1
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Zhou J, Ge D, Chu Y, Liu Y, Lu Y, Chu Y. Distinguish Esophageal Cancer Cells through VOCs Induced by Methionine Regulation. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38864484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Detection of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is promising for noninvasive screening of esophageal cancer (EC). Cellular VOC analysis can be used to investigate potential biomarkers. Considering the crucial role of methionine (Met) during cancer development, exploring associated abnormal metabolic phenotypes becomes imperative. In this work, we employed headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to investigate the volatile metabolic profiles of EC cells (KYSE150) and normal esophageal epithelial cells (HEECs) under a Met regulation strategy. Using untargeted approaches, we analyzed the metabolic VOCs of the two cell types and explored the differential VOCs between them. Subsequently, we utilized targeted approaches to analyze the differential VOCs in both cell types under gradient Met culture conditions. The results revealed that there were five/six differential VOCs between cells under Met-containing/Met-free culture conditions. And the difference in levels of two characteristic VOCs (1-butanol and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate) between the two cell types intensified with the increase of the Met concentration. Notably, this is the first report on VOC analysis of EC cells and the first to consider the effect of Met on volatile metabolic profiles. The present work indicates that EC cells can be distinguished through VOCs induced by Met regulation, which holds promise for providing novel insights into diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijuan Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Dianlong Ge
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Yajing Chu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Yannan Chu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
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2
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Chen J, Ji Y, Liu Y, Cen Z, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Li X. Exhaled volatolomics profiling facilitates personalized screening for gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 590:216881. [PMID: 38614384 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most fatal cancers, characterized by non-specific early symptoms and difficulty in detection. However, there are no valid non-invasive screening tools available for GC. Here we establish a non-invasive method that employs exhaled volatolomics and ensemble learning to detect GC. We developed a comprehensive mass spectrometry-based procedure and determined of a wide range of volatolomics from 314 breath samples. The discovery, identification and verification research screened a biomarker panel to distinguish GC from controls. This panel has achieved 0.90 (0.87-0.94, 95%CI) accuracy, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.92 (0.89-0.94, 95%CI) in discovery cohort and 0.88 (0.83-0.91, 95%CI) accuracy with an AUC of 0.91 (0.87-0.93, 95%CI) in replication cohort, which outperformed traditional serum markers. Single-cell sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that these exhaled markers originated from aldehyde oxidation and pyruvate metabolism. Our approach advances the design of exhaled analysis for GC detection and holds promise as a non-invasive method to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Yongyan Ji
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Yongqian Liu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Zhengnan Cen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Yuanwen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China.
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3
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Song HW, Moon D, Won Y, Cha YK, Yoo J, Park TH, Oh JH. A pattern recognition artificial olfactory system based on human olfactory receptors and organic synaptic devices. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl2882. [PMID: 38781346 PMCID: PMC11114221 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Neuromorphic sensors, designed to emulate natural sensory systems, hold the promise of revolutionizing data extraction by facilitating rapid and energy-efficient analysis of extensive datasets. However, a challenge lies in accurately distinguishing specific analytes within mixtures of chemically similar compounds using existing neuromorphic chemical sensors. In this study, we present an artificial olfactory system (AOS), developed through the integration of human olfactory receptors (hORs) and artificial synapses. This AOS is engineered by interfacing an hOR-functionalized extended gate with an organic synaptic device. The AOS generates distinct patterns for odorants and mixtures thereof, at the molecular chain length level, attributed to specific hOR-odorant binding affinities. This approach enables precise pattern recognition via training and inference simulations. These findings establish a foundation for the development of high-performance sensor platforms and artificial sensory systems, which are ideal for applications in wearable and implantable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongseok Moon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yousang Won
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Kyung Cha
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yoo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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4
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Fitzgerald S, Holland L, Ahmed W, Piechulla B, Fowler SJ, Morrin A. Volatilomes of human infection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:37-53. [PMID: 37843549 PMCID: PMC10758372 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The human volatilome comprises a vast mixture of volatile emissions produced by the human body and its microbiomes. Following infection, the human volatilome undergoes significant shifts, and presents a unique medium for non-invasive biomarker discovery. In this review, we examine how the onset of infection impacts the production of volatile metabolites that reflects dysbiosis by pathogenic microbes. We describe key analytical workflows applied across both microbial and clinical volatilomics and emphasize the value in linking microbial studies to clinical investigations to robustly elucidate the metabolic species and pathways leading to the observed volatile signatures. We review the current state of the art across microbial and clinical volatilomics, outlining common objectives and successes of microbial-clinical volatilomic workflows. Finally, we propose key challenges, as well as our perspectives on emerging opportunities for developing clinically useful and targeted workflows that could significantly enhance and expedite current practices in infection diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Fitzgerald
- SFI Insight Centre for Data Analytics, School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Linda Holland
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Birgit Piechulla
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephen J Fowler
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Aoife Morrin
- SFI Insight Centre for Data Analytics, School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
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5
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Zhai Y, Fu X, Xu W. Miniature mass spectrometers and their potential for clinical point-of-care analysis. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023. [PMID: 37610153 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a powerful technique for clinical applications with high sensitivity and specificity. Different from conventional MS diagnosis in laboratory, point-of-care (POC) analyses in clinics require mass spectrometers and analytical procedures to be friendly for novice users and applicable for on-site clinical diagnosis. The recent decades have seen the progress in the development of miniature mass spectrometers, providing a promising solution for clinical POC applications. In this review, we report recent advances of miniature mass spectrometers and their exploration in clinical applications, mainly including the rapid analysis of illegal drugs, on-site monitoring of therapeutic drugs, and detection of biomarkers. With improved analytical performance, miniature mass spectrometers are also expected to apply to more and more clinical applications. Some promising POC analyses that can be performed by miniature mass spectrometers in the future are discussed. Lastly, we also provide our perspectives on the challenges in technical development of miniature mass spectrometers for clinical POC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Zhai
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Fu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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6
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Romano A, Fehervari M, Boshier PR. Influence of ventilatory parameters on the concentration of exhaled volatile organic compounds in mechanically ventilated patients. Analyst 2023; 148:4020-4029. [PMID: 37497696 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00786c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) within exhaled breath is subject to numerous sources of methodological and physiological variability. Whilst breathing pattern is expected to influence the concentrations of selected exhaled VOCs, it remains challenging to investigate respiratory rate and depth accurately in awake subjects. Online breath sampling was performed in 20 mechanically ventilated patients using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). The effect of variation in respiratory rate (RR) and tidal volume (TV) on the VOC release profiles was examined. A panel of nineteen VOCs were selected, including isoprene, acetone, propofol, volatile aldehydes, acids and phenols. Variation in RR had the greatest influence on exhaled isoprene levels, with maximum and average concentrations being inversely correlated with RR. Variations in RR had a statistically significant impact on acetone, C3-C7 linear aldehydes and acetic acid. In comparison, phenols (including propofol), C8-C10 aldehydes and C3-C6 carboxylic acids were not influenced by RR. Isoprene was the only compound to be influenced by variation in TV. These findings, obtained under controlled conditions, provide useful guidelines for the optimisation of breath sampling protocols to be applied on awake patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Romano
- Department Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Piers R Boshier
- Department Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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7
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Zhang X, Frankevich V, Ding J, Ma Y, Chingin K, Chen H. Direct mass spectrometry analysis of exhaled human breath in real-time. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023. [PMID: 37565588 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecular composition of exhaled human breath can reflect various physiological and pathological conditions. Considerable progress has been achieved over the past decade in real-time analysis of exhaled human breath using direct mass spectrometry methods, including selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, secondary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, acetone-assisted negative photoionization mass spectrometry, atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry, and low-pressure photoionization mass spectrometry. Here, recent developments in direct mass spectrometry analysis of exhaled human breath are reviewed with regard to analytical performance (chemical sensitivity, selectivity, quantitative capabilities) and applications of the developed methods in disease diagnosis, targeted molecular detection, and real-time metabolic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Vladimir Frankevich
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Jianhua Ding
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of GCP, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Konstantin Chingin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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8
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Geng X, Zhang K, Li H, Da Yong Chen D. Online mass spectrometry of exhaled breath with a modified ambient ion source. Talanta 2023; 255:124254. [PMID: 36634427 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Exhaled breath (EB) may contain metabolites that are closely related to human health conditions. Real time analysis of EB is important to study its true composition, however, it has been difficult. A robust ambient ionization mass spectrometry method using a modified direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source was developed for the online analysis of breath volatiles. The modified DART ion source can provide a confined region for direct sampling, rapid transmission and efficient ionization of exhaled breath. With different sampling methods, offline analysis and near real-time evaluation of exhaled breath were also achieved, and their unique molecular features were characterized. High resolution MS data aided the putative metabolite identification in breath samples, resulting in hundreds of volatile organic compounds being identified in the exhalome. The method was sensitive enough to be used for monitoring the breath feature changes after taking different food and over-the-counter medicine. Quantification was performed for pyridine and valeric acid with fasting and after ingesting different food. The developed method is fast, simple, versatile, and potentially useful for evaluating the true state of human exhaled breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Geng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, 257091, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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Xu L, Zhang K, Geng X, Li H, Chen DDY. High-resolution mass spectrometry exhalome profiling with a modified direct analysis in real time ion source. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9406. [PMID: 36169592 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Exhaled breath contains many substances that are closely related to human metabolism. Analysis of its composition is important for human health, but it is difficult. Since the volatile molecules in breath samples are exhaled instantaneously, easily diffused and modified, and at low level of presence, they are difficult to identify and quantify. METHODS A modified direct analysis in real time ion source was used for high-resolution mass spectrometry measurement of human metabolites in exhaled breath through online monitoring and offline analysis, in both positive and negative ion modes. The improved system enabled the breath volatiles as well as condensates to be directly sampled, rapidly transmitted and efficiently ionized in a confined region, and then detected using an Orbitrap mass analyzer. RESULTS The molecular features with online and offline analysis of exhaled breath were demonstrated with obvious differences. A total of about 65 metabolites in positive ion mode and about 55 metabolites in negative ion mode were identified based on accurate m/z values. Exhalome profile and the composition proportion of different classes of compounds were obtained. The relative contents of metabolites from breath varied during different time periods throughout a day. CONCLUSIONS A more complete picture of the human breath metabolome was provided combining the results obtained from both online and offline analysis. The developed method allows analysis of breath samples with different status rapidly and directly, and it features simple operation and metabolite identification, requiring little or no sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Geng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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10
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Keogh RJ, Riches JC. The Use of Breath Analysis in the Management of Lung Cancer: Is It Ready for Primetime? Curr Oncol 2022; 29:7355-7378. [PMID: 36290855 PMCID: PMC9600994 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Breath analysis is a promising non-invasive method for the detection and management of lung cancer. Exhaled breath contains a complex mixture of volatile and non-volatile organic compounds that are produced as end-products of metabolism. Several studies have explored the patterns of these compounds and have postulated that a unique breath signature is emitted in the setting of lung cancer. Most studies have evaluated the use of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify these unique breath signatures. With recent advances in the field of analytical chemistry and machine learning gaseous chemical sensing and identification devices have also been created to detect patterns of odorant molecules such as volatile organic compounds. These devices offer hope for a point-of-care test in the future. Several prospective studies have also explored the presence of specific genomic aberrations in the exhaled breath of patients with lung cancer as an alternative method for molecular analysis. Despite its potential, the use of breath analysis has largely been limited to translational research due to methodological issues, the lack of standardization or validation and the paucity of large multi-center studies. It is clear however that it offers a potentially non-invasive alternative to investigations such as tumor biopsy and blood sampling.
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The Human Skin Volatolome: A Systematic Review of Untargeted Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090824. [PMID: 36144228 PMCID: PMC9504915 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can provide important clinical information (entirely non-invasively); however, the exact extent to which VOCs from human skin can be signatures of health and disease is unknown. This systematic review summarises the published literature concerning the methodology, application, and volatile profiles of skin VOC studies. An online literature search was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis, to identify human skin VOC studies using untargeted mass spectrometry (MS) methods. The principal outcome was chemically verified VOCs detected from the skin. Each VOC was cross-referenced using the CAS number against the Human Metabolome and KEGG databases to evaluate biological origins. A total of 29 studies identified 822 skin VOCs from 935 participants. Skin VOCs were commonly sampled from the hand (n = 9) or forearm (n = 7) using an absorbent patch (n = 15) with analysis by gas chromatography MS (n = 23). Twenty-two studies profiled the skin VOCs of healthy subjects, demonstrating a volatolome consisting of aldehydes (18%), carboxylic acids (12%), alkanes (12%), fatty alcohols (9%), ketones (7%), benzenes and derivatives (6%), alkenes (2%), and menthane monoterpenoids (2%). Of the VOCs identified, 13% had putative endogenous origins, 46% had tentative exogenous origins, and 40% were metabolites from mixed metabolic pathways. This review has comprehensively profiled the human skin volatolome, demonstrating the presence of a distinct VOC signature of healthy skin, which can be used as a reference for future researchers seeking to unlock the clinical potential of skin volatolomics. As significant proportions of identified VOCs have putative exogenous origins, strategies to minimise their presence through methodological refinements and identifying confounding compounds are discussed.
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12
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In vivo detection of metabolic 2H-incorporation upon ingestion of 2H2O. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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13
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Kabir KM, Baker MJ, Donald WA. Micro- and nanoscale sensing of volatile organic compounds for early-stage cancer diagnosis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Ge D, Zhou J, Chu Y, Lu Y, Zou X, Xia L, Liu Y, Huang C, Shen C, Zhang L, Wang H, Chu Y. Distinguish oral-source VOCs and control their potential impact on breath biomarkers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2275-2284. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Lueno M, Dobrowolny H, Gescher D, Gbaoui L, Meyer-Lotz G, Hoeschen C, Frodl T. Volatile Organic Compounds From Breath Differ Between Patients With Major Depression and Healthy Controls. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:819607. [PMID: 35903642 PMCID: PMC9314777 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.819607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a widespread common disorder. Up to now, there are no easy and frequent to use non-invasive biomarkers that could guide the diagnosis and treatment of MDD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are different mass concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the exhaled breath between patients with MDD and healthy controls. For this purpose, patients with MDD according to DSM-V and healthy subjects were investigated. VOCs contained in the breath were collected immediately after awakening, after 30 min, and after 60 min in a respective breath sample and measured using PRT-MS (proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry). Concentrations of masses m/z 88, 89, and 90 were significantly decreased in patients with MDD compared with healthy controls. Moreover, changes during the time in mass concentrations of m/z 93 and 69 significantly differed between groups. Differentiation between groups was possible with an AUCs of 0.80-0.94 in ROC analyses. In this first study, VOCs differed between patients and controls, and therefore, might be a promising tool for future studies. Altered masses are conceivable with energy metabolism in a variety of biochemical processes and involvement of the brain-gut-lung-microbiome axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Lueno
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Gescher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laila Gbaoui
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Meyer-Lotz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Hoeschen
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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16
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Dima AC, Balaban DV, Dima A. Diagnostic Application of Volatile Organic Compounds as Potential Biomarkers for Detecting Digestive Neoplasia: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122317. [PMID: 34943554 PMCID: PMC8700395 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are part of the exhaled breath that were proposed as non-invasive breath biomarkers via different human discharge products like saliva, breath, urine, blood, or tissues. Particularly, due to the non-invasive approach, VOCs were considered as potential biomarkers for non-invasive early cancer detection. We herein aimed to review the data over VOCs utility in digestive neoplasia as early diagnosis or monitoring biomarkers. A systematic literature search was done using MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Thomson Reuters' Web of Science Core Collection. We identified sixteen articles that were included in the final analysis. Based on the current knowledge, we cannot identify a single VOC as a specific non-invasive biomarker for digestive neoplasia. Several combinations of up to twelve VOCs seem promising for accurately detecting some neoplasia types. A combination of different VOCs breath expression are promising tools for digestive neoplasia screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Catalin Dima
- Department of General Surgery and Department of Gastroenterology, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Vasile Balaban
- Department of General Surgery and Department of Gastroenterology, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Alina Dima
- Department of Rheumatology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania;
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17
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Zhang J, Tian Y, Luo Z, Qian C, Li W, Duan Y. Breath volatile organic compound analysis: an emerging method for gastric cancer detection. J Breath Res 2021; 15. [PMID: 34610588 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac2cde] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common malignancy, being the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Diagnosis of gastric cancer at the early stage is critical to effectively improve the survival rate. However, a substantial proportion of patients with gastric cancer in the early stages lack specific symptoms or are asymptomatic. Moreover, the imaging techniques currently used for gastric cancer screening, such as computed tomography and barium examination, are usually radioactive and have low sensitivity and specificity. Even though endoscopy has high accuracy for gastric cancer screening, its application is limited by the invasiveness of the technique. Breath analysis is an economic, effective, easy to perform, non-invasive detection method, and has no undesirable side effects on subjects. Extensive worldwide research has been conducted on breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which reveals its prospect as a potential method for gastric cancer detection. Many interesting results have been obtained and innovative methods have been introduced in this subject; hence, an extensive review would be beneficial. By providing a comprehensive list of breath VOCs identified by gastric cancer would promote further research in this field. This review summarizes the commonly used technologies for exhaled breath analysis, focusing on the application of analytical instruments in the detection of breath VOCs in gastric cancers, and the alterations in the profile of breath biomarkers in gastric cancer patients are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Tian
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zewei Luo
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
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18
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Belluomo I, Boshier PR, Myridakis A, Vadhwana B, Markar SR, Spanel P, Hanna GB. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry for targeted analysis of volatile organic compounds in human breath. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:3419-3438. [PMID: 34089020 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) within breath for noninvasive disease detection and monitoring is an emergent research field that has the potential to reshape current clinical practice. However, adoption of breath testing has been limited by a lack of standardization. This protocol provides a comprehensive workflow for online and offline breath analysis using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). Following the suggested protocol, 50 human breath samples can be analyzed and interpreted in <3 h. Key advantages of SIFT-MS are exploited, including the acquisition of real-time results and direct compound quantification without need for calibration curves. The protocol includes details of methods developed for targeted analysis of disease-specific VOCs, specifically short-chain fatty acids, aldehydes, phenols, alcohols and alkanes. A procedure to make custom breath collection bags is also described. This standardized protocol for VOC analysis using SIFT-MS is intended to provide a basis for wider application and the use of breath analysis in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Belluomo
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Piers R Boshier
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bhamini Vadhwana
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sheraz R Markar
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Patrik Spanel
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - George B Hanna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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19
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Drabińska N, Flynn C, Ratcliffe N, Belluomo I, Myridakis A, Gould O, Fois M, Smart A, Devine T, Costello BDL. A literature survey of all volatiles from healthy human breath and bodily fluids: the human volatilome. J Breath Res 2021; 15. [PMID: 33761469 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abf1d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper comprises an updated version of the 2014 review which reported 1846 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified from healthy humans. In total over 900 additional VOCs have been reported since the 2014 review and the VOCs from semen have been added. The numbers of VOCs found in breath and the other bodily fluids are: blood 379, breath 1488, faeces 443, milk 290, saliva 549, semen 196, skin 623 and urine 444. Compounds were assigned CAS registry numbers and named according to a common convention where possible. The compounds have been included in a single table with the source reference(s) for each VOC, an update on our 2014 paper. VOCs have also been grouped into tables according to their chemical class or functionality to permit easy comparison. Careful use of the database is needed, as a number of the identified VOCs only have level 2-putative assignment, and only a small fraction of the reported VOCs have been validated by standards. Some clear differences are observed, for instance, a lack of esters in urine with a high number in faeces and breath. However, the lack of compounds from matrices such a semen and milk compared to breath for example could be due to the techniques used or reflect the intensity of effort e.g. there are few publications on VOCs from milk and semen compared to a large number for breath. The large number of volatiles reported from skin is partly due to the methodologies used, e.g. by collecting skin sebum (with dissolved VOCs and semi VOCs) onto glass beads or cotton pads and then heating to a high temperature to desorb VOCs. All compounds have been included as reported (unless there was a clear discrepancy between name and chemical structure), but there may be some mistaken assignations arising from the original publications, particularly for isomers. It is the authors' intention that this work will not only be a useful database of VOCs listed in the literature but will stimulate further study of VOCs from healthy individuals; for example more work is required to confirm the identification of these VOCs adhering to the principles outlined in the metabolomics standards initiative. Establishing a list of volatiles emanating from healthy individuals and increased understanding of VOC metabolic pathways is an important step for differentiating between diseases using VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Drabińska
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Cheryl Flynn
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Norman Ratcliffe
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Belluomo
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, QEQM Building, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, QEQM Building, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Gould
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Fois
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Smart
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Terry Devine
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Ben De Lacy Costello
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
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20
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Woodfield G, Belluomo I, Boshier PR, Waller A, Fayyad M, von Wagner C, Cross AJ, Hanna GB. Feasibility and acceptability of breath research in primary care: a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044691. [PMID: 33849851 PMCID: PMC8051376 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the feasibility and acceptability of breath research in primary care. DESIGN Non-randomised, prospective, mixed-methods cross-sectional observational study. SETTING Twenty-six urban primary care practices. PARTICIPANTS 1002 patients aged 18-90 years with gastrointestinal symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES During the first 6 months of the study (phase 1), feasibility of patient enrolment using face-to-face, telephone or SMS-messaging (Short Message Service) enrolment strategies, as well as processes for breath testing at local primary care practices, were evaluated. A mixed-method iterative study design was adopted and outcomes evaluated using weekly Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles, focus groups and general practitioner (GP) questionnaires.During the second 6 months of the study (phase 2), patient and GP acceptability of the breath test and testing process was assessed using questionnaires. In addition a 'single practice' recruitment model was compared with a 'hub and spoke' centralised recruitment model with regards to enrolment ability and patient acceptability.Throughout the study feasibility of the collection of a large number of breath samples by clinical staff over multiple study sites was evaluated and quantified by the analysis of these samples using mass spectrometry. RESULTS 1002 patients were recruited within 192 sampling days. Both 'single practice' and 'hub and spoke' recruitment models were effective with an average of 5.3 and 4.3 patients accrued per day, respectively. The 'hub and spoke' model with SMS messaging was the most efficient combined method of patient accrual. Acceptability of the test was high among both patients and GPs. The methodology for collection, handling and analysis of breath samples was effective, with 95% of samples meeting quality criteria. CONCLUSIONS Large-scale breath testing in primary care was feasible and acceptable. This study provides a practical framework to guide the design of Phase III trials examining the performance of breath testing in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Woodfield
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ilaria Belluomo
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Piers R Boshier
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Annabelle Waller
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maya Fayyad
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christian von Wagner
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, London, UK
| | - Amanda J Cross
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - George B Hanna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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21
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Henderson B, Lopes Batista G, Bertinetto CG, Meurs J, Materić D, Bongers CCWG, Allard NAE, Eijsvogels TMH, Holzinger R, Harren FJM, Jansen JJ, Hopman MTE, Cristescu SM. Exhaled Breath Reflects Prolonged Exercise and Statin Use during a Field Campaign. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040192. [PMID: 33805108 PMCID: PMC8064097 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath provide insights into various metabolic processes and can be used to monitor physiological response to exercise and medication. We integrated and validated in situ a sampling and analysis protocol using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) for exhaled breath research. The approach was demonstrated on a participant cohort comprising users of the cholesterol-lowering drug statins and non-statin users during a field campaign of three days of prolonged and repeated exercise, with no restrictions on food or drink consumption. The effect of prolonged exercise was reflected in the exhaled breath of participants, and relevant VOCs were identified. Most of the VOCs, such as acetone, showed an increase in concentration after the first day of walking and subsequent decrease towards baseline levels prior to walking on the second day. A cluster of short-chain fatty acids including acetic acid, butanoic acid, and propionic acid were identified in exhaled breath as potential indicators of gut microbiota activity relating to exercise and drug use. We have provided novel information regarding the use of breathomics for non-invasive monitoring of changes in human metabolism and especially for the gut microbiome activity in relation to exercise and the use of medication, such as statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Henderson
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (G.L.B.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (F.J.M.H.)
| | - Guilherme Lopes Batista
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (G.L.B.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (F.J.M.H.)
| | - Carlo G. Bertinetto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemometrics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.G.B.); (J.J.J.)
| | - Joris Meurs
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (G.L.B.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (F.J.M.H.)
| | - Dušan Materić
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (G.L.B.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (F.J.M.H.)
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Coen C. W. G. Bongers
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.C.W.G.B.); (N.A.E.A.); (T.M.H.E.); (M.T.E.H.)
| | - Neeltje A. E. Allard
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.C.W.G.B.); (N.A.E.A.); (T.M.H.E.); (M.T.E.H.)
| | - Thijs M. H. Eijsvogels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.C.W.G.B.); (N.A.E.A.); (T.M.H.E.); (M.T.E.H.)
| | - Rupert Holzinger
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Frans J. M. Harren
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (G.L.B.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (F.J.M.H.)
| | - Jeroen J. Jansen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemometrics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.G.B.); (J.J.J.)
| | - Maria T. E. Hopman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.C.W.G.B.); (N.A.E.A.); (T.M.H.E.); (M.T.E.H.)
| | - Simona M. Cristescu
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (G.L.B.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (F.J.M.H.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Antonowicz S, Bodai Z, Wiggins T, Markar SR, Boshier PR, Goh YM, Adam ME, Lu H, Kudo H, Rosini F, Goldin R, Moralli D, Green CM, Peters CJ, Habib N, Gabra H, Fitzgerald RC, Takats Z, Hanna GB. Endogenous aldehyde accumulation generates genotoxicity and exhaled biomarkers in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1454. [PMID: 33674602 PMCID: PMC7935981 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile aldehydes are enriched in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) patients' breath and could improve early diagnosis, however the mechanisms of their production are unknown. Here, we show that weak aldehyde detoxification characterizes EAC, which is sufficient to cause endogenous aldehyde accumulation in vitro. Two aldehyde groups are significantly enriched in EAC biopsies and adjacent tissue: (i) short-chain alkanals, and (ii) medium-chain alkanals, including decanal. The short-chain alkanals form DNA-adducts, which demonstrates genotoxicity and confirms inadequate detoxification. Metformin, a putative aldehyde scavenger, reduces this toxicity. Tissue and breath concentrations of the medium-chain alkanal decanal are correlated, and increased decanal is linked to reduced ALDH3A2 expression, TP53 deletion, and adverse clinical features. Thus, we present a model for increased exhaled aldehydes based on endogenous accumulation from reduced detoxification, which also causes therapeutically actionable genotoxicity. These results support EAC early diagnosis trials using exhaled aldehyde analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Antonowicz
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zsolt Bodai
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Wiggins
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sheraz R Markar
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Piers R Boshier
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yan Mei Goh
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mina E Adam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Haonan Lu
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Robert Goldin
- Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniela Moralli
- Chromosome Dynamics Core, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine M Green
- Chromosome Dynamics Core, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chris J Peters
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nagy Habib
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hani Gabra
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - George B Hanna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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23
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Mäkitie AA, Almangush A, Youssef O, Metsälä M, Silén S, Nixon IJ, Haigentz M, Rodrigo JP, Saba NF, Vander Poorten V, Ferlito A. Exhaled breath analysis in the diagnosis of head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2019; 42:787-793. [PMID: 31854494 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) comprises a heterogeneous group of upper aerodigestive tract malignant neoplasms, the most frequent of which is squamous cell carcinoma. HNC forms the eighth most common cancer type and the incidence is increasing. However, survival has improved only moderately during the past decades. Currently, early diagnosis remains the mainstay for improving treatment outcomes in this patient population. Unfortunately, screening methods to allow early detection of HNC are not yet established. Therefore, many cases are still diagnosed at advanced stage, compromising outcomes. Exhaled breath analysis (EBA) is a diagnostic tool that has been recently introduced for many cancers. Breath analysis is non-invasive, cost-effective, time-saving, and can potentially be applied for cancer screening. Here, we provide a summary of the accumulated evidence on the feasibility of EBA in the diagnosis of HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti A Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alhadi Almangush
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Misurata, Misurata, Libya
| | - Omar Youssef
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Metsälä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Silén
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iain J Nixon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Missak Haigentz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Morristown Medical Center/Atlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-University of Oviedo, ISPA, IUOPA, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vincent Vander Poorten
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Oncology, Section of Head and Neck Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy
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24
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Abstract
Abstract
Precision oncology aims to tailor clinical decisions specifically to patients with the objective of improving treatment outcomes. This can be achieved by leveraging omics information for accurate molecular characterization of tumors. Tumor tissue biopsies are currently the main source of information for molecular profiling. However, biopsies are invasive and limited in resolving spatiotemporal heterogeneity in tumor tissues. Alternative non-invasive liquid biopsies can exploit patient’s body fluids to access multiple layers of tumor-specific biological information (genomes, epigenomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, metabolomes, circulating tumor cells, and exosomes). Analysis and integration of these large and diverse datasets using statistical and machine learning approaches can yield important insights into tumor biology and lead to discovery of new diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers. Translation of these new diagnostic tools into standard clinical practice could transform oncology, as demonstrated by a number of liquid biopsy assays already entering clinical use. In this review, we highlight successes and challenges facing the rapidly evolving field of cancer biomarker research.
Lay Summary
Precision oncology aims to tailor clinical decisions specifically to patients with the objective of improving treatment outcomes. The discovery of biomarkers for precision oncology has been accelerated by high-throughput experimental and computational methods, which can inform fine-grained characterization of tumors for clinical decision-making. Moreover, advances in the liquid biopsy field allow non-invasive sampling of patient’s body fluids with the aim of analyzing circulating biomarkers, obviating the need for invasive tumor tissue biopsies. In this review, we highlight successes and challenges facing the rapidly evolving field of liquid biopsy cancer biomarker research.
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