1
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Pluschke K, Herrmann A, Dürr M. Soft Deposition of Organic Molecules Based on Cluster-Induced Desorption for the Investigation of On-Surface and Surface-Mediated Reactions. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:40639-40646. [PMID: 37929133 PMCID: PMC10620888 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Desorption/ionization induced by neutral clusters (DINeC) was employed for the soft transfer of organic and biomolecules, such as porphyrins and peptides, from a bulk sample onto any substrate of choice. Qualitative analysis of the deposition technique was performed by means of mass spectrometry, demonstrating that the deposited molecules remained intact due to the soft nature of the transfer process. Deposition rates were studied quantitatively using a quartz crystal microbalance; layers of intact biomolecules ranging from the submonolayer regime up to a few monolayers in thickness were realized. Mixed layers of molecules were deposited when two different sources of molecules were employed. The samples which were prepared based on this soft deposition method were used for the investigation of reactions of the deposited molecules with either coadsorbates on the surface or the surface itself. Examples include adduct formation of peptides with alkali metals on SiO2, the oxidation of peptides exposed to oxygen, as well as the metallization of porphyrins in interaction with the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Pluschke
- Institut für Angewandte Physik
and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Aaron Herrmann
- Institut für Angewandte Physik
and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Dürr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik
and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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2
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Anggara K, Ochner H, Szilagyi S, Malavolti L, Rauschenbach S, Kern K. Landing Proteins on Graphene Trampoline Preserves Their Gas-Phase Folding on the Surface. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:151-158. [PMID: 36844500 PMCID: PMC9951278 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecule-surface collisions are known to initiate dynamics that lead to products inaccessible by thermal chemistry. These collision dynamics, however, have mostly been examined on bulk surfaces, leaving vast opportunities unexplored for molecular collisions on nanostructures, especially on those that exhibit mechanical properties radically different from those of their bulk counterparts. Probing energy-dependent dynamics on nanostructures, particularly for large molecules, has been challenging due to their fast time scales and high structural complexity. Here, by examining the dynamics of a protein impinging on a freestanding, single-atom-thick membrane, we discover molecule-on-trampoline dynamics that disperse the collision impact away from the incident protein within a few picoseconds. As a result, our experiments and ab initio calculations show that cytochrome c retains its gas-phase folded structure when it collides onto freestanding single-layer graphene at low energies (∼20 meV/atom). The molecule-on-trampoline dynamics, expected to be operative on many freestanding atomic membranes, enable reliable means to transfer gas-phase macromolecular structures onto freestanding surfaces for their single-molecule imaging, complementing many bioanalytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Anggara
- Max-Planck
Institute for Solid-State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
| | - Hannah Ochner
- Max-Planck
Institute for Solid-State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
| | - Sven Szilagyi
- Max-Planck
Institute for Solid-State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
| | - Luigi Malavolti
- Max-Planck
Institute for Solid-State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
| | - Stephan Rauschenbach
- Max-Planck
Institute for Solid-State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max-Planck
Institute for Solid-State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
- Institut
de Physique, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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3
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Bomhardt K, Schneider P, Glaser T, Dürr M. Surface Properties of Ionic Liquids: A Mass Spectrometric View Based on Soft Cluster-Induced Desorption. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:974-980. [PMID: 35579531 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Desorption/ionization induced by neutral clusters (DINeC) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) was used for the investigation of the molecular composition of the surface of ionic liquids (IL). Based on the surface sensitivity of DINeC-MS, accumulation of either cations or anions was discriminated on the surface of bulk IL depending on the molecular structure of the IL components. In particular, cations with long alkyl chains aggregate on the surface, but this tendency is more reduced the larger the respective anion is; in the case of larger anions and smaller cations, it can be even reversed. For thin layers of IL, the ratio between cations and anions as detected in the mass spectra was found to be further influenced by the substrate surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Bomhardt
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Timo Glaser
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Dürr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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4
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Schneider P, Verloh F, Dürr M. Cluster-Induced Desorption/Ionization of Polystyrene: Desorption Mechanism and Effect of Polymer Chain Length on Desorption Probability. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:832-839. [PMID: 35426303 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soft cluster-induced desorption/ionization of polystyrene oligomers was investigated with respect to application in mass spectrometry. Clear peak progressions corresponding to intact polystyrene molecules were observed in the mass spectra, and no fragmentation was detected; efficient desorption was deduced from quartz crystal microbalance measurements. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the process revealed that even in the case of the nonpolar polystyrene molecules cluster-induced desorption proceeds via dissolvation in the polar clusters. Experimentally, a significantly lower desorption efficiency was observed for polystyrene molecules with larger chain length. Taking into account MD simulations and further experiments with mixed samples consisting of long- and short-chain polystyrene oligomers, the reduced desorption efficiency for longer chain polystyrene molecules was attributed to a stronger entanglement of the larger polystyrene molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Schneider
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Felix Verloh
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Dürr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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5
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Bomhardt K, Schneider P, Rohnke M, Gebhardt CR, Dürr M. Cluster-induced desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of highlighter ink: unambiguous identification of dyes and degradation processes based on fragmentation-free desorption. Analyst 2021; 147:333-340. [PMID: 34932048 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01588e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highlighter inks were analyzed by means of soft Desorption/Ionization induced by Neutral SO2 clusters (DINeC) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS). The dye molecules of the different inks were directly desorbed from dots of ink drawn on arbitrary substrates. Fragmentation free spectra were observed and the dyes used in the dye mixtures of the different highlighter inks were unambiguously identified. The soft nature of cluster-induced desorption was used to investigate the decomposition of the dye molecules induced by either heat or UV-light. The two processes lead to different decomposition products which are clearly distinguished in the DINeC spectra. The two different degradation processes can thus be discriminated using DINeC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Bomhardt
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Marcus Rohnke
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Dürr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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6
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Schneider P, Verloh F, Portz A, Aoyagi S, Rohnke M, Dürr M. Direct Analysis of Ion-Induced Peptide Fragmentation in Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15604-15610. [PMID: 33170642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Primary-ion-induced fragmentation in organic molecules can strongly influence the results in secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) of organic and biomolecular samples. In order to characterize this ion-induced fragmentation, oligopeptide samples irradiated in SIMS experiments were investigated by means of desorption/ionization induced by neutral SO2 clusters (DINeC). The latter is a nondestructive desorption method for mass spectrometry of biomolecules, which gives direct access to the fragments induced in the sample. Comparison of TOF-SIMS and DINeC mass spectra revealed qualitative differences between the fragments, which remain in the sample and the fragments sputtered during ion bombardment. The fragmentation strength and its spatial distribution were found to be quantitatively different for Bi1+, Bi3+, and Ar1000+ primary ions, leading to different distributions of the degree of fragmentation in the samples as directly measured by means of DINeC depth profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schneider
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - F Verloh
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.,Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A Portz
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - S Aoyagi
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University, 3-3-1, Kichijyoji-kitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
| | - M Rohnke
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Dürr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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7
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Vats N, Wang Y, Sen S, Szilagyi S, Ochner H, Abb S, Burghard M, Sigle W, Kern K, van Aken PA, Rauschenbach S. Substrate-Selective Morphology of Cesium Iodide Clusters on Graphene. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4626-4635. [PMID: 32283013 PMCID: PMC7304923 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Formation and characterization of low-dimensional nanostructures is crucial for controlling the properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene. Here, we study the structure of low-dimensional adsorbates of cesium iodide (CsI) on free-standing graphene using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy at atomic resolution. CsI is deposited onto graphene as charged clusters by electrospray ion-beam deposition. The interaction with the electron beam forms two-dimensional CsI crystals only on bilayer graphene, while CsI clusters consisting of 4, 6, 7, and 8 ions are exclusively observed on single-layer graphene. Chemical characterization by electron energy-loss spectroscopy imaging and precise structural measurements evidence the possible influence of charge transfer on the structure formation of the CsI clusters and layers, leading to different distances of the Cs and I to the graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Vats
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yi Wang
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Suman Sen
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sven Szilagyi
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hannah Ochner
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Abb
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marko Burghard
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wilfried Sigle
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut
de Physique de la Matière Condensée, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter A. van Aken
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan Rauschenbach
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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8
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Soft cluster-induced desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: How soft is soft? Biointerphases 2020; 15:021001. [PMID: 32164418 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Desorption/ionization induced by neutral clusters (DINeC) is used as an ultrasoft desorption/ionization method for the analysis of fragile biomolecules by means of mass spectrometry (MS). As a test molecule, the glycopeptide vancomycin was measured with DINeC-MS, and resulting mass spectra were compared to the results obtained with electrospray ionization (ESI), matrix assisted laser desorption ionization, and time-of-flight secondary ion MS. Of the desorption-based techniques, DINeC spectra show the lowest abundance of fragments comparable to ESI spectra. The soft desorption nature of DINeC was further demonstrated when applied to MS analysis of teicoplanin.
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9
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Heep J, Tuchecker PHK, Gebhardt CR, Dürr M. Combination of Thin-Layer Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Using Cluster-Induced Desorption/Ionization. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:22426-22430. [PMID: 31909324 PMCID: PMC6941192 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Desorption/ionization induced by neutral clusters (DINeC) was employed for mass spectrometry (MS) of oligopeptides and lipids after separation by means of thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Clear and fragmentation-free spectra were obtained from the TLC plates without any further sample treatment. Mass-resolved chromatograms were deduced when scanning the TLC plates with the cluster beam along the direction of solvent movement. Using vancomycin and noncovalently bound complexes, the soft nature of DINeC was demonstrated also when used in combination with TLC. As a test application, TLC and DINeC-MS were employed to separate and detect different phospholipids obtained from egg yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Heep
- Institut
für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Paul H. K. Tuchecker
- Institut
für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Dürr
- Institut
für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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10
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Schneider P, Dürr M. Cluster-induced desorption investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations-Microsolvation in clusters of polar and non-polar constituents. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:214301. [PMID: 31176317 DOI: 10.1063/1.5095512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The desorption of surface-adsorbed molecules induced by cluster-surface collisions of neutral molecular clusters, in particular, SO2 clusters, was investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The desorption efficiency was found to be in general much higher for clusters of polar molecules when compared to nonpolar cluster constituents, for both nonpolar and polar adsorbates. In all cases, desorption is shown to proceed via dissolvation of the analyte in the cluster. In systems with nonpolar cluster constituents, the process is mainly driven by the increase in the entropy of the dissolved analyte in a larger cluster fragment. The latter process is enhanced by polar cluster constituents since the respective clusters show lower fragmentation at comparable kinetic energy and thus provide in average larger cluster fragments for the analytes to be dissolved in. In systems with clusters of polar constituents and polar adsorbates, the process is most efficient due to the additional energetic stabilization of the desorbed molecule in the solvation shell formed in the cluster fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schneider
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Dürr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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