L, Yao J. The sound of blood: photoacoustic imaging in blood analysis. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2023; 18:100219. [PMID: 37538444 PMCID: PMC10399298 DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2023.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood analysis is a ubiquitous and critical aspect of modern medicine. Analyzing blood samples requires invasive techniques, various testing systems, and samples are limited to relatively small volumes. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a novel imaging modality that utilizes non-ionizing energy that shows promise as an alternative to current methods. This paper seeks to review current applications of PAI in blood analysis for clinical use. Furthermore, we discuss obstacles to implementation and future directions to overcome these challenges. Firstly, we discuss three applications to cellular analysis of blood: sickle cell, bacteria, and circulating tumor cell detection. We then discuss applications to the analysis of blood plasma, including glucose detection and anticoagulation quantification. As such, we hope this article will serve as inspiration for PAI's potential application in blood analysis and prompt further studies to ultimately implement PAI into clinical practice.
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3
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Zhao SH, Liu L, Sun XR, Yu LJ, Ding CG. A cyanine dye probe for K + detection based on DNA construction of G-quadruplex. ANAL SCI 2023:10.1007/s44211-023-00325-5. [PMID: 37231185 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Potassium ion (K+) plays an important role in the maintenance of cellular biological process for human health. Thus, the detection of K+ is very important. Here, based on the interaction between thiamonomethinecyanine dye and G-quadruplex formation sequence (PW17), K+ detection spectrum was characterized by UV-Vis spectrometry. The single-stranded sequence of PW17 can fold into G-quadruplex in the presence of K+. PW17 can induce a dimer-to-monomer transition of the absorption spectrum of cyanine dyes. This method shows high specificity against some other alkali cations, even at high concentrations of Na+. Further, this detection strategy can realize the detection of K+ in tap water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Zhao
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Healthy, NHC, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Lu Liu
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xiao-Ran Sun
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Li-Jia Yu
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Healthy, NHC, Beijing, 102308, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory for Engineering Control of Dust Hazard, Beijing, 102308, China.
| | - Chun-Guang Ding
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Healthy, NHC, Beijing, 102308, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory for Engineering Control of Dust Hazard, Beijing, 102308, China.
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4
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Swartchick CB, Chan J. Leveraging coordination chemistry to visualize metal ions via photoacoustic imaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 74:102312. [PMID: 37146434 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions are indispensable to all living systems owing to their diverse roles. Perturbation of metal homeostasis have been linked to many pathological conditions. As such, visualizing metal ions in these complex environments are of utmost importance. Photoacoustic imaging is a promising modality that combines the sensitivity of fluorescence to the superior resolution of ultrasound, through a light-in sound-out process, making it an appealing modality for metal ion detection in vivo. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the development of photoacoustic imaging probes for in vivo detection of metal ions, such as potassium, copper, zinc, and palladium. In addition, we provide our perspective and outlook on the exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea B Swartchick
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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5
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Du X, Li N, Chen Q, Wu Z, Zhai J, Xie X. Perspective on fluorescence cell imaging with ionophore-based ion-selective nano-optodes. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:031301. [PMID: 35698631 PMCID: PMC9188459 DOI: 10.1063/5.0090599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic ions are ubiquitous in all kinds of cells with highly dynamic spatial and temporal distribution. Taking advantage of different types of fluorescent probes, fluorescence microscopic imaging and quantitative analysis of ion concentrations in cells have rapidly advanced. A family of fluorescent nanoprobes based on ionophores has emerged in recent years with the potential to establish a unique platform for the analysis of common biological ions including Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, and so on. This article aims at providing a retrospect and outlook of ionophore-based ion-selective nanoprobes and the applications in cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Niping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qinghan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zeying Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
| | - Jingying Zhai
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
| | - Xiaojiang Xie
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
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6
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Liao Y, Jing T, Zhang F, He P. In Situ Monitoring of Extracellular K + Using the Potentiometric Mode of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy with a Carbon-Based Potassium Ion-Selective Tip. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4078-4086. [PMID: 35213803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The expression of potassium channels can be related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Their change would affect K+ outflow. Thus, in situ monitoring of extracellular K+ shows a great significance. Herein, the dual-functional K+ ion-selective electrode as the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) tip (K+-ISE SECM tip) has been developed for in situ monitoring of the extracellular K+. Based on multi-wall carbon nanotubes as a transduction layer, the K+-ISE SECM tip realizes both the plotting of approach curves to position the tip for in situ detection and the recording of potential responses. It shows a near Nernstian response, good selectivity, and excellent stability. Based on these characteristics, it was used to in situ monitor K+ concentrations ([K+]o) of three breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and SK-BR-3 cells) at 3 μm above the cell, and [K+]o of MDA-MB-231 cells show the highest value, followed by MCF-7 cells and SK-BR-3 cells. K+ outflow induced by electrical stimulation or pH changes of the culture environment (Δ[K+]o) was further determined, and the possible mechanism of K+ outflow was investigated with 4-aminopyridin (4-AP). MCF-7 cells present the largest value of Δ[K+]o, followed by MDA-MB-231 cells and SK-BR-3 cells at all the stimulation potentials, and pH 6.50 shows the greatest impact on K+ outflow of the three cell lines. The pretreatment of 4-AP changed K+ outflow, probably due to the regulation of voltage-gated channels. These findings provide insight into a deep understanding of the microenvironment influence on K+ outflow, thereby reflecting the possible mechanism of potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Liao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Ting Jing
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Pingang He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
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7
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Zhao Z, Swartchick CB, Chan J. Targeted contrast agents and activatable probes for photoacoustic imaging of cancer. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:829-868. [PMID: 35094040 PMCID: PMC9549347 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00771d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has emerged as a powerful technique for the high resolution visualization of biological processes within deep tissue. Through the development and application of exogenous targeted contrast agents and activatable probes that can respond to a given cancer biomarker, researchers can image molecular events in vivo during cancer progression. This information can provide valuable details that can facilitate cancer diagnosis and therapy monitoring. In this tutorial review, we provide a step-by-step guide to select a cancer biomarker and subsequent approaches to design imaging agents for in vivo use. We envision this information will be a useful summary to those in the field, new members to the community, and graduate students taking advanced imaging coursework. We also highlight notable examples from the recent literature, with emphasis on the molecular designs and their in vivo PA imaging performance. To conclude, we provide our outlook and future perspective in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Chelsea B. Swartchick
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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8
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Ionophore-Based Potassium Selective Fluorescent Organosilica Nano-Optodes Containing Covalently Attached Solvatochromic Dyes. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanoprobes containing ionophores and solvatochromic dyes (SDs) were previously reported as an alternative to chromoionophore-based nano-optodes. However, the small-molecular SDs are prone to leakage and sequestration in complex samples. Here, we chemically attached the SDs to the surface of organosilica nanospheres through copper-catalyzed Click chemistry to prevent dye leakage. The nano-optodes remained well responsive to K+ even after exposure to a large amount of cation-exchange resin, which acted as a sink of the SDs. The potassium nanoprobes exhibited a dynamic range between 1 μM to 10 mM and a good selectivity thanks to valinomycin. Preliminary sensing device based on a nylon filter paper and agarose hydrogel was demonstrated. The results indicate that the covalent anchoring of SDs on nanospheres is promising for developing ionophore-based nanoprobes.
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9
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Sharma R, Geranpayehvaghei M, Ejeian F, Razmjou A, Asadnia M. Recent advances in polymeric nanostructured ion selective membranes for biomedical applications. Talanta 2021; 235:122815. [PMID: 34517671 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nano structured ion-selective membranes (ISMs) are very attractive materials for a wide range of sensing and ion separation applications. The present review focuses on the design principles of various ISMs; nanostructured and ionophore/ion acceptor doped ISMs, and their use in biomedical engineering. Applications of ISMs in the biomedical field have been well-known for more than half a century in potentiometric analysis of biological fluids and pharmaceutical products. However, the emergence of nanotechnology and sophisticated sensing methods assisted in miniaturising ion-selective electrodes to needle-like sensors that can be designed in the form of implantable or wearable devices (smartwatch, tattoo, sweatband, fabric patch) for health monitoring. This article provides a critical review of recent advances in miniaturization, sensing and construction of new devices over last decade (2011-2021). The designing of tunable ISM with biomimetic artificial ion channels offered intensive opportunities and innovative clinical analysis applications, including precise biosensing, controlled drug delivery and early disease diagnosis. This paper will also address the future perspective on potential applications and challenges in the widespread use of ISM for clinical use. Finally, this review details some recommendations and future directions to improve the accuracy and robustness of ISMs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Sharma
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Marzieh Geranpayehvaghei
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-175, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 73441-81746, Iran
| | - Amir Razmjou
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 73441-81746, Iran; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; UNESCO Center for Membrane Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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10
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Pan T, Shen M, Shi J, Ning J, Su F, Liao J, Tian Y. Intracellular potassium ion fluorescent nanoprobes for functional analysis of hERG channel via bioimaging. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B: CHEMICAL 2021; 345:130450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.130450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
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11
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Hu X, Li F, Xia F, Wang Q, Lin P, Wei M, Gong L, Low LE, Lee JY, Ling D. Dynamic nanoassembly-based drug delivery system (DNDDS): Learning from nature. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113830. [PMID: 34139254 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic nanoassembly-based drug delivery system (DNDDS) has evolved from being a mere curiosity to emerging as a promising strategy for high-performance diagnosis and/or therapy of various diseases. However, dynamic nano-bio interaction between DNDDS and biological systems remains poorly understood, which can be critical for precise spatiotemporal and functional control of DNDDS in vivo. To deepen the understanding for fine control over DNDDS, we aim to explore natural systems as the root of inspiration for researchers from various fields. This review highlights ingenious designs, nano-bio interactions, and controllable functionalities of state-of-the-art DNDDS under endogenous or exogenous stimuli, by learning from nature at the molecular, subcellular, and cellular levels. Furthermore, the assembly strategies and response mechanisms of tailor-made DNDDS based on the characteristics of various diseased microenvironments are intensively discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of DNDDS are briefly commented.
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12
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Ning J, Liu H, Sun X, Song G, Shen M, Liao J, Su F, Tian Y. Rational Design of a Polymer-Based Ratiometric K + Indicator for High-Throughput Monitoring Intracellular K + Fluctuations. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1731-1739. [PMID: 35014519 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Highly selective fluorescent K+ sensors are of great importance for monitoring K+ fluctuations in various biological processes. In particular, highly efficient ratiometric K+ sensors that can emit in dual wavelengths and facilitate the quantitative determination of K+ are highly anticipated. Herein, we present the first polymer-based ratiometric fluorescent K+ indicator (PK1) for quantitatively detecting K+ in aqueous solutions and high-throughput monitoring K+ fluctuations in living cells. PK1 was synthesized by conjugating a small molecular K+ probe and a red emission reference dye to a hydrophilic polymer skeleton. The newly synthesized PK1 can form highly stable nanoparticles in aqueous solutions and work in 100% water without the aid of any organic solvents or surfactants. PK1 is sensitive to K+ with a fluorescence enhancement of sevenfold after interactions with K+ at 1000 mM and inert to other metal ions, physiological pH, or dye concentration vibrations. More importantly, the fluorescence intensity ratio at 572 and 638 nm is linearly correlated with log [K+] in the range of 2-500 mM (R2 = 0.998), which will facilitate the quantitative detection of K+. Practical application of PK1 in detecting different K+-rich samples demonstrates its great potential in quantitative detection of K+. PK1 can be quickly internalized by live cells and shows no obvious cytotoxicity. We also demonstrate that PK1 could be used for monitoring K+ fluctuations under different stimulations by using a confocal microscope and especially a microplate reader, which is high throughput and time saving. The rational design of PK1 will broaden the design concept of ratiometric fluorescent K+ sensors and facilitate the quantitative detection of K+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juewei Ning
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongtian Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiangzhong Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guangjie Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianxiang Liao
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - Fengyu Su
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanqing Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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13
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Zhang YJ, Guo L, Yu YL, Wang JH. Photoacoustic-Based Miniature Device with Smartphone Readout for Point-of-Care Testing of Uric Acid. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15699-15704. [PMID: 33263986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Real-time and rapid detection of various biomarkers in body fluids has important significance for early disease diagnosis, efficient monitoring of treatment, and evaluation of prognosis. However, traditional detection methods not only require bulky and costly instruments but also are not suitable for the analysis of heterogeneous samples (e.g., serum and urine), limiting their applications in point-of-care testing (POCT). Herein, an integrated photoacoustic (PA) device with a smartphone as the acoustic signal readout has been constructed, greatly reducing the volume and cost of the instrument, and providing a potential miniature platform for POCT of clinical samples. By exploiting the electron transfer product of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) (i.e., TMB++) as the PA probe and hemin-graphene oxide (H-GO) complex as the peroxidase, quantitative analysis of uric acid was successfully performed by using only 30 μL of a sample solution. Due to the favorable stability of artificial enzymes, reaction reagents could be effectively embedded in agar gel to make a portable "test strip". Therefore, operators just need to drop clinical samples on the "test strip" for PA analysis, which is user friendly without requiring complex sample preparation steps. In addition, since the acoustic change mainly comes from the PA effect, it has a lower background signal than UV-vis and fluorescence analysis, greatly improving the analytical performance. The simplicity, low cost, and broad adaptability make this miniature PA device attractive for on-site detection, particularly in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yong-Liang Yu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
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14
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Wang Z, Detomasi TC, Chang CJ. A dual-fluorophore sensor approach for ratiometric fluorescence imaging of potassium in living cells. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1720-1729. [PMID: 34163931 PMCID: PMC8179100 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03844j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium is the most abundant intracellular metal in the body, playing vital roles in regulating intracellular fluid volume, nutrient transport, and cell-to-cell communication through nerve and muscle contraction. On the other hand, aberrant alterations in K+ homeostasis contribute to a diverse array of diseases spanning cardiovascular and neurological disorders to diabetes to kidney disease to cancer. There is an unmet need for studies of K+ physiology and pathology owing to the large differences in intracellular versus extracellular K+ concentrations ([K+]intra = 150 mM, [K+]extra = 3–5 mM). With a relative dearth of methods to reliably measure dynamic changes in intracellular K+ in biological specimens that meet the dual challenges of low affinity and high selectivity for K+, particularly over Na+, currently available fluorescent K+ sensors are largely optimized with high-affinity receptors that are more amenable for extracellular K+ detection. We report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of Ratiometric Potassium Sensor 1 (RPS-1), a dual-fluorophore sensor that enables ratiometric fluorescence imaging of intracellular potassium in living systems. RPS-1 links a potassium-responsive fluorescent sensor fragment (PS525) with a low-affinity, high-selectivity crown ether receptor for K+ to a potassium-insensitive reference fluorophore (Coumarin 343) as an internal calibration standard through ester bonds. Upon intracellular delivery, esterase-directed cleavage splits these two dyes into separate fragments to enable ratiometric detection of K+. RPS-1 responds to K+ in aqueous buffer with high selectivity over competing metal ions and is sensitive to potassium ions at steady-state intracellular levels and can respond to decreases or increases from that basal set point. Moreover, RPS-1 was applied for comparative screening of K+ pools across a panel of different cancer cell lines, revealing elevations in basal intracellular K+ in metastatic breast cancer cell lines vs. normal breast cells. This work provides a unique chemical tool for the study of intracellular potassium dynamics and a starting point for the design of other ratiometric fluorescent sensors based on two-fluorophore approaches that do not rely on FRET or related energy transfer designs. We report a dual-fluorophore approach for ratiometric fluorescent imaging of K+ levels in live cells. Intracellular esterases cleave RPS-1 to detach the K+-responsive fluorophore (PS525) from its internal standard (Coumarin 343).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Tyler C Detomasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA .,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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15
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Ning J, Lin X, Su F, Sun A, Liu H, Luo J, Wang L, Tian Y. Development of a molecular K + probe for colorimetric/fluorescent/photoacoustic detection of K . Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6947-6957. [PMID: 32712812 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02826-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The potassium ion (K+) plays significant roles in many biological processes. To date, great efforts have been devoted to the development of K+ sensors for colorimetric, fluorescent, and photoacoustic detection of K+ separately. However, the development of molecular K+ probes for colorimetric detection of urinary K+, monitoring K+ fluxes in living cells by fluorescence imaging, and photoacoustic imaging of K+ dynamics in deep tissues still remains an open challenge. Herein, we report the first molecular K+ probe (NK2) for colorimetric, fluorescent, and photoacoustic detection of K+. NK2 is composed of 2-dicyanomethylene-3-cyano-4,5,5-trimethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran (TCF) as the chromophore and phenylazacrown-6-lariat ether (ACLE) as the K+ recognition unit. Predominate features of NK2 include a short synthetic procedure, high K+ selectivity, large detection range (5-200 mM), and triple-channel detection manner. NK2 shows good response to K+ with obvious color changes, fluorescence enhancements (about threefold), and photoacoustic intensity changes. The existence of other metal ions (including Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+) and pH changes (6.5-9.0) have no obvious influence on K+ sensing of NK2. Portable test strips stained by NK2 can be used to qualitatively detect urinary K+ by color changes for self-diagnosis of diseases induced by high levels of K+. NK2 can be utilized to monitor K+ fluxes in living cells by fluorescent imaging. We also find its excellent performance in photoacoustic imaging of different K+ concentrations in the mouse ear. NK2 is the first molecular K+ probe for colorimetric, fluorescent, and photoacoustic detection of K+ in urine, in living cells, and in the mouse ear. The development of NK2 will broaden K+ probes' design and extend their applications to different fields. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juewei Ning
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiangwei Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Yuexing Yi Dao, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Fengyu Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Aihui Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongtian Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jingdong Luo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lidai Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China. .,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Yuexing Yi Dao, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| | - Yanqing Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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16
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Li Y, Feng J, Huang Y, Qin Y, Jiang D, Chen HY. Upconverting ion-selective nanoparticles for the imaging of intracellular calcium ions. Analyst 2020; 145:4768-4771. [PMID: 32538398 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00454e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Upconverting ion-selective nanoparticles that emit light at the near-infrared region are prepared here. The transport of calcium ions induces the deprotonation of the incorporated chromoionophore (P6) through ion exchange resulting in an increase in the emission of UCNPs for the detection of intracellular calcium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210092, China.
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17
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Tan JWY, Folz J, Kopelman R, Wang X. In vivo photoacoustic potassium imaging of the tumor microenvironment. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:3507-3522. [PMID: 33014547 PMCID: PMC7510904 DOI: 10.1364/boe.393370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of potassium (K+) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been recently shown to inhibit immune cell efficacy, and thus immunotherapy. Despite the abundance of K+ in the body, few ways exist to measure it in vivo. To address this technology gap, we combine an optical K+ nanosensor with photoacoustic (PA) imaging. Using multi-wavelength deconvolution, we are able to quantitatively evaluate the TME K+ concentration in vivo, and its distribution. Significantly elevated K+ levels were found in the TME, with an average concentration of approximately 29 mM, compared to 19 mM found in muscle. These PA measurements were confirmed by extraction of the tumor interstitial fluid and subsequent measurement via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel W Y Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jeff Folz
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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18
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Wang R, Du X, Ma X, Zhai J, Xie X. Ionophore-based pH independent detection of ions utilizing aggregation-induced effects. Analyst 2020; 145:3846-3850. [PMID: 32293619 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00486c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ionophores have been integrated into various electrochemical and optical sensing platforms for the selective detection of ions. Previous ionophore-based optical sensors rely on a H+ chromoionophore as the signal transducer and consequently, suffered from a pH cross-response. pH independent methods were proposed very recently by utilizing the solvatochromic dyes or the exhaustive mode. Here, we report a pH independent sensing principle based on nanospheres containing ionophores. As the ion-exchange occurs, the signal transducer undergoes aggregation-induced emission (AIE) or aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), leading to a dramatic change in fluorescence intensity. The principle was evaluated on different ionophores including those selective for K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Pb2+. The nanospheres were also introduced into microfluidic chips and successfully applied for the determination of sodium and potassium ion concentrations in diluted blood serum and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xili Xueyuan Blvd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Jo J, Lee CH, Folz J, Tan JW, Wang X, Kopelman R. In Vivo Photoacoustic Lifetime Based Oxygen Imaging with Tumor Targeted G2 Polyacrylamide Nanosonophores. ACS NANO 2019; 13:14024-14032. [PMID: 31820930 PMCID: PMC7203680 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Lifetime imaging methods using phosphorescence quenching by oxygen for molecular oxygen concentration measurement have been developed and used for noninvasive oxygen monitoring. This study reports photoacoustic (PA) oxygen imaging powered by polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel nanoparticles (NP) which offer advantages including improved biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and active tumor targeting. A known oxygen indicator, oxyphor G2, was conjugated with the matrix of the NPs, giving G2-PAA NPs, followed by PEGylation for biocompatibility and F3 surface modification for tumor targeting. Using two lasers providing pump and probe pulses, respectively, PA imaging was performed so as to quantitatively map the oxygen concentration in biological tissues in vivo, including cancer tumors and normal thigh muscles. Furthermore, via the imaging at the pump wavelength and two additional wavelengths, the accumulation of the G2-PAA NPs in the tumors were also determined. The successful imaging experiment accomplished on animal models renders a method for in vivo noninvasive imaging and assessment of hypoxic tumor microenvironments, which is critical for assessing cancer progression, metastasis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janggun Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Chang Heon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Jeff Folz
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Joel W.Y. Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
- Corresponding Authors Drs. Wang and Kopelman are corresponding authors. Xueding Wang, PhD - . Telephone: 734-647-2728.; Raoul Kopelman, PhD - . Telephone: 734-764-7541
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Corresponding Authors Drs. Wang and Kopelman are corresponding authors. Xueding Wang, PhD - . Telephone: 734-647-2728.; Raoul Kopelman, PhD - . Telephone: 734-764-7541
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20
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Chen Q, Li X, Wang R, Zeng F, Zhai J, Xie X. Rapid Equilibrated Colorimetric Detection of Protamine and Heparin: Recognition at the Nanoscale Liquid–Liquid Interface. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10390-10394. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghan Chen
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fanxin Zeng
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou 635000, China
| | - Jingying Zhai
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaojiang Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
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21
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Rong G, Tuttle EE, Neal Reilly A, Clark HA. Recent Developments in Nanosensors for Imaging Applications in Biological Systems. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2019; 12:109-128. [PMID: 30857408 PMCID: PMC6958676 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sensors are key tools for monitoring the dynamic changes of biomolecules and biofunctions that encode valuable information that helps us understand underlying biological processes of fundamental importance. Because of their distinctive size-dependent physicochemical properties, materials with nanometer scales have recently emerged as promising candidates for biological sensing applications by offering unique insights into real-time changes of key physiological parameters. This review focuses on recent advances in imaging-based nanosensor developments and applications categorized by their signal transduction mechanisms, namely, fluorescence, plasmonics, MRI, and photoacoustics. We further discuss the synergy created by multimodal nanosensors in which sensor components work based on two or more signal transduction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Rong
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| | - Erin E Tuttle
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ashlyn Neal Reilly
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| | - Heather A Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jingying Zhai
- SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaojiang Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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23
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Morales J, Pawle RH, Akkilic N, Luo Y, Xavierselvan M, Albokhari R, Calderon IAC, Selfridge S, Minns R, Takiff L, Mallidi S, Clark HA. DNA-Based Photoacoustic Nanosensor for Interferon Gamma Detection. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1313-1322. [PMID: 30973005 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tracking protein levels in the body is vital in both research and medicine, where understanding their physiological roles provides insight into their regulation in homeostasis and diseases. In medicine, protein levels are actively sampled since they continuously fluctuate, reflecting the status of biological systems and provide insight into patient health. One such protein is interferon gamma, a clinically relevant protein with immunoregulatory functions that play critical roles against infection. New tools for continuously monitoring protein levels in vivo are invaluable in monitoring real-time conditions of patients to allow better care. Here, we developed a DNA-based nanosensor for the photoacoustic detection of interferon gamma. This work demonstrates how we transformed a simple DNA motif, receptors, and a novel phthalocyanine dye into a proof-of-concept photoacoustic nanosensor for protein detection. Surface plasmon resonance kinetic analysis demonstrated that the nanosensor is responsive and reversible to interferon gamma with an affinity in the nanomolar range, KD1 = 167 nM and KD2 = 316 nM. As a reporter, our design includes a novel phthalocyanine-based photoacoustic dye that stacks in a J-aggregate, causing a 22.5% increase in signal. Upon receptor binding, the DNA structure bends to induce phthalocyanine dye stacking, resulting in a 55% increase in photoacoustic signal in the presence of 10 μM interferon gamma. This proof-of-concept nanosensor is a novel approach to the development of a photoacoustic sensor and may be adapted for other proteins of interest in the future for in vivo tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Morales
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States,
| | - Robert H. Pawle
- Akita Innovations LLC, Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States,
| | - Namik Akkilic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States,
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States,
| | - Marvin Xavierselvan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States,
| | - Rayan Albokhari
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States,
| | - Isen Andrew C. Calderon
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States,
| | - Scott Selfridge
- Akita Innovations LLC, Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States,
| | - Richard Minns
- Akita Innovations LLC, Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States,
| | - Larry Takiff
- Akita Innovations LLC, Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States,
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States,
| | - Heather A. Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States,
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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24
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Lee CH, Folz J, Tan JWY, Jo J, Wang X, Kopelman R. Chemical Imaging in Vivo: Photoacoustic-Based 4-Dimensional Chemical Analysis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2561-2569. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang H. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeff Folz
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Joel W. Y. Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Janggun Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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25
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Yang W, Zhai J, Xie X. Rhodamine dye transfer from hydrogel to nanospheres for the chemical detection of potassium ions. Analyst 2019; 144:5617-5623. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01079c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Smart hydrogels incorporating various functional nanomaterials are becoming popular tools for chemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Jingying Zhai
- SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xiaojiang Xie
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
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26
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Jo J, Xu G, Zhu Y, Burton M, Sarazin J, Schiopu E, Gandikota G, Wang X. Detecting joint inflammation by an LED-based photoacoustic imaging system: a feasibility study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-4. [PMID: 30499263 PMCID: PMC6262119 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.11.110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting diode (LED) light sources have recently been introduced to photoacoustic imaging (PAI). The LEDs enable a smaller footprint for PAI systems when compared to laser sources, thereby improving system portability and allowing for improved access. An LED-based PAI system has been employed to identify inflammatory arthritis in human hand joints. B-mode ultrasound (US), Doppler, and PAIs were obtained from 12 joints with clinically active arthritis, five joints with subclinically active arthritis, and 12 normal joints. The quantitative assessment of hyperemia in joints by PAI demonstrated statistically significant differences among the three conditions. The imaging results from the subclinically active arthritis joints also suggested that the LED-based PAI has a higher sensitivity to angiogenic microvascularity compared to US Doppler imaging. This initial clinical study on arthritis patients validates that PAI can be a potential imaging modality for the diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janggun Jo
- University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Guan Xu
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Radiology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Yunhao Zhu
- University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Mary Burton
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Radiology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Jeffrey Sarazin
- University of Michigan Medical School, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Elena Schiopu
- University of Michigan Medical School, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Girish Gandikota
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Radiology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Girish Gandikota, E-mail: ; Xueding Wang, E-mail:
| | - Xueding Wang
- University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Radiology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Girish Gandikota, E-mail: ; Xueding Wang, E-mail:
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27
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Zhu C, Huang M, Lan J, Chung LW, Li X, Xie X. Colorimetric Calcium Probe with Comparison to an Ion-Selective Optode. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12476-12481. [PMID: 31457978 PMCID: PMC6644788 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Design strategies for small molecular probes lay the foundation of numerous synthetic chemosensors. A water-soluble colorimetric calcium molecular probe inspired by the ionophore-based ion-selective optode is presented here with a tunable detection range (around micromolar at pH 7). The binding of Ca2+ resulted in the deprotonation of the probe and thus a significant spectral change, mimicking the ion-exchange process in ion-selective optodes. The 1:1 exchange between Ca2+ and H+ was confirmed with Job's plot. Computational studies revealed possible monomer and dimer forms of the probe-Ca2+ complexes.
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28
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Aggregation induced photoacoustic detection of mercury (Ⅱ) ions using quaternary ammonium group-capped gold nanorods. Talanta 2018; 187:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Zeng L, Ma G, Lin J, Huang P. Photoacoustic Probes for Molecular Detection: Recent Advances and Perspectives. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800782. [PMID: 29873182 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging (PAI) is a noninvasive and nonionizing biomedical imaging modality that combines the advantages of optical imaging and ultrasound imaging. Based on PAI, photoacoustic detection (PAD) is an emerging approach that is involved with the interaction between PA probes and analytes resulting in the changes of photoacoustic signals for molecular detection with rich contrast, high resolution, and deep tissue penetration. This Review focuses on the recent development of PA probes in PAD. The following contents will be discussed in detail: 1) the construction of PA probes; 2) the applications and mechanisms of PAD to different types of analytes, including microenvironments, small biomolecules, or metal ions; 3) the challenges and perspectives of PA probes in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leli Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Gongcheng Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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31
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Tan JWY, Lee CH, Kopelman R, Wang X. Transient Triplet Differential (TTD) Method for Background Free Photoacoustic Imaging. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9290. [PMID: 29915177 PMCID: PMC6006254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the capability of presenting endogenous tissue contrast or exogenous contrast agents in deep biological samples at high spatial resolution, photoacoustic (PA) imaging has shown significant potential for many preclinical and clinical applications. However, due to strong background signals from various intrinsic chromophores in biological tissue, such as hemoglobin, achieving highly sensitive PA imaging of targeting probes labeled by contrast agents has remained a challenge. In this study, we introduce a novel technique called transient triplet differential (TTD) imaging which allows for substantial reduction of tissue background signals. TTD imaging detects directly the triplet state absorption, which is a special characteristic of phosphorescence capable dyes not normally present among intrinsic chromophores of biological tissue. Thus, these triplet state absorption PA images can facilitate "true" background free molecular imaging. We prepared a known phosphorescent dye probe, methylene blue conjugated polyacrylamide nanoparticles, with peak absorption at 660 nm and peak lowest triplet state absorption at 840 nm. We find, through studies on phantoms and on an in vivo tumor model, that TTD imaging can generate a superior contrast-to-noise ratio, compared to other image enhancement techniques, through the removal of noise generated by strongly absorbing intrinsic chromophores, regardless of their identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel W Y Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Chang H Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA. .,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
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Wang L, Xie X, Cao T, Bosset J, Bakker E. Surface-Doped Polystyrene Microsensors Containing Lipophilic Solvatochromic Dye Transducers. Chemistry 2018; 24:7921-7925. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Xiaojiang Xie
- Department of Chemistry; Southern University of Science and Technology; No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Tianchi Cao
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Bosset
- Bioimaging Center; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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Du X, Yang L, Hu W, Wang R, Zhai J, Xie X. A Plasticizer-Free Miniaturized Optical Ion Sensing Platform with Ionophores and Silicon-Based Particles. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5818-5824. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Du
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Liyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - WenChang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingying Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojiang Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
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Du X, Xie X. Non-Equilibrium Diffusion Controlled Ion-Selective Optical Sensor for Blood Potassium Determination. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1410-1414. [PMID: 28949507 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Blood electrolyte measurements play important roles in clinical diagnostics. Optical ion sensors as simple and elegant as a mercury thermometer are in high demand. We present here an analytical method to quantify potassium ions in undiluted human blood and plasma by measuring the distance or the rate of the color propagation. The sensor was composed of K+-selective nanospheres embedded in an agarose hydrogel where mass transport was diffusion controlled. The sensor's color-changing rate and the distance of color propagation depended linearly on the logarithm of K+ activity. A theoretical model was established and fully supported the experimental findings. This work lays the foundation of a new family of optical ion sensors for direct determination of common blood electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Du
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojiang Xie
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging, non-invasive imaging modality that encompasses attributes of both optical and ultrasound imaging. Because of the combination of optical excitation and acoustic detection, PA imaging enables high contrast and high resolution within deep tissue (centimeter depths). Recent advances in PA probe development have allowed for stimulus-responsive imaging in a variety of biological models with implications for basic, translational, and clinical sciences. This perspective highlights recent progress in the development of PA probes and their application to live-animal molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Reinhardt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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