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Liang M, Wang L, Tian X, Wang K, Zhu X, Huang L, Li Q, Ye W, Chen C, Yang H, Wu W, Chen X, Zhu X, Xue Y, Wan W, Wu Y, Lu L, Wang J, Zou H, Ying T, Zhou F. Identification and validation of anti-protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) antibody as a novel biomarker for systemic sclerosis (SSc). Ann Rheum Dis 2024:ard-2024-225596. [PMID: 38684324 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2024-225596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the complex panorama of autoimmune diseases, the characterisation of pivotal contributing autoantibodies that are involved in disease progression remains challenging. This study aimed to employ a global antibody profiling strategy to identify novel antibodies and investigate their association with systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS We implemented this strategy by conducting immunoprecipitation (IP) following on-bead digestion with the sera of patients with SSc or healthy donors, using antigen pools derived from cell lysates. The enriched antigen-antibody complex was proceeded with mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative proteomics and over-represented by bioinformatics analysis. The candidate antibodies were then orthogonally validated in two independent groups of patients with SSc. Mice were immunised with the target antigen, which was subsequently evaluated by histological examination and RNA sequencing. RESULTS The IP-MS analysis, followed by validation in patients with SSc, revealed a significant elevation in anti-PRMT5 antibodies among patients with SSc. These antibodies exhibited robust diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing SSc from healthy controls and other autoimmune conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome, with an area under the curve ranging from 0.900 to 0.988. The elevation of anti-PRMT5 antibodies was verified in a subsequent independent group with SSc using an additional method, microarray. Notably, 31.11% of patients with SSc exhibited seropositivity for anti-PRMT5 antibodies. Furthermore, the titres of anti-PRMT5 antibodies demonstrated a correlation with the progression or regression trajectory in SSc. PRMT5 immunisation displayed significant inflammation and fibrosis in both the skin and lungs of mice. This was concomitant with the upregulation of multiple proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways, thereby underscoring a potentially pivotal role of anti-PRMT5 antibodies in SSc. CONCLUSIONS This study has identified anti-PRMT5 antibodies as a novel biomarker for SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minrui Liang
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingbiao Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Ye
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihua Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Wan
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hejian Zou
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Baquero F, Beis K, Craik DJ, Li Y, Link AJ, Rebuffat S, Salomón R, Severinov K, Zirah S, Hegemann JD. The pearl jubilee of microcin J25: thirty years of research on an exceptional lasso peptide. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:469-511. [PMID: 38164764 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00046j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 1992 up to 2023Since their discovery, lasso peptides went from peculiarities to be recognized as a major family of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) natural products that were shown to be spread throughout the bacterial kingdom. Microcin J25 was first described in 1992, making it one of the earliest known lasso peptides. No other lasso peptide has since then been studied to such an extent as microcin J25, yet, previous review articles merely skimmed over all the research done on this exceptional lasso peptide. Therefore, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of its first report, we give a comprehensive overview of all literature related to microcin J25. This review article spans the early work towards the discovery of microcin J25, its biosynthetic gene cluster, and the elucidation of its three-dimensional, threaded lasso structure. Furthermore, the current knowledge about the biosynthesis of microcin J25 and lasso peptides in general is summarized and a detailed overview is given on the biological activities associated with microcin J25, including means of self-immunity, uptake into target bacteria, inhibition of the Gram-negative RNA polymerase, and the effects of microcin J25 on mitochondria. The in vitro and in vivo models used to study the potential utility of microcin J25 in a (veterinary) medicine context are discussed and the efforts that went into employing the microcin J25 scaffold in bioengineering contexts are summed up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Baquero
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital and Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Konstantinos Beis
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, UK
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yanyan Li
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM), UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - A James Link
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sylvie Rebuffat
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM), UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Raúl Salomón
- Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Konstantin Severinov
- Waksman Institute for Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Séverine Zirah
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM), UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Julian D Hegemann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacy, Campus E8 1, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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3
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Chandrasekharan G, Unnikrishnan M. High throughput methods to study protein-protein interactions during host-pathogen interactions. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151393. [PMID: 38306772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of a pathogen to survive and cause an infection is often determined by specific interactions between the host and pathogen proteins. Such interactions can be both intra- and extracellular and may define the outcome of an infection. There are a range of innovative biochemical, biophysical and bioinformatic techniques currently available to identify protein-protein interactions (PPI) between the host and the pathogen. However, the complexity and the diversity of host-pathogen PPIs has led to the development of several high throughput (HT) techniques that enable the study of multiple interactions at once and/or screen multiple samples at the same time, in an unbiased manner. We review here the major HT laboratory-based technologies employed for host-bacterial interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meera Unnikrishnan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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4
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Liu C, Song G, Yan S, He Y, Hu C, Hou Y, Wen X, Li L, Zhang F, Zhu H, Li Y. Identification of Anti-SNRPA as a Novel Serological Biomarker for Systemic Sclerosis Diagnosis. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3254-3263. [PMID: 37639699 PMCID: PMC10563158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disorder that leads to vasculopathy and tissue fibrosis. A lack of reliable biomarkers has been a challenge for clinical diagnosis of the disease. We employed a protein array-based approach to identify and validate SSc-specific autoantibodies. Phase I involved profiled autoimmunity using human proteome microarray (HuProt arrays) with 90 serum samples: 40 patients with SSc, 30 patients diagnosed with autoimmune diseases, and 20 healthy subjects. In Phase II, we constructed a focused array with candidates identified antigens and used this to profile a much larger cohort comprised of serum samples. Finally, we used a western blot analysis to validate the serum of validated proteins with high signal values. Bioinformatics analysis allowed us to identify 113 candidate autoantigens that were significantly associated with SSc. This two-phase strategy allowed us to identify and validate anti-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide A (SNRPA) as a novel SSc-specific serological biomarker. The observed positive rate of anti-SNRPA antibody in patients with SSc was 11.25%, which was significantly higher than that of any disease control group (3.33%) or healthy controls (1%). In conclusion, anti-SNRPA autoantibody serves as a novel biomarker for SSc diagnosis and may be promising for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Liu
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, West China Second
University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Guang Song
- School
of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Songxin Yan
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Yangzhige He
- Central
Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Chaojun Hu
- Department
of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology
and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Peking Union Medical
College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Yong Hou
- Department
of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology
and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Peking Union Medical
College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Wen
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Liubing Li
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department
of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology
and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Peking Union Medical
College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
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5
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Peng B, Hao S, Tong Z, Bai H, Pan S, Lim KL, Li L, Voelcker NH, Huang W. Blood-brain barrier (BBB)-on-a-chip: a promising breakthrough in brain disease research. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3579-3602. [PMID: 36004771 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00305h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a key challenge in developing brain-penetrating therapeutic molecules. BBB dysfunction is also associated with the onset and progression of various brain diseases. The BBB-on-a-chip (μBBB), an organ-on-chip technology, has emerged as a powerful in vitro platform that closely mimics the human BBB microenvironments. While the μBBB technology has seen wide application in the study of brain cancer, its utility in other brain disease models ("μBBB+") is less appreciated. Based on the advances of the μBBB technology and the evolution of in vitro models for brain diseases over the last decade, we propose the concept of a "μBBB+" system and summarize its major promising applications in pathological studies, personalized medical research, drug development, and multi-organ-on-chip approaches. We believe that such a sophisticated "μBBB+" system is a highly tunable and promising in vitro platform for further advancement of the understanding of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Shiping Hao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Ziqiu Tong
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Sijun Pan
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Kah-Leong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
| | - Lin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, China
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, China
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
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Younus I, Kochkina S, Choi CC, Sun W, Ford RC. ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters: Snap-on Complexes? Subcell Biochem 2022; 99:35-82. [PMID: 36151373 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-00793-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are one of the largest families of membrane proteins in prokaryotic organisms. Much is now understood about the structure of these transporters and many reviews have been written on that subject. In contrast, less has been written on the assembly of ABC transporter complexes and this will be a major focus of this book chapter. The complexes are formed from two cytoplasmic subunits that are highly conserved (in terms of their primary and three-dimensional structures) across the whole family. These ATP-binding subunits give rise to the name of the family. They must assemble with two transmembrane subunits that will typically form the permease component of the transporter. The transmembrane subunits have been found to be surprisingly diverse in structure when the whole family is examined, with seven distinct folds identified so far. Hence nucleotide-binding subunits appear to have been bolted on to a variety of transmembrane platforms during evolution, leading to a greater variety in function. Furthermore, many importers within the family utilise a further external substrate-binding component to trap scarce substrates and deliver them to the correct permease components. In this chapter, we will discuss whether assembly of the various ABC transporter subunits occurs with high fidelity within the crowded cellular environment and whether promiscuity in assembly of transmembrane and cytoplasmic components can occur. We also discuss the new AlphaFold protein structure prediction tool which predicts a new type of transmembrane domain fold within the ABC transporters that is associated with cation exporters of bacteria and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Younus
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sofia Kochkina
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cheri C Choi
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert C Ford
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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7
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Differential ubiquitination as an effective strategy employed by the Blood-Brain Barrier for prevention of bacterial transcytosis. J Bacteriol 2021; 204:e0045621. [PMID: 34633870 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00456-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective mechanisms of blood-brain barrier (BBB) prohibiting entry of pathogens into central nervous system (CNS) is critical for maintenance of brain homeostasis. These include various intracellular defence mechanisms which are vital to block transcytosis of neurotropic pathogens into the CNS. However, mechanistic details of coordination between these defence pathways remain unexplored. In this study, we established that BBB driven ubiquitination acts as a major intracellular defence mechanism for clearance of S. pneumoniae (SPN), a critical neurotropic pathogen, during transit through BBB. Our findings suggest that BBB employs differential ubiquitination with either K48 or K63-Ub chain topologies as an effective strategy to target SPN towards diverse killing pathways. While K63-Ub decoration triggers autophagic killing, K48-Ub directs SPN exclusively towards proteasomes. Time-lapse fluorescence imaging involving proteasomal marker LMP2 revealed that in BBB, majority of the ubiquitinated SPN were cleared by proteasome. Fittingly, inhibition of proteasome and autophagy pathway led to accumulation of K48-Ub and K63-Ub marked SPN, respectively, and triggered significant increase in intracellular SPN burden. Moreover, genetic impairment of either K48 or K63-Ub chain formation demonstrated that though both chain types are key in disposal of intracellular SPN, K48-Ub chains and subsequent proteasomal degradation has more pronounced contribution towards intracellular SPN killing in BBB. Collectively, these observations for the first time illustrated a pivotal role of differential ubiquitination deployed by BBB in orchestrating a symphony of intracellular defence mechanisms for interception and degradation of SPN, blocking its entry into the brain which could be exploited to prevent bacterial CNS infections. IMPORTANCE Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) represents a unique cellular barrier which provides structural integrity and protection to CNS from pathogen invasion. Recently, ubiquitination, which is key for cellular homeostasis, is shown to be involved in pathogen clearance. In this study, we deciphered that BBB deploys differential ubiquitination as an effective strategy to prevent SPN trafficking into the brain. The different ubiquitin chain topologies formed on SPN dictated the selection of downstream degradative pathways, namely, autophagy and proteasomes, amongst which the contribution of proteasomal system in SPN killing is more pronounced. Overall our study revealed how BBB deploys differential ubiquitination as a strategy for synchronization of various intracellular defence pathways, which work in tandem to ensure brain's identity as an immunologically privileged site.
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8
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Feng Y, Huang J, Qu C, Huang M, Chen Z, Tang D, Xu Z, Wang B, Chen Z. Future perspective: high-throughput construction of new ultrasensitive cytokine and virion liquid chips for high-throughput screening (HTS) of anti-inflammatory drugs or clinical diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7685-7699. [PMID: 32870351 PMCID: PMC7459963 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-host cell interactions play an important role in many human infectious and inflammatory diseases. Several pathogens, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), and even the recent 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), can cause serious breathing and brain disorders, tissue injury and inflammation, leading to high rates of mortality and resulting in great loss to human physical and mental health as well as the global economy. These infectious diseases exploit the microbial and host factors to induce serious inflammatory and immunological symptoms. Thus the development of anti-inflammatory drugs targeting bacterial/viral infection is an urgent need. In previous studies, YojI-IFNAR2, YojI-IL10RA, YojI-NRP1,YojI-SIGLEC7, and YojI-MC4R membrane-protein interactions were found to mediate E. coli invasion of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which activated the downstream anti-inflammatory proteins NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 2(NLRP2), using a proteomic chip conjugated with cell immunofluorescence labeling. However, the studies of pathogen (bacteria/virus)-host cell interactions mediated by membrane protein interactions did not extend their principles to broad biomedical applications such as 2019-nCoV infectious disease therapy. The first part of this feature article presents in-depth analysis of the cross-talk of cellular anti-inflammatory transduction signaling among interferon membrane protein receptor II (IFNAR2), interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha (IL-10RA), NLRP2 and [Ca2+]-dependent phospholipase A2 (PLA2G5), based on experimental results and important published studies, which lays a theoretical foundation for the high-throughput construction of the cytokine and virion solution chip. The paper then moves on to the construction of the novel GPCR recombinant herpes virion chip and virion nano-oscillators for profiling membrane protein functions, which drove the idea of constructing the new recombinant virion and cytokine liquid chips for HTS of leading drugs. Due to the different structural properties of GPCR, IFNAR2, ACE2 and Spike of 2019-nCoV, their ligands will either bind the extracellular domain of IFNAR2/ACE2/Spike or the specific loops of the GPCR on the envelope of the recombinant herpes virions to induce dynamic charge distribution changes that lead to the variable electron transition for detection. Taken together, the combined overview of two of the most innovative and exciting developments in the immunoinflammatory field provides new insight into high-throughput construction of ultrasensitive cytokine and virion liquid chips for HTS of anti-inflammatory drugs or clinical diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases including infectious diseases, acute or chronic inflammation (acute gouty arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis), cardiovascular disease, atheromatosis, diabetes, obesity, tissue injury and tumors. It has significant value in the prevention and treatment of these serious and painful diseases. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhu Feng
- College of Pharmacy & International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation (IATTI), Chongqing University of Art and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bio-theological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Jiuhong Huang
- College of Pharmacy & International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation (IATTI), Chongqing University of Art and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Chuanhua Qu
- College of Pharmacy & International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation (IATTI), Chongqing University of Art and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Mengjun Huang
- College of Pharmacy & International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation (IATTI), Chongqing University of Art and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Zhencong Chen
- College of Pharmacy & International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation (IATTI), Chongqing University of Art and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Dianyong Tang
- College of Pharmacy & International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation (IATTI), Chongqing University of Art and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- College of Pharmacy & International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation (IATTI), Chongqing University of Art and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- College of Pharmacy & International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation (IATTI), Chongqing University of Art and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bio-theological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Zhongzhu Chen
- College of Pharmacy & International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation (IATTI), Chongqing University of Art and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
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Syu GD, Dunn J, Zhu H. Developments and Applications of Functional Protein Microarrays. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:916-927. [PMID: 32303587 PMCID: PMC7261817 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r120.001936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein microarrays are crucial tools in the study of proteins in an unbiased, high-throughput manner, as they allow for characterization of up to thousands of individually purified proteins in parallel. The adaptability of this technology has enabled its use in a wide variety of applications, including the study of proteome-wide molecular interactions, analysis of post-translational modifications, identification of novel drug targets, and examination of pathogen-host interactions. In addition, the technology has also been shown to be useful in profiling antibody specificity, as well as in the discovery of novel biomarkers, especially for autoimmune diseases and cancers. In this review, we will summarize the developments that have been made in protein microarray technology in both in basic and translational research over the past decade. We will also introduce a novel membrane protein array, the GPCR-VirD array, and discuss the future directions of functional protein microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Da Syu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan R.O.C..
| | - Jessica Dunn
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; Center for High-Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; Viral Oncology Program, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231.
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10
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Kim KS. Investigating Bacterial Penetration of the Blood-Brain Barrier for the Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Therapy of Bacterial Meningitis. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:34-42. [PMID: 31805229 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The most distressing aspect of bacterial meningitis is limited improvement in the mortality and morbidity despite attributable advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy and supportive care. A major contributing factor to such mortality and morbidity is our incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. Microbial penetration of the blood-brain barrier, a prerequisite for the development of bacterial meningitis, exploits specific host and bacterial factors as well as host cell signaling molecules. Determination and characterization of such host and bacterial factors have been instrumental for developing our current knowledge on the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis. In addition, counteracting such host and microbial factors has been shown to be efficacious in the prevention of bacterial meningitis. Antimicrobial therapy alone has limited efficacy in improving the outcome of bacterial meningitis. Recent studies suggest that counteracting targets contributing to bacterial penetration of the blood-brain barrier are a beneficial therapeutic adjunct to antimicrobial therapy in improving the outcome of bacterial meningitis. Taken together, these findings indicate that the elucidation of host and bacterial factors contributing to microbial penetration of the blood-brain barrier provides a novel strategy for investigating the pathogenesis, prevention, and therapy of bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Kim
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 North Wolfe Street, Room 3157, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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11
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Dong Y, Wang J, Du KX, Jia TM, Zhu CL, Zhang Y, Xu FL. MicroRNA-135a participates in the development of astrocytes derived from bacterial meningitis by downregulating HIF-1α. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C711-C721. [PMID: 30726113 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00440.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has highlighted the potential of microRNAs (miRs) as biomarkers in various human diseases. However, the roles of miRs in bacterial meningitis (BM), a severe infectious condition, still remain unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of miR-135a on proliferation and apoptosis of astrocytes in BM. Neonatal rats were injected with Streptococcus pneumoniae to establish the BM model. The expression of miR-135a and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in the BM rat models were characterized, followed by determination of their interaction. Using gain- and loss-of-function approaches, the effects of miR-135a on proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), in addition to apoptosis-related factors in astrocytes were examined accordingly. The regulatory effect of HIF-1α was also determined along with the overexpression or knockdown of HIF-1α. The results obtained indicated that miR-135a was poorly expressed, whereas HIF-1α was highly expressed in the BM rat models. In addition, restored expression levels of miR-135a were determined to promote proliferation while inhibiting the apoptosis of astrocytes, along with downregulated Bax and Bad, as well as upregulated Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and GFAP. As a target gene of miR-135a, HIF-1α expression was determined to be diminished by miR-135a. The upregulation of HIF-1α reversed the miR-135a-induced proliferation of astrocytes. Taken together, the key findings of the current study present evidence suggesting that miR-135a can downregulate HIF-1α and play a contributory role in the development of astrocytes derived from BM, providing a novel theoretical perspective for BM treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China.,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Children Rehabilitation, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Kai-Xian Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Tian-Ming Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Chang-Lian Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China.,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury , Zhengzhou , China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Yan Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan Red Cross Blood Center , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Fa-Lin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
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12
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The Applications of Promoter-gene-Engineered Biosensors. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18092823. [PMID: 30150540 PMCID: PMC6164924 DOI: 10.3390/s18092823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A promoter is a small region of a DNA sequence that responds to various transcription factors, which initiates a particular gene expression. The promoter-engineered biosensor can activate or repress gene expression through a transcription factor recognizing specific molecules, such as polyamine, sugars, lactams, amino acids, organic acids, or a redox molecule; however, there are few reported applications of promoter-enhanced biosensors. This review paper highlights the strategies of construction of promoter gene-engineered biosensors with human and bacteria genetic promoter arrays with regard to high-throughput screening (HTS) molecular drugs, the study of the membrane protein’s localization and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling mechanism of regulating factors, enzyme activity, detection of the toxicity of intermediate chemicals, and probing bacteria density to improve value-added product titer. These biosensors’ sensitivity and specificity can be further improved by the proposed approaches of Mn2+ and Mg2+ added random error-prone PCR that is a technique used to generate randomized genomic libraries and site-directed mutagenesis approach, which is applied for the construction of bacteria’s “mutant library”. This is expected to establish a flexible HTS platform (biosensor array) to large-scale screen transcription factor-acting drugs, reduce the toxicity of intermediate compounds, and construct a gene-dynamic regulatory system in “push and pull” mode, in order to effectively regulate the valuable medicinal product production. These proposed novel promoter-engineered biosensors aiding in synthetic genetic circuit construction will maximize the efficiency of the bio-synthesis of medicinal compounds, which will greatly promote the development of microbial metabolic engineering and biomedical science.
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