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Bladergroen MR, Pongracz T, Wang W, Nicolardi S, Arbous SM, Roukens A, Wuhrer M. Total plasma N-glycomic signature of SARS-CoV-2 infection. iScience 2024; 27:110374. [PMID: 39100929 PMCID: PMC11294702 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Total plasma protein N-glycosylation (TPNG) changes are a hallmark of many diseases. Here, we analyzed the TPNG of 169 COVID-19 patients and 12 healthy controls, using mass spectrometry, resulting in the relative quantification of 85 N-glycans. We found a COVID-19 N-glycomic signature, with 59 glycans differing between patients and controls, many of them additionally differentiating between severe and mild COVID-19. Tri- and tetra-antennary N-glycans were increased in patients, showing additionally elevated levels of antennary α2,6-sialylation. Conversely, bisection of di-antennary, core-fucosylated, nonsialylated glycans was low in COVID-19, particularly in severe cases, potentially driven by the previously observed low levels of bisection on antibodies of severely diseased COVID-19 patients. These glycomic changes point toward systemic changes in the blood glycoproteome, particularly involvement of acute-phase proteins, immunoglobulins and the complement cascade. Further research is needed to dissect glycosylation changes in a protein- and site-specific way to obtain specific functional leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco R. Bladergroen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Sesmu M. Arbous
- Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Roukens
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - BEAT-COVID group
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - LUMC COVID-19 group
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
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2
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu S, Cheng L, Liu X. Recent advances in N-glycan biomarker discovery among human diseases. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:1156-1171. [PMID: 38910518 PMCID: PMC11464920 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
N-glycans play important roles in a variety of biological processes. In recent years, analytical technologies with high resolution and sensitivity have advanced exponentially, enabling analysts to investigate N-glycomic changes in different states. Specific glycan and glycosylation signatures have been identified in multiple diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, nervous system disorders, and metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. These glycans demonstrate comparable or superior indicating capability in disease diagnosis and prognosis over routine biomarkers. Moreover, synchronous glycan alterations concurrent with disease initiation and progression provide novel insights into pathogenetic mechanisms and potential treatment targets. This review elucidates the biological significance of N-glycans, compares the existing glycomic technologies, and delineates the clinical performance of N-glycans across a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key LaboratorySystems Biology ThemeDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Si Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350122China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory MedicineTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Xin Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key LaboratorySystems Biology ThemeDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
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3
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Pongracz T, Mayboroda OA, Wuhrer M. The Human Blood N-Glycome: Unraveling Disease Glycosylation Patterns. JACS AU 2024; 4:1696-1708. [PMID: 38818049 PMCID: PMC11134357 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Most of the proteins in the circulation are N-glycosylated, shaping together the total blood N-glycome (TBNG). Glycosylation is known to affect protein function, stability, and clearance. The TBNG is influenced by genetic, environmental, and metabolic factors, in part epigenetically imprinted, and responds to a variety of bioactive signals including cytokines and hormones. Accordingly, physiological and pathological events are reflected in distinct TBNG signatures. Here, we assess the specificity of the emerging disease-associated TBNG signatures with respect to a number of key glycosylation motifs including antennarity, linkage-specific sialylation, fucosylation, as well as expression of complex, hybrid-type and oligomannosidic N-glycans, and show perplexing complexity of the glycomic dimension of the studied diseases. Perspectives are given regarding the protein- and site-specific analysis of N-glycosylation, and the dissection of underlying regulatory layers and functional roles of blood protein N-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg A. Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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4
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Pongracz T, Biewenga M, Stoelinga AEC, Bladergroen MR, Nicolardi S, Trouw LA, Wuhrer M, de Haan N, van Hoek B. Autoimmune hepatitis displays distinctively high multi-antennary sialylation on plasma N-glycans compared to other liver diseases. J Transl Med 2024; 22:456. [PMID: 38745252 PMCID: PMC11092172 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in plasma protein glycosylation are known to functionally affect proteins and to associate with liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a liver disease characterized by liver inflammation and raised serum levels of IgG, and is difficult to distinguish from other liver diseases. The aim of this study was to examine plasma and IgG-specific N-glycosylation in AIH and compare it with healthy controls and other liver diseases. METHODS In this cross-sectional cohort study, total plasma N-glycosylation and IgG Fc glycosylation analysis was performed by mass spectrometry for 66 AIH patients, 60 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, 31 primary biliary cholangitis patients, 10 primary sclerosing cholangitis patients, 30 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and 74 patients with viral or alcoholic hepatitis. A total of 121 glycans were quantified per individual. Associations between glycosylation traits and AIH were investigated as compared to healthy controls and other liver diseases. RESULTS Glycan traits bisection (OR: 3.78 [1.88-9.35], p-value: 5.88 × 10- 3), tetraantennary sialylation per galactose (A4GS) (OR: 2.88 [1.75-5.16], p-value: 1.63 × 10- 3), IgG1 galactosylation (OR: 0.35 [0.2-0.58], p-value: 3.47 × 10- 5) and hybrid type glycans (OR: 2.73 [1.67-4.89], p-value: 2.31 × 10- 3) were found as discriminators between AIH and healthy controls. High A4GS differentiated AIH from other liver diseases, while bisection associated with cirrhosis severity. CONCLUSIONS Compared to other liver diseases, AIH shows distinctively high A4GS levels in plasma, with potential implications on glycoprotein function and clearance. Plasma-derived glycosylation has potential to be used as a diagnostic marker for AIH in the future. This may alleviate the need for a liver biopsy at diagnosis. Glycosidic changes should be investigated further in longitudinal studies and may be used for diagnostic and monitoring purposes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Biewenga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Eva Charlotte Stoelinga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Marco René Bladergroen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert Adrianus Trouw
- Department Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart van Hoek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
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5
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Lee J, Park JE, Lee D, Seo N, An HJ. Advancements in protein glycosylation biomarkers for ovarian cancer through mass spectrometry-based approaches. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:249-258. [PMID: 38112537 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2297933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer, characterized by metastasis and reduced 5-year survival rates, stands as a substantial factor in the mortality of gynecological malignancies worldwide. The challenge of delayed diagnosis originates from vague early symptoms and the absence of efficient screening and diagnostic biomarkers for early cancer detection. Recent studies have explored the intricate interplay between ovarian cancer and protein glycosylation, unveiling the potential significance of glycosylation-oriented biomarkers. AREAS COVERED This review examines the progress in glycosylation biomarker research, with particular emphasis on advances driven by mass spectrometry-based technologies. We document milestones achieved, discuss encountered limitations, and also highlight potential areas for future research and development of protein glycosylation biomarkers for ovarian cancer. EXPERT OPINION The association of glycosylation in ovarian cancer is well known, but current research lacks desired sensitivity and specificity for early detection. Notably, investigations into protein-specific and site-specific glycoproteomics have the potential to significantly enhance our understanding of ovarian cancer and facilitate the identification of glycosylation-based biomarkers. Furthermore, the integration of advanced mass spectrometry techniques with AI-driven analysis and glycome databases holds the promise for revolutionizing biomarker discovery for ovarian cancer, ultimately transforming diagnosis and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jua Lee
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daum Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Seo
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Memarian E, Heijmans R, Slieker RC, Sierra A, Gornik O, Beulens JWJ, Hanic M, Elders P, Pascual J, Sijbrands E, Lauc G, Dotz V, Barrios C, 't Hart LM, Wuhrer M, van Hoek M. IgG N-glycans are associated with prevalent and incident complications of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3685. [PMID: 37422864 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Inflammation is important in the development of type 2 diabetes complications. The N-glycosylation of IgG influences its role in inflammation. To date, the association of plasma IgG N-glycosylation with type 2 diabetes complications has not been extensively investigated. We hypothesised that N-glycosylation of IgG may be related to the development of complications of type 2 diabetes. METHODS In three independent type 2 diabetes cohorts, plasma IgG N-glycosylation was measured using ultra performance liquid chromatography (DiaGene n = 1815, GenodiabMar n = 640) and mass spectrometry (Hoorn Diabetes Care Study n = 1266). We investigated the associations of IgG N-glycosylation (fucosylation, galactosylation, sialylation and bisection) with incident and prevalent nephropathy, retinopathy and macrovascular disease using Cox- and logistic regression, followed by meta-analyses. The models were adjusted for age and sex and additionally for clinical risk factors. RESULTS IgG galactosylation was negatively associated with prevalent and incident nephropathy and macrovascular disease after adjustment for clinical risk factors. Sialylation was negatively associated with incident diabetic nephropathy after adjustment for clinical risk factors. For incident retinopathy, similar associations were found for galactosylation, adjusted for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS We showed that IgG N-glycosylation, particularly galactosylation and to a lesser extent sialylation, is associated with a higher prevalence and future development of macro- and microvascular complications of diabetes. These findings indicate the predictive potential of IgG N-glycosylation in diabetes complications and should be analysed further in additional large cohorts to obtain the power to solidify these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Memarian
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Heijmans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUMC, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana Sierra
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d´Investigacions Mediques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUMC, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maja Hanic
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Elders
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julio Pascual
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d´Investigacions Mediques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Viktoria Dotz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Barrios
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d´Investigacions Mediques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUMC, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy van Hoek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Zhang R, Guo L, Sha J, Chang S, Zhao J, Wang K, Wang J, Gu J, Liu J, Ren S. α2,3-Sialylation with Fucosylation Associated with More Severe Anti-MDA5 Positive Dermatomyositis Induced by Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:457-468. [PMID: 37881316 PMCID: PMC10593694 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease associated with numerous myositis specific antibodies (MSAs) in which DM with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive (MDA5 + DM) is a unique subtype of DM with higher risk of developing varying degrees of Interstitial lung disease (ILD). Glycosylation is a complex posttranslational modification of proteins associated with many autoimmune diseases. However, the association of total plasma N-glycome (TPNG) and DM, especially MDA5 + DM, is still unknown. TPNG of 94 DM patients and 168 controls were analyzed by mass spectrometry with in-house reliable quantitative method called Bionic Glycome method. Logistic regression with age and sex adjusted was used to reveal the aberrant glycosylation of DM and the association of TPNG and MDA5 + DM with or without rapidly progressive ILD (RPILD). The elastic net model was used to evaluate performance of glycans in distinguishing RPLID from non-RPILD, and survival analysis was analyzed with N-glycoslyation score by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. It was found that the plasma protein N-glycome in DM showed higher fucosylation and bisection, lower sialylation (α2,3- not α2,6-linked) and galactosylation than controls. In MDA5 + DM, more severe disease condition was associated with decreased sialylation (specifically α2,3-sialylation with fucosylation) while accompanying elevated H6N5S3 and H5N4FSx, decreased galactosylation and increased fucosylation and the complexity of N-glycans. Moreover, glycosylation traits have better discrimination ability to distinguish RPILD from non-RPILD with AUC 0.922 than clinical features and is MDA5-independent. Survival advantage accrued to MDA5 + DM with lower N-glycosylation score (p = 3e-04). Our study reveals the aberrant glycosylation of DM for the first time and indicated that glycosylation is associated with disease severity caused by ILD in MDA5 + DM, which might be considered as the potential biomarker for early diagnosis of RPILD and survival evaluation of MDA5 + DM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-023-00096-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Li Guo
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jichen Sha
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Shuwai Chang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jiangfeng Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Kaiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Shifang Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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8
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Svecla M, Nour J, Bladergroen MR, Nicolardi S, Zhang T, Beretta G, Wuhrer M, Norata GD, Falck D. Impact of Asialoglycoprotein Receptor and Mannose Receptor Deficiency on Murine Plasma N-glycome Profiles. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100615. [PMID: 37414249 PMCID: PMC10462831 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) and the mannose receptor C-type 1 (MRC1) are well known for their selective recognition and clearance of circulating glycoproteins. Terminal galactose and N-Acetylgalactosamine are recognized by ASGPR, while terminal mannose, fucose, and N-Acetylglucosamine are recognized by MRC1. The effects of ASGPR and MRC1 deficiency on the N-glycosylation of individual circulating proteins have been studied. However, the impact on the homeostasis of the major plasma glycoproteins is debated and their glycosylation has not been mapped with high molecular resolution in this context. Therefore, we evaluated the total plasma N-glycome and plasma proteome of ASGR1 and MRC1 deficient mice. ASGPR deficiency resulted in an increase in O-acetylation of sialic acids accompanied by higher levels of apolipoprotein D, haptoglobin, and vitronectin. MRC1 deficiency decreased fucosylation without affecting the abundance of the major circulating glycoproteins. Our findings confirm that concentrations and N-glycosylation of the major plasma proteins are tightly controlled and further suggest that glycan-binding receptors have redundancy, allowing compensation for the loss of one major clearance receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Svecla
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Nour
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M R Bladergroen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Centro SISA per lo studio dell'Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - D Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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9
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Porcino GN, Bladergroen MR, Dotz V, Nicolardi S, Memarian E, Gardinassi LG, Nery Costa CH, Pacheco de Almeida R, Ferreira de Miranda Santos IK, Wuhrer M. Total serum N-glycans mark visceral leishmaniasis in human infections with Leishmania infantum. iScience 2023; 26:107021. [PMID: 37485378 PMCID: PMC10362369 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a clinical form of leishmaniasis with high mortality rates when not treated. Diagnosis suffers from invasive techniques and sub-optimal sensitivities. The current (affordable) treatment with pentavalent antimony as advised by the WHO is possibly harmful to the patient. There is need for an improved diagnosis to prevent possibly unnecessary treatment. N-glycan analysis may aid in diagnosis. We evaluated the N-glycan profiles from active VL, asymptomatic infections (ASYMP) and controls from non-endemic (NC) and endemic (EC) areas. Active VL has a distinct N-glycome profile that associates with disease severity. Our study suggests that the observed glycan signatures could be a valuable additive to diagnosis and assist in identifying possible markers of disease and understanding the pathogenesis of VL. Further studies are warranted to assess a possible future role of blood glycome analysis in active VL diagnosis and should aim at disease specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriane Nascimento Porcino
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Marco René Bladergroen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Viktoria Dotz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Elham Memarian
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Luiz Gustavo Gardinassi
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, Brazil
| | | | - Roque Pacheco de Almeida
- Departamento de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde – PPGCS, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracajú 49060-100, Brazil
| | | | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
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10
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Sharapov SZ, Timoshchuk AN, Aulchenko YS. Genetic control of N-glycosylation of human blood plasma proteins. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:224-239. [PMID: 37293449 PMCID: PMC10244589 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important protein modification, which influences the physical and chemical properties as well as biological function of these proteins. Large-scale population studies have shown that the levels of various plasma protein N-glycans are associated with many multifactorial human diseases. Observed associations between protein glycosylation levels and human diseases have led to the conclusion that N-glycans can be considered a potential source of biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Although biochemical pathways of glycosylation are well studied, the understanding of the mechanisms underlying general and tissue-specific regulation of these biochemical reactions in vivo is limited. This complicates both the interpretation of the observed associations between protein glycosylation levels and human diseases, and the development of glycan-based biomarkers and therapeutics. By the beginning of the 2010s, high-throughput methods of N-glycome profiling had become available, allowing research into the genetic control of N-glycosylation using quantitative genetics methods, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Application of these methods has made it possible to find previously unknown regulators of N-glycosylation and expanded the understanding of the role of N-glycans in the control of multifactorial diseases and human complex traits. The present review considers the current knowledge of the genetic control of variability in the levels of N-glycosylation of plasma proteins in human populations. It briefly describes the most popular physical-chemical methods of N-glycome profiling and the databases that contain genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans. It also reviews the results of studies of environmental and genetic factors contributing to the variability of N-glycans as well as the mapping results of the genomic loci of N-glycans by GWAS. The results of functional in vitro and in silico studies are described. The review summarizes the current progress in human glycogenomics and suggests possible directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zh Sharapov
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Timoshchuk
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y S Aulchenko
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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11
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Moran AB, Elgood-Hunt G, van der Burgt YEM, Wuhrer M, Mesker WE, Tollenaar RAEM, Spencer DIR, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM. Serum N-Glycosylation RPLC-FD-MS Assay to Assess Colorectal Cancer Surgical Interventions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:896. [PMID: 37371476 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A newly developed analytical strategy was applied to profile the total serum N-glycome of 64 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients before and after surgical intervention. In this cohort, it was previously found that serum N-glycome alterations in CRC were associated with patient survival. Here, fluorescent labeling of serum N-glycans was applied using procainamide and followed by sialic acid derivatization specific for α2,6- and α2,3-linkage types via ethyl esterification and amidation, respectively. This strategy allowed efficient separation of specific positional isomers on reversed-phase liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection-mass spectrometry (RPLC-FD-MS) and complemented the previous glycomics data based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS that did not include such separations. The results from comparing pre-operative CRC to post-operative samples were in agreement with studies that identified a decrease in di-antennary structures with core fucosylation and an increase in sialylated tri- and tetra-antennary N-glycans in CRC patient sera. Pre-operative abundances of N-glycans showed good performance for the classification of adenocarcinoma and led to the revisit of the previous MALDI-MS dataset with regard to histological and clinical data. This strategy has the potential to monitor patient profiles before, during, and after clinical events such as treatment, therapy, or surgery and should also be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan B Moran
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Ludger Ltd., Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3EB, UK
| | | | - Yuri E M van der Burgt
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma E Mesker
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Guinevere S M Lageveen-Kammeijer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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McDowell CT, Lu X, Mehta AS, Angel PM, Drake RR. Applications and continued evolution of glycan imaging mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:674-705. [PMID: 34392557 PMCID: PMC8946722 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important posttranslational modifier of proteins and lipid conjugates critical for the stability and function of these macromolecules. Particularly important are N-linked glycans attached to asparagine residues in proteins. N-glycans have well-defined roles in protein folding, cellular trafficking and signal transduction, and alterations to them are implicated in a variety of diseases. However, the non-template driven biosynthesis of these N-glycans leads to significant structural diversity, making it challenging to identify the most biologically and clinically relevant species using conventional analyses. Advances in mass spectrometry instrumentation and data acquisition, as well as in enzymatic and chemical sample preparation strategies, have positioned mass spectrometry approaches as powerful analytical tools for the characterization of glycosylation in health and disease. Imaging mass spectrometry expands upon these strategies by capturing the spatial component of a glycan's distribution in-situ, lending additional insight into the organization and function of these molecules. Herein we review the ongoing evolution of glycan imaging mass spectrometry beginning with widely adopted tissue imaging approaches and expanding to other matrices and sample types with potential research and clinical implications. Adaptations of these techniques, along with their applications to various states of disease, are discussed. Collectively, glycan imaging mass spectrometry analyses broaden our understanding of the biological and clinical relevance of N-glycosylation to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T. McDowell
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Anand S. Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Peggi M. Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Richard R. Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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13
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Sørensen DM, Büll C, Madsen TD, Lira-Navarrete E, Clausen TM, Clark AE, Garretson AF, Karlsson R, Pijnenborg JFA, Yin X, Miller RL, Chanda SK, Boltje TJ, Schjoldager KT, Vakhrushev SY, Halim A, Esko JD, Carlin AF, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Weigert R, Clausen H, Narimatsu Y. Identification of global inhibitors of cellular glycosylation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:948. [PMID: 36804936 PMCID: PMC9941569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of glycosylation enzymes are valuable tools for dissecting glycan functions and potential drug candidates. Screening for inhibitors of glycosyltransferases are mainly performed by in vitro enzyme assays with difficulties moving candidates to cells and animals. Here, we circumvent this by employing a cell-based screening assay using glycoengineered cells expressing tailored reporter glycoproteins. We focused on GalNAc-type O-glycosylation and selected the GalNAc-T11 isoenzyme that selectively glycosylates endocytic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-related proteins as targets. Our screen of a limited small molecule compound library did not identify selective inhibitors of GalNAc-T11, however, we identify two compounds that broadly inhibited Golgi-localized glycosylation processes. These compounds mediate the reversible fragmentation of the Golgi system without affecting secretion. We demonstrate how these inhibitors can be used to manipulate glycosylation in cells to induce expression of truncated O-glycans and augment binding of cancer-specific Tn-glycoprotein antibodies and to inhibit expression of heparan sulfate and binding and infection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Madriz Sørensen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Büll
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas D Madsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Thomas Mandel Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alex E Clark
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Aaron F Garretson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Richard Karlsson
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan F A Pijnenborg
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Yin
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sumit K Chanda
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adnan Halim
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Aaron F Carlin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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14
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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15
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Lageveen‐Kammeijer GSM, Kuster B, Reusch D, Wuhrer M. High sensitivity glycomics in biomedicine. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:1014-1039. [PMID: 34494287 PMCID: PMC9788051 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Many analytical challenges in biomedicine arise from the generally high heterogeneity and complexity of glycan- and glycoconjugate-containing samples, which are often only available in minute amounts. Therefore, highly sensitive workflows and detection methods are required. In this review mass spectrometric workflows and detection methods are evaluated for glycans and glycoproteins. Furthermore, glycomic methodologies and innovations that are tailored for enzymatic treatments, chemical derivatization, purification, separation, and detection at high sensitivity are highlighted. The discussion is focused on the analysis of mammalian N-linked and GalNAc-type O-linked glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair for Proteomics and BioanalyticsTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Technical Development EuropeRoche Diagnostics GmbHPenzbergGermany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical CenterCenter for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeidenThe Netherlands
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16
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de Haan N, Pučić-Baković M, Novokmet M, Falck D, Lageveen-Kammeijer G, Razdorov G, Vučković F, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Gornik O, Hanić M, Wuhrer M, Lauc G. Developments and perspectives in high-throughput protein glycomics: enabling the analysis of thousands of samples. Glycobiology 2022; 32:651-663. [PMID: 35452121 PMCID: PMC9280525 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans expand the structural complexity of proteins by several orders of magnitude, resulting in a tremendous analytical challenge when including them in biomedical research. Recent glycobiological research is painting a picture in which glycans represent a crucial structural and functional component of the majority of proteins, with alternative glycosylation of proteins and lipids being an important regulatory mechanism in many biological and pathological processes. Since interindividual differences in glycosylation are extensive, large studies are needed to map the structures and to understand the role of glycosylation in human (patho)physiology. Driven by these challenges, methods have emerged, which can tackle the complexity of glycosylation in thousands of samples, also known as high-throughput (HT) glycomics. For facile dissemination and implementation of HT glycomics technology, the sample preparation, analysis, as well as data mining, need to be stable over a long period of time (months/years), amenable to automation, and available to non-specialized laboratories. Current HT glycomics methods mainly focus on protein N-glycosylation and allow to extensively characterize this subset of the human glycome in large numbers of various biological samples. The ultimate goal in HT glycomics is to gain better knowledge and understanding of the complete human glycome using methods that are easy to adapt and implement in (basic) biomedical research. Aiming to promote wider use and development of HT glycomics, here, we present currently available, emerging, and prospective methods and some of their applications, revealing a largely unexplored molecular layer of the complexity of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje de Haan
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3 Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Maja Pučić-Baković
- Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mislav Novokmet
- Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Guinevere Lageveen-Kammeijer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Genadij Razdorov
- Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Frano Vučković
- Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | | | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovacica 1, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Maja Hanić
- Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovacica 1, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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17
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Levink IJM, Klatte DCF, Hanna-Sawires RG, Vreeker GCM, Ibrahim IS, van der Burgt YEM, Overbeek KA, Koopmann BDM, Cahen DL, Fuhler GM, Wuhrer M, Bonsing BA, Tollenaar RAEM, Vleggaar FP, Vasen HFA, van Leerdam ME, Bruno MJ, Mesker WE. Longitudinal changes of serum protein N-Glycan levels for earlier detection of pancreatic cancer in high-risk individuals. Pancreatology 2022; 22:497-506. [PMID: 35414481 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveillance of individuals at risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the potential to improve survival, yet early detection based on solely imaging modalities is challenging. We aimed to identify changes in serum glycosylation levels over time to earlier detect PDAC in high-risk individuals. METHODS Individuals with a hereditary predisposition to develop PDAC were followed in two surveillance programs. Those, of which at least two consecutive serum samples were available, were included. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed to determine the total N-glycome for each consecutive sample. Potentially discriminating N-glycans were selected based on our previous cross-sectional analysis and relative abundances were calculated for each glycosylation feature. RESULTS 165 individuals ("FPC-cohort" N = 119; Leiden cohort N = 46) were included. In total, 97 (59%) individuals had a genetic predisposition (77 CDKN2A, 15 BRCA1/2, 5 STK11) and 68 (41%) a family history of PDAC without a known genetic predisposition (>10-fold increased risk of developing PDAC). From each individual, a median number of 3 serum samples (IQR 3) was collected. Ten individuals (6%) developed PDAC during 35 months of follow-up; nine (90%) of these patients carried a CDKN2A germline mutation. In PDAC cases, compared to all controls, glycosylation characteristics were increased (fucosylation, tri- and tetra-antennary structures, specific sialic linkage types), others decreased (complex-type diantennary and bisected glycans). The largest change over time was observed for tri-antennary fucosylated glycans, which were able to differentiate cases from controls with a specificity of 92%, sensitivity of 49% and accuracy of 90%. CONCLUSION Serum N-glycan monitoring may support early detection in a pancreas surveillance program.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J M Levink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - D C F Klatte
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - R G Hanna-Sawires
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - G C M Vreeker
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - I S Ibrahim
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Y E M van der Burgt
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - K A Overbeek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B D M Koopmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D L Cahen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G M Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - B A Bonsing
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - R A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - F P Vleggaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H F A Vasen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M E van Leerdam
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M J Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W E Mesker
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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18
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Cheng M, Shu H, Yang M, Yan G, Zhang L, Wang L, Wang W, Lu H. Fast Discrimination of Sialylated N-Glycan Linkage Isomers with One-Step Derivatization by Microfluidic Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4666-4676. [PMID: 35258917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Linkage isomers (α-2,3- or α-2,6-linkage) of sialylated N-glycans are involved in the emergence and progression of some diseases, so they are of great significance for diagnosing and monitoring diseases. However, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of sialylated N-glycan linkage isomers remains challenging due to their low abundance and limited isomeric separation techniques. Herein, we developed a novel strategy integrating one-step sialic acid derivatization, positive charge-sensitive separation and highly sensitive detection based on microfluidic capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (MCE-MS) for fast and specific analysis of α-2,3- and α-2,6-linked sialylated N-glycan isomers. A kind of easily charged long-chain amino compound was screened first for one-step sialic acid derivatization so that only α-2,3- and α-2,6-linked isomers can be quickly and efficiently separated within 10 min by MCE due to the difference in structural conformation, whose separation mechanism was further theoretically supported by molecular dynamic simulation. In addition, different sialylated N-glycans were separated in order according to the number of sialic acids, so that a migration time-based prediction of the number of sialic acids was achieved. Finally, the sialylated N-glycome of human serum was profiled within 10 min and 6 of the 52 detected sialylated N-glycans could be potential diagnostic biomarkers of cervical cancer (CC), whose α-2,3- and α-2,6-linked isomers were distinguished by α-2,3Neuraminidase S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Maohua Yang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoquan Yan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- 908 Device Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Wenning Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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19
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Harvey DJ, Struwe WB, Behrens AJ, Vasiljevic S, Crispin M. Formation and fragmentation of doubly and triply charged ions in the negative ion spectra of neutral N-glycans from viral and other glycoproteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7277-7294. [PMID: 34342671 PMCID: PMC8329908 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Structural determination of N-glycans by mass spectrometry is ideally performed by negative ion collision-induced dissociation because the spectra are dominated by cross-ring fragments leading to ions that reveal structural details not available by many other methods. Most glycans form [M - H]- or [M + adduct]- ions but larger ones (above approx. m/z 2000) typically form doubly charged ions. Differences have been reported between the fragmentation of singly and doubly charged ions but a detailed comparison does not appear to have been reported. In addition to [M + adduct]- ions (this paper uses phosphate as the adduct) other doubly, triply, and quadruply charged ions of composition [Mn + (H2PO4)n]n- have been observed in mixtures of N-glycans released from viral and other glycoproteins. This paper explores the formation and fragmentation of these different types of multiply charged ions with particular reference to the presence of diagnostic fragments in the CID spectra and comments on how these ions can be used to characterize these glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Weston B Struwe
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Anna-Janina Behrens
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- GlycoEra AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Snezana Vasiljevic
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Max Crispin
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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20
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Memarian E, 't Hart LM, Slieker RC, Lemmers RFL, van der Heijden AA, Rutters F, Nijpels G, Schoep E, Lieverse AG, Sijbrands EJG, Wuhrer M, van Hoek M, Dotz V. Plasma protein N-glycosylation is associated with cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, and retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:e002345. [PMID: 34645615 PMCID: PMC8515459 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although associations of total plasma N-glycome (TPNG) with type 2 diabetes have been reported, little is known on the role of TPNG in type 2 diabetes complications, a major cause of type 2 diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. Here, we assessed TPNG in relation to type 2 diabetes complications in subsamples of two Dutch cohorts using mass spectrometry (n=1815 in DiaGene and n=1518 in Hoorn Diabetes Care System). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Blood plasma samples and technical replicates were pipetted into 96-well plates in a randomized manner. Peptide:N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) was used to release N-glycans, whereafter sialic acids were derivatized for stabilization and linkage differentiation. After total area normalization, 68 individual glycan compositions were quantified in total and were used to calculate 45 derived traits which reflect structural features of glycosylation. Associations of glycan features with prevalent and incident microvascular or macrovascular complications were tested in logistic and Cox regression in both independent cohorts and the results were meta-analyzed. RESULTS Our results demonstrated similarities between incident and prevalent complications. The strongest association for prevalent cardiovascular disease was a high level of bisection on a group of diantennary glycans (A2FS0B; OR=1.38, p=1.34×10-11), while for prevalent nephropathy the increase in 2,6-sialylation on triantennary glycans was most pronounced (A3E; OR=1.28, p=9.70×10-6). Several other TPNG features, including fucosylation, galactosylation, and sialylation, firmly demonstrated associations with prevalent and incident complications of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS These findings may provide a glance on how TPNG patterns change before complications emerge, paving the way for future studies on prediction biomarkers and potentially disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Memarian
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roosmarijn F L Lemmers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amber A van der Heijden
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of General Practice Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Rutters
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Nijpels
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of General Practice Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Schoep
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aloysius G Lieverse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maxima Medical Center, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J G Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy van Hoek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Viktoria Dotz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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21
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Blaschke CRK, McDowell CT, Black AP, Mehta AS, Angel PM, Drake RR. Glycan Imaging Mass Spectrometry: Progress in Developing Clinical Diagnostic Assays for Tissues, Biofluids, and Cells. Clin Lab Med 2021; 41:247-266. [PMID: 34020762 PMCID: PMC8862151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N-glycan imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) can rapidly and reproducibly identify changes in disease-associated N-linked glycosylation that are linked with histopathology features in standard formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples. It can detect multiple N-glycans simultaneously and has been used to identify specific N-glycans and carbohydrate structural motifs as possible cancer biomarkers. Recent advancements in instrumentation and sample preparation are also discussed. The tissue N-glycan IMS workflow has been adapted to new glass slide-based assays for effective and rapid analysis of clinical biofluids, cultured cells, and immunoarray-captured glycoproteins for detection of changes in glycosylation associated with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin R K Blaschke
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 358, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Colin T McDowell
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 358, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alyson P Black
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 358, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Anand S Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 358, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Peggi M Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 358, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 358, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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22
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Serum N-glycan profiles differ for various breast cancer subtypes. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:387-395. [PMID: 33877489 PMCID: PMC8116229 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women. Early detection of this disease improves survival and therefore population screenings, based on mammography, are performed. However, the sensitivity of this screening modality is not optimal and new screening methods, such as blood tests, are being explored. Most of the analyses that aim for early detection focus on proteins in the bloodstream. In this study, the biomarker potential of total serum N-glycosylation analysis was explored with regard to detection of breast cancer. In an age-matched case-control setup serum protein N-glycan profiles from 145 breast cancer patients were compared to those from 171 healthy individuals. N-glycans were enzymatically released, chemically derivatized to preserve linkage-specificity of sialic acids and characterized by high resolution mass spectrometry. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate associations of specific N-glycan structures as well as N-glycosylation traits with breast cancer. In a case-control comparison three associations were found, namely a lower level of a two triantennary glycans and a higher level of one tetraantennary glycan in cancer patients. Of note, various other N-glycomic signatures that had previously been reported were not replicated in the current cohort. It was further evaluated whether the lack of replication of breast cancer N-glycomic signatures could be partly explained by the heterogenous character of the disease since the studies performed so far were based on cohorts that included diverging subtypes in different numbers. It was found that serum N-glycan profiles differed for the various cancer subtypes that were analyzed in this study.
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23
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Cheng M, Shu H, Peng Y, Feng X, Yan G, Zhang L, Yao J, Bao H, Lu H. Specific Analysis of α-2,3-Sialylated N-Glycan Linkage Isomers by Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5537-5546. [PMID: 33752328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sialylated N-glycan isomers with α-2,3 and α-2,6 linkages play crucial and distinctive roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Changes of α-2,3-linked sialic acids in sialylated N-glycans are especially important in monitoring the initiation and progression of diseases. However, the specific analysis of α-2,3-sialylated N-glycan linkage isomers remains challenging due to their extremely low abundance and technical limitations in separation and detection. Herein, we designed an integrated strategy that combines linkage-specific derivatization and a charge-sensitive separation method based on microfluidic chip capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (microchip CE-MS) for specific analysis of α-2,3-sialylated N-glycan linkage isomers for the first time. The α-2,6- and α-2,3-sialic acids were selectively labeled with methylamine (MA) and N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (DMEN), respectively, which selectively makes α-2,3-sialylated N-glycans positively charged and realizes online purification, concentration, and discrimination of α-2,3-sialylated N-glycans from other N-glycans in microchip CE-MS. This new approach was demonstrated with standard multisialylated N-glycans, and it was found that only the α-2,3-sialylated N-glycans migrated and were detected in order according to the number of α-2,3-sialic acids. Finally, this strategy was successfully applied in highly sensitive profiling and reproducible quantitation of the serum α-2,3-sialylated N-glycome from ovarian cancer (OC) patients, where 7 of 33 detected α-2,3-sialylated N-glycans significantly changed in the OC group compared with healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Peng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Feng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoquan Yan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Bao
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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24
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Pongracz T, Verhoeven A, Wuhrer M, de Haan N. The structure and role of lactone intermediates in linkage-specific sialic acid derivatization reactions. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:157-166. [PMID: 33459939 PMCID: PMC8052245 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acids occur ubiquitously throughout vertebrate glycomes and often endcap glycans in either α2,3- or α2,6-linkage with diverse biological roles. Linkage-specific sialic acid characterization is increasingly performed by mass spectrometry, aided by differential sialic acid derivatization to discriminate between linkage isomers. Typically, during the first step of such derivatization reactions, in the presence of a carboxyl group activator and a catalyst, α2,3-linked sialic acids condense with the subterminal monosaccharides to form lactones, while α2,6-linked sialic acids form amide or ester derivatives. In a second step, the lactones are converted into amide derivatives. Notably, the structure and role of the lactone intermediates in the reported reactions remained ambiguous, leaving it unclear to which extent the amidation of α2,3-linked sialic acids depended on direct aminolysis of the lactone, rather than lactone hydrolysis and subsequent amidation. In this report, we used mass spectrometry to unravel the role of the lactone intermediate in the amidation of α2,3-linked sialic acids by applying controlled reaction conditions on simple and complex glycan standards. The results unambiguously show that in common sialic acid derivatization protocols prior lactone formation is a prerequisite for the efficient, linkage-specific amidation of α2,3-linked sialic acids, which proceeds predominantly via direct aminolysis. Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed that exclusively the C2 lactone intermediate is formed on a sialyllactose standard. These insights allow a more rationalized method development for linkage-specific sialic derivatization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aswin Verhoeven
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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25
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Zhong J, Huang Y, Mechref Y. Derivatization of Sialylated Glycopeptides (DOSG) Enabling Site-Specific Isomeric Profiling Using LC-MS/MS. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5763-5772. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Yifan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
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26
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Qin W, Pei H, Li X, Li J, Yao X, Zhang R. Serum Protein N-Glycosylation Signatures of Neuroblastoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:603417. [PMID: 33796450 PMCID: PMC8008057 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.603417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial childhood solid tumor which accounts for 10% of the malignancies and 15% of the cancer fatalities in children. N-glycosylation is one of the most frequent post-translation protein modification playing a vital role in numerous cancers. N-glycosylation changes in neuroblastoma patient serum have not been studied in existing reports. The comprehensive analyses of serum N-glycomics in neuroblastoma can provide useful information of potential disease biomarkers and new insights of the pathophysiology in neuroblastoma. Methods The total serum protein N-glycosylation was analyzed in 33 neuroblastoma patients and 40 age- and sex-matched non-malignant controls. N-glycans were enzymatically released, derivatized to discriminate linkage-specific sialic acid, purified by HILIC-SPE, and identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Peak areas were acquired by the software of MALDI-MS sample acquisition, processed and analyzed by the software of Progenesis MALDI. Results Three glyco-subclasses and six individual N-glycans were significantly changed in neuroblastoma patients compared with controls. The decreased levels of high mannose N-glycans, hybrid N-glycans, and increased levels of α2,3-sialylated N-glycans, multi-branched sialylated N-glycans were observed in neuroblastoma patients. what is more, a glycan panel combining those six individual N-glycans showed a strong discrimination performance, with an AUC value of 0.8477. Conclusions This study provides new insights into N-glycosylation characteristics in neuroblastoma patient serum. The analyses of total serum protein N-glycosylation could discriminate neuroblastoma patients from non-malignant controls. The alterations of the N-glycomics may play a suggestive role for neuroblastoma diagnosis and advance our understanding of the pathophysiology in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Qin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Pei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelian Yao
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rufang Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Nicolardi S, Joseph AA, Zhu Q, Shen Z, Pardo-Vargas A, Chiodo F, Molinaro A, Silipo A, van der Burgt YEM, Yu B, Seeberger PH, Wuhrer M. Analysis of Synthetic Monodisperse Polysaccharides by Wide Mass Range Ultrahigh-Resolution MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4666-4675. [PMID: 33667082 PMCID: PMC8034773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, such as oligo- and polysaccharides, are highly abundant biopolymers that are involved in numerous processes. The study of their structure and functions is commonly based on a material that is isolated from complex natural sources. However, a more precise analysis requires pure compounds with well-defined structures that can be obtained from chemical or enzymatic syntheses. Novel synthetic strategies have increased the accessibility of larger monodisperse polysaccharides, posing a challenge to the analytical methods used for their molecular characterization. Here, we present wide mass range ultrahigh-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry (MS) as a powerful platform for the analysis of synthetic oligo- and polysaccharides. Synthetic carbohydrates 16-, 64-, 100-, and 151-mers were mass analyzed and characterized by MALDI in-source decay FT-ICR MS. Detection of fragment ions generated from glycosidic bond cleavage (or cross-ring cleavage) provided information of the monosaccharide content and the linkage type, allowing for the corroboration of the carbohydrate compositions and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Nicolardi
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - A. Abragam Joseph
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Qian Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center
for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhengnan Shen
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, 393 Huaxia Middle Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Alonso Pardo-Vargas
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Institute
of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Italian
National Research Council (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
- Amsterdam
UMC-Locatie VUMC, Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Via Cintia 4, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Via Cintia 4, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Yuri E. M. van der Burgt
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Biao Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center
for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced
Study, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, 1 Sub-lane
Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
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28
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A mass spectrometry-based glycotope-centric cellular glycomics is the more fruitful way forward to see the forest for the trees. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:55-69. [PMID: 33492355 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The nature of protein glycosylation renders cellular glycomics a very challenging task in having to deal with all the disparate glycans carried on membrane glycoproteins. Rapid mapping by mass spectrometry analysis provides only a coarse sketch of the glycomic complexity based primarily on glycosyl compositions, whereby the missing high-resolution structural details require a combination of multi-mode separations and multi-stages of induced fragmentation to gain sufficiently discriminative precision, often at the expenses of throughput and sensitivity. Given the available technology and foreseeable advances in the near future, homing in on resolving the terminal fucosylated, sialylated and/or sulfated structural units, or glycotopes, maybe a more pragmatic and ultimately more rewarding approach to gain insights into myriad biological processes mediated by these terminal coding units carried on important glycoproteins, to be decoded by a host of endogenous glycan-binding proteins and antibodies. A broad overview of recent technical advances and limitations in cellular glycomics is first provided as a backdrop to the propounded glycotope-centric approach based on advanced nanoLC-MS2/MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans. To prioritize analytical focus on the more tangible glycotopes is akin to first identifying the eye-catching and characteristic-defining flowers and fruits of the glyco-forest, to see the forest for the trees. It has the best prospects of attaining the much-needed balance in sensitivity, structural precision and analytical throughput to match advances in other omics.
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29
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Blaschke CRK, Black AP, Mehta AS, Angel PM, Drake RR. Rapid N-Glycan Profiling of Serum and Plasma by a Novel Slide-Based Imaging Mass Spectrometry Workflow. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:2511-2520. [PMID: 32809822 PMCID: PMC8880305 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the levels and compositions of N-glycans released from serum and plasma glycoproteins have been assessed in many diseases across many large clinical sample cohorts. Assays used for N-glycan profiling in these fluids currently require multiple processing steps and have limited throughput, thus diminishing their potential for use as standard clinical diagnostic assays. A novel slide-based N-glycan profiling method was evaluated for sensitivity and reproducibility using a pooled serum standard. Serum was spotted on to an amine-reactive slide, delipidated and desalted with a series of washes, sprayed with peptide N-glycosidase F and matrix, and analyzed by MALDI-FTICR or MALDI-Q-TOF mass spectrometry. Routinely, over 75 N-glycan species can be detected from one microliter of serum in less than 6.5 h. Additionally, endoglycosidase F3 was applied to this workflow to identify core-fucosylated N-glycans and displayed the adaptability of this method for the determination of structural information. This method was applied to a small pooled serum set from either obese or nonobese patients that had breast cancer or a benign lesion. This study confirms the reproducibility, sensitivity, and adaptability of a novel method for N-glycan profiling of serum and plasma for potential application to clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin R K Blaschke
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, 29425 South Carolina, United States
| | - Alyson P Black
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, 29425 South Carolina, United States
| | - Anand S Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, 29425 South Carolina, United States
| | - Peggi M Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, 29425 South Carolina, United States
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, 29425 South Carolina, United States
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30
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Dobie C, Skropeta D. Insights into the role of sialylation in cancer progression and metastasis. Br J Cancer 2020; 124:76-90. [PMID: 33144696 PMCID: PMC7782833 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of sialyltransferases—the enzymes responsible for the addition of sialic acid to growing glycoconjugate chains—and the resultant hypersialylation of up to 40–60% of tumour cell surfaces are established hallmarks of several cancers, including lung, breast, ovarian, pancreatic and prostate cancer. Hypersialylation promotes tumour metastasis by several routes, including enhancing immune evasion and tumour cell survival, and stimulating tumour invasion and migration. The critical role of enzymes that regulate sialic acid in tumour cell growth and metastasis points towards targeting sialylation as a potential new anti-metastatic cancer treatment strategy. Herein, we explore insights into the mechanisms by which hypersialylation plays a role in promoting metastasis, and explore the current state of sialyltransferase inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dobie
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health; and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Danielle Skropeta
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health; and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Wollongong, Australia. .,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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31
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Dissecting Total Plasma and Protein-Specific Glycosylation Profiles in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207635. [PMID: 33076454 PMCID: PMC7589176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein N-glycosylation is a multifactorial process involved in many biological processes. A broad range of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) have been described that feature defects in protein N-glycan biosynthesis. Here, we present insights into the disrupted N-glycosylation of various CDG patients exhibiting defects in the transport of nucleotide sugars, Golgi glycosylation or Golgi trafficking. We studied enzymatically released N-glycans of total plasma proteins and affinity purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) from patients and healthy controls using mass spectrometry (MS). The applied method allowed the differentiation of sialic acid linkage isomers via their derivatization. Furthermore, protein-specific glycan profiles were quantified for transferrin and IgG Fc using electrospray ionization MS of intact proteins and glycopeptides, respectively. Next to the previously described glycomic effects, we report unprecedented sialic linkage-specific effects. Defects in proteins involved in Golgi trafficking (COG5-CDG) and CMP-sialic acid transport (SLC35A1-CDG) resulted in lower levels of sialylated structures on plasma proteins as compared to healthy controls. Findings for these specific CDGs include a more pronounced effect for α2,3-sialylation than for α2,6-sialylation. The diverse abnormalities in glycomic features described in this study reflect the broad range of biological mechanisms that influence protein glycosylation.
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Vreeker GCM, Hanna-Sawires RG, Mohammed Y, Bladergroen MR, Nicolardi S, Dotz V, Nouta J, Bonsing BA, Mesker WE, van der Burgt YEM, Wuhrer M, Tollenaar RAEM. Serum N-Glycome analysis reveals pancreatic cancer disease signatures. Cancer Med 2020; 9:8519-8529. [PMID: 32898301 PMCID: PMC7666731 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background &Aims Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer type with loco‐regional spread that makes the tumor surgically unresectable. Novel diagnostic tools are needed to improve detection of PDAC and increase patient survival. In this study we explore serum protein N‐glycan profiles from PDAC patients with regard to their applicability to serve as a disease biomarker panel. Methods Total serum N‐glycome analysis was applied to a discovery set (86 PDAC cases/84 controls) followed by independent validation (26 cases/26 controls) using in‐house collected serum specimens. Protein N‐glycan profiles were obtained using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry and included linkage‐specific sialic acid information. N‐glycans were relatively quantified and case‐control classification performance was evaluated based on glycosylation traits such as branching, fucosylation, and sialylation. Results In PDAC patients a higher level of branching (OR 6.19, P‐value 9.21 × 10−11) and (antenna)fucosylation (OR 13.27, P‐value 2.31 × 10−9) of N‐glycans was found. Furthermore, the ratio of α2,6‐ vs α2,3‐linked sialylation was higher in patients compared to healthy controls. A classification model built with three glycosylation traits was used for discovery (AUC 0.88) and independent validation (AUC 0.81), with sensitivity and specificity values of 0.85 and 0.71 for the discovery set and 0.75 and 0.72 for the validation set. Conclusion Serum N‐glycome analysis revealed glycosylation differences that allow classification of PDAC patients from healthy controls. It was demonstrated that glycosylation traits rather than single N‐glycan structures obtained in this clinical glycomics study can serve as a basis for further development of a blood‐based diagnostic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda C M Vreeker
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yassene Mohammed
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco R Bladergroen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Nicolardi
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Viktoria Dotz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bert A Bonsing
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma E Mesker
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yuri E M van der Burgt
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Wang W, Kałuża A, Nouta J, Nicolardi S, Ferens-Sieczkowska M, Wuhrer M, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM, de Haan N. High-throughput glycopeptide profiling of prostate-specific antigen from seminal plasma by MALDI-MS. Talanta 2020; 222:121495. [PMID: 33167210 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An altered total seminal plasma glycosylation has been associated with male infertility, and the highly abundant seminal plasma glycoprotein prostate-specific antigen (PSA) plays an important role in fertilization. However, the exact role of PSA glycosylation in male fertility is not clear. To understand the involvement of PSA glycosylation in the fertilization process, analytical methods are required to study the glycosylation of PSA from seminal plasma with a high glycoform resolution and in a protein-specific manner. In this study, we developed a novel, high-throughput PSA glycopeptide workflow, based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry, allowing the discrimination of sialic acid linkage isomers via the derivatization of glycopeptides. The method was successfully applied on a cohort consisting of seminal plasma from infertile and fertile men (N = 102). Forty-four glycopeptides were quantified in all samples, showing mainly complex-type glycans with high levels of fucosylation and sialylation. In addition, N,N-diacetyllactosamine (LacdiNAc) motives were found as well as hybrid-type and high mannose-type structures. Our method showed a high intra- and interday repeatability and revealed no difference in PSA glycosylation between fertile and infertile men. Next to seminal plasma, the method is also expected to be of use for studying PSA glycopeptides derived from other biofluids and/or in other disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, 2300, RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Kałuża
- Wrocław Medical University, Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Curie-Skłodowska Str. 50, 50-369, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Nouta
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, 2300, RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Nicolardi
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, 2300, RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mirosława Ferens-Sieczkowska
- Wrocław Medical University, Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Curie-Skłodowska Str. 50, 50-369, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, 2300, RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Noortje de Haan
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, 2300, RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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34
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Singh SS, Naber A, Dotz V, Schoep E, Memarian E, Slieker RC, Elders PJM, Vreeker G, Nicolardi S, Wuhrer M, Sijbrands EJG, Lieverse AG, 't Hart LM, van Hoek M. Metformin and statin use associate with plasma protein N-glycosylation in people with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001230. [PMID: 32616483 PMCID: PMC7333804 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies revealed N-glycosylation signatures of type 2 diabetes, inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors. Most people with diabetes use medication to reduce cardiovascular risk. The association of these medications with the plasma N-glycome is largely unknown. We investigated the associations of metformin, statin, ACE inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), sulfonylurea (SU) derivatives and insulin use with the total plasma N-glycome in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS After enzymatic release from glycoproteins, N-glycans were measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry in the DiaGene (n=1815) and Hoorn Diabetes Care System (n=1518) cohorts. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate associations with medication, adjusted for clinical characteristics. Results were meta-analyzed and corrected for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Metformin and statins were associated with decreased fucosylation and increased galactosylation and sialylation in glycans unrelated to immunoglobulin G. Bisection was increased within diantennary fucosylated non-sialylated glycans, but decreased within diantennary fucosylated sialylated glycans. Only few glycans were associated with ACE inhibitor/ARBs, while none associated with insulin and SU derivative use. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that metformin and statins associate with a total plasma N-glycome signature in type 2 diabetes. Further studies are needed to determine the causality of these relations, and future N-glycomic research should consider medication a potential confounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny S Singh
- Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Internal Medicine, Maxima Medical Centre, Eindhoven, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Naber
- Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Internal Medicine, Maxima Medical Centre, Eindhoven, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands
| | - Viktoria Dotz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, LUMC, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Schoep
- Cell and Chemical Biology, LUMC, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Elham Memarian
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, LUMC, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
- Research Laboratory, Genos Glycoscience, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Cell and Chemical Biology, LUMC, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VUMC, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC-Locatie VUMC, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Gerda Vreeker
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, LUMC, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, LUMC, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, LUMC, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aloysius G Lieverse
- Internal Medicine, Maxima Medical Centre, Eindhoven, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Cell and Chemical Biology, LUMC, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VUMC, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy van Hoek
- Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Ohyama Y, Nakajima K, Renfrow MB, Novak J, Takahashi K. Mass spectrometry for the identification and analysis of highly complex glycosylation of therapeutic or pathogenic proteins. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:275-296. [PMID: 32406805 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1769479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein glycosylation influences characteristics such as folding, stability, protein interactions, and solubility. Therefore, glycan moieties of therapeutic proteins and proteins that are likely associated with disease pathogenesis should be analyzed in-depth, including glycan heterogeneity and modification sites. Recent advances in analytical methods and instrumentation have enabled comprehensive characterization of highly complex glycosylated proteins. AREA COVERED The following aspects should be considered when analyzing glycosylated proteins: sample preparation, chromatographic separation, mass spectrometry (MS) and fragmentation methods, and bioinformatics, such as software solutions for data analyses. Notably, analysis of glycoproteins with heavily sialylated glycans or multiple glycosylation sites requires special considerations. Here, we discuss recent methodological advances in MS that provide detailed characterization of heterogeneous glycoproteins. EXPERT OPINION As characterization of complex glycosylated proteins is still analytically challenging, the function or pathophysiological significance of these proteins is not fully understood. To reproducibly produce desired forms of therapeutic glycoproteins or to fully elucidate disease-specific patterns of protein glycosylation, a highly reproducible and robust analytical platform(s) should be established. In addition to advances in MS instrumentation, optimization of analytical and bioinformatics methods and utilization of glycoprotein/glycopeptide standards is desirable. Ultimately, we envision that an automated high-throughput MS analysis will provide additional power to clinical studies and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Ohyama
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Toyoake, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University , Toyoake, Japan
| | - Matthew B Renfrow
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kazuo Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Toyoake, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Toyoake, Japan.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL, USA
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36
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Glycomics studies using sialic acid derivatization and mass spectrometry. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:229-242. [PMID: 37127981 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteins can undergo glycosylation during and/or after translation to afford glycoconjugates, which are often secreted by a cell or populate cell surfaces. Changes in the glycan portion can have a strong influence on a glycoconjugate and are associated with a multitude of human pathologies. Of particular interest are sialylated glycoconjugates, which exist as constitutional isomers that differ in their linkages (α2,3, α2,6, α2,8 or α2,9) between sialic acids and their neighbouring monosaccharides. In general, mass spectrometry enables the rapid and sensitive characterization of glycosylation, but there are challenges specific to identifying and (relatively) quantifying sialic acid isomers. These challenges can be addressed using linkage-specific methodologies for sialic acid derivatization, after which mass spectrometry can enable product identification. This Review is concerned with the new and important derivatization approaches reported in the past decade, which have been implemented in various mass-spectrometry-glycomics workflows and have found clinical glycomics applications. The convenience and wide applicability of the approaches make them attractive for studies of sialylation in different types of glycoconjugate.
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Lin G, Zhao R, Wang Y, Han J, Gu Y, Pan Y, Ren C, Ren S, Xu C. Dynamic analysis of N-glycomic and transcriptomic changes in the development of ovarian cancer cell line A2780 to its three cisplatin-resistant variants. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:289. [PMID: 32355733 PMCID: PMC7186709 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.03.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Platinum resistance development is a dynamic process that occurs during continuous chemotherapy and contributes to high mortality in ovarian cancer. Abnormal glycosylation has been reported in platinum resistance. Many studies on platinum resistance have been performed, but few of them have investigated platinum resistance-associated glycans based on N-glycomics. Moreover, glycomic alterations during platinum resistance development in ovarian cancer are rarely reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine platinum resistance-related N-glycans in ovarian cancer cells during continuous exposure to cisplatin. These glycans might be involved in the mechanism of platinum resistance and serve as biomarkers to monitor its development. Methods This study mimicked the development of platinum resistance in ovarian cancer by continuously exposing A2780 cells to cisplatin. Cisplatin-resistant variants were confirmed by higher half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values and increased P-glycoprotein (ABCB1, P-gp) expression compared to A2780 cells. Analysis of dynamic N-glycomic changes during the development of platinum resistance in cisplatin-resistant variants was performed with MALDI-time-of-flight (TOF)-MS combined with ethyl esterification derivatization, which were used to discriminate between α2,3- and α2,6-linkage N-acetylneuraminic acid. N-glycan alterations were further validated on a glycotransferase level via transcriptome sequencing and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Results Compared to the A2780 cells, MS analysis indicated that α2,3-linked sialic structures and N-glycan gal-ratios were significantly higher, while fucosylated glycans were lower in three cisplatin-resistant variants. Transcriptome sequencing and RT-PCR showed that gene expression of ST3GAL6 and MGAT4A increased, while gene expression of FUT11, FUT1, GMDS, and B4GALT5 decreased in three cisplatin-resistant variants. Conclusions Analysis of N-glycans and glycogene expression showed that α2,3-linked sialic structures might serve as biomarkers to monitor the development of platinum resistance and to guide individualized treatment of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yisheng Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jing Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Gu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiqing Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Changhao Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shifang Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Rebello OD, Nicolardi S, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM, Nouta J, Gardner RA, Mesker WE, Tollenaar RAEM, Spencer DIR, Wuhrer M, Falck D. A Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Assay for the Relative Quantitation of Antennary Fucosylated N-Glycans in Human Plasma. Front Chem 2020; 8:138. [PMID: 32185163 PMCID: PMC7059190 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the abundance of antennary fucosylated glycans in human total plasma N-glycome (TPNG) have been associated with several diseases ranging from diabetes to various forms of cancer. However, it is challenging to address this important part of the human glycome. Most commonly, time-consuming chromatographic separations are performed to differentially quantify core and antenna fucosylation. Obtaining sufficient resolution for larger, more complex glycans can be challenging. We introduce a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization—mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) assay for the relative quantitation of antennary fucosylation in TPNG. N-linked glycans are released from plasma by PNGase F and further treated with a core fucosidase before performing a linkage-informative sialic acid derivatization. The core fucosylated glycans are thus depleted while the remaining antennary fucosylated glycans are quantitated. Simultaneous quantitation of α2,3-linked sialic acids and antennary fucosylation allows an estimation of the sialyl-Lewis x motif. The approach is feasible using either ultrahigh-resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry or time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The assay was used to investigate changes of antennary fucosylation as clinically relevant marker in 14 colorectal cancer patients. In accordance with a previous report, we found elevated levels of antennary fucosylation pre-surgery which decreased after tumor resection. The assay has the potential for revealing antennary fucosylation signatures in various conditions including diabetes and different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmond D Rebello
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Ludger Ltd, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Wilma E Mesker
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Bwanali L, Crihfield CL, Newton EO, Zeger VR, Gattu S, Holland LA. Quantification of the α2-6 Sialic Acid Linkage in Branched N-Glycan Structures with Capillary Nanogel Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:1518-1524. [PMID: 31829566 PMCID: PMC8631463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sialylation and sialic acid linkage in N-glycans are markers of disease but are analytically challenging to quantify. A capillary electrophoresis method is reported that integrates a unique combination of enzymes and lectins to modify sialylated N-glycans in real time in the capillary so that N-glycan structures containing α2-6-linked sialic acid are easily separated, detected, and quantified. In this study, N-glycans were sequentially cleaved by enzymes at the head of the separation capillary so that the presence of α2-6-linked sialic acids corresponded to a shift in the analyte migration time in a manner that enabled interpretation of the N-glycan structure. Following injection, only afucosylated N-glycan structures were passed through enzyme zones that contained α2-3 sialidase, followed by β1-3,4 galactosidase, which cleaved any terminal α2-3-linked sialic acid and underlying galactose yielding a terminal N-acetyl glucosamine. With this treatment complete, a third zone of α2-3,6,8 sialidase converted the remaining α2-6-linked sialic acid to terminal galactose. With these enzyme processing steps the α2-6-linked sialic acid residues on an N-glycan correlated directly to the number of terminal galactose residues that remained. The number of terminal galactose residues could be interpreted as a stepwise decrease in the migration time. Complex N-glycans from α-1-acid glycoprotein were analyzed using this approach, revealing that a limited number of α2-6-linked sialic acids were present with biantennary, triantennary, and tetraantennary N-glycans of α-1-acid glycoprotein generally containing 0 or 1 α2-6-linked sialic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Bwanali
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Cassandra L. Crihfield
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Ebenezer O. Newton
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Victoria R. Zeger
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Srikanth Gattu
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lisa A. Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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Peng Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Bao H, Lu H. Stable Isotope Sequential Derivatization for Linkage-Specific Analysis of Sialylated N-Glycan Isomers by MS. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15993-16001. [PMID: 31730330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sialylated N-glycans play pivotal role in several important biological and pathological processes. Their sialyl-linkage isomers, mostly α-2,3- and α-2,6-linked, act differently during the cellular events and several diseases. While mass spectrometry (MS) technology is a powerful tool in N-glycome analysis, it still suffers from an inability to distinguish linkage isomers of native N-glycans. Herein, we described a sequential selective derivatization method, by which α-2,6- and α-2,3-linked sialic acids are sequentially labeled with methylamide incorporated with a different stable isotope. Isobaric labeling avoids inducing bias in ionization efficiency and chromatographic behavior. In optimized reaction conditions, high derivatization selectivity (∼99%) was achieved for both α-2,3- and α-2,6-linked sialic acid. High accuracy of quantitation within a dynamic range of 2 orders of magnitude and high reproducibility (CV < 20%, n = 3) were demonstrated using standard glycans and multisialylated N-glycans. Finally, this method was applied in profiling the N-glycome of serum from CRC patients, where a level of six sialyl-linkage isomers were found to be altered significantly compared with that from healthy individuals.
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Mass spectrometry-based qualitative and quantitative N-glycomics: An update of 2017-2018. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1091:1-22. [PMID: 31679562 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
N-glycosylation is one of the most frequently occurring protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) with broad cellular, physiological and pathological relevance. Mass spectrometry-based N-glycomics has become the state-of-the-art instrumental analytical pipeline for sensitive, high-throughput and comprehensive characterization of N-glycans and N-glycomes. Improvement and new development of methods in N-glycan release, enrichment, derivatization, isotopic labeling, separation, ionization, MS, tandem MS and informatics accompany side-by-side wider and deeper application. This review provides a comprehensive update of mass spectrometry-based qualitative and quantitative N-glycomics in the years of 2017-2018.
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Expanding the Reaction Space of Linkage-Specific Sialic Acid Derivatization. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193617. [PMID: 31597281 PMCID: PMC6803949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human glycome is characterized by a high degree of sialylation, affecting, amongst others, cell-cell interactions and protein half-life. An established method for the linkage isomer-specific characterization of N-glycan sialylation is based on the linkage-specific derivatization of sialylated glycoconjugates, inducing ethyl esterification of α2,6-linked sialic acids and lactonization of α2,3-linked sialic acids. While the carboxylic acid activator and nucleophile used in this reaction received extensive investigation, the role of the catalyst was never thoroughly explored. A frequently used catalyst for the linkage-specific esterification of sialic acids is 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt). Here, a systematic evaluation was performed of five HOBt alternatives in combination with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) in ethanol for the linkage-specific derivatization of sialic acids. Derivatized glycans were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS and the catalyst performance was evaluated based on the completeness of the reactions and the linkage-specificity obtained. The use of both 6-Cl-HOBt and 6-CF3-HOBt resulted in high linkage-specificity and minimal byproduct formation, similar to the benchmark method using HOBt. Performing the reaction with these catalysts at neutral or acidic pH showed comparable efficiencies on both sialyllactose and complex-type N-glycans. The reported investigations resulted in an expansion of the reaction space for linkage-specific sialic acid derivatization.
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43
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Fundamentals and applications of incorporating chromatographic separations with ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most ubiquitous and complex post-translational modifications (PTMs). It plays pivotal roles in various biological processes. Studies at the glycopeptide level are typically considered as a downstream work resulting from enzymatic digested glycoproteins. Less attention has been focused on glycosylated endogenous signaling peptides due to their low abundance, structural heterogeneity and the lack of enabling analytical tools. Here, protocols are presented to isolate and characterize glycosylated neuropeptides utilizing nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We first demonstrate how to extract neuropeptides from raw tissues and perform further separation/cleanup before MS analysis. Then we describe hybrid MS methods for glycosylated neuropeptide profiling and site-specific analysis. We also include recommendations for data analysis to identify glycosylated neuropeptides in crustaceans where a complete neuropeptide database is still lacking. Other strategies and future directions are discussed to provide readers with alternative approaches and further unravel biological complexity rendered by glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Qinjingwen Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
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Koçak ÖF, Kayili HM, Albayrak M, Yaman ME, Kadıoğlu Y, Salih B. N-glycan profiling of papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues by MALDI-TOF-MS. Anal Biochem 2019; 584:113389. [PMID: 31400301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a type of thyroid cancer whose incidence rate has increased recently all over the world. Glycosylation is a crucial post-translational modification (PTM) for the regulation of thyroid hormone synthesis in thyroid glands. However, our knowledge regarding the N-glycosylation change in PTC is limited. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to profile glycans in PTC tissues by mass spectrometry. Herein, we have analyzed the N-glycans of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues of patients diagnosed with PTC in a matched case-control study. Using MALDI-TOF(/TOF)-MS, 35 enzymatically released N-glycan compositions were characterized. The statistical analyses showed significant differences including six N-glycan compositions (p < 0.001) between patients and controls. It was determined that four of them (H5N4E1, H5N4F1E1, H5N4F1L1E1 and H5N4F1E2, E: α2,6-linked sialic acid; L: α2,3-linked sialic acid) were up-regulated in PTC tissues, whereas two N-glycans (H8N2 and H9N2) found to be down-regulated. Besides, a significant difference was found in six different N-glycan traits. Variants of PTC (follicular, classical, hurtle cell) were also studied to define specific N-glycan change for each variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Faruk Koçak
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hacı Mehmet Kayili
- Karabuk University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 78000, Karabuk, Turkey.
| | - Mevlüt Albayrak
- Atatürk University, Health Services Vocational Training School, Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emrah Yaman
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yücel Kadıoğlu
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Bekir Salih
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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Dried blood spot N-glycome analysis by MALDI mass spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 205:120104. [PMID: 31450448 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Body fluid N-glycome analysis as well as glyco-proteoform profiling of existing protein biomarkers potentially provides a stratification layer additional to quantitative, diagnostic protein levels. For clinical omics applications, the collection of a dried blood spot (DBS) is increasingly pursued as an alternative to sampling milliliters of peripheral blood. Here we evaluate DBS cards as a blood collection strategy for protein N-glycosylation analysis aiming for high-throughput clinical applications. A protocol for facile N-glycosylation profiling from DBS is developed that includes sialic acid linkage differentiation. This protocol is based on a previously established total plasma N-glycome mass spectrometry (MS) method, with adjustments for the analysis of DBS specimens. After DBS-punching and protein solubilization N-glycans are released, followed by chemical derivatization of sialic acids and MS-measurement of N-glycan profiles. With this method, more than 80 different glycan structures are identified from a DBS, with RSDs below 10% for the ten most abundant glycans. N-glycan profiles of finger-tip blood and venous blood are compared and short-term stability of DBS is demonstrated. This method for fast N-glycosylation profiling of DBS provides a minimally invasive alternative to conventional serum and plasma protein N-glycosylation workflows. With simplified blood sampling this DBS approach has vast potential for clinical glycomics applications.
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NISHIKAZE T. Sialic acid derivatization for glycan analysis by mass spectrometry. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2019; 95:523-537. [PMID: 31708496 PMCID: PMC6856002 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.95.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a well-accepted means for analyzing glycans. Before glycan analysis by MS, several chemical derivatizations are generally carried out. These are classified into three categories; (1) labeling of the reducing end of glycans, (2) permethylation, and (3) sialic acid derivatization. Because sialic acid residues are unstable, they are easily lost during pretreatment and during or after ionization in a mass spectrometer. Sialic acid derivatization can prevent the loss of this residue. Recently, new types of sialic acid derivatization techniques have been developed, which allow straight-forward sialic acid linkage analysis (α2,3-/α2,6-linkages) as well as residue stabilization. This review summarizes the developments in sialic acid derivatization techniques, especially the varied methods of sialic acid linkage-specific derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi NISHIKAZE
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
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