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Tay DMY, Kim S, Hao Y, Yee EH, Jia H, Vleck SM, Chilekwa M, Voldman J, Sikes HD. Accelerating the optimization of vertical flow assay performance guided by a rational systematic model-based approach. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 222:114977. [PMID: 36516633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have shown to be instrumental in healthcare and disease control. However, they have been plagued by many inefficiencies in the laborious empirical development and optimization process for the attainment of clinically relevant sensitivity. While various studies have sought to model paper-based RDTs, most have relied on continuum-based models that are not necessarily applicable to all operation regimes, and have solely focused on predicting the specific interactions between the antigen and binders. It is also unclear how the model predictions may be utilized for optimizing assay performance. Here, we propose a streamlined and simplified model-based framework, only relying on calibration with a minimal experimental dataset, for the acceleration of assay optimization. We show that our models are capable of recapitulating experimental data across different formats and antigen-binder-matrix combinations. By predicting signals due to both specific and background interactions, our facile approach enables the estimation of several pertinent assay performance metrics such as limit-of-detection, sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio and difference. We believe that our proposed workflow would be a valuable addition to the toolset of any assay developer, regardless of the amount of resources they have in their arsenal, and aid assay optimization at any stage in their assay development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dousabel M Y Tay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Microsystems Technology Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Seunghyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yining Hao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Emma H Yee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Huan Jia
- Antimicrobial Resistance Integrated Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Sydney M Vleck
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Makaya Chilekwa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joel Voldman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Microsystems Technology Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hadley D Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Antimicrobial Resistance Integrated Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore.
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2
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Kongsuphol P, Jia H, Cheng HL, Gu Y, Shunmuganathan BD, Chen MW, Lim SM, Ng SY, Tambyah PA, Nasir H, Gao X, Tay D, Kim S, Gupta R, Qian X, Kozma MM, Purushotorman K, McBee ME, MacAry PA, Sikes HD, Preiser PR. A rapid simple point-of-care assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2021; 1:46. [PMID: 35602218 PMCID: PMC9053278 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-021-00045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) prevent pathogens from infecting host cells. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 NAbs is critical to evaluate herd immunity and monitor vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. All currently available NAb tests are lab-based and time-intensive. Method We develop a 10 min cellulose pull-down test to detect NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 from human plasma. The test evaluates the ability of antibodies to disrupt ACE2 receptor-RBD complex formation. The simple, portable, and rapid testing process relies on two key technologies: (i) the vertical-flow paper-based assay format and (ii) the rapid interaction of cellulose binding domain to cellulose paper. Results Here we show the construction of a cellulose-based vertical-flow test. The developed test gives above 80% sensitivity and specificity and up to 93% accuracy as compared to two current lab-based methods using COVID-19 convalescent plasma. Conclusions A rapid 10 min cellulose based test has been developed for detection of NAb against SARS-CoV-2. The test demonstrates comparable performance to the lab-based tests and can be used at Point-of-Care. Importantly, the approach used for this test can be easily extended to test RBD variants or to evaluate NAbs against other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patthara Kongsuphol
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR-IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Huan Jia
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR-IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Hoi Lok Cheng
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR-IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Bhuvaneshwari D/O Shunmuganathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Ming Wei Chen
- School of Biological Science (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Sing Mei Lim
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR-IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Say Yong Ng
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR-IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Paul Ananth Tambyah
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital (NUH), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119074 Singapore
- The Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme (ID TRP), NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
| | - Haziq Nasir
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital (NUH), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119074 Singapore
| | - Xiaohong Gao
- School of Biological Science (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Dousabel Tay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 25 Ames Street, Building 66, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Seunghyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 25 Ames Street, Building 66, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Rashi Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Xinlei Qian
- Life Sciences Institute (LSI), National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Life Sciences, #05-02, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Mary M. Kozma
- Life Sciences Institute (LSI), National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Life Sciences, #05-02, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Kiren Purushotorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Megan E. McBee
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR-IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Paul A. MacAry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute (LSI), National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Life Sciences, #05-02, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Hadley D. Sikes
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR-IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 25 Ames Street, Building 66, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Peter R. Preiser
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR-IRG), Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
- School of Biological Science (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
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Cavazos-Elizondo D, Sung KJ, Vasikaran S, Aguirre-Soto A, Sikes HD. Functional Comparison of Bioactive Cellulose Materials Incorporating Engineered Binding Proteins. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:392-398. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cavazos-Elizondo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, México
| | - Ki-Joo Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sangita Vasikaran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alan Aguirre-Soto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, México
| | - Hadley D. Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Singapore−MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre (SMART), 1 Create Way, Innovation Tower, Singapore 138602
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4
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Highly sensitive vertical flow based point-of-care immunokit for rapid and early detection of human CRP as a cardiovascular risk factor. Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-00480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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5
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Sung KJ, Jabbour Al Maalouf Y, Johns QR, Miller EA, Sikes HD. Functional comparison of paper-based immunoassays based on antibodies and engineered binding proteins. Analyst 2020; 145:2515-2519. [PMID: 32163071 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00299b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Binding protein scaffolds, such as rcSso7d, have been investigated for use in diagnostic tests; however, the functional performance of rcSso7d has not yet been studied in comparison to antibodies. Here, we assessed the analyte-binding capabilities of rcSso7d and antibodies on cellulose with samples in buffer and 100% human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Joo Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Yam ELY, Hsu LY, Yap EPH, Yeo TW, Lee V, Schlundt J, Lwin MO, Limmathurotsakul D, Jit M, Dedon P, Turner P, Wilder-Smith A. Antimicrobial Resistance in the Asia Pacific region: a meeting report. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:202. [PMID: 31890158 PMCID: PMC6921568 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Asia Pacific region, home to two-thirds of the world's population and ten of the least developed countries, is considered a regional hot-spot for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Despite this, there is a dearth of high-quality regional data on the extent of AMR. Recognising the urgency to close this gap, Singapore organised a meeting to discuss the problems in the region and frame a call for action. Representatives from across the region and beyond attended the meeting on the "Antimicrobial Resistance in the Asia Pacific & its impact on Singapore" held in November 2018. This meeting report is a summary of the discussions on the challenges and progress in surveillance, drivers and levers of AMR emergence, and the promising innovations and technologies that could be used to combat the increasing threat of AMR in the region. Enhanced surveillance and research to provide improved evidence-based strategies and policies are needed. The major themes that emerged for an action plan are working towards a tailored solution for the region by harnessing the One Health approach, enhancing inter-country collaborations, and collaboratively leverage upon new emerging technologies. A regionally coordinated effort that is target-driven, sustainable and builds on a framework facilitating communication and governance will strengthen the fight against AMR in the Asia Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esabelle Lo Yan Yam
- 1Centre for Global Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232 Singapore
| | - Li Yang Hsu
- 2Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Peng-Huat Yap
- 1Centre for Global Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232 Singapore
| | - Tsin Wen Yeo
- 1Centre for Global Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232 Singapore
| | - Vernon Lee
- 2Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,3Public Health Group, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joergen Schlundt
- 4Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre and School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - May O Lwin
- 5Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Direk Limmathurotsakul
- 6Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,7Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Jit
- 8Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,9Modelling and Economics Unit, Public Health England, London, UK.,10School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Peter Dedon
- 11Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.,12Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Paul Turner
- 13Cambodia Oxford Medical Research Unit, Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia.,14Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Annelies Wilder-Smith
- 1Centre for Global Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232 Singapore.,15Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,16Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Schwenke KU, Spiehl D, Krauße M, Riedler L, Ruppenthal A, Villforth K, Meckel T, Biesalski M, Rupprecht D, Schwall G. Analysis of free chlorine in aqueous solution at very low concentration with lateral flow tests. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17212. [PMID: 31748632 PMCID: PMC6868276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Test strips are convenient tools for rapid, semi-quantitative analysis of a variety of parameters by dipping them for a few seconds in a sample solution followed by a simple colorimetric read-out. Their sensitivity is mainly determined by the reactivity of the test dyes on the reaction zone and is not sufficient for some applications. The detection limit of commercially available free chlorine test strips, for example, is at present not low enough to confirm the absence of this analyte as disinfectant in rinsing solutions after disinfection or to control required residual amounts of chlorine in drinking water. Therefore, we developed a user-friendly lateral flow test which is capable to detect very low amounts of free chlorine. The latter relies on a larger sample volume passing the reaction zone as compared to simple dip test strips. An amount of as low as 0.05 ppm chlorine can, however, only be detected if oxidation stable flow test substrates are used. The eventually developed flow test reaches a 10x higher sensitivity than a commercial dip test. The result is obtained within 4–5 min flow time, whereby no action is required by the user during this analysis time.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Uta Schwenke
- Merck Lab @ TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany. .,Science Relations, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Dieter Spiehl
- Merck Lab @ TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Printing Science and Technology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Magdalenenstrasse 2, D-64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marcel Krauße
- Merck Lab @ TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Macromolecular Chemistry and Paper Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Riedler
- Merck Lab @ TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Macromolecular Chemistry and Paper Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anna Ruppenthal
- Merck Lab @ TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Klaus Villforth
- Merck Lab @ TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Paper Technology and Mechanical Process Engineering, Alexanderstrasse 8, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64283, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tobias Meckel
- Merck Lab @ TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Macromolecular Chemistry and Paper Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Biesalski
- Merck Lab @ TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Macromolecular Chemistry and Paper Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Rupprecht
- Merck Lab @ TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Advanced Analytics, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schwall
- Merck Lab @ TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany.,Science Relations, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293, Darmstadt, Germany
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8
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Kim S, Sikes HD. Liposome-Enhanced Polymerization-Based Signal Amplification for Highly Sensitive Naked-Eye Biodetection in Paper-Based Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28469-28477. [PMID: 31291078 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization-based signal amplification (PBA) is a material-based approach to improving the sensitivity of paper-based diagnostic tests. Eosin Y is used as an assay label to photo-initiate free-radical polymerization to produce colored hydrogels in the presence of target analytes captured by bioactive paper. PBA achieves high-contrast and time-independent signals, but its nanomolar detection limit makes it impractical for early diagnosis of many diseases. In this work, we demonstrated efficient localization of large quantities of eosin Y per captured target analyte by incorporating eosin Y-loaded liposomes into PBA. This new "materials approach" allowed 30-fold signal enhancement compared to conventional PBA. To further improve the detection limit of liposome-enhanced PBA, we used a continuous flow-through assay format with 100 μL of analyte solution, achieving sub-nanomolar detection limits with high-contrast signals that were easily discernible to the unaided eye.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadley D Sikes
- Antimicrobial Resistance Integrated Research Group , Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology , 1 Create Way 138602 , Singapore
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