1
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Zhang T, Sun Y, Feng X, Li J, Zhao W, Xiang G, He L, Zhang S. Construction of MOFs@COFs composite material as stationary phase for efficient separation of diverse organic compounds. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342160. [PMID: 38220292 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of efficent chromatographic stationary phases (SP) with mixed-mode or multiple interactions in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the separation of complex samples is a challenging task. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs)-based SP can provide desired multiple interactions and enable the separation of a diverse range of solutes, but have limitations of low column efficiency and poor stability. RESULTS Herein, the hybrid MOFs@Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) materials were used as SP in HPLC due to their synergistic structural features. The SiO2@NH2-UiO-66@CTF SP was synthesized by integration of NH2-UiO-66 and covalent triazine framework (CTF) onto silica surface. Due to the unique structure of SiO2@NH2-UiO-66@CTF with hierarchical-pores, this column showed higher column efficiency (up to 49,369 plates m-1 for alkylbenzenes) than the reported columns packed with MOFs-based SP. Owing to the Zr4+-N coordination bonding between CTF and NH2-UiO-66, the structural stability of SiO2@NH2-UiO-66@CTF can be improved. Furthermore, this new column exhibited remarkable column stability with relative standard deviation of retention time of <0.40% after 400 injections. With the combined advantages of multifunctional properties, high column efficiency, and good stability, SiO2@NH2-UiO-66@CTF SP showed excellent selectivity for the separation of a variety of hydrophobic, aromatic, heteroatomic, and hydrophilic analytes. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY This work not only offers a promising SP with multiple retention mechanisms for HPLC, but also provides an efficient strategy for development of high column efficiency MOFs-based SP with good stability. Moreover, the MOFs@COFs hybrid materials were expanded in application area through this study, and the research results can also afford the foundation for further explore its structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Yaming Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Xiaxing Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jingna Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Lijun He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Center for Modern Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
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Yang M, Mei H, Jiang Y, Zhang F, Yu Z, Yang B. Simultaneous chromatographic separation of the anomers of saccharides on a polymer sulfobetaine zwitterionic stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300905. [PMID: 38143272 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous chromatographic separation of the anomers of saccharides was achieved by using a polymer zwitterionic stationary phase functionalized by acrylamide-type sulfobetaine. By optimization of separation parameters including column temperature, pH, and flow rate, the column operated in hydrophilic interaction chromatography mode exhibited excellent separation selectivity toward five monosaccharides and their anomers (including ribose, xylose, galactose, glucose, and arabinose) and two disaccharides (lactose and maltose). Baseline separation could be achieved at mild operation conditions such as 20-30°C of column temperature or typical mobile phase composition (85% acetrontrile-15% 20 mM ammonium formate [NH4 FA]) with wide pH tolerance range of 2-8. This offers a rapid way to determine the configuration of α or β anomer of the saccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haokun Mei
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Feifang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ziteng Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bingcheng Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Wang X, Cui J, Zhou J, Wang S, Gu Y, Liu X, Wang S. Preparation of polyacrylamide hydrophilic stationary phases with adjustable performance. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1702:464065. [PMID: 37224587 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polymer modified silica materials are widely used as stationary phases in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), whereas a stationary phase with excellent performance is highly desired. In this study, vinyl modified silica was first synthesized through a silane coupling reaction, and then a polyacrylamide modified silica (PAM-SIL) stationary phase was successfully prepared using acrylamide as a copolymer monomer via free radical polymerization. The retention behaviors of polar analytes on the stationary phase under various chromatographic conditions, including acetonitrile content, buffer concentration and pH values were investigated, and a typical hydrophilic interaction retention mechanism was inferred. Exceptionally, the separation performance of the stationary phases could be regulated by controlling the polymer structure. Model analytes separated rapidly on the stationary phase which has an optimal grafting amount of vinyl, with the highest number of theoretical plates of orotic acid reaching 119,966/m. While the stationary phases with high acrylamide concentrations exhibited enhanced retention behavior and higher resolution for analytes. The adjustable separation performance will have huge potential in future separation and analysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yiming Gu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Centre, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shudong Wang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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Further Evaluation of the Base Stability of Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Columns Packed with Silica or Ethylene-Bridged Hybrid Particles. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the fundamental attributes of a liquid chromatography column is its stability when exposed to acidic and basic mobile phases. However, there have been relatively few reports to date on the stability of hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) columns. Here, we report the results of stability evaluations carried out for HILIC columns packed with ethylene-bridged hybrid or silica particles using accelerated conditions, employing a 100% aqueous pH 11.3 ammonium bicarbonate mobile phase at 70 °C. Under these conditions, the primary mode of column failure was a loss of efficiency due to the formation of voids resulting from the hydrolysis of the particles. We investigated the dependence of stability on the surface area of both unbonded and sulfobetaine-bonded ethylene-bridged hybrid stationary phases. The results show a clear trend of stability increasing as the surface area decreases. Several commercially available HILIC columns that are recommended for use with high-pH mobile phases were also evaluated. The results show times to 50% loss of the initial efficiency ranging from 0.3 to 9.9 h. Columns containing unbonded, sulfobetaine-bonded or diol-bonded ethylene-bridged hybrid stationary phases had longer lifetimes than amino-bonded silica or sulfobetaine-bonded, hybrid-coated, superficially porous silica columns.
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Shen Y, Geng H, Zhang F, Li Z, Yang B. A polyethyleneimine-functionalized polymer substrate polar stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1689:463711. [PMID: 36586280 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A polyethyleneimine (PEI)-functionalized polymer substrate polar stationary phase was prepared for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) by grafting PEI onto poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) (PS-DVB) microspheres. The phase shows a U-shape retention profile and it exhibits typical hydrophilic characteristic when the organic solvent fraction in the mobile phase is > 60%. Hydrogen bonding, anion exchange, and hydrophobic interaction are involved in the retention mechanism. Good separation and unique selectivity for acidic, basic and neutral polar analytes were achieved. It showed extremely low column bleed (comparable to that of blank) under gradient elution mode (even to 50% fraction of water) and wide pH tollerance range (at least 1-13).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East-China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Pharmacy School, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huiliang Geng
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East-China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Pharmacy School, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feifang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East-China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Pharmacy School, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zongying Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East-China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Pharmacy School, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bingcheng Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East-China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Pharmacy School, Shanghai 200237, China.
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6
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A Compendium of the Principal Stationary Phases Used in Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography: Where Have We Arrived? SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) today is a well-known and largely applied technique to analyse polar compounds such as pharmaceuticals, metabolites, proteins, peptides, amino acids, oligonucleotides, and carbohydrates. Due to the large number of stationary phases employed for HILIC applications, this review aims to help the reader in choosing a proper stationary phase, which often represents the critical point for the success of a separation. A great offer is present for achiral applications in contrast to the chiral phases developed for HILIC enantioseparations. In the last case, up-to-date solutions are presented.
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7
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Zheng Q, Liu J, Wu Y, Ji Y, Lin Z. Fluoro-Functionalized Spherical Covalent Organic Frameworks as a Liquid Chromatographic Stationary Phase for the High-Resolution Separation of Organic Halides. Anal Chem 2022; 94:18067-18073. [PMID: 36520852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel stationary phases with specific functionality is of great importance in chromatographic separation. Herein, we fabricated fluoro-functionalized spherical covalent organic frameworks (SF-COFs) via a bottom-up strategy as stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Benefiting from the significant monodispersity, narrow size distribution, and high fluorine content, the SF-COFs packed column showed high column efficiency and excellent resolution for the separation of the organic fluorides involving polyfluorobenzenes, polychlorobenzenes, polybromobenzenes, perfluoroalkyl methacrylates, and halogenated trifluorotoluenes, which cannot be separated on the fluorine-free spherical covalent organic frameworks packed column. Especially, the column efficiency of 20 100-38 500 plates/m was obtained for polyfluorobenzenes, and the relative standard deviations of the retention time for continuous 10 separations of polychlorobenzenes and polybromobenzenes were less than 0.98%. Furthermore, the prepared SF-COFs packed column showed overwhelming superiority in the separation of organic halides compared with commercial C18 and pentafluorophenyl (PFP) packed columns. In addition, the compounds with different hydrophobicity or aromatic ring structure were also successfully separated on the SF-COFs packed column. This work extended the application of spherical COFs and provided a new way to introduce specific functional groups into the COF-based stationary phase for HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Yijing Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Yin Ji
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
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8
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Yang Y, Wang J, Liu R, Quan K, Chen J, Liu X, Qiu H. Grafting of Tetraphenylethylene on Silica Surface, Characterizations, and Their Chromatographic Performance as Reversed-Phase Stationary Phases. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14400-14408. [PMID: 36350796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification is an effective way to functionalize the materials so as to get some special properties. Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) has been widely investigated as a well-known reagent which has the nature of aggregation-induced emission (AIE), but has never been reported in the liquid chromatography stationary phase. In this work, TPE-grafted silica (Sil-TPE) was obtained successfully using the derivative of 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,2-triphenylethylene as a ligand, and then characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, and so forth. Laser scanning confocal microscopy images reflected the AIE phenomenon of grafted TPE because the internal vibration and rotation of TPE molecules were restrained in the confined silica space. The contact angle test showed superhydrophobic properties of Sil-TPE. In order to understand thoroughly the mechanism of chromatographic performance and retention behavior for Sil-TPE, Tanaka test mixture, alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and phenols were separated. This reveals that Sil-TPE has strong aromaticity and certain shape selectivity, especially, has excellent separation performance for PAHs and phenols. The thermodynamic properties and repeatability of Sil-TPE were further studied, which showed the stability of Sil-TPE. This work shows that TPE can be successfully grafted on silica surface and it has the potential to be a new kind of promising stationary phases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Ruirui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources; Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province; Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining810008, China
| | - Kaijun Quan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Jia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Xiuhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou730070, China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, China
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Evaluation of the Base Stability of Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Columns Packed with Silica or Ethylene-Bridged Hybrid Particles. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9060146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Stability as a function of mobile phase pH is an important consideration when selecting a chromatographic column. While the pH stability of reversed-phase columns is widely studied, there are relatively few reports of the stability of hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) columns. We evaluated the stability of silica and ethylene-bridged hybrid HILIC columns when used with mobile phases containing basic buffers. The predominant mode of column degradation observed in our studies was a decrease in efficiency due to voiding, resulting from the hydrolysis of the silica particles. Associated with this were increases in tailing factors. Retention factor changes were also noted but were smaller than the efficiency losses. The dependence of the rate of efficiency decrease on the key variables of temperature, mobile phase pH and water content were studied for an unbonded silica column. The effect of the acetonitrile concentration on the pH of the mixed aqueous/acetonitrile mobile phases was also investigated. Using conditions found to cause a 50% decrease in efficiency after approximately five hours of exposure to the basic solution, we evaluated eight different commercially available HILIC columns containing silica or ethylene-bridged hybrid particles. The results show large differences between the stability of the silica and ethylene-bridged hybrid particle stationary phases, with the latter exhibiting greater stability.
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Geng H, Wang Z, Zhang F, Li Z, Yang B. A hyperbranched polyglycerol-functionalized polymer polar stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1670:462946. [PMID: 35325650 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A polymer polar stationary phase functionalized with hyperbranched polyglycerol for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) is described. It is prepared via surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization of hyperbranched polyglycerol onto hydrolzed poly(glycidyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene) microspheres. The capacity of the functional groups can be maniputed by repeating hyperbranch layers. The phase showed typical HILIC character with good separation performance towards tested polar analytes. It also exhibited wider pH tolerance range (e.g. at least 2 to 12) and as well negligible bleed level under gradient elution mode (even to 50% fraction of water).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Geng
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Pharmacy School, East-China Univ. Sci. Tech., Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Pharmacy School, East-China Univ. Sci. Tech., Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feifang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Pharmacy School, East-China Univ. Sci. Tech., Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zongying Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Pharmacy School, East-China Univ. Sci. Tech., Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bingcheng Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Pharmacy School, East-China Univ. Sci. Tech., Shanghai 200237, China.
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11
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Metal-organic framework-based core-shell composites for chromatographic stationary phases. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Guo Y. A Survey of Polar Stationary Phases for Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography and Recent Progress in Understanding Retention and Selectivity. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5332. [PMID: 35001408 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Various polar stationary phases have become available for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and help drive continuous applications in biomedical, environmental and pharmaceutical areas in the past decade. Although the stationary phases for HILIC have been reviewed previously, it is an appropriate time to take another look at the progresses during the past five years. The current review provides an overview of the polar stationary phases commercially available for HILIC applications in an effort to assist scientists in selecting suitable columns. New types of stationary phase that were published in literature in the past five years are summarized and discussed. The trend in stationary phase research and development is also highlighted. Of particular interest is the experimental evidence for direct interactions of polar analytes with the ligands of the stationary phases under HILIC conditions. In addition, two different approaches have been developed to delineate the relative significance of the partitioning and adsorption mechanisms in HILIC, representing an important advancement in our understanding of the retention mechanisms in HILIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, New Jersey, USA
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13
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Song Z, Li J, Lu W, Li B, Liu J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Chen L. Synthesis and evaluation of fosfomycin group end-capped packing materials for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1656:462529. [PMID: 34520890 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) plays an important role in the analysis of compounds having high polarity. In this study, fosfomycin (F) was chosen as a new end-capping reagent, owing to the facile hydrolysis reaction of its epoxy group. Zirconia coated silica (ZrO2/SiO2) materials having good chemical and physical stability were prepared. D-glucose-6-phosphate (G) and D-fructose1,6-bisphosphate (FDP) were modified onto the inner and outer surfaces of the ZrO2/SiO2 microbeads. The new end-capping reagent (F) was then bonded onto the surface of the modified material through Lewis acid-base interactions. The properties (morphology, Zr content, pore size, pore volume, and carbon content) of the stationary phases (SPs) were characterized. Finally, the resulting end-capped SPs were employed to separate alkaloids and benzoic acids. Multiple interactions, including HILIC, electrostatic repulsion, ion exchange and hydrogen bonding, contributed to the retention of the analytes on the SPs. On the F-FDP-ZrO2/SiO2 column, a theoretical plate number of 31,700 plates/m and an asymmetry factor of 1.63 were achieved for berberine, exhibiting good chromatographic performance. Furthermore, the FDP-ZrO2/SiO2 column showed good acid-base stability and good potential for the analysis of benzoic acid in Sprite and ginsenoside separations. Thus, the results indicated the significant potential of using F as an end-capping reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Song
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Jinhua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Wenhui Lu
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Bowei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Jinqiu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.
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14
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Li Z, Li S, Zhang F, Geng H, Yang B. A hydrolytically stable amide polar stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Talanta 2021; 231:122340. [PMID: 33965018 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel amide functionalized polar stationary phase has been described by grafting acrylamide polymer coating onto hydrolysed poly (glycidyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene) (GMA-DVB) microsphere. The grafting of acrylamide coating is performed via free radical polymerization of acrylamide with pendant double bonds of hydrolysed GMA-DVB microsphere. The obtained stationary phase (G-pAM) possesses favorable hydrophilicity, as proved by strong retention and good separation ability towards several types of model polar analytes (e.g. 71913 plates/m plate count of sucrose), and excellent hydrolytically stability, as indicated by extremely low bleed level (much superior to commercial ones, ~23.7-fold-~77.4-fold lower). Negligible baseline drift under gradient elution (water fraction even up to 50%) was observed. It also exhibits good selectivity in the separation of isomers and homologue sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongying Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shuxiang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Feifang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Huiliang Geng
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Bingcheng Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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15
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Zheng Q, He Y, Ma W, Wu Y, Chen Z, Wang R, Tong W, Lin Z. Facile synthesis of spherical covalent organic frameworks as stationary phases for short-column liquid chromatography. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7501-7504. [PMID: 34259250 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Micron-sized spherical covalent organic frameworks (SCOFs) with tunable sizes, narrow size distribution, and significant mono-dispersity were simply synthesized at room temperature. Thanks to their high specific surface areas, high chemical and mechanical stability, the SCOFs were used for the first time as stationary phases for high-efficiency separation of various small molecules and protein digests via short-column liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Yanting He
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Wende Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Yijing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Zihan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Ran Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Wei Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Zian Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
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16
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Liu X, Jiang Y, Zhang F, Li Z, Yang B. Preparation and evaluation of a polymer-based sulfobetaine zwitterionic stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1649:462229. [PMID: 34038779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a polymer-based sulfobetaine zwitterionic stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). It was prepared by grafting acrylamide-type sulfobetaine monomer instead of common methacrylate-type sulfobetaine onto hydrolysed poly (glycidyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene) (GMA-DVB) microspheres via pendant double bonds of DVB. The phase has been characterized by elemental analysis, scanning electron micrograph and N2 adsorption-desorption experiment. It shows wider pH tolerance range (from 2 to 12) and excellent separation ability towards common strong polar analytes such as nucleosides and nucleic bases, water-soluble vitamins, amino acids, inorganic anions and cations. Notably, it exhibits negligible baseline noise level (~0.15 pA) under typical HILIC mobile phase. Excellent selectivity in separation of α- and β-anomers of reducing sugars and lactose/lactulose has also been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feifang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zongying Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bingcheng Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Shanghai 200237, China.
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17
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Liu M, Jing Y, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Yan H, Song Y, Qiao X. MOF-74@SiO 2 core-shell stationary phase: Preparation and its applications for mixed-mode chromatographic separation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1163:122506. [PMID: 33388523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of versatile mixed-mode stationary phase materials is of important meanings for solving the increasing demands for real sample analysis. Herein, with 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid as the organic ligand and nickel as the metal centre, MOF-74 nanocrystal materials were facilely grafted on the surface of carboxyl-functionalized silica gel via layer-by-layer assembling technique. The structures of the monodisperse MOF-74@SiO2 material were proved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area and pore size analyzer, respectively. Because the introduced 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid is of hydrophilic carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, the packed MOF-74@SiO2 column reveals hydrophilic interaction/reversed-phase mixed-mode retention properties. Compared with commercial C8 column or silica-based column, the MOF-74@SiO2 column shows distrinct separation selectivity in short separation time for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolic compounds and polar sulfonamide compounds. The developed MOF-74@SiO2 column was further successfully applied for the separation and detection of illegal addition of glucocorticoid in children's face cream as well as sulfonamides veterinary drug residues in pure milk. The research provides a simple and convenient approach to prepare multifunctional MOFs-based stationary phase materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanyan Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shangdong 264000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yali Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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18
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Xie M, Brüschweiler R. Degree of N-Methylation of Nucleosides and Metabolites Controls Binding Affinity to Pristine Silica Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10401-10407. [PMID: 33252225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biological molecules interact with silica (SiO2) surfaces with binding affinities that greatly vary depending on their physical-chemical properties. However, the quantitative characterization of biological compounds adsorbed on silica surfaces, especially of compounds involved in fast, reversible interactions, has been challenging, and the driving forces are not well understood. Here, we show how carbon-13 NMR spin relaxation provides quantitative atomic-detail information about the transient molecular binding to pristine silica surfaces, represented by colloidally dispersed silica nanoparticles (SNPs). Based on the quantitative analysis of almost two dozen biological molecules, we find that the addition of N-methyl motifs systematically increases molecular binding affinities to silica in a nearly quantitatively predictable manner. Among the studied compounds are methylated nucleosides, which are common in epigenetic signaling in nucleic acids. The quantitative understanding of N-methylation may open up new ways to detect and separate methylated nucleic acids or even regulate their cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouzhe Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United States
| | - Rafael Brüschweiler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United States
- The Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United States
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19
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Zhao X, Zhang H, Zhou X, Wang L, Wan L, Wu R. One-pot hydrothermal cross-linking preparation of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) immobilized silica stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1633:461656. [PMID: 33166745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrothermally cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) immobilized SiO2 stationary phase (CPVP-Sil) was prepared via a green and facile one-pot method which was demonstrated for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) as well as reverse phase chromatography(RP). A water or organic solvent-insoluble permanent CPVP immobilizing on the silica particle surface can be formed simply by dipping silica particles into PVP solution and low temperature hydrothermal treatment. The cross-linked PVP network coating on SiO2 endow it ring lactam functional groups which exhibited excellent separation ability of polar compounds by a typical HILIC retention mechanism at higher organic solvent contents (>55% ACN) and additionally polyvinyl groups for separation of alkylbenzenes in RP mode(<25% ACN). A high column efficiency of about 7 × 104 plates per meter was obtained for the test catechol compound. Remarkably, the CPVP-Sil packing materials showed good stability in acid (at pH 3.5) or basic (at pH 9.5) conditions, with 5400-fold column volumes and 3500-fold column volumes respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Zhao
- CAS Key laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- CAS Key laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- CAS Key laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Wang
- CAS Key laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lihong Wan
- CAS Key laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ren'an Wu
- CAS Key laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
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20
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A novel process for the preparation of Cys-Si-NIPAM as a stationary phase of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). Talanta 2020; 218:121154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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21
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Li S, Li Z, Zhang F, Geng H, Yang B. A polymer-based zwitterionic stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Talanta 2020; 216:120927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Liu X, Yang C, Zhang F, Geng H, Yang B. A weak cation exchanger by encapsulating silica with maleic anhydride–modified polyvinyl alcohol. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1474-1478. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Liu
- School of PharmacyEast‐China University of Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- School of PharmacyEast‐China University of Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Feifang Zhang
- School of PharmacyEast‐China University of Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Huiliang Geng
- School of PharmacyEast‐China University of Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Bingcheng Yang
- School of PharmacyEast‐China University of Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China
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23
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A polar stationary phase obtained by surface-initiated polymerization of hyperbranched polyglycerol onto silica. Talanta 2020; 209:120525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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24
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Luo Q, Ren X, Wei S, Zheng Y, Gao D, Fu Q, Xia Z, Wang L. Preparation and evaluation of a molybdenum disulfide quantum dots embedded C18 mixed-mode chromatographic stationary phase. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:1365-1374. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Fan C, Tang H, Wang L, Li Y, Wang X, Wang S, Liang X. The preparation of a core–shell stationary phase by the in situ polymerization of a hydrophilic polymer on the surface of silica and its chromatographic performance. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01197e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A method for the in situ polymerization of polymers on a silica surface was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Pharmacy
- Gansu Provincial Hospital
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Licheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Yijing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Shuai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Xiaojing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- China
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26
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High efficiency and simple preparation of polyacrylamide coated silica stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1605:360357. [PMID: 31345618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A polyacrylamide (PAM)-coated silica packing as a novel stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was produced firstly by thermal immobilization. The coated layer was formed by a simple and facile physical method that dipping silica spheres into a PAM solution and then stirring the mixture until the solution was evaporated absolutely, leaving a certain amount of PAM on the silica particles. Although there are no chemical bonds involved, the bleeding measurement and the background noise are acceptable. Polyacrylamide coated silica (PAM-Sil, mean diameter: 5 μm) demonstrated a good hydrophilic property and excellent separation efficiency, which was observed especially for several high polar analytes such as saccharides. It is much higher than bare silica or amino columns under the same conditions. Moreover the obtained stationary phase demonstrated good stability under our operation conditions. The specific preparing method offers an easy and economical way to manipulate the thickness of PAM coating and can be extended as a universal way to produce various polymer coated stationary phases with dipping-heating/stirring-evaporating procedure.
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27
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Cai T, Zhang H, Chen J, Li Z, Qiu H. Polyethyleneimine-functionalized carbon dots and their precursor co-immobilized on silica for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1597:142-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Han Y, Liu M, Li X, Liang P, Song Y, Qiao X. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane grafted silica-based core-shell microspheres for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:331. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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