1
|
Sahragard A, Carrasco-Correa EJ, Cocovi-Solberg DJ, Kubáň P, Miró M. Enhancing the Concentration Capability of Nonsupported Electrically Driven Liquid-Phase Microextraction through Programmable Flow Using an All-In-One 3D-Printed Optosensor: A Proof of Concept. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38917332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
A versatile millifluidic 3D-printed inverted Y-shaped unit (3D-YSU) was prototyped to ameliorate the concentration capability of nonsupported microelectromembrane extraction (μ-EME), exploiting optosensing detection for real-time monitoring of the enriched acceptor phase (AP). Continuous forward-flow and stop-and-go flow modes of the donor phase (DP) were implemented via an automatic programmable-flow system to disrupt the electrical double layer generated at the DP/organic phase (OP) interface while replenishing the potentially depleted layers of analyte in DP. To further improve the enrichment factor (EF), the organic holding section of the OP/AP channel was bifurcated to increase the interfacial contact area between the DP and the OP. Exploiting the synergistic assets of (i) the continuous forward-flow of DP (1050 μL), (ii) the unique 3D-printed cone-shaped pentagon cross-sectional geometry of the OP/AP channel, (iii) the bifurcation of the OP that creates an inverted Y-shape configuration, and (iv) the in situ optosensing of the AP, a ca. 24 EF was obtained for a 20 min extraction using methylene blue (MB) as a model analyte. The 3D-YSU was leveraged for the unsupervised μ-EME and the determination of MB in textile dye and urban wastewater samples, with relative recoveries ≥88%. This is the first work toward analyte preconcentration in μ-EME with in situ optosensing of the resulting extracts using 3D-printed millifluidic platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sahragard
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Enrique Javier Carrasco-Correa
- CLECEM Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - David J Cocovi-Solberg
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dowlatshah S, Rye TK, Hansen FA, Halvorsen TG, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Parallel electromembrane extraction of peptides with monoterpene and medium-length fatty acid deep eutectic solvents. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1297:342360. [PMID: 38438237 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electromembrane extraction (EME) involves the process of mass transfer of charged analytes from an aqueous sample through an organic liquid membrane into an aqueous acceptor medium under the influence of an electrical field. Successful solvation of the analyte within the liquid membrane is of paramount importance and involves molecular interactions with the liquid membrane. In this comprehensive investigation, parallel EME was examined using a training set of 13 model peptides employing deep eutectic solvents as the liquid membrane. These deep eutectic solvents were formulated by mixing specific monoterpenes (thymol, menthol, camphor) with medium-chain fatty acids (1-octanoic acid and 1-decanoic acid). RESULTS From an array of different liquid membrane compositions explored, it was revealed that the combination of camphor and 1-decanoic acid (in a 1:1 w/w ratio) with 2% di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (DEHP) delivered the most efficient extraction system. The solvation of the model peptides within this liquid membrane predominantly relied on ionic interactions between protonated basic functionalities and DEHP, along with hydrogen bond interactions between the deprotonated acid functionalities (hydrogen bond acceptor) and 1-decanoic acid (hydrogen bond donor). Selectivity was modulated by the pH of the sample and acceptor solutions, with a direct correlation to the polarity and net charge of the model peptides. The ionization of 1-decanoic acid in the interfacial region between the sample and liquid membrane emerged as an important factor influencing the selectivity. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY Although parallel EME of peptides has been reported previously, the current liquid membrane provides an extraction system with sufficient stability for the first time. Selective extraction of peptides through EME holds substantial promise within the realm of next-generation environmentally-friendly sample preparation methodologies. The findings presented in this paper contribute significantly to our fundamental understanding of these processes, and may serve as an important reference for the development of future methods in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Dowlatshah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torstein Kige Rye
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frederik André Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schüller M, Hansen FA, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Extraction performance of electromembrane extraction and liquid-phase microextraction in prototype equipment. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464440. [PMID: 37832461 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In this comparative study, the performance of liquid-phase microextraction and electromembrane extraction in prototype equipment was evaluated for extraction of ninety basic substances from plasma. Using a commercial EME device based on conductive vials enabled a standardized and comprehensive comparison between the two methods. Extractions were performed from a pH-adjusted donor solution, across an organic liquid membrane immobilized in a porous polypropylene membrane, and into an acidic acceptor solution. In LPME, dodecyl acetate was used as the extraction solvent, while 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether was used for EME with an electric field applied across the system. To assess the extraction performance, extraction recovery plots and extraction time curves were constructed and analyzed. These plots provided insights into the efficiency and effectiveness of LPME and EME, allowing users to make better decisions about the most suitable method for a specific bioanalytical application. Both LPME and EME were effective for substances with 2.0 < log P < 4.0, with EME showing faster extraction kinetics. Small (200 µL) and large vials (600 µL) were compared, showing that smaller vials improved kinetics markedly in both techniques. Carrier-mediated extraction showed improved performance for analytes with log P < 2 in EME, however, with some limitations due to system instability. This is, to our knowledge, the first time LPME was performed in the commercial vial-based equipment. An evaluation of vial-based LPME investigating linearity, precision, accuracy, and matrix effects showed promising results. These findings contribute to a general understanding of the performance differences in vial-based LPME and EME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schüller
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Frederik André Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Merib J. High-throughput platforms for microextraction techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-022-04504-7. [PMID: 36598538 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The proposal of high-throughput platforms in microextraction-based approaches is important to offer sustainable and efficient tools in analytical chemistry. Particularly, automated configurations exhibit enormous potential because they provide accurate and precise results in addition to less analyst intervention. Recently, significant achievements have been obtained in proposing affordable platforms for microextraction techniques capable of being integrated with different analytical instrumentations. Considering the evolution of these approaches, this article describes innovative high-throughput platforms that have recently been proposed for the analysis of varied matrices, with special attention to laboratory-made devices. Additionally, some challenges, opportunities, and trends regarding these experimental workflows are pointed out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josias Merib
- Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sahragard A, Dvořák M, J. Carrasco-Correa E, Varanasupakul P, Kubáň P, Miró M. Programmable Millifluidic Platform Integrating Automatic Electromembrane Extraction Cleanup and In-Line Electrochemical Detection: A Proof of Concept. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3161-3168. [PMID: 36200176 PMCID: PMC9623577 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A fully automatic millifluidic sensing platform coupling in-line nonsupported microelectromembrane extraction (μ-EME) with electrochemical detection (ECD) is herein proposed for the first time. Exploiting the features of the second generation of flow analysis, termed sequential injection (SI), the smart integration of SI and μ-EME-ECD enables (i) the repeatable formation of microvolumes of phases for the extraction step in a membrane-less (nonsupported) arrangement, (ii) diverting the acceptor plug to the ECD sensing device, (iii) in-line pH adjustment before the detection step, and (iv) washing of the platform for efficient removal of remnants of wetting film solvent, all entirely unsupervised. The real-life applicability of the miniaturized sensing system is studied for in-line sample cleanup and ECD of diclofenac as a model analyte after μ-EME of urine as a complex biological sample. A comprehensive study of the merits and the limitations of μ-EME solvents on ECD is presented. Under the optimal experimental conditions using 14 μL of unprocessed urine as the donor, 14 μL of 1-nonanol as the organic phase, and 14 μL of 25 mM NaOH as the acceptor in a 2.4 mm ID PTFE tubing, an extraction voltage of 250 V, and an extraction time of 10 min, an absolute (mass) extraction recovery of 48% of diclofenac in urine is obtained. The proposed flow-through system is proven to efficiently remove the interfering effect of predominantly occurring organic species in human urine on ECD with RSD% less than 8.6%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sahragard
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok10330, Thailand
| | - Miloš Dvořák
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, BrnoCZ-60200, Czech Republic
| | - Enrique J. Carrasco-Correa
- CLECEM
group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, Burjassot, Valencia46100, Spain
| | - Pakorn Varanasupakul
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok10330, Thailand
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, BrnoCZ-60200, Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE
Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Illes BalearsE-07122, Spain,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Manousi N, Kabir A, Furton KG, Anthemidis AN. Dual Lab-in-Syringe Flow-Batch Platform for Automatic Fabric Disk Sorptive Extraction/Back-extraction as a Front End to Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12943-12947. [PMID: 36098462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel dual lab-in-syringe flow-batch (D-LIS-FB) platform for automatic fabric-disk-in-syringe sorptive extraction followed by oxidative back-extraction as a front end to inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) is presented for the first time. Sol-gel poly(caprolactone)-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-poly(caprolactone)-coated polyester fabric disks were packed at the top of the glass barrel of a microsyringe pump as an alternative to column preconcentration. Herein lie multiple significant advantages including effectiveness, compactness, lower back-pressure, and lower time of analysis. Copper, lead, and cadmium were used as model analytes for the exploration of the capabilities of the developed platform. The online retained metal-diethyldithiophosphate complexes were eluted using diisopropyl ketone prior to atomization. Undesirable incompatibility of organic solvents for direct injection into the ICP-AES system was overcome ingeniously in a flow manner by oxidative back-extraction of the analytes utilizing a second lab-in-syringe setup. Following its optimization, the D-LIS-FB platform showed excellent linearity, in combination with good method precision (i.e., RSD < 3.4%) and trueness. Moreover, the limits of detection were 0.25 μg L-1 for Cd(II), 0.13 μg L-1 for Cu(II), and 0.37 μg L-1 for Pb(II), confirming the applicability of the proposed system for metal analysis at trace levels. As a proof-of-concept, the developed versatile system was utilized for the analysis of different environmental, food, and biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33131, United States
| | - Kenneth G Furton
- International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33131, United States
| | - Aristidis N Anthemidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shang Q, Liu H, Mei H, Huang C, Shen X. Multi-extraction system with identical supported semi-liquid membrane: Enhanced stability for coextraction of acidic and basic drugs. Talanta 2022; 246:123485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
8
|
Sahragard A, Varanusupakul P, Miró M. Interfacing liquid-phase microextraction with electrochemical detection: A critical review. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
9
|
Shang Q, Mei H, Huang C, Shen X. Fundamentals, operations and applications of electromembrane extraction: An overview of reviews. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
10
|
Liu X, Pu J, Li J, Gong B. Preparation and performance analysis of monodisperse glycidyl methacrylate modified restricted access media-imprinted materials. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:976-983. [PMID: 34933417 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Using monodisperse poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) as the matrix, and pefloxacin template molecules, a novel restricted-access medium molecularly imprinted polymers with Bovine serum albumin crosslinked on its surface was prepared through reversible addition fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization. Then, the obtained material was employed in dispersive solid-phase extraction to analyze the fluoroquinolones in untreated egg samples by HPLC-UV detection. Adsorption performance revealed a good binding amount (40.72 mg/g), fast binding kinetics (25 min), satisfactory selectivity and good ability to eliminate matrix interference. The Reusability experiments indicated the materials has good reusable performance after repeated. Under the optimised conditions, restricted access media-molecularly imprinted polymers-dispersive solid phase extraction was combined with HPLC-UV to enrich fluoroquinolones in untreated eggs, good limit of detection (1.31-3.15 μg/L) and high recovery (89.5%-96.8%) were obtained. The results showed that the prepared restricted-access material is promising for direct detection of antibiotics in complex samples. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, PR China
| | - Junli Pu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, PR China
| | - Jianming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, PR China
| | - Bolin Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shang Q, Mei H, Feng X, Huang C, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Shen X. Ultrasound-assisted electromembrane extraction with supported semi-liquid membrane. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1184:339038. [PMID: 34625271 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Electromembrane extraction (EME), involving the migration of charged analytes across a supported liquid membrane (SLM) with an external power supply, is a promising sample preparation method in analytical chemistry. However, the presence of boundary double layers at the SLM/solution interfaces often restricts extraction efficiency. To avoid this, the current work proposed an ultrasound-assisted EME (UA-EME) method based on a novel type of supported semi-liquid membrane (SsLM). The characterizations showed that the SsLM was stable under ultrasound conditions. Ultrasound was found to reduce the boundary double layers and thus increase the mass transfer. Major operational parameters in UA-EME including ultrasound power density, temperature, applied voltage and extraction time were optimized with haloperidol, fluoxetine, and sertraline as model analytes. Under the optimal conditions, extraction recoveries of model analytes in water samples were in the range of 66.8%-91.6%. When this UA-EME method was coupled with LC-MS/MS for detection of the target analytes in human urine samples, the linear range of the analytical method was 10-1000 ng mL-1, with R2 > 0.997 for all analytes. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were in the range of 1.7-2.1 ng mL-1 and 5.7-6.7 ng mL-1, respectively. The UA-EME expands the application field of ultrasound chemistry and will be very important in development of stable and fast sample preparation systems in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hang Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xinrui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chuixiu Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiantao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road #13, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wan L, Gao H, Gao H, Du R, Wang F, Wang Y, Chen M. Selective extraction and determination of steroidal glycoalkaloids in potato tissues by electromembrane extraction combined with LC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2021; 367:130724. [PMID: 34352691 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, electromembrane extraction (EME) combined LC-MS/MS was applied to extract and determine α-solanine and α-chaconine in different potato tissues using NPOE containing 20% (v/v) DEHP as supported liquid membrane (SLM). Under the optimal conditions, the proposed EME-LC-MS/MS method was evaluated using spiked fresh potato peel sample. The linear range for α-solanine and α-chaconine was 5-1000 ng mL-1 (R2 > 0.9991), with LOD and LOQ of 1.2-1.5 ng mL-1 and 4.1-5.2 ng mL-1, respectively. Repeatability for α-solanine and α-chaconine at three concentration levels was satisfactory (<4.9%), and recoveries ranged from 73% to 106%. Finally, the EME-LC-MS/MS method has been successfully employed to determine α-solanine and α-chaconine in sprouted potato peel and tuber samples, indicating that EME exhibited high selectivity and efficient sample clean-up capability. Consequently, EME showed great potential for extraction and purification of toxic and bioactive basic compounds from complex plant tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libin Wan
- Institute of Business Scientific, Henan Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road #87, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, PR China.
| | - Haidong Gao
- Institute of Business Scientific, Henan Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road #87, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, PR China
| | - Huoliang Gao
- Institute of Business Scientific, Henan Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road #87, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, PR China
| | - Rui Du
- Institute of Business Scientific, Henan Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road #87, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, PR China
| | - Fayun Wang
- Institute of Business Scientific, Henan Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road #87, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Business Scientific, Henan Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road #87, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, PR China
| | - Mantang Chen
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arabi M, Ostovan A, Bagheri AR, Guo X, Wang L, Li J, Wang X, Li B, Chen L. Strategies of molecular imprinting-based solid-phase extraction prior to chromatographic analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
14
|
Impact of ion balance in electromembrane extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1124:129-136. [PMID: 32534665 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Electromembrane extraction (EME) involves transfer of analyte ions from aqueous sample, through a supported liquid membrane (SLM), and into an aqueous acceptor solution under the influence of an external electrical field. In addition to target analyte ions, the sample also contains matrix ions, and both the sample and acceptor contains background buffer ions to control pH. The ratio between the total amount of ions in sample and acceptor defines the ion balance (χ). Previous publications have discussed the impact of ion balance, but conclusions are contradictory. Therefore, the current paper investigated the ion balance in more detail. From a theoretical point of view, low χ-values favor EME; buffer anions at high concentration in the acceptor migrate into the SLM, while target cations enters the SLM from the sample to maintain electroneutrality. A large number of experiments was performed in this paper to investigate the practical impact of ion balance. Twelve basic drugs were used as model analytes (0.0 < log P < 5.0), and 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) and NPOE + 5% di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (DEHP) were used as SLM. With formate buffer pH 3.75 as sample and acceptor, the impact of χ in the range 0.01-10 was studied without bias from differences in pH. Here model analytes were unaffected by ion balance. Buffers containing propionic, butyric, and valeric acid were also tested. These buffer ions migrated more into the SLM, and affected recoveries in several cases. However, this was due to ion pairing rather than effects of ion balance. Similar behaviors from sodium chloride and urine samples were observed with different χ-values. Thus, in the systems tested, almost no impact of ion balance was found, and this was attributed to very low partition of background buffer and matrix ions into the SLM. On the other hand, extractions were in several cases influenced by ion pairing phenomena.
Collapse
|
15
|
Carrasco-Correa EJ, Cocovi-Solberg DJ, Herrero-Martínez JM, Simó-Alfonso EF, Miró M. 3D printed fluidic platform with in-situ covalently immobilized polymer monolithic column for automatic solid-phase extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1111:40-48. [PMID: 32312395 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 3D stereolithographic printing is proposed for the first time for the fabrication of fluidic devices aimed at in-situ covalent immobilization of polymer monolithic columns. Integration in advanced flow injection systems capitalized upon programmable flow was realized for fully automatic solid-phase extraction (SPE) and clean-up procedures as a 'front-end' to on-line liquid chromatography. The as-fabricated 3D-printed extraction column devices were designed to tolerate the pressure drop of forward-flow fluidic systems when handling large sample volumes as demonstrated by the determination of anti-microbial agents, plastic additives and monomers as models of emerging contaminants (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, methylparaben, phenylparaben, bisphenol A and triclosan). Decoration of the monolithic phase with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was proven most appropriate for the enrichment of phenolic-type target compounds. In particular, the absolute recoveries for the tested analytes ranged from 73 to 92% both in water and saliva samples. The 3D printed composite monolith showed remarkable analytical features in terms of loading capacity (2 mg g-1), breakthrough volume (10 mL), satisfactory batch-to-batch reproducibility (<9% RSD), and easy on-line coupling of the SPE device to HPLC systems. The fully automatic 3D-printed SPE-HPLC hyphenated system was also exploited for the on-line extraction, matrix clean-up and determination of triclosan in 200 μL of real saliva samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Javier Carrasco-Correa
- University of Valencia, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot Valencia, Spain.
| | - David J Cocovi-Solberg
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, Km 7.5, E 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - José Manuel Herrero-Martínez
- University of Valencia, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot Valencia, Spain
| | - Ernesto Francisco Simó-Alfonso
- University of Valencia, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, Km 7.5, E 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nuchtavorn N, Dvořák M, Kubáň P. Paper-based molecularly imprinted-interpenetrating polymer network for on-spot collection and microextraction of dried blood spots for capillary electrophoresis determination of carbamazepine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:2721-2730. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02523-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|