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Peris M, Benseny-Cases N, Manich G, Zerpa O, Almolda B, Perálvarez-Marín À, González B, Castellano B. Roadmap for Postnatal Brain Maturation: Changes in Gray and White Matter Composition during Development Measured by Fourier Transformed Infrared Microspectroscopy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3088-3102. [PMID: 37540627 PMCID: PMC10485886 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Key events in postnatal brain development, such as neuronal migration, synaptogenesis, and myelination, shape the adult brain. These events are reflected in changes in gray and white matter (GM and WM) occurring during this period. Therefore, precise knowledge of GM and WM composition in perinatal brain development is crucial to characterizing brain formation as well as the neurodevelopmental disruption observed in diseases such as autism and schizophrenia. In this study, we combined histochemical and immunohistochemical staining with biochemical and biophysical analyses using Fourier transform infrared (IR) microspectroscopy (μFTIR) to better understand the chemical changes during postnatal developmental myelination. For this purpose, we analyzed the GM and WM in the mouse brain and cerebellum (strain C57BL/6) from postnatal day 0 (P0) to day P28 and established presumed correlations between staining and IR data. IR spectra allowed the (i) quantification of lipid and protein content through the CH2/amide I ratio, (ii) determination of chemical characteristics of lipids, such as the presence of unsaturated bonds in the carbonate chain or carbonyls from ester groups in the polar head, and (iii) determination of the protein secondary structure (α-helix and intramolecular β-sheets). The results indicate that the increase in the CH2/amide I ratio calculated from the μFTIR data correlates well with lipid histochemical staining. IR data indicated a change in the lipid composition in WM since carbonyl and unsaturated olefinic groups do not increase when lipids accumulate during myelination. Our correlation analysis between IR data and immunohistochemical staining of myelin-associated proteins revealed that myelin oligodendrocyte protein correlated well with lipid accumulation, while myelin basic protein appeared before lipid modifications, which indicated that myelin-associated proteins and lipid deposition were not synchronic. These events were related to a decrease in the intramolecular β/α protein ratio. Our results indicate that lipids and proteins in WM substantially change their composition due to primary myelination, and according to results obtained from staining, these modifications are better described by lipid histochemical staining than by immunohistochemistry against myelin-related proteins. In conclusion, μFTIR can be a useful technique to study WM during perinatal development and provide detailed information about alterations in the chemical composition related to neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Peris
- Department
of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Benseny-Cases
- Biophysics
Unit. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Manich
- Department
of Morphological Sciences, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriana Zerpa
- Department
of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Almolda
- Department
of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àlex Perálvarez-Marín
- Biophysics
Unit. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta González
- Department
of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernardo Castellano
- Department
of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Seira Curto J, Fernandez MR, Cladera J, Benseny-Cases N, Sanchez de Groot N. Aβ40 Aggregation under Changeable Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098408. [PMID: 37176115 PMCID: PMC10179685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis is crucial for cell function, and disturbances in homeostasis can lead to health disorders. Under normal conditions, intracellular pH is maintained between 7.35 and 7.45. Altered endosomal and lysosomal pH together with a general drop in brain pH are associated with the aggregation of amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ) and the development of Alzheimer's disease. Under acidic conditions, close to the Aβ isoelectric point, the absence of charges favors the formation of intermolecular contacts and promotes aggregation. Here, we analyzed how pH levels affect the aggregation of Aβ40 considering the variations in brain pH and the coexistence of different aggregated conformations. Our results suggest that different macromolecular conformations can interact with each other and influence the aggregation process. In addition, we showed that neutral pH and physiological salt concentrations favor a slow aggregation, resulting in ordered, stable fibrils, with low cytotoxic effects. Overall, we highlight the complexity of the aggregation processes occurring in different physiological and pathological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jofre Seira Curto
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Rosario Fernandez
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Cladera
- Unitat de Biofísica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Centre d'Estudis en Biofísica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Benseny-Cases
- Unitat de Biofísica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Centre d'Estudis en Biofísica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Sanchez de Groot
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Perez-Berna AJ, Benseny-Cases N, Rodríguez MJ, Valcarcel R, Carrascosa JL, Gastaminza P, Pereiro E. Monitoring reversion of hepatitis C virus-induced cellular alterations by direct-acting antivirals using cryo soft X-ray tomography and infrared microscopy. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:1365-1377. [PMID: 34726165 PMCID: PMC8561738 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321009955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an enveloped RNA virus. One of the hallmarks of HCV infection is a rearrangement of the host cell membranes, known as the `membranous web'. Full-field cryo soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT) in the water-window energy range (284-543 eV) was performed on the MISTRAL beamline to investigate, in whole unstained cells, the morphology of the membranous rearrangements induced in HCV replicon-harbouring cells in conditions close to the living physiological state. All morphological alterations could be reverted by a combination of sofosbuvir/daclatasvir, which are clinically approved antivirals (direct-acting antivirals; DAAs) for HCV infection. Correlatively combining cryo-SXT and 2D synchrotron-based infrared microscopy provides critical information on the chemical nature of specific infection-related structures, which allows specific patterns of the infection process or the DAA-mediated healing process to be distinguished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana J. Perez-Berna
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2–26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Nuria Benseny-Cases
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2–26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - María José Rodríguez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Valcarcel
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2–26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - José L. Carrascosa
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Gastaminza
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Pereiro
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2–26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
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4
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In situ identification and G4-PPI-His-Mal-dendrimer-induced reduction of early-stage amyloid aggregates in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice using synchrotron-based infrared imaging. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18368. [PMID: 34526539 PMCID: PMC8443673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques composed of Aβ amyloid peptides and neurofibrillary tangles are a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer Disease. In situ identification of early-stage amyloid aggregates in Alzheimer's disease is relevant for their importance as potential targets for effective drugs. Synchrotron-based infrared imaging is here used to identify early-stage oligomeric/granular aggregated amyloid species in situ in the brain of APP/PS1 transgenic mice for the first time. Also, APP/PS1 mice show fibrillary aggregates at 6 and 12 months. A significant decreased burden of early-stage aggregates and fibrillary aggregates is obtained following treatment with poly(propylene imine) dendrimers with histidine-maltose shell (a neurodegenerative protector) in 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice, thus demonstrating their putative therapeutic properties of in AD models. Identification, localization, and characterization using infrared imaging of these non-fibrillary species in the cerebral cortex at early stages of AD progression in transgenic mice point to their relevance as putative pharmacological targets. No less important, early detection of these structures may be useful in the search for markers for non-invasive diagnostic techniques.
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5
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Sanchez-Molina P, Almolda B, Benseny-Cases N, González B, Perálvarez-Marín A, Castellano B. Specific microglial phagocytic phenotype and decrease of lipid oxidation in white matter areas during aging: Implications of different microenvironments. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:280-295. [PMID: 34139605 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Physiological aging is characterized by an imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators leading to neuroinflammation. Microglial cells, which are highly regulated by the local microenvironment, undergo specific changes depending upon the brain area during aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of age over microglial cells along different brain areas and microenvironments. For this purpose, transgenic mice with overproduction of either the anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine or the pro-inflammatory IL-6 cytokine were used. Our results show that, during aging, microglial cells located in white matter (WM) areas maintain their phagocytic capacity but present a specific phagocytic phenotype with receptors involved in myelin recognition, arguing for aging-derived myelin damage. Whereas IL-10 overproduction anticipates the age-related microglial phagocytic phenotype, maintaining it over time, IL-6 overproduction exacerbates this phenotype in aging. These modifications were linked with a higher efficiency of myelin engulfment by microglia in aged transgenic animals. Moreover, we show, in a novel way, lower lipid oxidation during aging in WM areas, regardless of the genotype. The novelty of the insights presented in this study open a window to deeply investigate myelin lipid oxidation and the role of microglial cells in its regulation during physiological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sanchez-Molina
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Almolda
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Núria Benseny-Cases
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Berta González
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Perálvarez-Marín
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bernardo Castellano
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Álvarez-Marimon E, Castillo-Michel H, Reyes-Herrera J, Seira J, Aso E, Carmona M, Ferrer I, Cladera J, Benseny-Cases N. Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence and FTIR Signatures for Amyloid Fibrillary and Nonfibrillary Plaques. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1961-1971. [PMID: 33990138 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques are one of the principal hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and are mainly composed of Aβ amyloid peptides together with other components such as lipids, cations, or glycosaminoglycans. The structure of amyloid peptide's aggregates is related to the peptide toxicity and highly depends on the aggregation conditions and the presence of cofactors. While fibrillary aggregates are nowadays considered nontoxic, oligomeric/granular (nonfibrillary) aggregates have been found to be toxic. In this work we have characterized in situ two different types of amyloid deposits analyzing sections of the cortex of patients in advanced stages of Alzheimer disease. By combining SR-μFTIR for the study of the secondary structure of the peptide and ThS fluorescence as an indicator of fibrillary structures, we found two types of plaques: ThS positive plaques with a clear infrared band at 1630 cm-1 that would correspond to fibrillary plaques and ThS negative plaques showing a mixture of nonfibrillar β-sheet and unordered aggregated structures that would correspond to the nonfibrillary plaques (plaques with increased unordered structure). The analysis of the FTIR spectra has allowed correlation of lipid oxidation with the presence of nonfibrillary plaques. The metal composition of the two types of plaques has been analyzed using SR-nano-XRF and XANES. The results have shown higher accumulation of iron (mainly Fe2+) in fibrillary plaques than in nonfibrillary ones. However, in nonfibrillary plaques Fe3+ has been found to predominate over Fe2+. The identification of different types of aggregated forms and the different composition of metals found in the different types of plaques could be of paramount importance for the understanding of the development of Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Álvarez-Marimon
- Unitat de Biofísica, Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hiram Castillo-Michel
- ID21, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Juan Reyes-Herrera
- ID21, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Jofre Seira
- Unitat de Biofísica, Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ester Aso
- Institut de Neuropatologia, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Carmona
- Institut de Neuropatologia, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institut de Neuropatologia, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Cladera
- Unitat de Biofísica, Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Benseny-Cases
- Consorcio para la Construccion Equipamiento y Explotacion del Laboratorio de Luz Sincrotron, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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7
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Mathew M, T V D, Aravindakumar CT, Aravind UK. Potential involvement of environmental triggers in protein aggregation with mercuric chloride as a model. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 174:153-161. [PMID: 33484803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal based toxicity has a direct relation with the perturbation of protein structure. We have investigated the progressive unfolding of ovalbumin, in the presence of increasing concentration mercury (0-6.25 μM) using different spectroscopic techniques. Formation of amorphous aggregate has been observed at the physiological pH. Initial addition of HgCl2 resulted in the association of monomers to oligomers that proceeded to non-fibrillar aggregates on further addition. The sigmoidal curve obtained from the Stern-Volmer plot clearly divided into three stage transition. A strong lag phase is observed indicating the time dependence for the association of competent monomers. The second stage was resolved into non-cooperative binding. These results match very well with the data from atomic force microscopy and the free energy change observed in the regions. Raman spectroscopic studies indicated toxic antiparallel β-sheets structure. Time dependent atomic force microscopy study revealed the off-pathway nature of amorphous aggregates. At molten globular state, similar quenching behaviour is observed. The atomic force microscopy images clearly indicate at pH 2.2 the initiation of fibril formation occurs at lower concentration of HgCl2 itself. Our results revealed the conformation switch of ovalbumin upon the contact of an environmental toxin and its possible way of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjumol Mathew
- Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686 560, India
| | - Divyalakshmi T V
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686 560, India
| | | | - Usha K Aravind
- School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682022, India.
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8
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Label-free vibrational imaging of different Aβ plaque types in Alzheimer's disease reveals sequential events in plaque development. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:222. [PMID: 33308303 PMCID: PMC7733282 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by hyperphosphorylated tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. Aβ plaques are hypothesized to follow a development sequence starting with diffuse plaques, which evolve into more compact plaques and finally mature into the classic cored plaque type. A better molecular understanding of Aβ pathology is crucial, as the role of Aβ plaques in AD pathogenesis is under debate. Here, we studied the deposition and fibrillation of Aβ in different plaque types with label-free infrared and Raman imaging. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman imaging was performed on native snap-frozen brain tissue sections from AD cases and non-demented control cases. Subsequently, the scanned tissue was stained against Aβ and annotated for the different plaque types by an AD neuropathology expert. In total, 160 plaques (68 diffuse, 32 compact, and 60 classic cored plaques) were imaged with FTIR and the results of selected plaques were verified with Raman imaging. In diffuse plaques, we detect evidence of short antiparallel β-sheets, suggesting the presence of Aβ oligomers. Aβ fibrillation significantly increases alongside the proposed plaque development sequence. In classic cored plaques, we spatially resolve cores containing predominantly large parallel β-sheets, indicating Aβ fibrils. Combining label-free vibrational imaging and immunohistochemistry on brain tissue samples of AD and non-demented cases provides novel insight into the spatial distribution of the Aβ conformations in different plaque types. This way, we reconstruct the development process of Aβ plaques in human brain tissue, provide insight into Aβ fibrillation in the brain, and support the plaque development hypothesis.
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9
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From Mouse to Human: Comparative Analysis between Grey and White Matter by Synchrotron-Fourier Transformed Infrared Microspectroscopy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081099. [PMID: 32722088 PMCID: PMC7464184 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fourier Transform Infrared microspectroscopy (μFTIR) is a very useful method to analyze the biochemical properties of biological samples in situ. Many diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) have been studied using this method, to elucidate alterations in lipid oxidation or protein aggregation, among others. In this work, we describe in detail the characteristics between grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) areas of the human brain by μFTIR, and we compare them with the mouse brain (strain C57BL/6), the most used animal model in neurological disorders. Our results show a clear different infrared profile between brain areas in the lipid region of both species. After applying a second derivative in the data, we established a 1.5 threshold value for the lipid/protein ratio to discriminate between GM and WM areas in non-pathological conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrated intrinsic differences of lipids and proteins by cerebral area. Lipids from GM present higher C=CH, C=O and CH3 functional groups compared to WM in humans and mice. Regarding proteins, GM present lower Amide II amounts and higher intramolecular β-sheet structure amounts with respect to WM in both species. However, the presence of intermolecular β-sheet structures, which is related to β-aggregation, was only observed in the GM of some human individuals. The present study defines the relevant biochemical properties of non-pathological human and mouse brains by μFTIR as a benchmark for future studies involving CNS pathological samples.
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10
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In situ structural characterization of early amyloid aggregates in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice and Octodon degus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5888. [PMID: 32246090 PMCID: PMC7125182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques composed of Aβ amyloid peptides and neurofibrillary tangles are a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. In situ identification of early-stage amyloid aggregates in Alzheimer’s disease is relevant for their importance as potential targets for effective drugs. Synchrotron-based infrared imaging is here used to identify early-stage oligomeric/granular aggregated amyloid species in situ in the brain of APP/PS1 transgenic mice and Octodon degus for the first time. Also, APP/PS1 mice show fibrillary aggregates at 6 and 12 months whereas very little formation of fibrils is found in aged Octodon degus. Finally, significant decreased burden of early-stage aggregates and fibrillary aggregates is obtained following treatment with G4-His-Mal dendrimers (a neurodegenerative protector) in 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice, thus demonstrating putative therapeutic properties of G4-His-Mal dendrimers in AD models. Identification, localization, and characterization using infrared imaging of these non-fibrillary species in the cerebral cortex at early stages of AD progression in transgenic mice point to their relevance as putative pharmacological targets. No less important, early detection of these structures may be useful in the search for markers for non-invasive diagnostic techniques.
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11
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Carrer V, Alonso C, Pont M, Zanuy M, Córdoba M, Espinosa S, Barba C, Oliver MA, Martí M, Coderch L. Effect of propylene glycol on the skin penetration of drugs. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 312:337-352. [PMID: 31786711 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-02017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Propylene glycol (PG) has been used in formulations as a co-solvent and/or to enhance drug permeation through the skin from topical preparations. Two skin in vitro permeation approaches are used to determine the effect of PG on drug penetration. The in vitro Skin-PAMPA was performed using 24 actives applied in aqueous buffer or PG. PG modulates permeability by increasing or diminishing it in the compounds with poor or high permeability, respectively. Percutaneous absorption using pigskin on Franz diffusion cells was performed on seven actives and their commercial formulations. The commercial formulations evaluated tend to have a lower permeability than their corresponding PG solutions but maintain the compound distribution in the different strata: stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis. The results indicate the enhancer properties of PG for all compounds, especially for the hydrophilic ones. Additionally, the Synchrotron-Based Fourier Transform Infrared microspectroscopy technique is applied to study the penetration of PG and the molecular changes that the vehicle may promote in the different skin layers. Results showed an increase of the areas under the curve indicating the higher amount of lipids in the deeper layers and altering the lipidic order of the bilayer structure to a more disordered lipid structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Carrer
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia-CSIC (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Alonso
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia-CSIC (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mercè Pont
- Almirall R&D Center, Ctra. Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Zanuy
- Almirall R&D Center, Ctra. Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Córdoba
- Almirall R&D Center, Ctra. Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Espinosa
- Almirall R&D Center, Ctra. Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Barba
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia-CSIC (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc A Oliver
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia-CSIC (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Martí
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia-CSIC (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luisa Coderch
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia-CSIC (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Liu MM, Guo ZZ, Liu H, Li SH, Chen Y, Zhong Y, Lei Y, Lin XH, Liu AL. Paper-based 3D culture device integrated with electrochemical sensor for the on-line cell viability evaluation of amyloid-beta peptide induced damage in PC12 cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 144:111686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Hu Y, Ren R, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Cui H, Ma C, Qiu W, Wang H, Cui P, Chen H, Wang G. Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 1 activation mediates amyloid precursor protein site-specific Ser655 phosphorylation and triggers amyloid pathology. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13001. [PMID: 31287605 PMCID: PMC6718535 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho‐associated coiled‐coil kinase 1 (ROCK1) is proposed to be implicated in Aβ suppression; however, the role for ROCK1 in amyloidogenic metabolism of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to produce Aβ was unknown. In the present study, we showed that ROCK1 kinase activity and its APP binding were enhanced in AD brain, resulting in increased β‐secretase cleavage of APP. Furthermore, we firstly confirmed that APP served as a substrate for ROCK1 and its major phosphorylation site was located at Ser655. The increased level of APP Ser655 phosphorylation was observed in the brain of APP/PS1 mice and AD patients compared to controls. Moreover, blockade of APP Ser655 phosphorylation, or inhibition of ROCK1 activity with either shRNA knockdown or Y‐27632, ameliorated amyloid pathology and improved learning and memory in APP/PS1 mice. These findings suggest that activated ROCK1 targets APP Ser655 phosphorylation, which promotes amyloid processing and pathology. Inhibition of ROCK1 could be a potential therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology Neuroscience Institute Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Ru‐Jing Ren
- Department of Neurology Neuroscience Institute Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yong‐Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yue Huang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Australia UNSW Australia Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Hai‐Lun Cui
- Department of Neurology Neuroscience Institute Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Wen‐Ying Qiu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Pei‐Jing Cui
- Department of Geriatrics Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Hong‐Zhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Science, Shuguang Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Neurology Neuroscience Institute Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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14
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Li SJ, Chen P, Peres TV, Villahoz BF, Zhang Z, Miah MR, Aschner M. Triclosan induces PC12 cells injury is accompanied by inhibition of AKT/mTOR and activation of p38 pathway. Neurotoxicology 2019; 74:221-229. [PMID: 31381933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) has been widely used as a disinfectant and antiseptic in multiple consumer and healthcare products due to its clinical effectiveness against various bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Recently, several studies have reported the adverse effects of TCS on various nerve cells, arousing concerns about its potential neurotoxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the neurotoxicity of TCS in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. After differentiation, the stabilized PC12 cells were treated with 1, 10, 50 μM TCS for 12 h. At the end of the treatment, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein expression of apoptotic-related genes, AMPK-AKT/mTOR, as well as p38 in PC12 cells were determined. The concentrations were chosen based on the results of cell viability and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) assays in response to TCS treatment (ranging from 0.001 to 100 μM) for varied time periods. The results showed that TCS is cytotoxic to PC12 cells, causing decreased cell viability accompanied by increased LDH release. TCS treatment at 10 and 50 μM for 12 h increased the mRNA and protein expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax, while Bcl-2 levels remained unchanged. Moreover, an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found in TCS-treated PC12 cells at the concentrations of 1 and 10 μM. Pretreatment with 100 μM N-acetyl cysteine (NAC- ROS scavenger) for 1 h normalized the ROS generations in TCS-treated PC12 cells. Additionally, the suppression of the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR was observed in TCS-treated PC12 cells at 10 and 50 μM for 12 h, concomitant with the activation of p38 MAPK pathway at 50 μM TCS. However, there were no effects of TCS on the phosphorylation of AMPK in these cells. Taken together, these results suggest that TCS may cause adverse effects and oxidative stress in PC12 cells accompanied by inhibition of Akt/mTOR and activation of p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461,United States
| | - Tanara Vieira Peres
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Ferrer Villahoz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461,United States
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461,United States
| | - Mahfuzur R Miah
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461,United States; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461,United States; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
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15
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Ami D, Mereghetti P, Foli A, Tasaki M, Milani P, Nuvolone M, Palladini G, Merlini G, Lavatelli F, Natalello A. ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy Supported by Multivariate Analysis for the Characterization of Adipose Tissue Aspirates from Patients Affected by Systemic Amyloidosis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2894-2900. [PMID: 30676723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of misfolded proteins as extracellular amyloid aggregates is the pathological hallmark of systemic amyloidoses. Subcutaneous fat acquired by fine needle aspiration is the preferred screening tissue in suspected patients. In this study we employed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection (ATR) to investigate human abdominal fat aspirates with the aim of detecting disease-related changes in the molecular structure and composition of the tissue and exploiting the potentiality of the method to discriminate between amyloid-positive and -negative samples. The absorption and second-derivative spectra of Congo Red (CR) positive and CR-negative specimens were analyzed by three multivariate methods in four spectral regions. The proposed ATR-FTIR method is label-free, rapid, and relatively inexpensive and requires minimal sample preparation. We found that the ATR-FTIR approach can differentiate fat aspirates containing amyloid deposits from control specimens with high sensitivity and specificity, both at 100 [89-100]%. It is worth noting that the wavenumbers most important for discrimination indicate that changes both in the protein conformation and in resident lipids are intrinsic features of affected subcutaneous fat in comparison with the CR-negative controls. In this proof of concept study, we show that this approach could be useful for assessing tissue amyloid aggregates and for acquiring novel knowledge of the molecular bases of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Ami
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| | - Paolo Mereghetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| | - Andrea Foli
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Pavia , Viale Golgi 19 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Masayoshi Tasaki
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Pavia , Viale Golgi 19 , 27100 Pavia , Italy.,Department of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences , Kumamoto University , 4-24-1 Kuhonji , Kumamoto 862-0976 , Japan.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kumamoto University , 1-1-1 Honjo , Kumamoto 860-0811 , Japan
| | - Paolo Milani
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Pavia , Viale Golgi 19 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Mario Nuvolone
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Pavia , Viale Golgi 19 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Pavia , Viale Golgi 19 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Pavia , Viale Golgi 19 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Francesca Lavatelli
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Pavia , Viale Golgi 19 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
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16
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Liu J, Zhang W, Tao Y, Li LY. Induction of Beta-amyloid Protein by Sevoflurane Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment During Anesthesia in Aged Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.1080.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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