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Glaser T, Tripp M, Luy JN, Tonner-Zech R, Koert U, Dürr M. Towards π-wires on a semiconductor surface: Benzyne on Si(001). Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200404. [PMID: 36166680 PMCID: PMC10087821 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Towards the goal of covalently bound molecular wires on silicon, the adsorption of benzyne on Si(001) was studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and density functional calculations (DFT). The benzyne molecule is found to adsorb preferentially via the strained triple bond on one dimer of the Si(001) surface which results in an intact π system covalently bound to the surface. With increasing coverage, the molecules primarily adsorb along the dimer rows; on stepped surfaces, these molecular wires are all oriented in the same direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Glaser
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Tripp
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - J-N Luy
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 2, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - R Tonner-Zech
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 2, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - U Koert
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - M Dürr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
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2
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Schneider P, Keller P, Schubert I, Bender M, Trautmann C, Dürr M. Bond-specific fragmentation of oligopeptides via electronic stopping of swift heavy ions in molecular films. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17975. [PMID: 36289262 PMCID: PMC9605986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly bond-specific fragmentation of oligopeptides induced by swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation was investigated by means of mass spectrometry. In pronounced contrast to measurements of samples irradiated with keV ions, oligopeptides which were exposed to 946 MeV Au ions show a high abundance of specific fragments. The highly bond-specific nature of SHI-induced fragmentation is attributed to electronic stopping as the most relevant energy loss mechanism for SHI in the oligopeptide samples in combination with the subsequent coupling between the excited electronic and the atomic subsystem. Fragmentation induced by SHI is observed to be further influenced by the structure of the oligopeptides, suggesting that electronic excitation and/or the electronic-vibrational coupling depend on the details of the molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Schneider
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - P. Keller
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - I. Schubert
- grid.159791.20000 0000 9127 4365GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Bender
- grid.159791.20000 0000 9127 4365GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany ,grid.449475.f0000 0001 0669 6924Fachbereich Ingenieurwissenschaften, Hochschule RheinMain, Kurt-Schumacher-Ring 18, 65197 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - C. Trautmann
- grid.159791.20000 0000 9127 4365GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany ,grid.6546.10000 0001 0940 1669Fachbereich Materialwissenschaften, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Dürr
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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3
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Adamkiewicz A, Bohamud T, Reutzel M, Höfer U, Dürr M. Tip-induced β-hydrogen dissociation in an alkyl group bound on Si(001). J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:344004. [PMID: 34111848 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0a1c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atomic-scale chemical modification of surface-adsorbed ethyl groups on Si(001) was induced and studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy. Tunneling at sample bias >+1.5 V leads to tip-induced C-H cleavage of aβ-hydrogen of the covalently bound ethyl configuration. The reaction is characterized by the formation of an additional Si-H and a Si-C bond. The reaction probability shows a linear dependence on the tunneling current at 300 K; the reaction is largely suppressed at 50 K. The observed tip-induced surface reaction at room temperature is thus attributed to a one-electron excitation in combination with thermal activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adamkiewicz
- Fachbereich Physik and Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - T Bohamud
- Fachbereich Physik and Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - M Reutzel
- Fachbereich Physik and Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - U Höfer
- Fachbereich Physik and Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - M Dürr
- Fachbereich Physik and Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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4
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Schneider P, Verloh F, Portz A, Aoyagi S, Rohnke M, Dürr M. Direct Analysis of Ion-Induced Peptide Fragmentation in Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15604-15610. [PMID: 33170642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Primary-ion-induced fragmentation in organic molecules can strongly influence the results in secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) of organic and biomolecular samples. In order to characterize this ion-induced fragmentation, oligopeptide samples irradiated in SIMS experiments were investigated by means of desorption/ionization induced by neutral SO2 clusters (DINeC). The latter is a nondestructive desorption method for mass spectrometry of biomolecules, which gives direct access to the fragments induced in the sample. Comparison of TOF-SIMS and DINeC mass spectra revealed qualitative differences between the fragments, which remain in the sample and the fragments sputtered during ion bombardment. The fragmentation strength and its spatial distribution were found to be quantitatively different for Bi1+, Bi3+, and Ar1000+ primary ions, leading to different distributions of the degree of fragmentation in the samples as directly measured by means of DINeC depth profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schneider
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - F Verloh
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.,Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A Portz
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - S Aoyagi
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University, 3-3-1, Kichijyoji-kitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
| | - M Rohnke
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Dürr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Zentrum für Materialforschung, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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5
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Salabura P, Adamczewski-Musch J, Arnoldi-Meadows B, Belounnas A, Belyaev A, Blanco A, Blume C, Böhmer M, Borisenko S, Chlad L, Chudoba P, Ciepał I, Dittert D, Dreyer J, Esmail W, Dürr M, Fabbietti L, Fateev S, Fonte P, Friese J, Fröhlich I, Förtsch J, Galatyuk T, Gernhäuser R, Golosov O, Golubeva M, Greifenhagen R, Guber F, Gumberidze M, Harabasz S, Hensch R, Höhne C, Holzmann R, Huck H, Ierusalimov A, Ivashkin A, Kämpfer B, Kampert KH, Kardan B, Koenig I, Koenig W, Kornakov G, Kornas F, Kotte R, Kozela A, Kres I, Kuboś J, Kugler A, Kulesa P, Ladygin V, Lalik R, Lebedev A, Lebedev S, Linev S, Lopes L, Lorenz M, Lykasov G, Mahmoud T, Malige A, Markert J, Matulewicz T, Maurus S, Metag V, Michel J, Morozov S, Müntz C, Naumann L, Nowakowski K, Otto JH, Patel V, Pauly C, Pechenov V, Pechenova O, Petukhov O, Pfeifer D, Piasecki K, Pietraszko J, Prozorov A, Przygoda W, Pysz K, Ramstein B, Rathod N, Reshetin A, Ritman L, Rodriguez-Ramos P, Rost A, Salabura P, Scozzi F, Seck F, Selyuzhenkov I, Shabanov I, Singh US, Smyrski J, Spies S, Ströbele H, Stroth J, Stumm J, Svoboda O, Szala M, Tlusty P, Traxler M, Ungethüm C, Vazquez-Doce O, Wagner V, Weber A, Wendisch C, Wiebusch M, Wintz P, Wirth J, Zhilin A, Zumbruch P. Exploring time like tranistions in pp, πp and AA reactions with HADES. EPJ Web Conf 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202024101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiative transition of an excited baryon to a nucleon with emission of a virtual massive photon converting to dielectron pair (Dalitz decays) provides important information about baryon-photon coupling at low q2 in timelike region. A prominent enhancement in the respective electromagnetic transition Form Factors (etFF) at q2 near vector mesons ρ/ω poles has been predicted by various calculations reflecting strong baryon-vector meson couplings. The understanding of these couplings is also of primary importance for the interpretation of the emissivity of QCD matter studied in heavy ion collisions via dilepton emission. Dedicated measurements of baryon Dalitz decays in proton-proton and pion-proton scattering with HADES detector at GSI/FAIR are presented and discussed. The relevance of these studies for the interpretation of results obtained from heavy ion reactions is elucidated on the example of the HADES results.
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6
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Bohamud T, Reutzel M, Dürr M, Höfer U. Dynamics of proton transfer reactions on silicon surfaces: OH-dissociation of methanol and water on Si(001). J Chem Phys 2019; 150:224703. [PMID: 31202240 DOI: 10.1063/1.5092804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction dynamics of methanol and water on Si(001) were investigated by means of molecular beam techniques. The initial sticking probability s0 was determined as a function of the kinetic energy of the incoming molecules, Ekin, and surface temperature, Ts. For both, methanol and water, a nonactivated reactional channel was observed; the dynamics were found to be determined by the reaction into the datively bonded intermediate state. A low conversion barrier was deduced for the conversion from this intermediate into the final state. It is attributed to the reaction mechanism, which proceeds via proton transfer from the OH-group of the datively bonded molecules to a Si surface atom. Despite this low conversion barrier, adsorption into the intermediate and further reaction via proton transfer were found to be largely decoupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bohamud
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - M Reutzel
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - M Dürr
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - U Höfer
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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7
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Schneider P, Dürr M. Cluster-induced desorption investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations-Microsolvation in clusters of polar and non-polar constituents. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:214301. [PMID: 31176317 DOI: 10.1063/1.5095512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The desorption of surface-adsorbed molecules induced by cluster-surface collisions of neutral molecular clusters, in particular, SO2 clusters, was investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The desorption efficiency was found to be in general much higher for clusters of polar molecules when compared to nonpolar cluster constituents, for both nonpolar and polar adsorbates. In all cases, desorption is shown to proceed via dissolvation of the analyte in the cluster. In systems with nonpolar cluster constituents, the process is mainly driven by the increase in the entropy of the dissolved analyte in a larger cluster fragment. The latter process is enhanced by polar cluster constituents since the respective clusters show lower fragmentation at comparable kinetic energy and thus provide in average larger cluster fragments for the analytes to be dissolved in. In systems with clusters of polar constituents and polar adsorbates, the process is most efficient due to the additional energetic stabilization of the desorbed molecule in the solvation shell formed in the cluster fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schneider
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Dürr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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8
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Länger C, Heep J, Nikodemiak P, Bohamud T, Kirsten P, Höfer U, Koert U, Dürr M. Formation of Si/organic interfaces using alkyne-functionalized cyclooctynes-precursor-mediated adsorption of linear alkynes versus direct adsorption of cyclooctyne on Si(0 0 1). J Phys Condens Matter 2019; 31:034001. [PMID: 30523882 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaefc3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of ethynyl-cyclopropyl-cyclooctyne (ECCO), an alkyne-functionalized cyclooctyne, on Si(0 0 1) was studied by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Together, XPS and STM results clearly indicate chemoselective adsorption of ECCO on Si(0 0 1) via a [2+2] cycloaddition of the strained triple bond of cyclooctyne without reaction of the ethynyl group. The results are compared to the adsorption of acetylene on Si(0 0 1): C2H2 adsorbs on Si(0 0 1) via a precursor-mediated reaction channel as it was shown by means of temperature dependent measurements of the sticking probability as well as by means of STM experiments at variable temperature. On the other hand, cyclooctyne adsorbs on Si(0 0 1) via a direct reaction channel. This qualitative difference in the reaction pathways of the two functionalities leads to the observed chemoselective adsorption of ECCO via the strained triple bond of cyclooctyne. As the ethynyl group stays intact, monolayers of ECCO on Si(0 0 1) form a well defined interface between the silicon substrate and further organic molecular layers which can be attached to the ethynyl functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Länger
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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9
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Adamczewski-Musch J, Akishin P, Becker K, Bendarouach J, Deveaux C, Dürr M, Eschke J, Förtsch J, Heep J, Höhne C, Ivanishchev D, Kampert K, Kochenda L, Kravtsov P, Kres I, Lebedev S, Lebedeva E, Linev S, Mahmoud T, Malaev M, Michel J, Miftakhov N, Niebur W, Otto J, Ovcharenko E, Patel V, Pauly C, Pfeifer D, Riabov Y, Roshchin E, Samsonov V, Tarasenkova O, Traxler M, Tyts D, Vznuzdaev M, Weber A, Zumbruch P. Event reconstruction of free-streaming data for the RICH detector in the CBM experiment. EPJ Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201921401043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment is a dedicated heavy ion collision experiment at the FAIR facility. It will be one of the first HEP experiments which works in a triggerless mode: data received in the DAQ
from the detectors will not be associated with events by a hardware trigger anymore. All raw data within a giventime period will be collected continuously in containers, so-called time-slices. The task of the reconstruction algorithms is to create events out of this raw data stream. In this contribution, the optimization of the reconstruction software in the RICH detector to the free-streaming data flow is presented. The implementation of ring reconstruction algorithms which use time measurements of the hits as an additional parameter is discussed.
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Brixius K, Beyer A, Mette G, Güdde J, Dürr M, Stolz W, Volz K, Höfer U. Second-harmonic generation as a probe for structural and electronic properties of buried GaP/Si(0 0 1) interfaces. J Phys Condens Matter 2018; 30:484001. [PMID: 30406767 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aae85b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical second-harmonic generation is demonstrated to be a sensitive probe of the buried interface between the lattice-matched semiconductors gallium phosphide and silicon with (0 0 1) orientation. Ex situ rotational anisotropy measurements on GaP/Si heterostructures show a strong isotropic component of the second-harmonic response not present for pure Si(0 0 1) or GaP(0 0 1). The strength of the overlaying anisotropic response directly correlates with the quality of the interface as determined by atomically resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy. Systematic comparison of samples fabricated under different growth conditions in metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy reveals that the anisotropy for different polarization combinations can be used as a selective fingerprint for the occurrence of anti-phase domains and twins. This all-optical technique can be applied as an in situ and non-invasive monitor even during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brixius
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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11
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Middendorp R, Klinkenberg M, Dürr M. Uranium oxide microparticle suspensions for the production of reference materials for micro-analytical methods. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Vats N, Rauschenbach S, Sigle W, Sen S, Abb S, Portz A, Dürr M, Burghard M, van Aken PA, Kern K. Electron microscopy of polyoxometalate ions on graphene by electrospray ion beam deposition. Nanoscale 2018; 10:4952-4961. [PMID: 29485651 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00402a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (AC-HRTEM) has enabled atomically resolved imaging of molecules adsorbed on low-dimensional materials like carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide and few-layer-graphene. However, conventional methods for depositing molecules onto such supports lack selectivity and specificity. Here, we describe the chemically selective preparation and deposition of molecules-like polyoxometalate (POM) anions [PW12O40]3- using electrospray ion-beam deposition (ES-IBD) along with high-resolution TEM imaging. This approach provides access to sub-monolayer coatings of intact molecules on freestanding graphene, which enables their atomically resolved ex situ characterization by low-voltage AC-HRTEM. The capability to tune the deposition parameters in either soft or reactive landing mode, combined with the well-defined high-vacuum deposition conditions, renders the ES-IBD based method advantageous over alternative methods such as drop-casting. Furthermore, it might be expanded towards depositing and imaging large and nonvolatile molecules with complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vats
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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13
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Dürr M, Lachmann N, Zukunft B, Schmidt D, Budde K, Brakemeier S. Late Conversion to Belatacept After Kidney Transplantation: Outcome and Prognostic Factors. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:1747-1756.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Portz A, Baur M, Gebhardt CR, Frank AJ, Neuderth P, Eickhoff M, Dürr M. Influence of the cluster constituents' reactivity on the desorption/ionization process induced by neutral SO 2 clusters. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:134705. [PMID: 28390387 DOI: 10.1063/1.4979488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of the chemical nature of the cluster constituents on the desorption/ionization process was investigated for desorption/ionization induced by neutral SO2 clusters (DINeC). The polar clusters act as a transient matrix in which the desorbed analyte molecules are dissolved during the desorption process. For drop-cast samples, the desorption/ionization efficiency was found to be largely independent of the pH value of the initial solution the samples were prepared from; positive ions were almost always dominant and no multiply charged negative ions were observed. The results were traced back to the interaction of SO2 with water present in the samples. Both H/D exchange experiments and surface charge measurements showed that SO2 from the cluster beam interacts with water on and in the sample forming sulfurous acid. The latter then acts as an efficient proton supply leading to an enhanced ionization efficiency. The results demonstrate the possibility to control the ionization efficiency when using reactive cluster constituents in desorption-based ionization methods such as DINeC and cluster-based secondary ion mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Portz
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Baur
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - C R Gebhardt
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 4, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - A J Frank
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - P Neuderth
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Eickhoff
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Dürr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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15
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Middendorp R, Dürr M, Knott A, Pointurier F, Ferreira Sanchez D, Samson V, Grolimund D. Characterization of the Aerosol-Based Synthesis of Uranium Particles as a Potential Reference Material for Microanalytical Methods. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4721-4728. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Middendorp
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety (IEK-6), D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - M. Dürr
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety (IEK-6), D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - A. Knott
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety (IEK-6), D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | - V. Samson
- Swiss
Light Source, Paul-Scherrer-Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Grolimund
- Swiss
Light Source, Paul-Scherrer-Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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Brakemeier S, Dürr M, Bachmann F, Schmidt D, Gaedeke J, Budde K. Risk Evaluation and Outcome of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Kidney Transplant Patients. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:2924-2930. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Paliege A, Bamoulid J, Bachmann F, Staeck O, Halleck F, Khadzhynov D, Brakemeier S, Dürr M, Budde K. [Immunosuppression and its use in kidney transplantation]. Urologe A 2016; 54:1376-84. [PMID: 26459580 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-015-3909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current immunosuppressive protocols effectively prevent acute rejection of renal allografts. Extensive drug toxicity and the deleterious effects of long-term immunosuppression are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article is to provide an overview over modern immunosuppressants and their unwanted side effects and to discuss strategies for improved long-term transplant survival. METHODS Review of the current topic-related literature and discussion of our own experience. RESULTS The use of antibody induction together with an initial combination therapy of calcineurin inhibitors, mycophenolate and steroids is recommended and results in excellent early outcomes. Detrimental effects include an increased incidence of infections, malignomas, and cardiovascular diseases. Long-term transplant survival is impaired by extensive drug toxicity and the frequent development of donor specific antibodies. Reduction of overall cumulative exposure to immunosuppressants or the reduction of specific toxic drugs such as calcineurin inhibitors and steroids may improve long-term results. Alternative immunosuppressants like mTOR inhibitors and belatacept appear to be effective and safe but their long-term effects on patient and allograft survival needs to be established in clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS Current immunosuppressants provide effective protection from renal allograft rejection. However, their use is complicated by serious side effects. In the future, development of novel immunosuppressants and optimization of minimization strategies may help to improve long-term success after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paliege
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - J Bamoulid
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - F Bachmann
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - O Staeck
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - F Halleck
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - D Khadzhynov
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - S Brakemeier
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - M Dürr
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - K Budde
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
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Engstler AJ, Degen C, Dürr M, Sellmann C, Jin CJ, Schattenberg JM, Bergheim I. P-14ROLE OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA IN THE REGULATION OF ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN THE LIVER: STUDIES IN OB/OB MICE. Alcohol Alcohol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv080.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Lee BJ, Baur M, Gebhardt CR, Dürr M. Quantification of the ionization probability during desorption/ionization of oligopeptides induced by neutral cluster impact. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2013; 27:1090-1094. [PMID: 23592213 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Desorption-and-ionization induced by neutral cluster impact is a soft and matrix-free method, which leads to the formation of free ions of oligopeptides and smaller proteins without fragmentation. As a prerequisite for its successful application in bioanalytics, especially with respect to sensitivity, the ionization efficiency, i.e., the ion-to-neutral ratio of the desorbing molecules, was determined. METHODS Neutral SO2 clusters of 10(3) to 10(4) molecules in size were seeded in a pulsed He beam and used to desorb and ionize oligopeptides by means of cluster surface impact. The samples were prepared by drop casting a well-defined amount of substance on the substrate surface; the desorbing ions were identified by means of time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the ion current leaving the surface was determined for positive ions, which predominate in the investigated oligopeptides. RESULTS For angiotensin II, bradykinin (1-7), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (34-39), the number of ions desorbed from the respective samples was compared with the amount of substance applied on the substrate. Assuming that all biomolecules were desorbed during the experiment, the ion-to-neutral ratio or ionization efficiency η was determined. For the tested molecules, values of η between 0.5% and 3% were observed; the substrate material and the total amount of substance applied were shown to have a minor effect on the results. CONCLUSIONS The ion-to-neutral ratio in desorption/ionization of oligopeptides induced by neutral cluster impact was determined to be of the order of 10(-3) to 10(-2). The soft and matrix-free nature of the method in combination with this value of η might be interesting for applications in bioanalytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-J Lee
- Fakultät Angewandte Naturwissenschaften, Hochschule Esslingen, Esslingen, Germany
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Lee BJ, Gebhardt C, Schröder H, Kompa K, Dürr M. Observation of ionic desorption channels in cluster-induced desorption of alkali halides – Influence of surface electronic properties and surface configuration. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Dürr M, Krais C, Peschmann C, Capanni F, Engleder T. Development of a Patient-Specific Carbon-Prosthesis to Support Sporting Activities. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-4349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- K Budde
- Department of Nephrology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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27
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Liu Y, Ye D, Liu J, Rudenko A, Tschuch S, Dürr M, Siegel M, Morgner U, Gong Q, Moshammer R, Ullrich J. Multiphoton double ionization of Ar and Ne close to threshold. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:173002. [PMID: 20482105 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.173002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In kinematically complete studies we explore double ionization (DI) of Ne and Ar in the threshold regime (I>3x10{13} W/cm{2}) for 800 nm, 45 fs pulses. The basic differences are found in the two-electron momentum distributions-"correlation" (CO) for Ne and "anticorrelation" (ACO) for Ar-that can be partially explained theoretically within a 3D classical model including tunneling. Transverse electron momentum spectra provide insight into "Coulomb focusing" and point to correlated nonclassical dynamics. Finally, DI threshold intensities, CO as well as ACO regimes are predicted for both targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunquan Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Gopal R, Simeonidis K, Moshammer R, Ergler T, Dürr M, Kurka M, Kühnel KU, Tschuch S, Schröter CD, Bauer D, Ullrich J, Rudenko A, Herrwerth O, Uphues T, Schultze M, Goulielmakis E, Uiberacker M, Lezius M, Kling MF. Three-dimensional momentum imaging of electron wave packet interference in few-cycle laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:053001. [PMID: 19792493 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.053001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using a reaction microscope, three-dimensional (3D) electron (and ion) momentum (P) spectra have been recorded for carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) stabilized few-cycle ( approximately 5 fs), intense ( approximately 4 x 10(14) W/cm2) laser pulses (740 nm) impinging on He. Preferential emission of low-energy electrons (E(e)<15 eV) to either hemisphere is observed as a function of the CEP. Clear interference patterns emerge in P space at CEPs with maximum asymmetry, interpreted as attosecond interferences of rescattered and directly emitted electron wave packets by means of a simple model.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gopal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Liu Y, Tschuch S, Rudenko A, Dürr M, Siegel M, Morgner U, Moshammer R, Ullrich J. Strong-field double ionization of Ar below the recollision threshold. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:053001. [PMID: 18764387 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.053001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nonsequential double ionization of Ar by 45 fs laser pulses (800 nm) at (4-7)x10;{13} W/cm;{2} was explored in fully differential measurements. Well below the field-modified recollision threshold we enter the multiphoton regime. Strongly correlated back-to-back emission of the electrons along the polarization direction is observed to dominate in striking contrast to all previous data. No effect of Coulomb repulsion can be found, the predicted cutoff in the sum-energy spectra of two emitted electrons is confirmed, and the potential importance of multiple recollisions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunquan Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
The autopsy--as the lesson of death--should be an integrated constituent of our affairs of health services. Beside its task for teaching and training as well as the post-autopsy follow-up with families, the autopsy plays a vital role for the quality assessment and the health statistics as the basis for the health care policy. By the introduction of the DRG system (diagnosis related groups), as a lump sum based charging system of inpatients regardless of diagnostic procedures and therapy and the equalization of costs for similar services calculations, should also include the costs of autopsy. The quality assurance is garanteed and independently attained by the autopsy service. Moreover, this is the only way to overcome the danger of abolishing essential diagnostic and therapeutic procedures because of economic pressure. However, the impact of the autopsy service is widely neglected. Therefore, widespread information about this matter in the medical profession, in the general public and in politics is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dürr
- Gesundheits- und Sozialdepartement des Kantons Luzern
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31
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Dürr M, Dorn A, Ullrich J, Cao SP, Czasch A, Kheifets AS, Götz JR, Briggs JS. (e,3e) on helium at low impact energy: the strongly correlated three-electron continuum. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:193201. [PMID: 17677618 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.193201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Double ionization of the helium atom by slow electron impact (E(0)=106 eV) is studied in a kinematically complete experiment. Because of a low excess energy E(exc)=27 eV above the double ionization threshold, a strongly correlated three-electron continuum is realized. This is demonstrated by measuring and calculating the fully differential cross sections for equal energy sharing of the final-state electrons. While the electron emission is dominated by a strong Coulomb repulsion, also signatures of more complex dynamics of the full four-body system are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dürr
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Dürr M, Rosselli S, Yasuda A, Nelles G. 2006 Volume 110B Band-Gap Engineering of Metal Oxides for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. J Phys Chem B 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/jp068105x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Mixed oxides Ti(1-x)Zr(x)O2 with 0 < x < or = 0.2 were synthesized by means of thermal hydrolysis for use in dye-sensitized solar cells. The lattice parameter d is observed to increase linearly with Zr content x. The band gap of the mixed oxides was measured to increase by up to 0.2 eV. The respective shift of the conduction band edge leads to an increase of the open circuit voltage (V(OC)) by up to 0.1 V. Among others, temperature-dependent measurements of V(OC) clearly identify the correlation between band edge shift and change in V(OC).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dürr
- Materials Science Laboratory, Sony Deutschland GmbH, 70327 Stuttgart, Germany. [corrected]
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Dürr M, Dimopoulou C, Najjari B, Dorn A, Ullrich J. Three-dimensional images for electron-impact single ionization of He: complete and comprehensive (e, 2e) benchmark data. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:243202. [PMID: 16907237 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.243202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive fully differential cross sections for electron emission into all three spatial dimensions are presented for 1 keV and 102 eV electron-impact single ionization of helium using an advanced reaction microscope. Surprising out-of-plane contributions, traced back to an interference term in a perturbation expansion by comparison with ion-impact data, severely challenge theoretical models that accurately predict coplanar emission. The data represent the ultimate benchmark for recently developed exact theoretical descriptions of the most fundamental three-body quantum problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dürr
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Dürr M, Höfer U. Comment on "Atomistic view of the recombinative desorption of H2 from H/Si(100)". Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:209601; discussion 209602. [PMID: 16803216 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.209601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Dürr
- Materials Science Laboratory Sony Deutschland GmbH Hedelfinger Strasse 61 D-70327 Stuttgart, Germany
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37
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Borneff-Lipp M, Kaetzke A, Dürr M, Schmitt B, Feldmann I. FP2.07 Biological Indicators - Optimal Handling for a Maximum of Recovery Rate. J Hosp Infect 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(06)60016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Dürr M, Melms A, Bischof F. Mechanismen endogener Reaktivierung autoreaktiver T Helfer Zellen, die Schüben von Autoimmunität im ZNS vorausgehen. Akt Neurol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-919405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Dürr M. [Cost containement in health care--the perspective of a governor of public health]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2005; 94:1115-6. [PMID: 16078752 DOI: 10.1024/0369-8394.94.28.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Dürr
- Gesundheits- und Sozialdirektor des Kantons Luzern
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Okpara-Hofmann J, Knoll M, Dürr M, Schmitt B, Borneff-Lipp M. Comparison of low-temperature hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization for endoscopes using various Sterrad models. J Hosp Infect 2005; 59:280-5. [PMID: 15749314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2004.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2002] [Accepted: 09/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the effectiveness of sterilizing four types of endoscope using different models of the Sterrad system (Sterrad 50, 100, 100S and 200). Sterilization levels meeting international requirements were attained in all cases with carriers inoculated with Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores. The endoscopes were tested in half cycles ('overkill'). This is the first study to compare the Sterrad models marketed to date in terms of effective sterilization of endoscopes with narrow lumens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Okpara-Hofmann
- Institute of Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Johann-Andreas-Segner-Str. 12, D-06097 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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Abstract
The adsorption of ruthenium-dye molecules out of ethanol solution onto TiO2 particles of nanoporous TiO2 films was used to study the molecules' diffusion through these layers by means of optical absorption spectrometry. Dependent on pore size, porosity, and particle size, effective diffusion constants as low as D(eff) = 4 x 10(-9) cm2/s were deduced from the uptake curves by applying a simple model for combined diffusion and adsorption. These diffusion constants for diffusion through the nanoporous network are up to 3 orders of magnitude lower than in bulk ethanol and are discussed with respect to the properties of the nanoporous material.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dürr
- Materials Science Laboratory, Sony Deutschland GmbH, 70327 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Baeder-Bederski O, Dürr M, Borneff-Lipp M, Kuschk P, Netter R, Daeschlein G, Mosig P, Müller RA. Retention of Escherichia coli in municipal sewage by means of planted soil filters in two-stage pilot plant systems. Water Sci Technol 2005; 51:205-12. [PMID: 16042260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Different types of constructed wetlands in a pilot-plant system were fed with identical municipal waste water to compare the sanitisation process in two-stage systems. With combinations of a vertical and a horizontal flow filter an E. coli reduction of 5 log10 with an E. coli influent concentration of 10(7) MPN/100 ml was achieved. Using different filter materials in each stage the total performance of the two-stage system was independent from the sequence of these materials. However, using coarser filter material in the first stage makes the filter less prone to clogging and is thus the preferential option with regard to operational reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Baeder-Bederski
- UFZ Center for Environmental Research Leipzig - Halle Ltd., Leipzig, Germany.
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Dürr M, Kron G, Rau U, Werner JH, Yasuda A, Nelles G. Diffusion-limited transport of I[sub 3][sup −] through nanoporous TiO[sub 2]-polymer gel networks. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:11374-8. [PMID: 15634095 DOI: 10.1063/1.1812741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tri-iodide transport in a polymer gel electrolyte embedded in nanoporous TiO(2) networks and its diffusion limits are investigated by means of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of simple Pt-gel-Pt sandwich devices with a thin porous TiO(2) layer sintered directly onto one of the Pt electrodes. At voltages between 0.2 and 0.7 V, the I-V curves of such devices show the typical plateau of diffusion-limited redox reactions, in this case I(-)/I(3) (-), at the platinum electrodes. From the dependence of the limiting current density on layer thickness, the diffusion constants D(bulk) and D(p,eff) of tri-iodide in the bulk polymer gel and through a polymer gel penetrated TiO(2) network, respectively, have been found to be D(bulk)=3.2(+/-0.2)x10(-6) cm(2)/s and D(p,eff)=1.5(+/-0.1)x10(-6) cm(2)/s. Temperature-dependent measurements show diffusion in the gel to be activated by about 0.16 eV. The results are discussed in comparison to diffusion in liquid electrolytes as well as with respect to the implications for dye-sensitized solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dürr
- Materials Science Laboratories, Sony International (Europe) GmbH, 70327 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Baeder-Bederski O, Kuschk P, Mosig P, Müller R, Borneff-Lipp M, Dürr M. REDUCING FAECAL GERMS IN MUNICIPAL SEWAGE USING PLANTED SOIL FILTERS: INITIAL RESULTS OF A PILOT PLANT SYSTEM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2004.643.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
The influence of molecular vibrations on the reaction dynamics of H2 on Si(001) as well as isotopic effects have been investigated by means of optical second-harmonic generation and molecular beam techniques. Enhanced dissociation of vibrationally excited H2 on Si(001)2 x 1 has been found corresponding to a reduction of the mean adsorption barrier to 390 meV and 180 meV for nu=1 and nu=2, respectively. The adsorption dynamics of the isotopes H2 and D2 show only small differences in the accessible range of beam energies between 50 meV and 350 meV. They are traced back to different degrees of vibrational excitation and do not point to an important influence of quantum tunneling in crossing the adsorption barrier. The sticking probability of H2 on the 7 x 7-reconstructed Si(111) surface was found to be activated both by H2 kinetic energy and surface temperature in a qualitatively similar fashion as H2/Si(001)2 x 1. Quantitatively, the overall sticking probabilities of H2 on the Si(111) surface are about one order of magnitude lower than on Si(001), the influence of surface temperature is generally stronger.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dürr
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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Harder F, Kirchhof N, Petrovic S, Schmittwolf C, Dürr M, Müller AM. Developmental potentials of hematopoietic and neural stem cells following injection into pre-implantation blastocysts. Ann Hematol 2003; 81 Suppl 2:S20-1. [PMID: 12611062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells are able to differentiate in vivo into all cell types of the fetal and adult organism and in vitro they can differentiate into a variety of cell types. In contrast, multipotent somatic stem cells (SSCs) isolated from fetal and adult tissues differentiate into mature effector cells of their tissue. However, recent studies imply that SSCs can also generate cell types of heterologous tissues indicating unexpected broad differentiation potentials. In order to examine and compare the developmental potentials of SSCs, we exposed hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) to an environment that is permissive for the development of all cell types of the embryo, namely the mouse preimplantation blastocyst. Using this approach we were able to detect progeny of HSCs and NSCs frequently in developing chimeric animals. Analysis of 18 different adult tissues revealed minor preferences of HSCs for hematopoietic tissues, while progeny of NSCs were mostly detected in neural tissues. Furthermore we observe that human cord blood-derived CD34+ and CD34+/CD38- HSCs also engraft murine embryos and that human donor contribution persists into adulthood. Our studies show the existence of tissue specific engraftment preferences of HSCs and NSCs and that both stem cell types are non-ES cell-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Harder
- Institute of Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ), University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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Kentsch J, Dürr M, Schnelle T, Gradl G, Müller T, Jager M, Normann A, Stelzle M. Microdevices for separation, accumulation, and analysis of biological micro- and nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 150:82-9. [PMID: 16468936 DOI: 10.1049/ip-nbt:20031127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microfabrication and performance of a novel microsystem for separation, accumulation and analysis of biological micro- and nanoparticles is reported. Versatile chip functions based on dielectrophoresis and microfluidics were integrated to isolate particles from complex sample solutions such as serum. A bead-based assay for virus detection is proposed. Separation of micro- and sub-mum beads employing dielectrophoretic deflector and bandpass structures is demonstrated. Individual antibody coated beads with hepatitis A virus bound to their surface were trapped by negative dielectrophoresis in a field cage and analysed by fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kentsch
- Naturwissenschaftliches und Medizinisches Institut, Reutlingen, GermanyEvotec Technologies GmbH, Hamburg, GermanyHumboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Berlin, GermanyFraunhofer-Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, St. Ingbert, GermanyMediagnost GmbH, Reutlingen, Germany
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Abstract
The ability of scanning tunneling microscopy to probe the pathways of thermally activated high-barrier surface processes is frequently limited by competing low-barrier processes that can confuse measurement of the true initial and final configuration. We introduce an approach to circumvent this difficulty by driving the surface process with nanosecond laser heating. The method is applied to determine the pathway of recombinative desorption in the H/Si(001) system. The observed configuration of dangling bonds after laser heating reveals that the desorbed hydrogen molecules are not formed on single dimers, but rather from neighboring silicon dimers via an interdimer reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dürr
- Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Dürr M, Hu Z, Biedermann A, Höfer U, Heinz TF. Real-space study of the pathway for dissociative adsorption of H2 on Si(001). Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:046104. [PMID: 11801144 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.046104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dissociative adsorption of molecular hydrogen on clean Si(001) surfaces has been investigated by means of scanning tunneling microscopy. The dissociated hydrogen atoms are found to occupy Si atoms of adjacent dimers. In addition to this interdimer configuration associated with the adsorption of isolated hydrogen molecules, pairs of adjacent doubly occupied dimers are readily formed. They arise from the enhanced reactivity of partially occupied dimers following the initial H2 adsorption step. The results are considered in light of recent adsorption and desorption measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dürr
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Piepenbrock N, Dürr M, Malquarti V, Toellner R. [Medical instruction in academic handbooks in France in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries]. Rev Hist Sci Paris 2001; 44:447-56. [PMID: 11632991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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