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Barman P, Chakraborty A, Akimov DA, Singh AK, Meyer-Zedler T, Wu X, Ronning C, Schmitt M, Popp J, Huang JS. Nonlinear Optical Signal Generation Mediated by a Plasmonic Azimuthally Chirped Grating. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9914-9919. [PMID: 36480926 PMCID: PMC9801425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic gratings are simple and effective platforms for nonlinear signal generation since they provide a well-defined momentum for photon-plasmon coupling and local hot spots for frequency conversion. Here, a plasmonic azimuthally chirped grating (ACG), which provides spatially resolved broadband momentum for photon-plasmon coupling, was exploited to investigate the plasmonic enhancement effect in two nonlinear optical processes, namely two-photon photoluminescence (TPPL) and second harmonic generation (SHG). The spatial distributions of the nonlinear signals were determined experimentally by hyperspectral mapping with ultrashort pulsed excitation. The experimental spatial distributions of nonlinear signals agree very well with the analytical prediction based on photon-plasmon coupling with the momentum of the ACG, revealing the "antenna" function of the grating in plasmonic nonlinear signal generation. This work highlights the importance of the antenna effect of the gratings for nonlinear signal generation and provides insight into the enhancement mechanism of plasmonic gratings in addition to local hot spot engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Barman
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Abhik Chakraborty
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Denis A. Akimov
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Meyer-Zedler
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Xiaofei Wu
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Ronning
- Institut
für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena, Max-Wien-Platz
1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jer-Shing Huang
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Research
Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department
of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao
Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Zhou L, Zhang N, Hsu CC, Singer M, Zeng X, Li Y, Song H, Jornet J, Wu Y, Gan Q. Super-Resolution Displacement Spectroscopic Sensing over a Surface "Rainbow". ENGINEERING (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 17:75-81. [PMID: 38149108 PMCID: PMC10751035 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Subwavelength manipulation of light waves with high precision can enable new and exciting applications in spectroscopy, sensing, and medical imaging. For these applications, miniaturized spectrometers are desirable to enable the on-chip analysis of spectral information. In particular, for imaging-based spectroscopic sensing mechanisms, the key challenge is to determine the spatial-shift information accurately (i.e., the spatial displacement introduced by wavelength shift or biological or chemical surface binding), which is similar to the challenge presented by super-resolution imaging. Here, we report a unique "rainbow" trapping metasurface for on-chip spectrometers and sensors. Combined with super-resolution image processing, the low-setting 4× optical microscope system resolves a displacement of the resonant position within 35 nm on the plasmonic rainbow trapping metasurface with a tiny area as small as 0.002 mm2. This unique feature of the spatial manipulation of efficiently coupled rainbow plasmonic resonances reveals a new platform for miniaturized on-chip spectroscopic analysis with a spectral resolution of 0.032 nm in wavelength shift. Using this low-setting 4× microscope imaging system, we demonstrate a biosensing resolution of 1.92 × 109 exosomes per milliliter for A549-derived exosomes and distinguish between patient samples and healthy controls using exosomal epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression values, thereby demonstrating a new on-chip sensing system for personalized accurate bio/chemical sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyu Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Chang Chieh Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Matthew Singer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Xie Zeng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Yizheng Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Haomin Song
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Josep Jornet
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Qiaoqiang Gan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Material Science Engineering Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Ouyang L, Meyer-Zedler T, See KM, Chen WL, Lin FC, Akimov D, Ehtesabi S, Richter M, Schmitt M, Chang YM, Gräfe S, Popp J, Huang JS. Spatially Resolving the Enhancement Effect in Surface-Enhanced Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering by Plasmonic Doppler Gratings. ACS NANO 2021; 15:809-818. [PMID: 33356140 PMCID: PMC7944573 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Well-designed plasmonic nanostructures can mediate far and near optical fields and thereby enhance light-matter interactions. To obtain the best overall enhancement, structural parameters need to be carefully tuned to obtain the largest enhancement at the input and output frequencies. This is, however, challenging for nonlinear light-matter interactions involving multiple frequencies because obtaining the full picture of structure-dependent enhancement at individual frequencies is not easy. In this work, we introduce the platform of plasmonic Doppler grating (PDG) to experimentally investigate the enhancement effect of plasmonic gratings in the input and output beams of nonlinear surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (SECARS). PDGs are designable azimuthally chirped gratings that provide broadband and spatially dispersed plasmonic enhancement. Therefore, they offer the opportunity to observe and compare the overall enhancement from different combinations of enhancement in individual input and output beams. We first confirm PDG's capability of spatially separating the input and output enhancement in linear surface-enhanced fluorescence and Raman scattering. We then investigate spatially resolved enhancement in nonlinear SECARS, where coherent interaction of the pump, Stokes, and anti-Stokes beams is enhanced by the plasmonic gratings. By mapping the SECARS signal and analyzing the azimuthal angle-dependent intensity, we characterize the enhancement at individual frequencies. Together with theoretical analysis, we show that while simultaneous enhancement in the input and output beams is important for SECARS, the enhancement in the pump and anti-Stokes beams plays a more critical role in the overall enhancement than that in the Stokes beam. This work provides an insight into the enhancement mechanism of plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy, which is important for the design and optimization of plasmonic gratings. The PDG platform may also be applied to study enhancement mechanisms in other nonlinear light-matter interactions or the impact of plasmonic gratings on the fluorescence lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ouyang
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong
University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tobias Meyer-Zedler
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kel-Meng See
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Center
for Condensed Matter Sciences, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Cheng Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Denis Akimov
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sadaf Ehtesabi
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Richter
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Yu-Ming Chang
- Center
for Condensed Matter Sciences, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jer-Shing Huang
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Research
Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department
of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Zhang L, Farhat M, Salama KN. Spectrometer-Free Graphene Plasmonics Based Refractive Index Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E2347. [PMID: 32326060 PMCID: PMC7219258 DOI: 10.3390/s20082347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a spectrometer-free refractive index sensor based on a graphene plasmonic structure. The spectrometer-free feature of the device is realized thanks to the dynamic tunability of graphene's chemical potential, through electrostatic biasing. The proposed sensor exhibits a 1566 nm/RIU sensitivity, a 250.6 RIU-1 figure of merit in the optical mode of operation and a 713.2 meV/RIU sensitivity, a 246.8 RIU-1 figure of merit in the electrical mode of operation. This performance outlines the optimized operation of this spectrometer-free sensor that simplifies its design and can bring terahertz sensing one step closer to its practical realization, with promising applications in biosensing and/or gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.); (K.N.S.)
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