1
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Maiworm E, Wollmann J, Seiler T, Waletzko M, Schulz S. A screening method for heavy metals in consumer goods using reactive desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9757. [PMID: 38693722 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Contamination of everyday goods with heavy metals such as nickel, cadmium, and lead known to be hazardous to the health of customers is an ongoing problem. METHOD Here, a mass spectrometric screening method based on reactive desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is presented for the analysis of metals in consumer goods such as jewelry, tableware, and paintings. The method detects oxidized species of lead, nickel, cadmium, copper, and iron from the surface of objects without sample preparation. Positively charged metal ions form singly and doubly negatively charged complexes with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid added to the DESI solvent, which are analyzed by a mass spectrometer. RESULTS Qualitative and quantitative performance of the method was elucidated with metal salt standards. Subsequently, authentic samples were analyzed qualitatively. Reactive DESI-MS was able to detect lead and cadmium in eight out of nine consumer goods. For tableware, these heavy metals were found to be localized in the print as determined by reactive DESI imaging. In addition, mockup paintings generated from modern and historical pigments of Pb, Cu, Cd, and Fe in various media (acrylic binder, egg tempera, and linseed oil) were measured to show the suitability of the method for art authentication and conservation. CONCLUSION The developed method expands the range of analytes accessible by DESI-MS to metal ions. Hence, DESI becomes a suitable ionization technique for an increasing number of analyte classes, which are of interest in chemical screening of consumer goods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Maiworm
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julius Wollmann
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tim Seiler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Waletzko
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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2
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Ren T, Lin Y, Su Y, Ye S, Zheng C. Machine Learning-Assisted Portable Microplasma Optical Emission Spectrometer for Food Safety Monitoring. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5170-5177. [PMID: 38512240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
To meet the needs of food safety for simple, rapid, and low-cost analytical methods, a portable device based on a point discharge microplasma optical emission spectrometer (μPD-OES) was combined with machine learning to enable on-site food freshness evaluation and detection of adulteration. The device was integrated with two modular injection units (i.e., headspace solid-phase microextraction and headspace purge) for the examination of various samples. Aromas from meat and coffee were first introduced to the portable device. The aroma molecules were excited to specific atomic and molecular fragments at excited states by room temperature and atmospheric pressure microplasma due to their different atoms and molecular structures. Subsequently, different aromatic molecules obtained their own specific molecular and atomic emission spectra. With the help of machine learning, the portable device was successfully applied to the assessment of meat freshness with accuracies of 96.0, 98.7, and 94.7% for beef, pork, and chicken meat, respectively, through optical emission patterns of the aroma at different storage times. Furthermore, the developed procedures can identify beef samples containing different amounts of duck meat with an accuracy of 99.5% and classify two coffee species without errors, demonstrating the great potential of their application in the discrimination of food adulteration. The combination of machine learning and μPD-OES provides a simple, portable, and cost-effective strategy for food aroma analysis, potentially addressing field monitoring of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yao Lin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yubin Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Simin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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3
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de Carvalho Couto C, Corrêa de Souza Coelho C, Moraes Oliveira EM, Casal S, Freitas-Silva O. Adulteration in roasted coffee: a comprehensive systematic review of analytical detection approaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2158865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia de Carvalho Couto
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, the Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Susana Casal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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4
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Ai J, Zhao W, Yu Q, Qian X, Zhou J, Huo X, Tang F. SR-Unet: A Super-Resolution Algorithm for Ion Trap Mass Spectrometers Based on the Deep Neural Network. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17407-17415. [PMID: 37963290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The mass spectrometer is an important tool for modern chemical analysis and detection. Especially, the emergence of miniature mass spectrometers has provided new tools for field analysis and detection. The resolution of a mass spectrometer reflects the ability of the instrument to discriminate between adjacent mass-to-charge ratio ions, and the higher the resolution, the better the discrimination of complex mixtures. Quadrupole ion traps are generally considered as a low-resolution mass spectrometry method, but they have gained wide attention and development in recent years because of their suitability for miniaturization and high qualitative capability. For an ion trap mass spectrometer, the mass sensitivity and resolution can be mutually constrained and need to be balanced by setting an appropriate scanning speed. In this study, a super-resolution U-net algorithm (SR-Unet) is proposed for ion trap mass spectrometry, which can estimate the possible ions from the overlapping ion peaks of low-resolution spectra and improve the equivalent resolution while ensuring sufficient sensitivity and analysis speed of the instrument. By determining the mass spectra of a linear ion trap mass spectrometer (LTQ XL) in Turbo and Normal scan modes, the same unit mass resolution as that at a scan speed of 16,667 Da/s was successfully obtained at 125,000 Da/s. Also, the experiments demonstrated that the algorithm is capable of the mass-to-charge ratio and instrument migration. SR-Unet can be migrated and applied to a miniature mass spectrometer for cruise detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and the identification of VOC species in Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) was improved from 31 to 50 species with the same monitoring and analysis speed requirement. Further, super-unit mass resolution peptide detection was achieved on a miniature mass spectrometer with the help of the SR-Unet algorithm, which reduced the full width at half-maxima (FWHM) of bradykinin divalent ions (m/z 531) from 0.35 to 0.15 Da at a scan speed of 375 Da/s and improved the equivalent resolution to 3540. The proposed method provides a new idea to enhance the field mixture detection capability of miniature ion trap mass spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Ai
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weize Zhao
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Quan Yu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiang Qian
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xinming Huo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Soni K, Frew R, Kebede B. A review of conventional and rapid analytical techniques coupled with multivariate analysis for origin traceability of soybean. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:6616-6635. [PMID: 36734977 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2171961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Soybean has developed a reputation as a superfood due to its nutrient profile, health benefits, and versatility. Since 1960, its demand has increased dramatically, going from a mere 17 MMT to almost 358 MMT in the production year 2021/22. These extremely high production rates have led to lower-than-expected product quality, adulteration, illegal trade, deforestation, and other concerns. This necessitates the development of an effective technology to confirm soybean's provenance. This is the first review that investigates current analytical techniques coupled with multivariate analysis for origin traceability of soybeans. The fundamentals of several analytical techniques are presented, assessed, compared, and discussed in terms of their operating specifics, advantages, and shortcomings. Additionally, significance of multivariate analysis in analyzing complex data has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Soni
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Russell Frew
- Oritain Global Limited, Central Dunedin 9016, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Biniam Kebede
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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6
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Wang J, Pursell ME, DeVor A, Awoyemi O, Valentine SJ, Li P. Portable mass spectrometry system: instrumentation, applications, and path to 'omics analysis. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2200112. [PMID: 36349734 PMCID: PMC10278091 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an information rich analytical technique and plays a key role in various 'omics studies. Standard mass spectrometers are bulky and operate at high vacuum, which hinder their adoption by the broader community and utility in field applications. Developing portable mass spectrometers can significantly expand the application scope and user groups of MS analysis. This review discusses the basics and recent advancements in the development of key components of portable mass spectrometers including ionization source, mass analyzer, detector, and vacuum system. Further, major areas where portable mass spectrometers are applied are also discussed. Finally, a perspective on the further development of portable mass spectrometers including the potential benefits for 'omics analysis is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Madison E. Pursell
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Amanda DeVor
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Olanrewaju Awoyemi
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stephen J. Valentine
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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7
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Creydt M, Fischer M. Food metabolomics: Latest hardware-developments for nontargeted food authenticity and food safety testing. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2334-2350. [PMID: 36104152 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The analytical requirements for food testing have increased significantly in recent years. On the one hand, because food fraud is becoming an ever-greater challenge worldwide, and on the other hand because food safety is often difficult to monitor due to the far-reaching trade chains. In addition, the expectations of consumers on the quality of food have increased, and they are demanding extensive information. Cutting-edge analytical methods are required to meet these demands. In this context, non-targeted metabolomics strategies using mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers (mass spectrometry [MS]) have proven to be very suitable. MS-based approaches are of particular importance as they provide a comparatively high analytical coverage of the metabolome. Accordingly, the efficiency to address even challenging issues is high. A variety of hardware developments, which are explained in this review, have contributed to these advances. In addition, the potential of future developments is highlighted, some of which are currently not yet commercially available or only used to a comparatively small extent but are expected to gain in importance in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Pua A, Goh RMV, Huang Y, Tang VCY, Ee KH, Cornuz M, Liu SQ, Lassabliere B, Yu B. Recent advances in analytical strategies for coffee volatile studies: Opportunities and challenges. Food Chem 2022; 388:132971. [PMID: 35462220 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coffee has attracted significant research interest owing to its complex volatile composition and aroma, which imparts a pleasant sensorial experience that remains challenging to analyse and interpret. This review summarises analytical challenges associated with coffee's volatile and matrix complexity, and recent developments in instrumental techniques to resolve them. The benefits of state-of-the-art analytical techniques applied to coffee volatile analysis from experimental design to sample preparation, separation, detection, and data analysis are evaluated. Complementary method selection coupled with progressive experimental design and data analysis are vital to unravel the increasing comprehensiveness of coffee volatile datasets. Considering this, analytical workflows for conventional, targeted, and untargeted coffee volatile analyses are thus proposed considering the trends towards sorptive extraction, multidimensional gas chromatography, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. In conclusion, no single analytical method addresses coffee's complexity in its entirely, and volatile analysis must be tailored to the key objectives and concerns of the analyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Pua
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Sigapore; Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, S14 Level 5, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Sigapore
| | - Rui Min Vivian Goh
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Sigapore
| | - Yunle Huang
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Sigapore; Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, S14 Level 5, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Sigapore
| | - Vivien Chia Yen Tang
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Sigapore
| | - Kim-Huey Ee
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Sigapore
| | - Maurin Cornuz
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Sigapore
| | - Shao Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, S14 Level 5, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Sigapore.
| | - Benjamin Lassabliere
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Sigapore
| | - Bin Yu
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Sigapore.
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9
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Shi W, Huo X, Ding X, Zhu P, Wan Y, Lu X, Feng R, Yu Q, Wang X. Rapid screening of illegally added drugs in functional food using a miniature ion trap mass spectrometer. Food Chem 2022; 386:132808. [PMID: 35364493 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
With the expansion of the functional food market, the qualification assessment of these products has become a major challenge, and efficient analytical tools are urgently needed. Here, a miniature mass spectrometer (MS) with self-aspiration capillary electrospray ionization (SACESI) source and ion trap analyzer was developed for rapid screening of various illegally added drugs in functional foods. No chromatographic separation was required, but a simplified two-step pretreatment method was developed to reduce the operational procedures and time consumption of the entire analysis. SACESI source uses capillary action to drive solution injection, which utilizes a simple structure and convenient operation to constitute a kind of disposable MS detection solution. To achieve accurate and automatic identification, an intelligent recognition algorithm with steps of spectrum preprocessing, characteristic peak matching, and support vector machine learning was constructed. The relative accuracy of rapid screening of 31 suspicious drugs in various samples is up to 99.78%. It achieves 100% correct identification for the 55 batches of actual samples captured by on-site inspection, which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed analytical system and strategy in food safety applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Shi
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinming Huo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Xinyue Ding
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peiyuan Zhu
- Shenzhen Han Industrial Technologies Co.Ltd., Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yutong Wan
- Shenzhen Chin Instrument Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinqiong Lu
- Shenzhen Chin Instrument Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Quan Yu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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10
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Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Lu J, Wang K, Zhang R, Yu Q. High-Throughput Screening Using a Synchronized Pulsed Self-aspiration Vacuum Electrospray Ionization Miniature Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7417-7424. [PMID: 35533348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With the advantages of rapid analysis, high sensitivity, and multicomponent identification, mass spectrometry (MS) is recognized as an appealing choice for high-throughput screening (HTS) analysis. Aiming at the small size, simple operation, and adequate performance, the development of miniature mass spectrometers has made great progress over the last 2 decades. Besides the essential analytical performance, simple operation and HTS capability are two other crucial features desired in miniature MS instruments. In this paper, an induced self-aspiration vacuum electrospray ionization source (ISA-VESI) was developed and coupled to a miniature ion trap mass spectrometer. A special timing sequence was designed to synchronize all the operation steps in each measurement, including dual-pulse sample injection, multipulse gas injection, MS analysis, and the movement of the homemade HTS platform used as the sampler. Then, the automatic high-throughput analysis of multiple samples can be accomplished with close coordination among the sample delivery, the sample introduction and ionization, and the ion trap operation. The measurement time of each ISA-VESI-MS analysis was about 7 s, with a sample consumption of less than 100 nL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Informatization and Industrialization Integration Research Institute, China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ruina Zhang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Quan Yu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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12
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Guo C, Diao Z, Liu J, Yang B, Zhang J. Quantification and evaluation of ion transmission efficiency in two-stage vacuum chamber miniature mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2022; 57:e4816. [PMID: 35229406 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Miniature mass spectrometer is more compact and portable than traditional commercial mass spectrometry, with more potential for application outside the laboratory. However, a miniature mass spectrometer is less sensitive than a commercial instrument, limiting its application scenarios. The ion transmission efficiency of the instrument is an essential factor affecting the sensitivity. Still, there are few works of literature on the quantitative study of the ion transmission efficiency of each component from a systematic perspective. In this paper, the Faraday cup coupled with a microcurrent signal testing instrument was used to measure the ions generated by nanoelectrospray ionization (nano-ESI), which have successfully gone through several components. Then the ion transmission efficiency of each component was quantified. Results showed that the front lens had the highest ion transmission efficiency of 39.7%, whereas the inlet and skimmer had the lowest ion transfer efficiency of 0.8% and 17.1%. Next, the influence of control parameters on ion transmission efficiency of critical components was investigated. If optimized, the ion funnel and the skimmer had the potential to improve their transmission efficiency by 120% and 79%, respectively. This paper shows the decreasing intensity distribution of ions in the whole transmission process and the transmission efficiency of each component, which can guide for improving the sensitivity of the miniature mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengan Guo
- Shenzhen Chin Instrument Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaoyin Diao
- Suzhou Fortune Precision Instrument Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Jianli Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Baokun Yang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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13
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Li J, Liu J, Wan Y, Wang J, Pi F. Routine analysis of pesticides in foodstuffs: Emerging ambient ionization mass spectrometry as an alternative strategy to be on your radar. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7341-7356. [PMID: 35229702 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2045561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides residues in foodstuffs are longstanding of great concern to consumers and governments, thus reliable evaluation techniques for these residues are necessary to ensure food safety. Emerging ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS), a transformative technology in the field of analytical chemistry, is becoming a promising and solid evaluation technology due to its advantages of direct, real-time and in-situ ionization on samples without complex pretreatments. To provide useful guidance on the evaluation techniques in the field of food safety, we offered a comprehensive review on the AIMS technology and introduced their novel applications for the analysis of residual pesticides in foodstuffs under different testing scenarios (i.e., quantitative, screening, imaging, high-throughput detection and rapid on-site analysis). Meanwhile, the creative combination of AIMS with high-resolution mass analyzer (e.g., orbitrap and time-of-flight) was fundamentally mentioned based on recent studies about the detection and evaluation of multi-residual pesticides between 2015 and 2021. Finally, the technical challenges and prospects associated with AIMS operation in food industry were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuwei Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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14
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Hong Y, Birse N, Quinn B, Montgomery H, Wu D, Rosas da Silva G, van Ruth SM, Elliott CT. Identification of milk from different animal and plant sources by desorption electrospray ionisation high-resolution mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). NPJ Sci Food 2022; 6:14. [PMID: 35149683 PMCID: PMC8837636 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-022-00129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) to analyse and detect and classify biomarkers in five different animal and plant sources of milk for the first time. A range of differences in terms of features was observed in the spectra of cow milk, goat milk, camel milk, soya milk, and oat milk. Chemometric modelling was then used to classify the mass spectra data, enabling unique or significant markers for each milk source to be identified. The classification of different milk sources was achieved with a cross-validation percentage rate of 100% through linear discriminate analysis (LDA) with high sensitivity to adulteration (0.1-5% v/v). The DESI-MS results from the milk samples analysed show the methodology to have high classification accuracy, and in the absence of complex sample clean-up which is often associated with authenticity testing, to be a rapid and efficient approach for milk fraud control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Hong
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Nicholas Birse
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Brian Quinn
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Holly Montgomery
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Di Wu
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Gonçalo Rosas da Silva
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Saskia M van Ruth
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, western, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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15
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Food forensics: techniques for authenticity determination of food products. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 333:111243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Zhou X, Zhang W, Ouyang Z. Recent advances in on-site mass spectrometry analysis for clinical applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022; 149:116548. [PMID: 35125564 PMCID: PMC8802081 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, mass spectrometry (MS) is increasingly attracting interests for clinical applications, which also calls for technical innovations to make a transfer of MS from conventional analytical laboratories to clinics. The system design and analysis procedure should be friendly for novice users and appliable for on-site clinical diagnosis. In addition, the analysis result should be auto-interpreted and reported in formats much simpler than mass spectra. This motivates new ideas for developments in all the aspects of MS. In this review, we report recent advances of direct sampling ionization and miniature MS system, which have been developed targeting clinical and even point-of-care analysis. We also discuss the trend of the development and provide perspective on the technical challenges raised by diseases such as coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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17
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Śliwińska-Bartel M, Burns DT, Elliott C. Rice fraud a global problem: A review of analytical tools to detect species, country of origin and adulterations. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Khodabakhshian R, Bayati MR, Emadi B. An evaluation of IR spectroscopy for authentication of adulterated turmeric powder using pattern recognition. Food Chem 2021; 364:130406. [PMID: 34174644 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Turmeric powder is a widely consumed spice, making it an attractive target for adulteration, which is not easily detected. The study examined the simultaneous use of IR spectroscopy in combination with controlled (PCA) and uncontrolled (PLS-DA and CMCA) pattern recognition techniques to detect and classify Sudan Red, starch and metanil yellow fraud in turmeric powder nondestructively. The results showed that the two major peaks in turmeric powder at 1625 cm-1 and 1600 cm-1 are not present in Sudan Red, starch and metanil yellow because these materials lack this functional group. Data distribution at the two PC locations showed clearly scattered clusters according to the four mixing studied models (turmeric powder, turmeric powder-Sudan Red mixture, turmeric powder-starch mixture and turmeric powder-metanil yellow mixture), but there was a clear overlap between turmeric powder and turmeric powder - Sudan red mixture. Both PLS-DA and SIMCA supervised methods showed satisfactory discrimination. The results also showed that in all the sample groups, when the samples were classified by PLS-DA, the values were higher compared to the SIMCA model. The overall precision of the SIMCA and PLS-DA classifier were 82% and 92%, respectively. However, when considering only two main categories adulterated (the samples at the groups 2, 3 and 4) and pure (the samples at the group 1), an acceptable degree of separation between the resulting classes was obtained. Consequently, IR spectroscopy with pattern recognition methods was found to be a promising tool for nondestructive grouping of turmeric powder samples with different types of adulteration in turmeric powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Khodabakhshian
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Bayati
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bagher Emadi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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19
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Jafari S, Guercetti J, Geballa-Koukoula A, Tsagkaris AS, Nelis JLD, Marco MP, Salvador JP, Gerssen A, Hajslova J, Elliott C, Campbell K, Migliorelli D, Burr L, Generelli S, Nielen MWF, Sturla SJ. ASSURED Point-of-Need Food Safety Screening: A Critical Assessment of Portable Food Analyzers. Foods 2021; 10:1399. [PMID: 34204284 PMCID: PMC8235511 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard methods for chemical food safety testing in official laboratories rely largely on liquid or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Although these methods are considered the gold standard for quantitative confirmatory analysis, they require sampling, transferring the samples to a central laboratory to be tested by highly trained personnel, and the use of expensive equipment. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for portable and handheld devices to provide rapid, efficient, and on-site screening of food contaminants. Recent technological advancements in the field include smartphone-based, microfluidic chip-based, and paper-based devices integrated with electrochemical and optical biosensing platforms. Furthermore, the potential application of portable mass spectrometers in food testing might bring the confirmatory analysis from the laboratory to the field in the future. Although such systems open new promising possibilities for portable food testing, few of these devices are commercially available. To understand why barriers remain, portable food analyzers reported in the literature over the last ten years were reviewed. To this end, the analytical performance of these devices and the extent they match the World Health Organization benchmark for diagnostic tests, i.e., the Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and Robust, Equipment-free, and Deliverable to end-users (ASSURED) criteria, was evaluated critically. A five-star scoring system was used to assess their potential to be implemented as food safety testing systems. The main findings highlight the need for concentrated efforts towards combining the best features of different technologies, to bridge technological gaps and meet commercialization requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiye Jafari
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland;
- CSEM SA, Center Landquart, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302 Landquart, Switzerland; (D.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Julian Guercetti
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (J.G.); (M.-P.M.); (J.-P.S.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadni Geballa-Koukoula
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.-K.); (A.G.); (M.W.N.F.)
| | - Aristeidis S. Tsagkaris
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Dejvice, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (A.S.T.); (J.H.)
| | - Joost L. D. Nelis
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (J.L.D.N.); (C.E.); (K.C.)
| | - M.-Pilar Marco
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (J.G.); (M.-P.M.); (J.-P.S.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J.-Pablo Salvador
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (J.G.); (M.-P.M.); (J.-P.S.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arjen Gerssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.-K.); (A.G.); (M.W.N.F.)
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Dejvice, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (A.S.T.); (J.H.)
| | - Chris Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (J.L.D.N.); (C.E.); (K.C.)
| | - Katrina Campbell
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (J.L.D.N.); (C.E.); (K.C.)
| | - Davide Migliorelli
- CSEM SA, Center Landquart, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302 Landquart, Switzerland; (D.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Loïc Burr
- CSEM SA, Center Landquart, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302 Landquart, Switzerland; (D.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Silvia Generelli
- CSEM SA, Center Landquart, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302 Landquart, Switzerland; (D.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Michel W. F. Nielen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.-K.); (A.G.); (M.W.N.F.)
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shana J. Sturla
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland;
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20
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Lotz F, Baar P, Spengler B, Schulz S. Development of a handheld liquid extraction pen for on-site mass spectrometric analysis of daily goods. Analyst 2021; 146:3004-3015. [PMID: 33949361 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02281k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a handheld liquid extraction pen (LEP) combined with a self-sustaining electrospray ionization platform for ambient mass spectrometry within a laboratory-independent workspace. The LEP enables direct sampling from various surfaces and textures, independent of sample shape without precise sample positioning or dedicated sample preparation. The combination of liquid extraction of analytes through the pen and electrospray ionization (ESI) opens a broad field of applications. Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis is presented for pesticides, plasticizers and drugs which were analyzed from representative consumer goods, such as fruits, toys and pills. Food authentication via metabolomic fingerprinting and multivariate statistics is demonstrated for the analysis of fish fillets and coffee. The LEP source uses a rechargeable battery to power a compressor. Ambient air is used for solvent nebulization in ESI. Through a pressure pump with integrated solvent reservoir, a solvent flow through the LEP and ESI source is generated. Measurement times of more than three hours are possible. The ion source is adaptable to any kind of mass spectrometer equipped with an atmospheric pressure interface. Measurements were performed on orbital trapping instruments and on a miniature mass spectrometer. Coupled to the miniaturized mass spectrometer, the completely portable LEP-MS instrument has dimensions of 48.4 × 27.0 × 18.0 cm (l × w × h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lotz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
| | - Paula Baar
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
| | - Sabine Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
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21
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Shannon M, Ratnasekhar CH, McGrath TF, Kapil AP, Elliott CT. A two-tiered system of analysis to tackle rice fraud: The Indian Basmati study. Talanta 2021; 225:122038. [PMID: 33592762 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Demand for high quality Basmati rice has increased significantly in the last decade. This commodity is highly vulnerable to fraud, especially in the post COVID-19 era. A unique two-tiered analytical system comprised of rapid on-site screening of samples using handheld portable Near-infrared NIR and laboratory confirmatory technique using a Head space gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) strategy for untargeted analysis was developed. Chemometric models built using NIR data correctly predicted nearly 100% of Pusa 1121 and Taraori, two high value types of Basmati, from potential adulterants. Furthermore, rice VOC profile fingerprints showed very good classification (R2 >0.9, Q2 > 0.9, Accuracy > 0.99) for these high quality Basmati varieties from potential adulterant varieties with aldehydes identified as key VOC marker compounds. Using a two-tiered system of a rapid method for on-site screening of many samples alongside a laboratory-based confirmatory method can classify Basmati rice varieties, protecting the supply chain from fraud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Shannon
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, UK.
| | - C H Ratnasekhar
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, UK; Analytical Chemistry, CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow, India
| | - Terence F McGrath
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | | | - Christopher T Elliott
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, UK
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22
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McCullough BJ, Hopley CJ. Results of the first and second British Mass Spectrometry Society interlaboratory studies on ambient mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35 Suppl 2:e8534. [PMID: 31334890 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE As the popularity of ambient ionisation grows, so too does the importance of understanding its capabilities and limitations. The British Mass Spectrometry Society Special Interest Group on Ambient Ionisation has carried out two studies into the use of ambient ionisation, the results of which are presented here. METHODS The first study (study 1) examined the detection and quantitation capabilities of ambient ionisation while the second examined repeatability and robustness. For study 1 participants were sent a range of samples including two calibration sample sets and asked to analyse them. For study 2, two samples containing the same eight-component mixture were provided (one in solvent, one in matrix); participants were asked to analyse these samples multiple times, over multiple days to allow assessment of repeatability. RESULTS Study 1 showed that small, polar compounds were well detected by the participants while lower polarity compounds were less well detected. For many samples the introduction method appeared to be a significant factor in the observed spectra. The quantitation study gave good results but revealed significant variability. For study 2 the mean repeatabilities were 65% in solvent and 88% in matrix. The inclusion of an internal standard was shown to greatly improve repeatability. CONCLUSIONS Ambient ionisation is capable of ionising a wide range of compounds with good precision and excellent repeatability; however, in order to obtain such data care must be taken with the experimental design. The data can be significantly improved with a well-chosen internal standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J McCullough
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC, Queens Road, Teddington, TW11 0LY, UK
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23
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Data processing strategies for non-targeted analysis of foods using liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Chemometric discrimination of Turkish olive oils by variety and region using PCA and comparison of classification viability of SIMCA and PLS-DA. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Abstract
AbstractThere is a growing need for chemical analyses to be performed in the field, at the point of need. Tools and techniques often found in analytical chemistry laboratories are necessary in performing these analyses, yet have, historically, been unable to do so owing to their size, cost and complexity. Technical advances in miniaturisation and liquid chromatography are enabling the translation of these techniques out of the laboratory, and into the field. Here we examine the advances that are enabling portable liquid chromatography (LC). We explore the evolution of portable instrumentation from its inception to the most recent advances, highlighting the trends in the field and discussing the necessary criteria for developing in-field solutions. While instrumentation is becoming more capable it has yet to find adoption outside of research.
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26
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Wang C, Bi H, Xie J. Visualization of the Distance among Fishes by MALDI MS for Rapid Determination of the Taxonomic Status of Fish Fillets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8438-8446. [PMID: 32648743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Taxonomic research plays an important role in the classification of organisms. Molecular techniques provide useful tools for the determination of the taxonomic status of species, although often time-consuming and not cost-efficient. Herein, we developed a strategy to analyze fish samples in a rapid mode. Experimentally, fish fillet samples were pretreated with trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution, and the obtained protein fraction was analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis of mass spectrometric datasets was used to visualize the taxonomical distance among the analyzed 13 seafood species. The results were illustrated using treemaps where the fish relationship distance can be visualized. The obtained mass spectral results can be taken as reference and successfully used for the identification of unknown fish fillet samples. It is promising to utilize the present strategy to provide clues for the taxonomy study among ambiguous species and identify fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Pudong New District, 201306 Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Pudong New District, 201306 Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Pudong New District, 201306 Shanghai, China
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27
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Lin JL, Chu ML, Chen CH. A portable multiple ionization source biological mass spectrometer. Analyst 2020; 145:3495-3504. [PMID: 32186555 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00126k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the past, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI), used for large biomolecule detection, were usually installed in two separate mass spectrometers. In this study, they were equipped in the same mass spectrometer. This portable biological mass spectrometer has multiple ionization capabilities in the same mass spectrometer and shares the same mass analyzer and detector. This mass spectrometer can be operated under low vacuum (∼10-3 Torr) and can use air as the buffer gas. Therefore, the demand for pumping is reduced and rare gas feeding is no longer essential. A small scroll pump, employed to assist a miniature turbo pump, is sufficient to maintain the operational pressure. The mass spectra of biomolecules were obtained using frequency scanning instead of voltage ramping. Therefore, a wider mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) range was achieved. Furthermore, the design also couples a conversion dynode with a channeltron to enhance the mass detection range. This homemade mass spectrometer has the capability to measure charged particles with very large m/z values (m/z > 100 000). The concentrations of the studied compounds (angiotensin, insulin, cytochrome C, bovine serum albumin (BSA), immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin A) are from 5 femtomole to 100 picomole, and the mass resolutions are from 30 to 260. The mass range of this portable mass spectrometer was comparable with a commercial linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer owing to the use of the frequency scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Lee Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Lee Chu
- Institute of physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Qian J, Ruiz-Garcia L, Fan B, Robla Villalba JI, McCarthy U, Zhang B, Yu Q, Wu W. Food traceability system from governmental, corporate, and consumer perspectives in the European Union and China: A comparative review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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29
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Lemos T, Kalivas JH. Self-Optimized One-Class Classification Using Sum of Ranking Differences Combined with a Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5354-5361. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Lemos
- Department of Chemistry, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, United States
| | - John H. Kalivas
- Department of Chemistry, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, United States
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30
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Han C, Choi H, Jo S, Na H, Kim MK, Kim MJ, Lee J. Development of a 3D scanning method to discriminate blocks of Octopus minor with surplus water gain. Food Chem 2020; 303:125414. [PMID: 31473458 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A 3D scanning method was developed to differentiate Octopus minor blocks which had surplus water to increase weight of O. minor. Effects of soaking time (0.5, 1 and 3 h) and apparent density of O. minor were determined using the number of O. minor in a block (4, 5, 6, and 7). A 0.5, 1, and 3 h soaking time increased O. minor weight by 11.85, 16.02, and 24.53%, respectively. Apparent density of non-weight gained O. minor blocks was significantly higher than those of 3 h soaked samples (p < 0.05). A 3D scanning method had limited ability to differentiate 1 h soaked and non-soaked samples, whereas it had high potential to discriminate 3 h soaked samples. Blind test using 25 blocks of O. minor showed that 3D scanning method evaluated 88% of prediction percentage. The total time of 3D scanning took <30 min for one block with a relatively high precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangHee Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| | - HyungSeok Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Food Flavor Sensory Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbeen Jo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Food Flavor Sensory Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Food Flavor Sensory Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina K Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Fermented Food Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ja Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Food Flavor Sensory Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Bussy U, May BR, Olanrewaju Y, Hewitt G, Anderson N, Crozier A, Ottaviani JI, Kwik-Uribe C. Reliable, accessible and transferable method for the quantification of flavanols and procyanidins in foodstuffs and dietary supplements. Food Funct 2020; 11:131-138. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02762a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection for accurate and precise determination of cocoa flavanol monomers and procyanidins in cocoa-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition
- University of California
- Davis
- USA
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32
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Antonucci F, Figorilli S, Costa C, Pallottino F, Raso L, Menesatti P. A review on blockchain applications in the agri-food sector. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6129-6138. [PMID: 31273793 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food security can benefit from the technology's transparency, relatively low transaction costs and instantaneous applications. A blockchain is a distributed database of records in the form of encrypted blocks, or a public ledger of all transactions or digital events that have been executed and shared among participating parties and can be verified at any time in the future. Generally, the robust and decentralized functionality of the blockchain is used for global financial systems, but it can easily be expanded to contracts and operations such as tracking of the global supply chain. In the precision agriculture context, Information and Communications Technology can be further implemented with a blockchain infrastructure to enable new farm systems and e-agriculture schemes. RESULTS The purpose of this review is to show a panorama of the scientific studies (enriched by a terms mapping analysis) on the use of blockchain in the agri-food sector, from both an entirely computational and an applicative point of view. As evidenced by the network analysis, the reviewed studies mainly focused on software aspects (e.g. the architecture and smart contracts). However, some aspects regarding the different blockchain knots (computers always connected to the blockchain network) having the role to store and distribute an updated copy of each block in a food supply-chain, result of crucial importance. CONCLUSION These technologies appear very promising and rich of great potential showing a good flexibility for applications in several sectors but still immature and hard to apply due to their complexity. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Antonucci
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Simone Figorilli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Corrado Costa
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Federico Pallottino
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Monterotondo, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Menesatti
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Monterotondo, Italy
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Vandergrift GW, Gill CG. Paper spray mass spectrometry: A new drug checking tool for harm reduction in the opioid overdose crisis. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2019; 54:729-737. [PMID: 31432563 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fentanyl and related psychoactive substances are at the forefront of the opioid overdose crisis, for which a complete solution is not immediately obvious. Drug testing for harm reduction may be an effective approach to both reduce overdoses and importantly, engage people who use drugs (PWUD) with the medical system. Paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) is an ambient ionization strategy that is uniquely suited to address this complicated analytical task. This perspectives article presents the merits of PS-MS, with a focus upon the current state of its use as a candidate drug checking strategy for harm reduction. PS-MS is inherently sensitive and selective, with detection limits in the picogram range. It requires small drug samples (~1 mg) for quantitative drug testing, critical to encourage pre-consumption measurements by PWUD in the context of a harm reduction strategy. Calibrations obtained in surrogate drug matrices containing highly concentrated primary drugs demonstrate comparable sensitivities, a wide calibration range, and minimal matrix effects. PS-MS can be interfaced with high-resolution MS for non-targeted analysis, allowing the identification of novel psychoactive substances as they appear in street drugs. Individual quantitative PS-MS measurements for drug testing can be done in 1 minute or less, resulting in high sample throughput. Significant advancement in mass spectrometer miniaturization and mobilization has concomitant benefits for direct, on-site drug checking, such as reduced cost, simplified maintenance and ease of use by less skilled operators. While PS-MS technology continues to rapidly advance, it is our opinion that PS-MS can be utilized as an effective tool for harm reduction in the opioid overdose crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Vandergrift
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Chris G Gill
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Bi H, Zhong C, Shao M, Wang C, Yi J, Qiao L, Zhang J. Differentiation and authentication of fishes at the species level through analysis of fish skin by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1336-1343. [PMID: 31034697 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Authentication of fish is of importance in the view of toxins, allergen warnings and economic fraud control. Traditional methods in the authentication of fish, e.g. morphological, genetic and proteomic analysis, are either at low throughput or at high-cost. METHODS A high-throughput matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS)-based approach was developed to analyze biomaterials from fish skin, and mass spectra from different fish species were compared by chemometric methods to differentiate fish species. RESULTS A total of 51 fish samples were used to generate more than 150 fingerprinting mass spectra. The fish belonging to the same genus can be identified at species level. A mass spectral database of different fishes can be built as reference for authentication. The analysis can be performed based on micrograms of fish-skin sample and accomplished in 1-3 hours. CONCLUSIONS The developed strategy holds potential to be applied to fish authentication in the fishing industry and as a scientific method to avoid mislabeling. It has promise to be practically used for fast and effective identification of closely related fish species to guarantee the quality of fishery products to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, and College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Pudong New District, 201306, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyi Zhong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, and College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Pudong New District, 201306, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingke Shao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, and College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Pudong New District, 201306, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, and College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Pudong New District, 201306, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Yangpu District, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Yangpu District, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, and College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Pudong New District, 201306, Shanghai, China
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Mayer M, Baeumner AJ. A Megatrend Challenging Analytical Chemistry: Biosensor and Chemosensor Concepts Ready for the Internet of Things. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7996-8027. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mayer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antje J. Baeumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Ballin NZ, Laursen KH. To target or not to target? Definitions and nomenclature for targeted versus non-targeted analytical food authentication. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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In-Situ Analysis of Essential Fragrant Oils Using a Portable Mass Spectrometer. Int J Anal Chem 2019; 2019:1780190. [PMID: 31057619 PMCID: PMC6463677 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1780190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A portable mass spectrometer was coupled to a direct inlet membrane (DIM) probe and applied to the direct analysis of active fragrant compounds (3-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, methyl butanoate, and ethyl methyl sulfide) in real time. These fragrant active compounds are commonly used in the formulation of flavours and fragrances. Results obtained show that the portable mass spectrometer with a direct membrane inlet can be used to detect traces of the active fragrant compounds in complex mixtures such as essential fragrant oils and this represents a novel in-situ analysis methodology. Limits of detection (LOD) in the sub-ppb range (< 2.5 pg) are demonstrated. Standard samples in the gaseous phase presented very good linearity with RSD % at 5 to 7 for the selected active fragrant compounds (i.e., isoamyl acetate, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, methyl butanoate, and methyl ethyl sulphide). The rise and fall times of the DIM probe are in the ranges from 15 to 31 seconds and 23 to 41 seconds, respectively, for the standard model compounds analysed. The identities of the fragrance active compounds in essential oil samples (i.e., banana, tangerine, papaya, and blueberry muffin) were first identified by comparison with a standard fragrance compounds mixture using their major fragment peaks, the NIST standard reference library, and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. No sample preparation is required for analysis using a portable mass spectrometer coupled to a DIM probe, so the cycle time from ambient air sampling to the acquisition of the results is at least 65 seconds.
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Böhme K, Calo-Mata P, Barros-Velázquez J, Ortea I. Recent applications of omics-based technologies to main topics in food authentication. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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A review on the application of chromatographic methods, coupled to chemometrics, for food authentication. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Galvez JF, Mejuto J, Simal-Gandara J. Future challenges on the use of blockchain for food traceability analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bianchi F, Giannetto M, Careri M. Analytical systems and metrological traceability of measurement data in food control assessment. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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