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Wieczorek MN, Zhou W, Jeleń HH, Pawliszyn J. Automated sequential SPME addressing the displacement effect in food samples. Food Chem 2024; 439:138093. [PMID: 38043285 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The displacement effect can be an issue for the quantitation of analytes with low affinity towards the extraction phase in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for food samples that have low level of binding matrix or high level of hydrophobic compounds. In this communication, automated sequential SPME-GC-MS strategy was developed for addressing the displacement issue. The SPME thin film with PDMS coating was firstly used for the extraction of hydrophobic components in the sample which cause displacement and then SPME fiber with DVB/CAR/PDMS coating was applied in the second step for the extraction of the remain compounds. This new strategy was investigated by using 10 key food odorants as target analytes and tested in commercial beer samples. The results suggested that sequential SPME can decrease the displacement effect and improve the extraction efficiency for polar analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna N Wieczorek
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Henryk H Jeleń
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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2
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Liu Y, Zhou S, Kuang Y, Feng X, Wang Z, Shen Z, Zhou N, Zheng J, Ouyang G. Nitrogen-rich covalent organic framework as a practical coating for effective determinations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Talanta 2024; 271:125655. [PMID: 38237278 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are high-profile organic pollutants to be poisonous, carcinogenic, and mutagenic, and widely distributed at trace levels in the environment. In order to effectively enrich PAHs, two stable covalent organic frameworks (COFs, TAPT-OMe-PDA and TPB-DMTP) were prepared by combining 2,4,6-tri(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TAPT) and 1,3,5-tri(4-aminophenyl) benzene (TAPB) with 2,5-dimethoxy-phenyl-1,4-diformaldehyde (OMe-PDA), respectively. Even though the surface area of TAPT-OMe-PDA was much lower than that of TPB-DMTP, it still demonstrated much better extraction efficiencies towards PAHs as the solid phase microextraction (SPME) coating. Therefore, the TAPT-OMe-PDA coated fiber was coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to establish a practical and sensitive method, after the extraction parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, desorption temperature, desorption time, salt concentration and pH) were optimized. This developed analytical method showed wide linear ranges, low limits of detection, good repeatability and reproducibility. Finally, five PAHs in three water samples were detected and quantified precisely (2.72-38.7 ng·L-1) with satisfactory recoveries (88.3%-118%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, Hunan, PR China
| | - Suxin Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Yixin Kuang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519082, PR China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Zitao Shen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Ningbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Juan Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519082, PR China.
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519082, PR China; School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
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3
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Xiong J, Tian L, Shen X, Huang C. Comparison of the applicability of electromembrane extraction and liquid-phase microextraction for extraction of non-polar basic drugs from different biological samples: Using clozapine as the model analyte. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300745. [PMID: 38356226 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Understanding and comparing the applicability of electromembrane extraction (EME) and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) is crucial for selecting an appropriate microextraction approach. In this work, EME and LPME based on supported liquid membranes were compared using biological samples, including whole blood, urine, saliva, and liver tissue. After optimization, efficient EME and LPME of clozapine from four biological samples were achieved. EME provided higher recovery and faster mass transfer for blood and liver tissue than LPME. These advantages were attributed to the electric field disrupting clozapine binding to interfering substances. For urine and saliva, EME demonstrated similar recoveries while achieving faster mass transfer rates. Finally, efficient EME and LPME were validated and evaluated combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The coefficient of determination of all methods was greater than 0.999, and all methods showed acceptable reproducibility (≤14%), accuracy (90%-110%), and matrix effect (85%-112%). For liver and blood with high viscosity and complex matrices, EME-LC-MS/MS provided better sensitivity than LPME-LC-MS/MS. The above results indicated that both EME and LPME could be used to isolate non-polar basic drugs from different biological samples, although EME demonstrated higher recovery rates for liver tissue and blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xiong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linxin Tian
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiantao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuixiu Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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4
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Goryński K, Sobczak Ł, Kołodziej D. Developing and Evaluating the Greenness of a Reliable, All-in-One Thin-Film Microextraction Protocol for Determining Fentanyl, Methadone, and Zolpidem in Plasma, Urine, and Oral Fluid. Molecules 2024; 29:335. [PMID: 38257248 PMCID: PMC10818652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes an all-in-one microextraction-based protocol capable of determining and quantifying fentanyl, methadone, and zolpidem in plasma, urine, and saliva at concentrations below those required by international regulatory organizations. A homemade thin-film microextraction device featuring an octyl-cyanopropyl stationary phase was coupled with LC-MS/MS. The proposed method was developed and validated according to FDA criteria, providing extraction efficiency values ranging from 26.7% to 76.2% with no significant matrix effects (2.6% to 15.5% signal suppression). The developed protocol provided low limits of quantification (mostly equal to 1 ng mL-1) and good reproducibility (intra- and inter-day RSDs of less than 9.6% and 12.0%, respectively) and accuracy (89% to 104% of the test concentration). An assessment of the protocol's environmental impact indicated that attention must be devoted to eliminating the use of toxic reagents and developing its capability for in situ sampling and in-field analysis using portable instruments. The proposed TFME-based protocol provides clinical laboratories with a versatile, one-step tool that enables the simultaneous monitoring of fentanyl, methadone, and zolpidem using the most popular biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Goryński
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sobczak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dominika Kołodziej
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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5
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Li P, Xu S, Han Y, He H, Liu Z. Machine learning-empowered cis-diol metabolic fingerprinting enables precise diagnosis of primary liver cancer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2553-2561. [PMID: 36908957 PMCID: PMC9993839 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05541d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cis-diol metabolic reprogramming evolves during primary liver cancer (PLC) initiation and progression. However, owing to the low concentrations and highly structural heterogeneity of cis-diols in vivo, severe interference from complex biofluids and limited profiling coverage of existing methods, in-depth profiling of cis-diol metabolites and linking their specific changes with PLC remain challenging. Besides, due to the low specificity of widely used protein biomarkers, accurate classification of PLC from hepatitis still represents an unmet need in clinical diagnostics. Herein, to high-coverage profile cis-diols and explore the translational potential of them as biomarkers, a machine learning-empowered boronate affinity extraction-solvent evaporation assisted enrichment-mass spectrometry (MLE-BESE-MS) was developed. A single analytical platform integrated with multiple complementary functions, including pH-controlled boronate affinity extraction, solvent evaporation-assisted enrichment and nanoelectrospray ionization-based cis-diol identification, was constructed, which significantly improved the metabolite coverage. Meanwhile, by virtue of machine learning (principal components analysis, orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis and random forest), collected cis-diols were statistically screened to extract efficient features for precise PLC diagnosis, and the results outperform the routinely used protein biomarker-based methods both in sensitivity (87.5% vs. less than 70%) and specificity (85.7% vs. ca. 80%). This machine learning-empowered integrated MS platform advanced the targeted metabolic analysis for early cancer diagnosis, rendering great promise for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-8968-5639
| | - Shuxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-8968-5639
| | - Yanjie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-8968-5639
| | - Hui He
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-8968-5639
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-8968-5639
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6
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Jiang RW, Jaroch K, Pawliszyn J. Solid-phase microextraction of endogenous metabolites from intact tissue validated using a Biocrates standard reference method kit. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:55-62. [PMID: 36816540 PMCID: PMC9937786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved analytical methods for the metabolomic profiling of tissue samples are constantly needed. Currently, conventional sample preparation methods often involve tissue biopsy and/or homogenization, which disrupts the endogenous metabolome. In this study, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers were used to monitor changes in endogenous compounds in homogenized and intact ovine lung tissue. Following SPME, a Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ assay was applied to make a downstream targeted metabolomics analysis and confirm the advantages of in vivo SPME metabolomics. The AbsoluteIDQ kit enabled the targeted analysis of over 100 metabolites via solid-liquid extraction and SPME. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between conventional liquid extractions from homogenized tissue and SPME results for both homogenized and intact tissue samples. In addition, principal component analysis revealed separated clustering among all the three sample groups, indicating changes in the metabolome due to tissue homogenization and the chosen sample preparation method. Furthermore, clear differences in free metabolites were observed when extractions were performed on the intact and homogenized tissue using identical SPME procedures. Specifically, a direct comparison showed that 47 statistically distinct metabolites were detected between the homogenized and intact lung tissue samples (P < 0.05) using mixed-mode SPME fibers. These changes were probably due to the disruptive homogenization of the tissue. This study's findings highlight both the importance of sample preparation in tissue-based metabolomics studies and SPME's unique ability to perform minimally invasive extractions without tissue biopsy or homogenization while providing broad metabolite coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runshan Will Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Karol Jaroch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, 85-089, Poland
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada,Corresponding author.
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7
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High-surface β-Ketoenamine linked covalent organic framework driving broad-spectrum solid phase microextraction on multi-polar aromatic esters. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1220:340040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Yu J, Xu XB, Murtada K, Pawliszyn J. Untargeted analysis of microbial metabolites and unsaturated fatty acids in salmon via hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced solid-phase microextraction arrow. Food Chem 2022; 380:132219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Wieczorek MN, Zhou W, Pawliszyn J. Sequential thin film-solid phase microextraction as a new strategy for addressing displacement and saturation effects in food analysis. Food Chem 2022; 389:133038. [PMID: 35483299 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is robust, selective, sensitive, and can be automated. However, low extraction phase to sample volume ratio sometimes results in saturation, competition, or swelling phenomena in complex samples. A sequential extraction method using two thin-film SPME (TF-SPME) devices with different selectivities was developed. The sequential application of the thin films provided higher extraction capacities, while avoiding swelling, saturation, and displacement effects, and enabled the quantitative determination of all compounds in the analyzed samples, independent of their polarity and affinity to extraction phases. In the first step, a TF-SPME device with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coating was used to deplete non-polar and other compounds present at high concentrations in the sample, which are typically associated with the undesirable phenomena. In the second step, a TF-SPME device coated with a combination of hydrophobic/lipophilic balanced (HLB) particles and PDMS (HLB/PDMS) was applied for the direct microextraction of the remaining compounds, including polar compounds left over after the first step. The proposed method resulted in decreased levels of interference and yielded encouraging analytical data for beer samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna N Wieczorek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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10
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Jafari Z, Reza Hadjmohammadi M. Enhancing enrichment ability of Co-Al- layered double hydroxides-mixed matrix membrane microextraction by deep eutectic solvent for analysis of warfarin in biological samples and its quantification via high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Modeling the effect of temperature on solid-phase microextraction of volatile organic compounds from air by polydimethylsiloxane coating using finite element analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1195:339431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Hong C, Dong Y, Zhu R, Yan Y, Shen X, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Huang C. Effect of sample matrices on supported liquid membrane: Efficient electromembrane extraction of cathinones from biological samples. Talanta 2021; 240:123175. [PMID: 34972062 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of sample matrix on electromembrane extraction (EME) was investigated for the first time using cathinones (log P < 1.0) as polar basic model analytes. Ten supported liquid membranes (SLMs) were tested for EME from spiked buffer solutions, urine, and whole blood samples, respectively. For buffer solutions, SLMs containing aromatic solvents provided higher EME recovery than non-aromatic solvents, which confirmed the significance of cation-π interactions for EME of basic substances. Interestingly, when applied to urine and whole blood samples, aromatic SLMs were less efficient, while non-aromatic SLMs containing abundant hydrogen-bond acidity/basicity were efficient. These observations were explained by SLM fouling, and the antifouling property of the SLM was clearly dependent on the nature of the SLM solvent. Accordingly, a binary SLM containing aromatic 1-ethyl-2-nitrobenzene (ENB) and non-aromatic 1-undecanol (1:1 v/v) was developed. This binary SLM was not prone to fouling, and provided high recoveries of cathinones from urine and whole blood. EME based on this SLM was optimized and evaluated in combination with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the linear ranges with R2 ≥ 0.9903 for cathinones in whole blood and urine were 5-200 ng/mL and 1-200 ng/mL, respectively. The LOD and LOQ of cathinones were ranged from 0.12 to 0.54 ng/mL and 0.38-1.78 ng/mL, respectively. The repeatability and accuracy bias at three levels were ≤11% and within 10%, respectively. In addition, the matrix effect ranged from 88% to 118% was also in compliance with guidelines for bioanalytical method validation provided by the European Medicines Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbao Hong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ruiqin Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yibo Yan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiantao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chuixiu Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Nazdrajić E, Murtada K, Pawliszyn J. The Effect of Sorbent Particles in a Binder on the Mass Transfer Kinetics in Separation Media: In Silico Study and Experimental Verification. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14764-14772. [PMID: 34699167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Selecting the optimal binder and the sorbent affinity for selected compounds can cause the composite to behave either as an efficient extraction coating, as a permeable membrane, or as an impermeable barrier. If the compound partitions onto the sorbent with high preference, it becomes stationary and the composite behaves as an impermeable barrier, while appropriately optimized affinity will result in effective permeation. To understand this phenomenon, we utilize solid-phase microextraction to characterize the mass transfer attributes of different separation composites. Our results indicate that for strong sorbents, the extraction rate is primarily controlled by the diffusion in the extraction phase rather than the sample matrix, even if it is relatively thin. Low analyte diffusion is caused by the retarding force generated by the partitioning of analytes into the sorbent, as migration through the composite is driven by the unbound form of the compound in the binder. One of the main contributions of this work is that an understanding of the extraction composite parameters that control mass transfer during extraction enables better optimization of binder/sorbent extraction phase composition for a given application. Another contribution of this work shows how a heterogeneous coating model can be simplified into a homogeneous coating model. The developed models enable an enhanced understanding of mass transfer kinetics, and they provide insight into how to optimize the extraction phase parameters for a given method involving sorbent particles in polymeric media, including membranes and paints, in addition to extraction coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Nazdrajić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Khaled Murtada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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14
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SPME-GC–MS for the off-gassing analysis of a complex museum object. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry variants for metabolomics research. Nat Methods 2021; 18:733-746. [PMID: 33972782 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) variants currently represent the best tools to tackle the challenges of complexity and lack of comprehensive coverage of the metabolome. UHPLC offers flexible and efficient separation coupled with high-sensitivity detection via HRMS, allowing for the detection and identification of a broad range of metabolites. Here we discuss current common strategies for UHPLC-HRMS-based metabolomics, with a focus on expanding metabolome coverage.
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16
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Occurrence of Selected Known or Suspected Endocrine-Disrupting Pesticides in Portuguese Surface Waters Using SPME-GC-IT/MS. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8060081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiresidue analytical methodology based on a solid-phase microextraction (SPME), followed by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC–IT/MS), has been developed for trace analysis of 20 known or suspected endocrine-disrupting pesticides. The SPME conditions are optimized considering several key parameters to obtain the maximum sensitivity. After the optimization, the method validation is performed, and the limits of detection (ranged from 2–150 ng/L) and the coefficient of determination (above 0.990) of studied compounds are determined for all the analytes. A robust sampling of twenty sampling points of surface water samples from the north and center of Portugal is performed, and the validated methodology is applied. In total, 20 compounds from four chemical families (13 organochlorine, 1 organophosphorus, 2 dicarboximide, and 4 pyrethroids) are studied, and the pesticides most frequently detected are eight organochlorine pesticides (α-, β-HCHs, lindane, HCB, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, α-endosulfan), cypermethrin, and vinclozolin.
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17
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Chen L, Singh V, Rickert D, Khaled A, Pawliszyn J. High throughput determination of free biogenic monoamines and their metabolites in urine using thin-film solid phase microextraction. Talanta 2021; 232:122438. [PMID: 34074423 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UPLC-MS/MS methods are the gold standard for routine, high-throughput measurements of biogenic monoamines for the diagnosis of catecholamine-producing tumors. However, this cannot be achieved without employing efficient sample pretreatment methods. Therefore, two pretreatment methods, thin-film solid phase microextraction (TF-SPME) and packed fibers solid phase extraction (PFSPE), were developed and evaluated for the analysis of biogenic monoamines and their metabolites in urine. A hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) coating was chosen for the thin-film blade format SPME method and compared with a Polycrown ether (PCE) composite nanofiber used as an adsorbent for the PFSPE method. Under optimal conditions, the absolute extraction recovery and relative matrix effect of the newly developed TF-SPME method were determined to be 35.7-74.8% and 0.47-3.63%, respectively. The linearity was 0.25-500 ng mL-1 for norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, normetanephrine 3-methoxytyramine, serotonin, histamine, and 0.1-500 ng mL-1 for metanephrine. The intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 0.7-8.7%, and the respective accuracies were calculated to be 90.8-104.7% and 89.5-104.5% for TF-SPME. Compared with the PFSPE method, the TF-SPME method had a higher extraction efficiency, lower matrix effects and a wider linear range for eight target substances, which ensured higher accuracy of simultaneous detection of all compounds of interest. Therefore, the proposed TF-SPME method can be employed for the high throughput screening for neuroendocrine tumors in a routine clinical setting and other relative research by simultaneous quantitation of urine eight biological monoamines in a single run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Daniel Rickert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Abir Khaled
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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18
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Multi-class pesticide analysis in cannabis oil using coated blade spray and solid-phase microextraction with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Talanta 2021; 225:122036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Reyes-Garcés N, Boyacı E, Gómez-Ríos GA, Olkowicz M, Monnin C, Bojko B, Vuckovic D, Pawliszyn J. Assessment of solid phase microextraction as a sample preparation tool for untargeted analysis of brain tissue using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1638:461862. [PMID: 33433374 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work presents an evaluation of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) SPME in combination with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) as an analytical approach for untargeted brain analysis. The study included a characterization of the metabolite coverage provided by C18, mixed-mode (MM, with benzene sulfonic acid and C18 functionalities), and hydrophilic lipophilic balanced (HLB) particles as sorbents in SPME coatings after extraction from cow brain homogenate at static conditions. The effects of desorption solvent, extraction time, and chromatographic modes on the metabolite features detected were investigated. Method precision and absolute matrix effects were also assessed. Among the main findings of this work, it was observed that all three tested coating chemistries were able to provide comparable brain tissue information. HLB provided higher responses for polar metabolites; however, as these fibers were prepared in-house, higher inter-fiber relative standard deviations were also observed. C18 and HLB coatings offered similar responses with respect to lipid-related features, whereas MM and C18 provided the best results in terms of method precision. Our results also showed that the use of methanol is essential for effective desorption of non-polar metabolites. Using a reversed-phase chromatographic method, an average of 800 and 1200 brain metabolite features detected in positive and negative modes, respectively, met inter-fibre RSD values below 30% (n=4) after removal of fibre and solvent artefacts from the associated datasets. For features detected using a lipidomics method, a total of 900 and 1800 features detected using C18 fibers in positive and negative mode, respectively, met the same criteria. In terms of absolute matrix effects, the majority of the model metabolites tested showed values between 80 and 120%, which are within the acceptable range. Overall, the findings of this work lay the foundation for further optimization of parameters for SPME-LC-HRMS methods suitable for in vivo and ex vivo brain (and other tissue) untargeted studies, and support the applicability of this approach for non-destructive tissue metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ezel Boyacı
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Mariola Olkowicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Cian Monnin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dajana Vuckovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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20
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Kasperkiewicz A, Pawliszyn J. Multiresidue pesticide quantitation in multiple fruit matrices via automated coated blade spray and liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2020; 339:127815. [PMID: 32836024 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Application of ambient mass spectrometry techniques to accelerate analysis of pesticides in produce, with technique validation via chromatographic separation, has not been explored extensively. In this work, coated blade spray (CBS) was used to provide freedom of instrumental choice for a multiresidue panel of pesticides in apple, blueberry, grape, and strawberry through direct-coupling with mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatographic (LC) analyses. For all four matrices, >125 compounds were found to meet European Union guidelines concerning linearity, precision, and accuracy while both CBS-MS/MS and SPME-LC-MS/MS methods achieved limits of quantitation below their minimum regulatory limits. Additionally, results for samples containing residues (n = 57) yielded good agreement between instrumental methods (percent differences < 20% for 73% residues), supporting CBS as a stand-alone technique or complement to LC confirmation of pesticides in fruit matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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21
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Javanmardi H, Abbasi A, Bagheri H. Roles of metal, ligand and post synthetic modification on metal organic frameworks to extend their hydrophobicity and applicability toward ultra-trace determination of priority organic pollutants. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1125:231-246. [PMID: 32674770 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Implementation of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in the separation science has attracted many researchers attention. In this study, the role of metal, ligand, the reaction condition and modification on the extraction efficiency of some MOFs was investigated. Among the prevalent reported MOFs, some members of the MIL and MOF-5 families were chosen, and eleven MOF-based sorbents were prepared by changing the metal and ligand type, reaction condition, and/or functionality through post synthetic modification (PSM). MIL-101 and MIL-101-NH2 based structures were initially synthesized based on the chromium and iron salts. Also, three zinc-based structures including MOF-5, [NH2(CH3)2]2 [Zn3(C6H4(CO2)2)4].DMF.H2O and [NH2(CH3)2]2 [Zn3((C6H4)2(CO2)2)4].5DMF were synthesized. The PSM hydrophobic-oriented products of MILs were obtained by their reactions with benzyl alcohol. The resulted MOFs were characterized by FT-IR, PXRD, SEM, BET, BJH, water contact angle and TG analyses. The extraction trends of these nanostructures were studied toward some priority environmental pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorobenzenes (CBs), and benzene homologs. The extraction procedures were performed via adapting a home-made headspace needle trap extraction (HS-NTE) setup, and determinations were followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among all the synthesized nanostructures, the chromium-based PSM product of MIL-101-NH-CH2C6H5 proves its improved extraction capability for most of the model compounds. Eventually, the superior MOF was applied as the extractive phase in a HS-NTE-GC-MS method for isolation and trace determination of PAHs, in tea, coffee, and some other environmental water samples. Under the optimized conditions, the linear dynamic range (LDR) was in the range of 1-1000 ng L-1 (R2 > 0.992) while the limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) values were 0.1-0.2 and 0.3-0.7 ng L-1, respectively. Also, the extraction capability of the Cr-based MIL-101-NH-CH2C6H5 was compared with commercial polydimethyl siloxane-divinyl benzene (PDMS-DVB) fiber coating. The intra-and inter-day relative standard deviations for three replicates at the concentration levels of 20 and 500 ng L-1 were in the range of 4-7% and 5-10%, respectively. The needle-to-needle reproducibility was also found to be in the range of 6-10%. Acceptable relative recovery values at the concentration levels of 20 and 500 ng L-1 ranged from 89 to 98%, showing no significant matrix effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Javanmardi
- Environmental and Bio-Analytical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abbasi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Bagheri
- Environmental and Bio-Analytical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Zhao H, Bojko B, Liu F, Pawliszyn J, Peng W, Wang X. Mechanism of interactions between organophosphorus insecticides and human serum albumin: Solid-phase microextraction, thermodynamics and computational approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126698. [PMID: 32302901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphates insecticides (OPs) are one of the major environmental pollutants and their interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) has been shown to have significant effects on their bioavailability which is related to toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics in human body. In this research, solid-phase microextraction methods were developed to analyse the free concentrations of three OPs (chlorpyrifos, parathion-methyl and malathion) in buffered HSA solution and that provide a useful method for the determination of binding affinity constants (Ka), binding forces and binding location. Polydimethylsiloxane fibers were selected for analysing the free concentrations of OPs, with an external calibration approach. Good linearities conducted in PBS solution were observed in the range of 0.0025-1.7 μmol L-1 (R2 = 0.9975) for chlorpyrifos, 1.0-27 μmol L-1 (R2 = 0.9974) for parathion-methyl, and 0.5-70 μmol L-1 (R2 = 0.9973)for malathion, respectively. The LODs for instrument response were 1 ng, 5 ng and 10 ng for chlorpyrifos, parathion-methyl and malathion, respectively. The Ka values for chlorpyrifos, parathion-methyl and malathion showed that they were positively correlated with hydrophobicity and negatively correlated with temperature. The OP binding sites on HSA were confirmed by site marker competition test and further proven by computational approaches. The recognition region of parathion-methyl was situated within residues 199-292 in subdomain IIA. Malathion bonded to residues 404-558 in subdomain IIIA. The mode of action between HSA-parathion-methyl and HSA-malathion is found to involve mainly by H-bonds, π-π stacking and hydrophobic effects. These results clearly demonstrate the noncovalent binding of OPs with HSA and provide new insight into solid-phase microextraction, thermodynamics and computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Zhao
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Fengmao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Kamgang Nzekoue F, Angeloni S, Caprioli G, Cortese M, Maggi F, Marconi UMB, Perali A, Ricciutelli M, Sagratini G, Vittori S. Fiber-Sample Distance, An Important Parameter To Be Considered in Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Applications. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7478-7484. [PMID: 32380828 PMCID: PMC8007069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
![]()
To
define and control the parameters which impact headspace solid-phase
microextraction (HS-SPME), it is important to reach the highest level
of reproducibility. The present study aims to assess, for the first
time, the effect of fiber–sample distance during HS-SPME in
pre-equilibrium conditions. Analyses were primarily performed on mixtures
of standard volatiles compounds (alkanes, alcohols, organic acids)
designed in our lab and then on various food matrices (wine, chicken,
cheese, tea), repeating already published experiments. Extractions
were performed varying fiber penetration depths (10–60 mm)
at different times (10–60 min) and temperatures of extraction
(30–80 °C). The study revealed that variation of the
distance between the fiber and the sample into the vial clearly impacts
the results obtained during HS-SPME when conditions are such that
no equilibrium is reached in HS. For example, in wine analysis, the
percentage of octanoic acid at 80 °C was higher at 40 mm (7.5
± 0.2%) than that at 20 mm (4.4 ± 0.3%). Moreover, regardless
of the extraction temperature, the lower the time of extraction, the
stronger the dependence on the fiber–sample distance. Indeed,
at 60 °C, the obtained response factors for octadecane at 20
and 40 mm of fiber penetration were 21.8 and 44.5, respectively, after
10 min of extraction, 54.1 and 71.0 after 30 min, and 79.4 and 82.4
after 60 min of extraction. The analyses have been here corroborated
by a theoretical model based on the diffusion equation. Therefore,
to improve the method robustness during HS-SPME studies, we suggest
specifying the fiber penetration depth or the fiber–sample
distance with the other parameters of extraction.
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24
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Liu YD, Xin GZ, Li W, Liu FJ, Yao ZP, Di X. A novel liquid-liquid-solid microextraction strategy for bio-sample preparation by in situ self-assembly of zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 on hollow fiber membrane. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1095:118-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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25
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Huq M, Tascon M, Nazdrajic E, Roszkowska A, Pawliszyn J. Measurement of Free Drug Concentration from Biological Tissue by Solid-Phase Microextraction: In Silico and Experimental Study. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7719-7728. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Huq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Marcos Tascon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Emir Nazdrajic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Anna Roszkowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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26
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Reyes-Garcés N, Gionfriddo E. Recent developments and applications of solid phase microextraction as a sample preparation approach for mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics and lipidomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Liu S, Pan G, Yang H, Cai Z, Zhu F, Ouyang G. Determination and elimination of hazardous pollutants by exploitation of a Prussian blue nanoparticles-graphene oxide composite. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1054:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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28
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Tascon M, Singh V, Huq M, Pawliszyn J. Direct Coupling of Dispersive Extractions with Magnetic Particles to Mass Spectrometry via Microfluidic Open Interface. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4762-4770. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Tascon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mohammad Huq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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29
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Khaled A, Gionfriddo E, Acquaro V, Singh V, Pawliszyn J. Development and validation of a fully automated solid phase microextraction high throughput method for quantitative analysis of multiresidue veterinary drugs in chicken tissue. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1056:34-46. [PMID: 30797459 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the development and validation of a fully automated, high-throughput multiclass, multiresidue method for quantitative analysis of 77 veterinary drugs in chicken muscle via direct immersion solid phase microextraction (DI-SPME) and ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization - tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The selected drugs represent more than 12 different classes of drugs characterized by varying physical and chemical properties. A Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) extraction phase, prepared using HLB particles synthesized in-house, yielded the best extraction/desorption performance among four different SPME extraction phases evaluated in the current work. The developed SPME method was optimized in terms of SPME coating and geometry, desorption solvent, extraction and rinsing conditions, and extraction and desorption times. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the optimal desorption solvent for the proposed application. The developed method was validated according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines, taking into account Canadian maximum residue limits (MRLs) and US maximum tolerance levels for veterinary drugs in meat. Method accuracy ranged from 80 to 120% for at least 73 compounds, with relative standard deviation of 1-15%. Inter-day precision ranged from 4 to 15% for 70 compounds. Determination coefficients values were higher than 0.991 for all compounds under study with no significant lack of fit (p > 0.05) at the 5% level. In terms of limits of quantitation, the method was able to meet both Canadian and US regulatory levels for all compounds under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Khaled
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Emanuela Gionfriddo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Vinicius Acquaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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