1
|
Karlo J, Vijay A, Phaneeswar MS, Singh SP. Sensing the Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic Antimicrobial Mode of Action Using Raman Deuterium Stable Isotope Probing (DSIP) in Escherichia coli. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23753-23760. [PMID: 38854576 PMCID: PMC11154948 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The mode of action of antibiotics can be broadly classified as bacteriostatic and bactericidal. The bacteriostatic mode leads to the arrested growth of the cells, while the bacteriocidal mode causes cell death. In this work, we report the applicability of deuterium stable isotope probing (DSIP) in combination with Raman spectroscopy (Raman DSIP) for discriminating the mode of action of antibiotics at the community level. Escherichia coli, a well-known model microbe, was used as an organism for the study. We optimized the concentration of deuterium oxide required for metabolic activity monitoring without compromising the microbial growth. Our findings suggest that changes in the intensity of the C-D band in the high-wavenumber region could serve as a quantifiable marker for determining the antibiotic mode of action. This can be used for early identification of the antibiotic's mode of action. Our results explore the new perspective that supports the utility of deuterium-based vibrational tags in the field of clinical spectroscopy. Understanding the antibiotic's mode of action on bacterial cells in a short and objective manner can significantly enhance the clinical management abilities of infectious diseases and may also help in personalized antimicrobial therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Karlo
- Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka 580011, India
| | - Arunsree Vijay
- Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka 580011, India
| | - Mahamkali Sri Phaneeswar
- Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka 580011, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka 580011, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Öberg R, Sil TB, Ohlin A, Andersson M, Malyshev D. Assessing CaDPA levels, metabolic activity, and spore detection through deuterium labeling. Analyst 2024; 149:1861-1871. [PMID: 38348676 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Many strains among spore-forming bacteria species are associated with food spoilage, foodborne disease, and hospital-acquired infections. Understanding the impact of environmental conditions and decontamination techniques on the metabolic activity, viability, and biomarkers of these spores is crucial for combatting them. To distinguish and track spores and to understand metabolic mechanisms, spores must be labeled. Staining or genetic modification are current methods for this, however, these methods can be time-consuming, and affect the viability and function of spore samples. In this work, we investigate the use of heavy water for permanent isotope labeling of spores and Raman spectroscopy for tracking sporulation/germination mechanisms. We also discuss the potential of this method in observing decontamination. We find that steady-state deuterium levels in the spore are achieved after only ∼48 h of incubation with 30% D2O-infused broth and sporulation, generating Raman peaks at cell silent region of 2200 and 2300 cm-1. These deuterium levels then decrease rapidly upon spore germination in non-deuterated media. We further find that unlike live spores, spores inactivated using various methods do not lose these Raman peaks upon incubation in growth media, suggesting these peaks may be used to indicate the viability of a spore sample. We further observe several Raman peaks exclusive to deuterated DPA, a spore-specific chemical biomarker, at e.g. 988 and 2300 cm-1, which can be used to track underlying changes in spores involving DPA. In conclusion, permanent spore labeling using deuterium offers a robust and non-invasive way of labeling bacterial spores for marking, viability determination, and characterising spore activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Öberg
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
- Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Cementvägen 20, 906 21 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Timir Baran Sil
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - André Ohlin
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Dmitry Malyshev
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karlo J, Dhillon AK, Siddhanta S, Singh SP. Reverse stable isotope labelling with Raman spectroscopy for microbial proteomics. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300341. [PMID: 38010366 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Global proteome changes in microbes affect the survival and overall production of commercially relevant metabolites through different bioprocesses. The existing methods to monitor proteome level changes are destructive in nature. Stable isotope probing (SIP) coupled with Raman spectroscopy is a relatively new approach for proteome analysis. However, applying this approach for monitoring changes in a large culture volume is not cost-effective. In this study, for the first time we are presenting a novel method of combining reverse SIP using 13 C-glucose and Deuterium to monitor the proteome changes through Raman spectroscopy. The findings of the study revealed visible changes (blue shifts) in proteome related peaks that can be used for monitoring proteome dynamics, that is, synthesis of nascent amino acids and its turnover with time in a non-destructive, cost-effective, and label-free manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Karlo
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, India
| | | | - Soumik Siddhanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Omelchenko AN, Okotrub KA, Surovtsev NV. Raman spectroscopy of yeast cells cultured on a deuterated substrate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123262. [PMID: 37607454 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy of cells cultured in a deuterated substrate is a promising approach to the characterization of mass transfer and enzymatic reactions in living cells. Here, we studied the potential of this approach using the example of yeast cells cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In our experiments, unadapted to D2O Saccharomyces cerevisiae were cultured in a medium with different concentrations of deuterium oxide and deuterated glucose. It has been shown that the addition of even 10% heavy water leads to a general decrease in the amount of lipids in cells. In the Raman spectra of cells cultured at high concentrations of D2O, additional peaks are found, which are associated with the deuteration of entire chemical groups. We observed a similar effect in the ethanol synthesized by yeast fermentation, the deuteration of which also depends on the concentration of D2O. The results on the characterization of cell deuteration turned out to be in qualitative agreement with the known estimate that aerobic metabolism is 15 times more active than ethanol fermentation. The results of our work determine new limitations and prospects for further application and development of the Raman method of spectroscopy of deuterium tags.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Omelchenko
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Okotrub
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Nikolay V Surovtsev
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tu W, Xu J, Thompson IP, Huang WE. Engineering artificial photosynthesis based on rhodopsin for CO 2 fixation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8012. [PMID: 38049399 PMCID: PMC10696030 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial rhodopsin, a significant contributor to sustaining life through light harvesting, holds untapped potential for carbon fixation. Here, we construct an artificial photosynthesis system which combines the proton-pumping ability of rhodopsin with an extracellular electron uptake mechanism, establishing a pathway to drive photoelectrosynthetic CO2 fixation by Ralstonia eutropha (also known as Cupriavidus necator) H16, a facultatively chemolithoautotrophic soil bacterium. R. eutropha is engineered to heterologously express an extracellular electron transfer pathway of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Gloeobacter rhodopsin (GR). Employing GR and the outer-membrane conduit MtrCAB from S. oneidensis, extracellular electrons and GR-driven proton motive force are integrated into R. eutropha's native electron transport chain (ETC). Inspired by natural photosynthesis, the photoelectrochemical system splits water to supply electrons to R. eutropha via the Mtr outer-membrane route. The light-activated proton pump - GR, supported by canthaxanthin as an antenna, powers ATP synthesis and reverses the ETC to regenerate NADH/NADPH, facilitating R. eutropha's biomass synthesis from CO2. Overexpression of a carbonic anhydrase further enhances CO2 fixation. This artificial photosynthesis system has the potential to advance the development of efficient photosynthesis, redefining our understanding of the ecological role of microbial rhodopsins in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Tu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Jiabao Xu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Ian P Thompson
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Wei E Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu L, Wang N, Bryant JD, Liu L, Xie L, West AP, Walsh AJ. Label-free spatially maintained measurements of metabolic phenotypes in cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1293268. [PMID: 38090715 PMCID: PMC10715269 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1293268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming at a cellular level contributes to many diseases including cancer, yet few assays are capable of measuring metabolic pathway usage by individual cells within living samples. Here, autofluorescence lifetime imaging is combined with single-cell segmentation and machine-learning models to predict the metabolic pathway usage of cancer cells. The metabolic activities of MCF7 breast cancer cells and HepG2 liver cancer cells were controlled by growing the cells in culture media with specific substrates and metabolic inhibitors. Fluorescence lifetime images of two endogenous metabolic coenzymes, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), were acquired by a multi-photon fluorescence lifetime microscope and analyzed at the cellular level. Quantitative changes of NADH and FAD lifetime components were observed for cells using glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and glutaminolysis. Conventional machine learning models trained with the autofluorescence features classified cells as dependent on glycolytic or oxidative metabolism with 90%-92% accuracy. Furthermore, adapting convolutional neural networks to predict cancer cell metabolic perturbations from the autofluorescence lifetime images provided improved performance, 95% accuracy, over traditional models trained via extracted features. Additionally, the model trained with the lifetime features of cancer cells could be transferred to autofluorescence lifetime images of T cells, with a prediction that 80% of activated T cells were glycolytic, and 97% of quiescent T cells were oxidative. In summary, autofluorescence lifetime imaging combined with machine learning models can detect metabolic perturbations between glycolysis and oxidative metabolism of living samples at a cellular level, providing a label-free technology to study cellular metabolism and metabolic heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Nianchao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Joshua D. Bryant
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - A. Phillip West
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Alex J. Walsh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang J, Lin H, Xu J, Zhang M, Ge X, Zhang C, Huang WE, Cheng JX. High-throughput single-cell sorting by stimulated Raman-activated cell ejection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.16.562526. [PMID: 37904930 PMCID: PMC10614813 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.562526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell sorting is essential to explore cellular heterogeneity in biology and medicine. Recently developed Raman-activated cell sorting (RACS) circumvents the limitations of fluorescence-activated cell sorting, such as the cytotoxicity of labels. However, the sorting throughputs of all forms of RACS are limited by the intrinsically small cross-section of spontaneous Raman scattering. Here, we report a stimulated Raman-activated cell ejection (S-RACE) platform that enables high-throughput single-cell sorting based on high-resolution multi-channel stimulated Raman chemical imaging, in situ image decomposition, and laser-induced cell ejection. The performance of this platform was illustrated by sorting a mixture of 1 μm polymer beads, where 95% yield, 98% purity, and 14 events per second throughput were achieved. Notably, our platform allows live cell ejection, allowing for the growth of single colonies of bacteria and fungi after sorting. To further illustrate the chemical selectivity, lipid-rich Rhodotorula glutinis cells were successfully sorted from a mixture with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, confirmed by downstream quantitative PCR. Furthermore, by integrating a closed-loop feedback control circuit into the system, we realized real-time single-cell imaging and sorting, and applied this method to precisely eject regions of interest from a rat brain tissue section. The reported S-RACE platform opens exciting opportunities for a wide range of single-cell applications in biology and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Haonan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jiabao Xu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Meng Zhang
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiaowei Ge
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wei E. Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Law SY, Asanuma M, Shou J, Ozeki Y, Kodama Y, Numata K. Deuterium- and Alkyne-Based Bioorthogonal Raman Probes for In Situ Quantitative Metabolic Imaging of Lipids within Plants. JACS AU 2023; 3:1604-1614. [PMID: 37388682 PMCID: PMC10302745 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants can rapidly respond to different stresses by activating multiple signaling and defense pathways. The ability to directly visualize and quantify these pathways in real time using bioorthogonal probes would have practical applications, including characterizing plant responses to both abiotic and biotic stress. Fluorescence-based labels are widely used for tagging of small biomolecules but are relatively bulky and with potential effects on their endogenous localization and metabolism. This work describes the use of deuterium- and alkyne-derived fatty acid Raman probes to visualize and track the real-time response of plants to abiotic stress within the roots. Relative quantification of the respective signals could be used to track their localization and overall real-time responses in their fatty acid pools due to drought and heat stress without labor-intensive isolation procedures. Their overall usability and low toxicity suggest that Raman probes have great untapped potential in the field of plant bioengineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon
Sau Yin Law
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masato Asanuma
- Graduate
School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jingwen Shou
- Graduate
School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ozeki
- Graduate
School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kodama
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center
for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya
University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deuterium isotope probing (DIP) on Listeria innocua: Optimisation of labelling and impact on viability state. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280885. [PMID: 36893178 PMCID: PMC9997870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An innovative approach, Raman microspectroscopy coupled with deuterium isotope probing (Raman-DIP), can be used to evaluate the metabolism of deuterated carbon source in bacteria and also to presume different anabolic pathways. This method requires the treatment of cells with heavy water that could affect the bacterial viability state at higher concentration. In this study, we evaluated the effect of heavy water incorporation on the viability state of Listeria innocua cells. We exposed the L. innocua suspensions to different heavy water concentrations (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%) from 30 minutes to 72 h of incubation times at 37°C. The total, viable and viable culturable populations were quantified by qPCR, PMA-qPCR and plate count agar respectively. We analyzed heavy water incorporation by Raman-DIP. The exposure of L. innocua cells to different concentrations of heavy water did not alter their cell viability to 24 h incubation time. In addition, the maximum intensity for C-D band, specific for the incorporation of heavy water, was reached after 2 h of exposure in a media containing 75% v/v D2O but an early detection of the labelling was possible at t = 1 h 30 min. In conclusion, the use of D2O as a metabolic marker was validated and can be developed for the detection of L. innocua cell viability state.
Collapse
|
10
|
Omelchenko AN, Igonina TN, Brusentsev EY, Okotrub KA, Amstislavsky SY, Surovtsev NV. Cryopreservation increases accumulation of exogenous stearic acid in mouse embryos. Cryobiology 2022; 109:44-52. [PMID: 36179820 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of preimplantation embryos is a widely used technique, but this procedure might impact the subsequent embryo development. The effect of slow freezing and vitrification on the lipid metabolism in preimplantation mammalian embryos is not well studied. In this work, we applied Raman spectroscopy of isotopically labeled molecules to address the effects of cryopreservation on fatty acid accumulation in mouse embryos. Embryos after slow freezing or vitrification were cultured for 20 h in a medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin saturated with deuterated stearic acid (dSA). After this period the concentration of dSA estimated from Raman spectra of frozen-thawed and vitrified-warmed embryos at the morula stage was almost twice higher compared to non-cryopreserved morulas. At the same time, frozen-thawed and vitrified-warmed 4-cell embryos did not demonstrate any difference in the level of stearic acid uptake from non-cryopreserved embryos of the same stage. After an additional 24 h culture, cryopreserved and non-cryopreserved embryos demonstrated similar dSA uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N Omelchenko
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - T N Igonina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - E Y Brusentsev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - K A Okotrub
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - S Y Amstislavsky
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - N V Surovtsev
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Patil N, Howe O, Cahill P, Byrne HJ. Monitoring and modelling the dynamics of the cellular glycolysis pathway: A review and future perspectives. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101635. [PMID: 36379354 PMCID: PMC9703637 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dynamics of the cellular glycolysis pathway underpin cellular function and dysfunction, and therefore ultimately health, disease, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Evolving our understanding of this fundamental process and its dynamics remains critical. SCOPE OF REVIEW This paper reviews the medical relevance of glycolytic pathway in depth and explores the current state of the art for monitoring and modelling the dynamics of the process. The future perspectives of label free, vibrational microspectroscopic techniques to overcome the limitations of the current approaches are considered. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Vibrational microspectroscopic techniques can potentially operate in the niche area of limitations of other omics technologies for non-destructive, real-time, in vivo label-free monitoring of glycolysis dynamics at a cellular and subcellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Patil
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland; School of Physics and Optometric & Clinical Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - Orla Howe
- School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Paul Cahill
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Hugh J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Davison PA, Tu W, Xu J, Della Valle S, Thompson IP, Hunter CN, Huang WE. Engineering a Rhodopsin-Based Photo-Electrosynthetic System in Bacteria for CO 2 Fixation. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:3805-3816. [PMID: 36264158 PMCID: PMC9680020 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A key goal of synthetic biology is to engineer organisms that can use solar energy to convert CO2 to biomass, chemicals, and fuels. We engineered a light-dependent electron transfer chain by integrating rhodopsin and an electron donor to form a closed redox loop, which drives rhodopsin-dependent CO2 fixation. A light-driven proton pump comprising Gloeobacter rhodopsin (GR) and its cofactor retinal have been assembled in Ralstonia eutropha (Cupriavidus necator) H16. In the presence of light, this strain fixed inorganic carbon (or bicarbonate) leading to 20% growth enhancement, when formate was used as an electron donor. We found that an electrode from a solar panel can replace organic compounds to serve as the electron donor, mediated by the electron shuttle molecule riboflavin. In this new autotrophic and photo-electrosynthetic system, GR is augmented by an external photocell for reductive CO2 fixation. We demonstrated that this hybrid photo-electrosynthetic pathway can drive the engineered R. eutropha strain to grow using CO2 as the sole carbon source. In this system, a bioreactor with only two inputs, light and CO2, enables the R. eutropha strain to perform a rhodopsin-dependent autotrophic growth. Light energy alone, supplied by a solar panel, can drive the conversion of CO2 into biomass with a maximum electron transfer efficiency of 20%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Davison
- Plants,
Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Weiming Tu
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jiabao Xu
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Simona Della Valle
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P. Thompson
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - C. Neil Hunter
- Plants,
Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Wei E. Huang
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3PJ, United Kingdom,. Tel: +44 1865 283786
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jayan H, Sun DW, Pu H, Wei Q. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with stable isotope probing to assess the metabolic activity of Escherichia coli cells in chicken carcass wash water. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 280:121549. [PMID: 35792480 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid evaluation of the metabolic activity of microorganisms is crucial in the assessment of the disinfection ability of various antimicrobial agents in the food industry. In this study, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with isotope probing was employed for the analysis of the disinfection of single bacterial cells in the chicken carcass wash water. The Raman signals from single Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells were enhanced by in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The ΔCD of the cells grown in presence of 0.5% hydrogen peroxide and 50 ppm chlorine was 5.86 ± 1.86% and 5.1 ± 2.3%, respectively, which showed significant reduction compared with cells grown in the absence of disinfecting agents (19.86 ± 2.51%) after 2 h of incubation. The study proved that the proposed method had the potential to assess the metabolic activity of microorganisms in other food products and optimize the disinfection process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heera Jayan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Hongbin Pu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hyperglycemia and cancer in human lung carcinoma by means of Raman spectroscopy and imaging. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18561. [PMID: 36329066 PMCID: PMC9633797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging were used to identify the biochemical and structural features of human cancer lung cells (CCL-185) and the cancer cells supplemented with glucose and deuterated glucose at normal and hyperglycemia conditions. We found that isotope substitution of glucose by deuterated glucose allows to separate de novo lipid synthesis from exogenous uptake of lipids obtained from the diet. We demonstrated that glucose is largely utilized for de novo lipid synthesis. Our results provide a direct evidence that high level of glucose decreases the metabolism via oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria in cancer cells and shifts the metabolism to glycolysis via Warburg effect. It suggests that hyperglycemia is a factor that may contribute to a more malignant phenotype of cancer cells by inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Deuterium Raman imaging for lipid analysis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 70:102181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
16
|
Jayan H, Pu H, Sun DW. Analyzing macromolecular composition of E. Coli O157:H7 using Raman-stable isotope probing. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 276:121217. [PMID: 35427921 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dynamics of bacterial cells is needed for understanding the correlation between changes in environmental conditions and cell metabolic activity. In this study, Raman spectroscopy combined with deuterium labelling was used to analyze the metabolic activity of a single Escherichia coli O157:H7 cell. The incorporation of deuterium from heavy water into cellular biomolecules resulted in the formation of carbon-deuterium (CD) peaks in the Raman spectra, indicating the cell metabolic activity. The broad vibrational peaks corresponding to CD and CH peaks encompassed different specific shifts of macromolecules such as protein, lipids, and nucleic acid. The utilization of tryptophan and oleic acid by the cell as the sole carbon source led to changes in cell lipid composition, as indicated by new peaks in the second derivative spectra. Thus, the proposed method could semi-quantitatively determine total metabolic activity, macromolecule specific identification, and lipid and protein metabolism in a single cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heera Jayan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongbin Pu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alcolombri U, Pioli R, Stocker R, Berry D. Single-cell stable isotope probing in microbial ecology. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:55. [PMID: 37938753 PMCID: PMC9723680 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and host-associated microbiomes are typically diverse assemblages of organisms performing myriad activities and engaging in a network of interactions that play out in spatially structured contexts. As the sum of these activities and interactions give rise to overall microbiome function, with important consequences for environmental processes and human health, elucidating specific microbial activities within complex communities is a pressing challenge. Single-cell stable isotope probing (SC-SIP) encompasses multiple techniques that typically utilize Raman microspectroscopy or nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) to enable spatially resolved tracking of isotope tracers in cells, cellular components, and metabolites. SC-SIP techniques are uniquely suited for illuminating single-cell activities in microbial communities and for testing hypotheses about cellular functions generated for example from meta-omics datasets. Here, we illustrate the insights enabled by SC-SIP techniques by reviewing selected applications in microbiology and offer a perspective on their potential for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uria Alcolombri
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Pioli
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Stocker
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - David Berry
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Azemtsop Matanfack G, Taubert M, Reilly-Schott V, Küsel K, Rösch P, Popp J. Phenotypic Differentiation of Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Bacterial Cells Using Raman-D 2O Labeling. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7759-7766. [PMID: 35608509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon cycling is one of the major biogeochemical processes driven by bacteria. Autotrophic bacteria convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into organic compounds that are used by heterotrophs. Mixotrophic bacteria can employ both autotrophy and heterotrophy for growth. The characterization of the lifestyle of individual cells is essential to understand the microbial activity and thus reveal the implication of bacteria in the carbon flux. In this study, we used groundwater bacteria to investigate the potential of Raman-D2O labeling in combination with chemometrics to identify the carbon assimilation strategies of bacteria. Classification models were built using principal component analysis (PCA) followed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Autotrophs assimilated a significantly higher amount (mean C-D ratio between 16.63 and 21.69%) of deuterium than heterotrophs. The C-D signal only provides information about the activity since it appears in the Raman-silent region, where no interference with the taxonomic information is expected. The classification between autotrophs and heterotrophs achieved an overall accuracy of 96.3%. In the validation step with an independent dataset containing species not included in the model, the PCA-LDA model achieved 100% accuracy. This demonstrated that the C-D signal contributed to the identification of autotrophic and heterotrophic bacterial cells. This work reports a robust, rapid, and nondestructive approach for the identification of single cells based on their carbon acquisition strategies. The present study foresees the potential of Raman-D2O labeling as a promising method for automated discrimination of in situ functional activities of bacteria in environmental systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgette Azemtsop Matanfack
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Research Campus Infectognostics e.V., 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Taubert
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Vincent Reilly-Schott
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kirsten Küsel
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Rösch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Research Campus Infectognostics e.V., 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Research Campus Infectognostics e.V., 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lv W, Fu B, Li M, Kang Y, Bai S, Lu C. Determination of IC 50 values of anticancer drugs on cells by D 2O - single cell Raman spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2355-2358. [PMID: 35080537 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06857a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and repeatable D2O-single cell Raman spectroscopy method is developed to quantify the inhibitory activity of anticancer drugs on cancer cell metabolism. The IC50 values obtained from A549 cells incubated with cisplatin and taxol are comparable with results of CCK-8 and ATP luminescent cell viability assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanxue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China. .,Center for Advanced Measurement Science (Institute of Life Science Metrology), National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Boqiang Fu
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science (Institute of Life Science Metrology), National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Manli Li
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science (Institute of Life Science Metrology), National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shouli Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang Y, Xu J, Cui D, Kong L, Chen S, Xie W, Zhang C. Classification and Identification of Archaea Using Single-Cell Raman Ejection and Artificial Intelligence: Implications for Investigating Uncultivated Microorganisms. Anal Chem 2021; 93:17012-17019. [PMID: 34910467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Archaea can produce special cellular components such as polyhydroxyalkanoates, carotenoids, rhodopsin, and ether lipids, which have valuable applications in medicine and green energy production. Most of the archaeal species are uncultivated, posing challenges to investigating their biomarker components and biochemical properties. In this study, we applied Raman spectroscopy to examine the biological characteristics of nine archaeal isolates, including halophilic archaea (Haloferax larsenii, Haloarcula argentinensis, Haloferax mediterranei, Halomicrobium mukohataei, Halomicrobium salinus, Halorussus sp., Natrinema gari), thermophilic archaea (Sulfolobus acidocaldarius), and marine group I (MGI) archaea (Nitrosopumilus maritimus). Linear discriminant analysis of the Raman spectra allowed visualization of significant separations among the nine archaeal isolates. Machine-learning classification models based on support vector machine achieved accuracies of 88-100% when classifying the nine archaeal species. The predicted results were validated by DNA sequencing analysis of cells isolated from the mixture by Raman-activated cell sorting. Raman spectra of uncultured archaea (MGII) were also obtained based on Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The results combining multiple Raman-based techniques indicated that MGII may have the ability to produce lipids distinct from other archaeal species. Our study provides a valuable approach for investigating and classifying archaea, especially uncultured species, at the single-cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiabao Xu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, U.K
| | - Dongyu Cui
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lingchao Kong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Songze Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Chuanlun Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China.,Shanghai Sheshan National Geophysical Observatory, Shanghai 200000, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Raman Stable Isotope Probing of Bacteria in Visible and Deep UV-Ranges. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101003. [PMID: 34685375 PMCID: PMC8539138 DOI: 10.3390/life11101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman stable isotope probing (Raman-SIP) is an excellent technique that can be used to access the overall metabolism of microorganisms. Recent studies have mainly used an excitation wavelength in the visible range to characterize isotopically labeled bacteria. In this work, we used UV resonance Raman spectroscopy (UVRR) to evaluate the spectral red-shifts caused by the uptake of isotopes (13C, 15N, 2H(D) and 18O) in E. coli cells. Moreover, we present a new approach based on the extraction of labeled DNA in combination with UVRR to identify metabolically active cells. The proof-of-principle study on E. coli revealed heterogeneities in the Raman features of both the bacterial cells and the extracted DNA after labeling with 13C, 15N, and D. The wavelength of choice for studying 18O- and deuterium-labeled cells is 532 nm is, while 13C-labeled cells can be investigated with visible and deep UV wavelengths. However, 15N-labeled cells are best studied at the excitation wavelength of 244 nm since nucleic acids are in resonance at this wavelength. These results highlight the potential of the presented approach to identify active bacterial cells. This work can serve as a basis for the development of new techniques for the rapid and efficient detection of active bacteria cells without the need for a cultivation step.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang J, Lin K, Hu H, Qie X, Huang WE, Cui Z, Gong Y, Song Y. In Vitro Anticancer Drug Sensitivity Sensing through Single-Cell Raman Spectroscopy. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11080286. [PMID: 34436088 PMCID: PMC8392728 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Traditional in vitro anticancer drug sensitivity testing at the population level suffers from lengthy procedures and high false positive rates. To overcome these defects, we built a confocal Raman microscopy sensing system and proposed a single-cell approach via Raman-deuterium isotope probing (Raman-DIP) as a rapid and reliable in vitro drug efficacy evaluation method. Raman-DIP detected the incorporation of deuterium into the cell, which correlated with the metabolic activity of the cell. The human non-small cell lung cancer cell line HCC827 and human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 were tested against eight different anticancer drugs. The metabolic activity of cancer cells could be detected as early as 12 h, independent of cell growth. Incubation of cells in 30% heavy water (D2O) did not show any negative effect on cell viability. Compared with traditional methods, Raman-DIP could accurately determine the drug effect, meanwhile, it could reduce the testing period from 72–144 h to 48 h. Moreover, the heterogeneity of cells responding to anticancer drugs was observed at the single-cell level. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated the potential of Raman-DIP to be a reliable tool for cancer drug discovery and drug susceptibility testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingkai Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Kaicheng Lin
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Huijie Hu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Xingwang Qie
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Wei E Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Zhisong Cui
- Marine Bioresources and Environment Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Qingdao 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yizhi Song
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cahn JKB, Piel J. Anwendungen von Einzelzellmethoden in der mikrobiellen Naturstoffforschung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson K. B. Cahn
- Institut für Mikrobiologie Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH) 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institut für Mikrobiologie Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH) 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lima C, Muhamadali H, Goodacre R. The Role of Raman Spectroscopy Within Quantitative Metabolomics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:323-345. [PMID: 33826853 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091420-092323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ninety-four years have passed since the discovery of the Raman effect, and there are currently more than 25 different types of Raman-based techniques. The past two decades have witnessed the blossoming of Raman spectroscopy as a powerful physicochemical technique with broad applications within the life sciences. In this review, we critique the use of Raman spectroscopy as a tool for quantitative metabolomics. We overview recent developments of Raman spectroscopy for identification and quantification of disease biomarkers in liquid biopsies, with a focus on the recent advances within surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based methods. Ultimately, we discuss the applications of imaging modalities based on Raman scattering as label-free methods to study the abundance and distribution of biomolecules in cells and tissues, including mammalian, algal, and bacterial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassio Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom;
| | - Howbeer Muhamadali
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom;
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jayan H, Pu H, Sun DW. Recent developments in Raman spectral analysis of microbial single cells: Techniques and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4294-4308. [PMID: 34251940 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1945534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The conventional microbial cell analyses are mostly population-averaged methods that conceal the characteristics of single-cell in the community. Single-cell analysis can provide information on the functional and structural variation of each cell, resulting in the elimination of long and tedious microbial cultivation techniques. Raman spectroscopy is a label-free, noninvasive, and in-vivo method ideal for single-cell measurement to obtain spatially resolved chemical information. In the current review, recent developments in Raman spectroscopic techniques for microbial characterization at the single-cell level are presented, focusing on Raman imaging of single cells to study the intracellular distribution of different components. The review also discusses the limitation and challenges of each technique and put forward some future outlook for improving Raman spectroscopy-based techniques for single-cell analysis. Raman spectroscopic methods at the single-cell level have potential in precision measurements, metabolic analysis, antibiotic susceptibility testing, resuscitation capability, and correlating phenotypic information to genomics for cells, the integration of Raman spectroscopy with other techniques such as microfluidics, stable isotope probing (SIP), and atomic force microscope can further improve the resolution and provide extensive information. Future focuses should be given to advance algorithms for data analysis, standardized reference libraries, and automated cell isolation techniques in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heera Jayan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510641, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, and Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongbin Pu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510641, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, and Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510641, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, and Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Azemtsop Matanfack G, Pistiki A, Rösch P, Popp J. Raman 18 O-labeling of bacteria in visible and deep UV-ranges. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202100013. [PMID: 33773041 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Raman stable isotope labeling with 2 H, 13 C or 15 N has been reported as an elegant approach to investigate cellular metabolic activity, which is of great importance to reveal the functions of microorganisms in native environments. A new strategy termed Raman 18 O-labeling was developed to probe the metabolic activity of bacteria. Raman 18 O-labeling refers to the combination of Raman microspectroscopy with 18 O-labeling using H218 O. At an excitation wavelength of 532 nm, the incorporation of 18 O into the amide I group of proteins and DNA/RNA bases was observed in Escherichia coli cells, while for an excitation wavelength electronically resonant with DNA or aromatic amino acid absorption at 244 nm 18 O assimilation was detected using chemometric tools rather than visual inspection. Raman 18 O-labeling at 532 nm combined with 2D correlation analysis confirmed the assimilation of 18 O in proteins and nucleic acids and revealed the growth strategy of E. coli cells; they underwent protein synthesis followed by nucleic acid synthesis. Independent cultural replicates at different incubation times corroborated the reproducibility of these results. The variations in spectral features of 18 O-labeled cells revealed changes in physiological information of cells. Hence, Raman 18 O-labeling could provide a powerful tool to identify metabolically active bacterial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgette Azemtsop Matanfack
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology a member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostics e.v. Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Aikaterini Pistiki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology a member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostics e.v. Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Rösch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostics e.v. Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology a member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostics e.v. Jena, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu J, Yu T, Zois CE, Cheng JX, Tang Y, Harris AL, Huang WE. Unveiling Cancer Metabolism through Spontaneous and Coherent Raman Spectroscopy and Stable Isotope Probing. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1718. [PMID: 33916413 PMCID: PMC8038603 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a common hallmark in cancer. The high complexity and heterogeneity in cancer render it challenging for scientists to study cancer metabolism. Despite the recent advances in single-cell metabolomics based on mass spectrometry, the analysis of metabolites is still a destructive process, thus limiting in vivo investigations. Being label-free and nonperturbative, Raman spectroscopy offers intrinsic information for elucidating active biochemical processes at subcellular level. This review summarizes recent applications of Raman-based techniques, including spontaneous Raman spectroscopy and imaging, coherent Raman imaging, and Raman-stable isotope probing, in contribution to the molecular understanding of the complex biological processes in the disease. In addition, this review discusses possible future directions of Raman-based technologies in cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Xu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK;
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK;
| | - Christos E. Zois
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK;
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, School of Health, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MS 02215, USA;
| | - Yuguo Tang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China;
| | - Adrian L. Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK;
| | - Wei E. Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cahn JKB, Piel J. Opening up the Single-Cell Toolbox for Microbial Natural Products Research. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18412-18428. [PMID: 30748086 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The diverse microbes that produce natural products represent an important source of novel therapeutics, drug leads, and scientific tools. However, the vast majority have not been grown in axenic culture and are members of complex communities. While meta-'omic methods such as metagenomics, -transcriptomics, and -proteomics reveal collective molecular features of this "microbial dark matter", the study of individual microbiome members can be challenging. To address these limits, a number of techniques with single-bacterial resolution have been developed in the last decade and a half. While several of these are embraced by microbial ecologists, there has been less use by researchers interested in mining microbes for natural products. In this review, we discuss the available and emerging techniques for targeted single-cell analysis with a particular focus on applications to the discovery and study of natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson K B Cahn
- Instit. of Microbiol., Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörn Piel
- Instit. of Microbiol., Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chisanga M, Muhamadali H, McDougall D, Xu Y, Lockyer N, Goodacre R. Metabolism in action: stable isotope probing using vibrational spectroscopy and SIMS reveals kinetic and metabolic flux of key substrates. Analyst 2021; 146:1734-1746. [PMID: 33465215 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microbial communities play essential functions which drive various ecosystems supporting animal and aquatic life. However, linking bacteria with specific metabolic functions is difficult, since microbial communities consist of numerous and phylogenetically diverse microbes. Stable isotope probing (SIP) combined with single-cell tools has emerged as a novel culture-independent strategy for unravelling microbial metabolic roles and intertwined interactions in complex communities. In this study, we applied Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) with SIP to probe the rate of 13C incorporation in Escherichia coli at 37 and 25 °C. Our results indicate quantitative enrichment and flow of 13C into E. coli at various time points. Multivariate and univariate analyses of Raman and FT-IR data demonstrated distinctive 13C concentration-dependent trends that were due to vibrational bands shifting to lower frequencies and these shifts were a result of incubation time and metabolic rate. SIMS results were in complete agreement with the spectroscopy findings, and confirmed the detected levels of 13C incorporation into microbial biomass at the investigated conditions. Having established that FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy with SIP can measure metabolism kinetics in this simple system, we have applied the kinetics concept to study the metabolism of phenol by Pseudomonas putida and metabolic interactions within a two-species consortia with E. coli that could not degrade phenol. Raman spectroscopy combined with SIP identified quantitative shifts in P. putida due to temporal assimilation of phenol. Although E. coli was unable to grow on phenol, in co-culture with P. putida, general metabolic probing using deuterated water for SIP revealed that E. coli displayed increasing metabolic activity, presumably due to cross feeding from metabolites generated by P. putida. This study clearly demonstrates that Raman and FT-IR combined with SIP provide rapid and sensitive detection of carbon incorporation rates and microbial interactions. These novel findings may guide the identification of primary substrate consumers in complex microbial communities in situ, which is a key step towards the characterisation of novel genes, enzymes and metabolic flux analysis in microbial consortia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malama Chisanga
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Microbial phenomics linking the phenotype to function: The potential of Raman spectroscopy. J Microbiol 2021; 59:249-258. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-0590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
31
|
Deuterium-labeled Raman tracking of glucose accumulation and protein metabolic dynamics in Aspergillus nidulans hyphal tips. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1279. [PMID: 33446770 PMCID: PMC7809412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi grow exclusively at their tips, where many growth-related fungal processes, such as enzyme secretion and invasion into host cells, take place. Hyphal tips are also a site of active metabolism. Understanding metabolic dynamics within the tip region is therefore important for biotechnology and medicine as well as for microbiology and ecology. However, methods that can track metabolic dynamics with sufficient spatial resolution and in a nondestructive manner are highly limited. Here we present time-lapse Raman imaging using a deuterium (D) tracer to study spatiotemporally varying metabolic activity within the hyphal tip of Aspergillus nidulans. By analyzing the carbon-deuterium (C-D) stretching Raman band with spectral deconvolution, we visualize glucose accumulation along the inner edge of the hyphal tip and synthesis of new proteins from the taken-up D-labeled glucose specifically at the central part of the apical region. Our results show that deuterium-labeled Raman imaging offers a broadly applicable platform for the study of metabolic dynamics in filamentous fungi and other relevant microorganisms in vivo.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hekmatara M, Heidari Baladehi M, Ji Y, Xu J. D 2O-Probed Raman Microspectroscopy Distinguishes the Metabolic Dynamics of Macromolecules in Organellar Anticancer Drug Response. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2125-2134. [PMID: 33435684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To profile the metabolic dynamics responding to drugs at the single-cell/organelle resolution, rapid and economical mechanism-revealing methods are required. Here, we introduced D2O-probed Raman microspectroscopy in combination with the multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS or MCR) algorithm. Exploiting MCR to deconvolute each macromolecular component specifically, the method is able to track and distinguish changes in lipid and protein metabolic activities in a human cancer cell line (MCF-7) and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in response to the metabolism-inhibitory effect of rapamycin, which inhibits the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Under rapamycin, in the lipid bodies of cancer cells, metabolic activities of both protein and lipid are suppressed; in the nucleus, protein synthesis remains active, whereas lipid synthesis is inhibited; in the cytoplasm, syntheses of protein and lipid are both dose- and duration-dependent. Thus, rapamycin differentially influences protein and lipid synthesis in mTOR signaling. Moreover, the strong correlation between macromolecular-specific components of yeast and those in MCF-7 cytoplasm, nucleus, and lipid bodies revealed similarity in rapamycin response. Notably, highly metabolically active cancer cells after high-dosage rapamycin exposure (500 or 5000 × IC50) were revealed, which escape detection by population-level cytotoxicity tests. Thus, by unveiling macromolecule-specific metabolic dynamics at the organelle level, the method is valuable to mechanism-based rapid screening and dissection of drug response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hekmatara
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mohammadhadi Heidari Baladehi
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuetong Ji
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Azemtsop Matanfack G, Rüger J, Stiebing C, Schmitt M, Popp J. Imaging the invisible-Bioorthogonal Raman probes for imaging of cells and tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000129. [PMID: 32475014 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A revolutionary avenue for vibrational imaging with super-multiplexing capability can be seen in the recent development of Raman-active bioortogonal tags or labels. These tags and isotopic labels represent groups of chemically inert and small modifications, which can be introduced to any biomolecule of interest and then supplied to single cells or entire organisms. Recent developments in the field of spontaneous Raman spectroscopy and stimulated Raman spectroscopy in combination with targeted imaging of biomolecules within living systems are the main focus of this review. After having introduced common strategies for bioorthogonal labeling, we present applications thereof for profiling of resistance patterns in bacterial cells, investigations of pharmaceutical drug-cell interactions in eukaryotic cells and cancer diagnosis in whole tissue samples. Ultimately, this approach proves to be a flexible and robust tool for in vivo imaging on several length scales and provides comparable information as fluorescence-based imaging without the need of bulky fluorescent tags.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgette Azemtsop Matanfack
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology - a member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostics e.V., Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Rüger
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology - a member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Clara Stiebing
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology - a member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology - a member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostics e.V., Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology - a member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostics e.V., Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Deuterated stearic acid uptake and accumulation in lipid droplets of cat oocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 692:108532. [PMID: 32795451 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid uptake and accumulation in lipid droplets are essential processes of lipid metabolism. Oocyte in vitro culture in media enriched with fatty acid is used to modify the lipid content and composition, aiming to study the consequences of obesity and enhance cell cryotolerance. We applied Raman spectroscopy and deuterium labeling approach to quantify stearic acid uptake and investigate its incorporation within oocytes. Our data suggest that deuterium labeling does not affect oocyte maturation rates. The efficiency of deuterated stearic acid (dSA) uptake was shown to decrease with the increase of its concentration in culture medium and the duration of in vitro culture. The molar ratio between dSA and bovine serum albumin has no significant effect on the dSA uptake for 200 μM but modifies concentration dependence of the lipid uptake. dSA accumulates in all the lipid droplets inside oocytes. Different lipid droplets within the same oocyte exhibit different concentrations of dSA. The scatter in the dSA concentration in lipid droplets decreases with the culture time. Using dSA as an example, we provide a comprehensive description of how fatty acid concentration, its molar ratio versus bovine serum albumin, and culture time affect the uptake of the fatty acids in oocytes. Raman microspectroscopy of deuterium-labeled fatty acids is a nondestructive tool providing information about fatty acid uptake and heterogeneity of their accumulation between lipid droplets within the single oocyte.
Collapse
|
35
|
Matanfack GA, Taubert M, Guo S, Houhou R, Bocklitz T, Küsel K, Rösch P, Popp J. Influence of Carbon Sources on Quantification of Deuterium Incorporation in Heterotrophic Bacteria: A Raman-Stable Isotope Labeling Approach. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11429-11437. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgette Azemtsop Matanfack
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostics e.v. Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Taubert
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Shuxia Guo
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostics e.v. Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Rola Houhou
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostics e.v. Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostics e.v. Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kirsten Küsel
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5E, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Rösch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostics e.v. Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostics e.v. Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bauer D, Wieland K, Qiu L, Neumann-Cip AC, Magistro G, Stief C, Wieser A, Haisch C. Heteroresistant Bacteria Detected by an Extended Raman-Based Antibiotic Susceptibility Test. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8722-8731. [PMID: 32285664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, multiresistant bacterial strains are emerging at unprecedented rates. This development seriously threatens the ability of humanity to treat even common infections, resulting in disability and death. Furthermore, this development endangers all medical achievements including cancer therapy or organ transplantations. Therefore, the World Health Organization has endorsed antimicrobial resistance as a great threat to humanity. To still allow effective treatment of patients, rapid, automated, and reliable antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) of bacterial pathogens is essential. Thereby, speed and sensitivity of the AST results are crucial for improving patient care. Here, Raman spectroscopy as a nondestructive technique providing chemical-specific information is employed to monitor the deuterium uptake of metabolically active bacteria during antibiotic treatment, enabling fast and reliable AST. For this purpose, a bulk sample-preparation method was developed, allowing a high-throughput analysis of a significant number of cells. A protocol was developed for Gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) reference strains and was tested on 51 clinical isolates with well-characterized resistance phenotypes against ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, and vancomycin. Borderline resistant and heteroresistant phenotypes were observed and further investigated. This is of critical importance as the sensitive detection of low-frequency heteroresistance in bacterial populations is a huge challenge. Such isolates seem susceptible but are resistant to treatment in vivo. Automatable analysis detects strong phenotypes within 3 h. On the basis of experimental and modeled data, heteroresistance is estimated to be detectable down to frequencies of 10-6 and investigated on clinical isolates as a proof-of-concept study, but requiring longer incubation time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bauer
- Analytical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
| | - K Wieland
- Analytical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
| | - L Qiu
- Analytical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
| | - A-C Neumann-Cip
- Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80539, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | | | | | - A Wieser
- Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80539, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - C Haisch
- Analytical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang Y, Xu J, Kong L, Li B, Li H, Huang WE, Zheng C. Raman-activated sorting of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in human gut microbiota. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2613-2624. [PMID: 32114713 PMCID: PMC7383503 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The antibiotic‐resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic‐resistant genes (ARGs) in human gut microbiota have significant impact on human health. While high throughput metagenomic sequencing reveals genotypes of microbial communities, the functionality, phenotype and heterogeneity of human gut microbiota are still elusive. In this study, we applied Raman microscopy and deuterium isotope probing (Raman–DIP) to detect metabolic active ARB (MA‐ARB) in situ at the single‐cell level in human gut microbiota from two healthy adults. We analysed the relative abundances of MA‐ARB under different concentrations of amoxicillin, cephalexin, tetracycline, florfenicol and vancomycin. To establish the link between phenotypes and genotypes of the MA‐ARB, Raman‐activated cell sorting (RACS) was used to sort MA‐ARB from human gut microbiota, and mini‐metagenomic DNA of the sorted bacteria was amplified, sequenced and analysed. The sorted MA‐ARB and their associated ARGs were identified. Our results suggest a strong relation between ARB in human gut microbiota and personal medical history. This study demonstrates that the toolkit of Raman–DIP, RACS and DNA sequencing can be useful to unravel both phenotypes and genotypes of ARB in human gut microbiota at the single‐cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Jiabao Xu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Lingchao Kong
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Bei Li
- The State Key Lab of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, CAS, 130033, Changchun, China.,HOOKE Instruments Ltd., 130033, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Li
- HOOKE Instruments Ltd., 130033, Changchun, China
| | - Wei E Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hatzenpichler R, Krukenberg V, Spietz RL, Jay ZJ. Next-generation physiology approaches to study microbiome function at single cell level. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 18:241-256. [PMID: 32055027 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-0323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The function of cells in their native habitat often cannot be reliably predicted from genomic data or from physiology studies of isolates. Traditional experimental approaches to study the function of taxonomically and metabolically diverse microbiomes are limited by their destructive nature, low spatial resolution or low throughput. Recently developed technologies can offer new insights into cellular function in natural and human-made systems and how microorganisms interact with and shape the environments that they inhabit. In this Review, we provide an overview of these next-generation physiology approaches and discuss how the non-destructive analysis of cellular phenotypes, in combination with the separation of the target cells for downstream analyses, provide powerful new, complementary ways to study microbiome function. We anticipate that the widespread application of next-generation physiology approaches will transform the field of microbial ecology and dramatically improve our understanding of how microorganisms function in their native environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hatzenpichler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Biofilm Engineering, and Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
| | - Viola Krukenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Biofilm Engineering, and Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Rachel L Spietz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Biofilm Engineering, and Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Zackary J Jay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Biofilm Engineering, and Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ji L, Gu W, Liu P, Sun P. Iron-mediated deuterium addition cascade cyano insertion/cyclization of N-arylacrylamides to access deuterium-labelled phenanthridines. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6126-6133. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deuterated molecules feature important biological activities and pharmacokinetic properties for the design of pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Weijin Gu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Peipei Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang Y, Xu J, Kong L, Liu T, Yi L, Wang H, Huang WE, Zheng C. Raman-deuterium isotope probing to study metabolic activities of single bacterial cells in human intestinal microbiota. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 13:572-583. [PMID: 31821744 PMCID: PMC7017835 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human intestinal microbiota is important to host health and is associated with various diseases. It is a challenge to identify the functions and metabolic activity of microorganisms at the single-cell level in gut microbial community. In this study, we applied Raman microspectroscopy and deuterium isotope probing (Raman-DIP) to quantitatively measure the metabolic activities of intestinal bacteria from two individuals and analysed lipids and phenylalanine metabolic pathways of functional microorganisms in situ. After anaerobically incubating the human faeces with heavy water (D2 O), D2 O with specific substrates (glucose, tyrosine, tryptophan and oleic acid) and deuterated glucose, the C-D band in single-cell Raman spectra appeared in some bacteria in faeces, due to the Raman shift from the C-H band. Such Raman shift was used to indicate the general metabolic activity and the activities in response to the specific substrates. In the two individuals' intestinal microbiota, the structures of the microbial communities were different and the general metabolic activities were 76 ± 1.0% and 30 ± 2.0%. We found that glucose, but not tyrosine, tryptophan and oleic acid, significantly stimulated metabolic activity of the intestinal bacteria. We also demonstrated that the bacteria within microbiota preferably used glucose to synthesize fatty acids in faeces environment, whilst they used glucose to synthesize phenylalanine in laboratory growth environment (e.g. LB medium). Our work provides a useful approach for investigating the metabolic activity in situ and revealing different pathways of human intestinal microbiota at the single-cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Jiabao Xu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Lingchao Kong
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Tang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lingbo Yi
- Health Time Gene Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | | | - Wei E Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ramanome technology platform for label-free screening and sorting of microbial cell factories at single-cell resolution. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
42
|
Kelly J, Patrick R, Patrick S, Bell SEJ. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for the Detection of a Metabolic Product in the Headspace Above Live Bacterial Cultures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15686-15690. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kelly
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Robin Patrick
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Sheila Patrick
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences; Centre for Infection and Immunity; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Steven E. J. Bell
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kelly J, Patrick R, Patrick S, Bell SEJ. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for the Detection of a Metabolic Product in the Headspace Above Live Bacterial Cultures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kelly
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Robin Patrick
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Sheila Patrick
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences; Centre for Infection and Immunity; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Steven E. J. Bell
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| |
Collapse
|