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Farhat M, Kamel S, Elseify MA, Abdelaziz AY. A modified white shark optimizer for optimal power flow considering uncertainty of renewable energy sources. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3051. [PMID: 38321089 PMCID: PMC10847516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach to solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem by utilizing a modified white shark optimization (MWSO) algorithm. The MWSO algorithm incorporates the Gaussian barebones (GB) and quasi-oppositional-based learning (QOBL) strategies to improve the convergence rate and accuracy of the original WSO algorithm. To address the uncertainty associated with renewable energy sources, the IEEE 30 bus system, which consists of 30 buses, 6 thermal generators, and 41 branches, is modified by replacing three thermal generators with two wind generators and one solar PV generator. And the IEEE 57-bus system, which consists of 57 buses, 7 thermal generators, and 80 branches, is also modified by the same concept. The variability of wind and solar generation is described using the Weibull and lognormal distributions, and its impact on the OPF problem is considered by incorporating reserve and penalty costs for overestimation and underestimation of power output. The paper also takes into account the unpredictability of power consumption (load demand) by analyzing its influence using standard probability density functions (PDF). Furthermore, practical conditions related to the thermal generators, such as ramp rate limits are examined. The MWSO algorithm is evaluated and analyzed using 23 standard benchmark functions, and a comparative study is conducted against six well-known techniques using various statistical parameters. The results and statistical analysis demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of the MWSO algorithm compared to the original WSO algorithm for addressing the OPF problem in the presence of generation and demand uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Farhat
- Electrical Power and Machines Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11517, Egypt
| | - Salah Kamel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, 81542, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Elseify
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Qena, 83513, Egypt
| | - Almoataz Y Abdelaziz
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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Yang M, Ye Z, Ren Y, Farhat M, Chen PY. Materials, Designs, and Implementations of Wearable Antennas and Circuits for Biomedical Applications: A Review. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 15:26. [PMID: 38258145 PMCID: PMC10819388 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The intersection of biomedicine and radio frequency (RF) engineering has fundamentally transformed self-health monitoring by leveraging soft and wearable electronic devices. This paradigm shift presents a critical challenge, requiring these devices and systems to possess exceptional flexibility, biocompatibility, and functionality. To meet these requirements, traditional electronic systems, such as sensors and antennas made from rigid and bulky materials, must be adapted through material science and schematic design. Notably, in recent years, extensive research efforts have focused on this field, and this review article will concentrate on recent advancements. We will explore the traditional/emerging materials for highly flexible and electrically efficient wearable electronics, followed by systematic designs for improved functionality and performance. Additionally, we will briefly overview several remarkable applications of wearable electronics in biomedical sensing. Finally, we provide an outlook on potential future directions in this developing area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minye Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Spin Quantum Sensor Chips, Universities of Shaanxi Province, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (Z.Y.); (Y.R.); (P.-Y.C.)
| | - Zhilu Ye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (Z.Y.); (Y.R.); (P.-Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi’an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yichong Ren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (Z.Y.); (Y.R.); (P.-Y.C.)
| | - Mohamed Farhat
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Pai-Yen Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (Z.Y.); (Y.R.); (P.-Y.C.)
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Yang M, Ye Z, Pan H, Farhat M, Cetin AE, Chen PY. Electromagnetically unclonable functions generated by non-Hermitian absorber-emitter. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg7481. [PMID: 37682993 PMCID: PMC10491217 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) are a class of hardware-specific security primitives based on secret keys extracted from integrated circuits, which can protect important information against cyberattacks and reverse engineering. Here, we put forward an emerging type of PUF in the electromagnetic domain by virtue of the self-dual absorber-emitter singularity that uniquely exists in the non-Hermitian parity-time (PT)-symmetric structures. At this self-dual singular point, the reconfigurable emissive and absorptive properties with order-of-magnitude differences in scattered power can respond sensitively to admittance or phase perturbations caused by, for example, manufacturing imperfectness. Consequently, the entropy sourced from inevitable manufacturing variations can be amplified, yielding excellent PUF security metrics in terms of randomness and uniqueness. We show that this electromagnetic PUF can be robust against machine learning-assisted attacks based on the Fourier regression and generative adversarial network. Moreover, the proposed PUF concept is wavelength-scalable in radio frequency, terahertz, infrared, and optical systems, paving a promising avenue toward applications of cryptography and encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minye Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Zhilu Ye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Hongyi Pan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Mohamed Farhat
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmet Enis Cetin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Pai-Yen Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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Myers B, Carney T, Rooney J, Malatesta S, Ragan EJ, White LF, Natcheva H, Bouton TC, Weber SE, Farhat M, McIlleron H, Theron D, Parry CDH, Horsburgh CR, Warren RM, Jacobson KR. Smoked drug use in patients with TB is associated with higher bacterial burden. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:444-450. [PMID: 37231597 PMCID: PMC10407961 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Smoking of illicit drugs may lead to more rapid TB disease progression or late treatment presentation, yet research on this topic is scant. We examined the association between smoked drug use and bacterial burden among patients newly initiated on drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB) therapy.METHODS: Data from 303 participants initiating DS-TB treatment in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, were analyzed. Smoked drug use was defined as self-reported or biologically verified methamphetamine, methaqualone and/or cannabis use. Proportional hazard and logistic regression models (adjusted for age, sex, HIV status and tobacco use) examined associations between smoked drug use and mycobacterial time to culture positivity (TTP), acid-fast bacilli sputum smear positivity and lung cavitation.RESULTS: People who smoked drugs (PWSD) comprised 54.8% (n = 166) of the cohort. TTP was faster for PWSD (hazard ratio 1.48, 95% CI 1.10-1.97; P = 0.008). Smear positivity was higher among PWSD (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.22-4.34; P = 0.011). Smoked drug use (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.62-1.87; P = 0.799) was not associated with increased cavitation.CONCLUSIONS: PWSD had a higher bacterial burden at diagnosis than those who do not smoke drugs. Screening for TB among PWSD in the community may facilitate earlier linkage to TB treatment and reduce community transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Myers
- Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia, Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T Carney
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Rooney
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Malatesta
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, MA, USA
| | - E J Ragan
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L F White
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, MA, USA
| | - H Natcheva
- Department of Radiology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T C Bouton
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S E Weber
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Farhat
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H McIlleron
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D Theron
- Western Cape Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - C D H Parry
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C R Horsburgh
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R M Warren
- Department of Science and Technology, National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South Africa Medical Research Council for Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - K R Jacobson
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Sache A, Reymond P, Brina O, Jung B, Farhat M, Vargas MI. Near-wall hemodynamic parameters quantification in in vitro intracranial aneurysms with 7 T PC-MRI. MAGMA 2023; 36:295-308. [PMID: 37072539 PMCID: PMC10140017 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-023-01082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wall shear stress (WSS) and its derived spatiotemporal parameters have proven to play a major role on intracranial aneurysms (IAs) growth and rupture. This study aims to demonstrate how ultra-high field (UHF) 7 T phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) coupled with advanced image acceleration techniques allows a highly resolved visualization of near-wall hemodynamic parameters patterns in in vitro IAs, paving the way for more robust risk assessment of their growth and rupture. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed pulsatile flow measurements inside three in vitro models of patient-specific IAs using 7 T PC-MRI. To this end, we built an MRI-compatible test bench, which faithfully reproduced a typical physiological intracranial flow rate in the models. RESULTS The ultra-high field 7 T images revealed WSS patterns with high spatiotemporal resolution. Interestingly, the high oscillatory shear index values were found in the core of low WSS vortical structures and in flow stream intersecting regions. In contrast, maxima of WSS occurred around the impinging jet sites. CONCLUSIONS We showed that the elevated signal-to-noise ratio arising from 7 T PC-MRI enabled to resolve high and low WSS patterns with a high degree of detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Sache
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Division of Neuroradiology, Geneva University Hospital, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Brina
- Division of Neuroradiology, Geneva University Hospital, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Jung
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Farhat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Isabel Vargas
- Division of Neuroradiology, Geneva University Hospital, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Farhat M, Kamel S, Atallah AM, Abdelaziz AY, Tostado-Véliz M. Developing a strategy based on weighted mean of vectors (INFO) optimizer for optimal power flow considering uncertainty of renewable energy generation. Neural Comput Appl 2023; 35:13955-13981. [PMID: 37234073 PMCID: PMC10024033 DOI: 10.1007/s00521-023-08427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, more efforts have been exerted to increase the level of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the energy mix in many countries to mitigate the dangerous effects of greenhouse gases emissions. However, because of their stochastic nature, most RESs pose some operational and planning challenges to power systems. One of these challenges is the complexity of solving the optimal power flow (OPF) problem in existing RESs. This study proposes an OPF model that has three different sources of renewable energy: wind, solar, and combined solar and small-hydro sources in addition to the conventional thermal power. Three probability density functions (PDF), namely lognormal, Weibull, and Gumbel, are employed to determine available solar, wind, and small-hydro output powers, respectively. Many meta-heuristic optimization algorithms have been applied for solving OPF problem in the presence of RESs. In this work, a new meta-heuristic algorithm, weighted mean of vectors (INFO), is employed for solving the OPF problem in two adjusted standard IEEE power systems (30 and 57 buses). It is simulated by MATLAB software in different theoretical and practical cases to test its validity in solving the OPF problem of the adjusted power systems. The results of the applied simulation cases in this work show that INFO has better performance results in minimizing total generation cost and reducing convergence time among other algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Farhat
- Electrical Power and Machines Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11517 Egypt
| | - Salah Kamel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, 81542 Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Atallah
- Electrical Power and Machines Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11517 Egypt
| | - Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, 11835 Egypt
| | - Marcos Tostado-Véliz
- Electrical Engineering Department, EPS, University of Jaen, 23700 Linares, Spain
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Yang M, Ye Z, Ren Y, Farhat M, Chen PY. Recent Advances in Nanomaterials Used for Wearable Electronics. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:603. [PMID: 36985010 PMCID: PMC10053072 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, thriving Internet of Things (IoT) technology has had a profound impact on people's lifestyles through extensive information interaction between humans and intelligent devices. One promising application of IoT is the continuous, real-time monitoring and analysis of body or environmental information by devices worn on or implanted inside the body. This research area, commonly referred to as wearable electronics or wearables, represents a new and rapidly expanding interdisciplinary field. Wearable electronics are devices with specific electronic functions that must be flexible and stretchable. Various novel materials have been proposed in recent years to meet the technical challenges posed by this field, which exhibit significant potential for use in different wearable applications. This article reviews recent progress in the development of emerging nanomaterial-based wearable electronics, with a specific focus on their flexible substrates, conductors, and transducers. Additionally, we discuss the current state-of-the-art applications of nanomaterial-based wearable electronics and provide an outlook on future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minye Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Zhilu Ye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yichong Ren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Mohamed Farhat
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pai-Yen Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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Yang M, Ye Z, Alsaab N, Farhat M, Chen PY. In-Vitro Demonstration of Ultra-Reliable, Wireless and Batteryless Implanted Intracranial Sensors Operated on Loci of Exceptional Points. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 2022; 16:287-295. [PMID: 35380967 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2022.3164697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vital signal monitoring, such as pulse, respiration rate, intra-organ and intra-vascular pressure, can provide important information for determination of clinic diagnosis, treatments, and surgical protocols. Nowadays, micromachined bioimplants, equipped with antennas for converting bio-signals to modulated radio transmissions, may allow remote continuous monitoring of patients' vital signs. Yet, current passive biotelemetry techniques usually suffer from poor signal reproducibility and robustness in light of inevitable misalignment between transmitting and receiving antennas. Here, we seek to address this long-existing challenge and to robustly acquire information from a passive wireless intracranial pressure (or brain pressure) sensor by introducing a novel, high-performance biotelemetry system. In spite of variable inductive links, this biotelemetry system may have absolute accuracy by leveraging the uniqueness of loci of exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian radio-frequency (RF) electronic systems with parity-time (PT) symmetry. Our in-vitro experimental demonstration shows that the proposed intracranial (ICP) monitoring system can provide a sub-mmHg resolution in the ICP range of 0-20 mmHg and ultra-robust wireless data acquisition against the misalignment-induced weakening of inductive link. Our results could provide a practical pathway toward reliable, real-time wireless monitoring of ICP, and other vital signals generated by bio-implants and wearables.
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Holman R, Lorton O, Guillemin PC, Desgranges S, Santini F, Preso DB, Farhat M, Contino-Pépin C, Salomir R. Perfluorocarbon emulsion enhances MR-ARFI displacement and temperature in vitro: Evaluating the response with MRI, NMR, and hydrophone. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1025481. [PMID: 36713528 PMCID: PMC9880467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1025481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonosensitive perfluorocarbon F8TAC18-PFOB emulsion is under development to enhance heating, increase thermal contrast, and reduce treatment times during focused ultrasound tumor ablation of highly perfused tissue. The emulsion previously showed enhanced heating during ex vivo and in vitro studies. Experiments were designed to observe the response in additional scenarios by varying focused ultrasound conditions, emulsion concentrations, and surfactants. Most notably, changes in acoustic absorption were assessed with MR-ARFI. Phantoms were developed to have thermal, elastic, and relaxometry properties similar to those of ex vivo pig tissue. The phantoms were embedded with varying amounts of F8TAC18-PFOB emulsion or lecithin-PFOB emulsion, between about 0.0-0.3% v:w, in 0.05% v:w increments. MR-ARFI measurements were performed using a FLASH-ARFI-MRT sequence to obtain simultaneous displacement and temperature measurements. A Fabry-Perot hydrophone was utilized to observe the acoustic emissions. Susceptibility-weighted imaging and relaxometry mapping were performed to observe concentration-dependent effects. 19F diffusion-ordered spectroscopy NMR was used to measure the diffusion coefficient of perfluorocarbon droplets in a water emulsion. Increased displacement and temperature were observed with higher emulsion concentration. In semi-rigid MR-ARFI phantoms, a linear response was observed with low-duty cycle MR-ARFI sonications and a mono-exponential saturating response was observed with sustained sonications. The emulsifiers did not have a significant effect on acoustic absorption in semi-rigid gels. Stable cavitation might also contribute to enhanced heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Holman
- Image Guided Interventions Laboratory (GR-949), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Orane Lorton
- Image Guided Interventions Laboratory (GR-949), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pauline C Guillemin
- Image Guided Interventions Laboratory (GR-949), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Desgranges
- Avignon Université, Equipe Systèmes Amphiphiles bioactifs et Formulations Eco-compatibles, Unité Propre de Recherche et d'Innovation (UPRI), Avignon, France
| | - Francesco Santini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Davide Bernardo Preso
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Farhat
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Contino-Pépin
- Avignon Université, Equipe Systèmes Amphiphiles bioactifs et Formulations Eco-compatibles, Unité Propre de Recherche et d'Innovation (UPRI), Avignon, France
| | - Rares Salomir
- Image Guided Interventions Laboratory (GR-949), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Radiology Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Taaffe J, Croda J, Moultrie H, Silva DS, Rosenthal A, Farhat M. Advancing TB research using digitized programmatic data. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:890-895. [PMID: 34686230 PMCID: PMC8544923 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of real-world data from national TB care programs has great potential to answer key research questions in TB control and is now opportune due to increasing digital data collection and storage. We summarize an expert stakeholder workshop conducted on this topic in October 2019, with perspectives from academics, national TB program officers, and data managers. We discuss challenges and opportunities in the use of TB programmatic data for research and describe digital data availability in two large, high TB burden countries, Brazil and South Africa. From this, we posit that with a standardized data collection set, improved data management, and greater collaboration, more TB programmatic data can be used for research with measurable public health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Taaffe
- Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Croda
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, NJ, USA, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - H Moultrie
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - D S Silva
- Sydney Health Ethics, University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Rosenthal
- Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Farhat
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Amin M, Siddiqui O, Abutarboush H, Farhat M, Ramzan R. A THz graphene metasurface for polarization selective virus sensing. Carbon N Y 2021; 176:580-591. [PMID: 33612849 PMCID: PMC7881294 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel method to exploit chirality of highly sensitive graphene plasmonic metasurfaces to characterize complex refractive indexes (RI) of viruses by detecting the polarization state of the reflected electric fields in the THz spectrum. A dispersive graphene metasurface is designed to produce chiral surface currents to couple linearly polarized incident fields to circularly polarized reflected fields. The metasurface sensing sensitivity is the result of surface plasmon currents that flow in a chiral fashion with strong intensity due to the underlying geometrical resonance. Consequently, unique polarization states are observed in the far-field with the ellipticity values that change rapidly with the analyte's RI. The determination of bimolecular RI is treated as an inverse problem in which the polarization states of the virus is compared with a pre-calculated calibration model that is obtained by full-wave electromagnetic simulations. We demonstrate the polarization selective sensing method by RI discrimination of three different types of Avian Influenza (AI) viruses including H1N1, H5N2, and H9N2 is possible. Since the proposed virus characterization method only requires determination of the polarization ellipses including its orientation at monochromatic frequency, the required instrumentation is simpler compared to traditional spectroscopic methods which need a broadband frequency scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amin
- College of Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - O Siddiqui
- College of Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Abutarboush
- College of Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Farhat
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Ramzan
- National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Sauvat L, Rosburger M, Mulliez A, Robin F, Farhat M, Clerfond G, Vidal M. Analyse des pratiques de la réunion de consultation multidisciplinaire « endocardite infectieuse ». Med Mal Infect 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang R, Farhat M, Na J, Li R, Wu Y. Bacterial and fungal microbiome characterization in patients with rosacea and healthy controls. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:1112-1114. [PMID: 32533846 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Dermatoses, Beijing, China.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Farhat
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Na
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Dermatoses, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - R Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Dermatoses, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Dermatoses, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Beijing, China
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14
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Cataldi C, Andronache M, Eschalier R, Jean F, Bosle R, Farhat M, Massoullie G. P957Characteristics of atrial tachycardia after mitral surgey via biatrial trans-septal approach using high density mapping system. Europace 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa162.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The biatrial trans-septal approach (BTSa) ameliorates mitral valve (MV) exposure in difficult cases when routine left atriotomy doesnt"t allow it. Main steps are an oblique incision on the right atrium (RA), reaching medially the right pulmonary veins (PV), a septal incision from the fossa ovalis, extended up to reach the first incision, then on the left atrium (LA).
Purpose
We aim to study the arrhythmic burden in this post-surgical context, focusing on atrial tachycardia (AT), to investigate the complexity of several possible circuits.
Methods
All patients (>18yo) with previous MV surgery via BTSa for MV repair or replacement, who underwent ablation of AT from January 2017 to September 2019, were enrolled. Patients ablated for persistent or paroxysmal AF, or with AF during the index procedure were excluded. Patients with associated surgery on other valves or congenital defects, coronary, surgical or percutaneous rhythm interventions weren’t excluded. Electroanatomical mapping was created using 2 different high-density mapping system. Substrate and activation map and radio-frequency (RF) ablation (25-50W, Ablation Index target 400) were realized. Cartographies were analysed to evaluate AT re-entry circuit, critical isthmus (CI) location and characterization, atrial vulnerability. Procedural outcomes (AT termination, sinus rhythm (SR) restoration, anti-arrhythmic drugs (AAD) withdrawal), and peri-procedural complications were also evaluated.
Results
We enrolled 49 patients (median age 57 ± 15), finding a maximum of 5 AT per procedure (2 ± 1). A total of 112 AT were mapped: the majority (72%) were persistent AT, 8,2% common atrial flutter. Cycle length was 314 ± 74 msec, with proximal-distal activation of coronary sinus (78%). A multiple re-entry circuit was observed in 70% of index AT. We identified 152 critical isthmus (maximum 5 per procedure). Only 27,9% of our patients had a single CI; CTI was the most frequent one (n = 37), envolved in 33% of all AT, while BTS scars altogether were envolved in 65% AT. A complete AT circuit was mapped in the RA, the LA and both atria in respectively 49%, 11,5% and 39%AT. The distribution of CIs is shown in figure 1. Biatrial and left AT leads to superior procedure, RF and fluoroscopy duration (p <0,05). SR was restored in 93,4%of patients, requiring a DC shock in 4 cases. Immediate AAD withdrawal was achieved after 41%procedures. No pericardial, oesophageal, vascular or phrenic complication occurred. 4 pace-maker implantations were realized because of 3 interatrial, 2 AV block and a sinus node dysfunction.
Conclusions
AT occurring after a BTSa have a high prevalence of multiple re-entry circuits with multiple critical isthmus. Ablation in this context is feasible and safe but often requires a left atrial access. Mapping of both atria should be considered to identify critical isthmus and tailored ablation strategy.
Abstract Figure 1. Critical Isthmus Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cataldi
- University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M Andronache
- University Hospital Gabriel Montpied, Cardiology, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - R Eschalier
- University Hospital Gabriel Montpied, Cardiology, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Jean
- University Hospital Gabriel Montpied, Cardiology, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - R Bosle
- University Hospital Gabriel Montpied, Cardiology, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Farhat
- University Hospital Gabriel Montpied, Cardiology, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G Massoullie
- University Hospital Gabriel Montpied, Cardiology, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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15
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Zhang L, Farhat M, Salama KN. Spectrometer-Free Graphene Plasmonics Based Refractive Index Sensor. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E2347. [PMID: 32326060 PMCID: PMC7219258 DOI: 10.3390/s20082347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a spectrometer-free refractive index sensor based on a graphene plasmonic structure. The spectrometer-free feature of the device is realized thanks to the dynamic tunability of graphene's chemical potential, through electrostatic biasing. The proposed sensor exhibits a 1566 nm/RIU sensitivity, a 250.6 RIU-1 figure of merit in the optical mode of operation and a 713.2 meV/RIU sensitivity, a 246.8 RIU-1 figure of merit in the electrical mode of operation. This performance outlines the optimized operation of this spectrometer-free sensor that simplifies its design and can bring terahertz sensing one step closer to its practical realization, with promising applications in biosensing and/or gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.); (K.N.S.)
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16
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Farhat M, Guenneau S, Puvirajesinghe T, Alharbi FH. Frequency domain transformation optics for diffusive photon density waves' cloaking. Opt Express 2018; 26:24792-24803. [PMID: 30469591 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.024792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We make use of transformation optics technique to realize cloaking operation in the light diffusive regime, for spherical objects. The cloak requires spatially heterogeneous anisotropic diffusivity, as well as spatially varying speed of light and absorption. Analytic calculations of Photon's fluence confirm minor role of absorption in reduction of far-field scattering, and a monopole fluence field converging to a constant in the static regime in the invisibility region. The latter is in contrast to acoustic and electromagnetic cloaks, for which the field vanishes inside the core. These results are finally discussed in the context of mass diffusion, where cloaking can be achieved with a heterogeneous anisotropic diffusivity.
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17
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Bouillot P, Brina O, Delattre BMA, Ouared R, Pellaton A, Yilmaz H, Machi P, Lovblad KO, Farhat M, Pereira VM, Vargas MI. Neurovascular stent artifacts in 3D-TOF and 3D-PCMRI: Influence of stent design on flow measurement. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:560-572. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bouillot
- Departement of Neuroradiology; Geneva University Hospitals; Geneva Switzerland
- Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines (LMH); École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Olivier Brina
- Departement of Neuroradiology; Geneva University Hospitals; Geneva Switzerland
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging; Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | - Rafik Ouared
- Departement of Neuroradiology; Geneva University Hospitals; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Alain Pellaton
- Departement of Neuroradiology; Geneva University Hospitals; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Hasan Yilmaz
- Departement of Neuroradiology; Geneva University Hospitals; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Paolo Machi
- Departement of Neuroradiology; Geneva University Hospitals; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Karl-Olof Lovblad
- Departement of Neuroradiology; Geneva University Hospitals; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Farhat
- Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines (LMH); École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Vitor Mendes Pereira
- Departement of Neuroradiology; Geneva University Hospitals; Geneva Switzerland
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging; Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery; Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Maria Isabel Vargas
- Departement of Neuroradiology; Geneva University Hospitals; Geneva Switzerland
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18
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Andre E, Isaacs C, Affolabi D, Alagna R, Brockmann D, de Jong BC, Cambau E, Churchyard G, Cohen T, Delmee M, Delvenne JC, Farhat M, Habib A, Holme P, Keshavjee S, Khan A, Lightfoot P, Moore D, Moreno Y, Mundade Y, Pai M, Patel S, Nyaruhirira AU, Rocha LEC, Takle J, Trébucq A, Creswell J, Boehme C. Connectivity of diagnostic technologies: improving surveillance and accelerating tuberculosis elimination. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2018; 20:999-1003. [PMID: 27393530 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.16.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In regard to tuberculosis (TB) and other major global epidemics, the use of new diagnostic tests is increasing dramatically, including in resource-limited countries. Although there has never been as much digital information generated, this data source has not been exploited to its full potential. In this opinion paper, we discuss lessons learned from the global scale-up of these laboratory devices and the pathway to tapping the potential of laboratory-generated information in the field of TB by using connectivity. Responding to the demand for connectivity, innovative third-party players have proposed solutions that have been widely adopted by field users of the Xpert(®) MTB/RIF assay. The experience associated with the utilisation of these systems, which facilitate the monitoring of wide laboratory networks, stressed the need for a more global and comprehensive approach to diagnostic connectivity. In addition to facilitating the reporting of test results, the mobility of digital information allows the sharing of information generated in programme settings. When they become easily accessible, these data can be used to improve patient care, disease surveillance and drug discovery. They should therefore be considered as a public health good. We list several examples of concrete initiatives that should allow data sources to be combined to improve the understanding of the epidemic, support the operational response and, finally, accelerate TB elimination. With the many opportunities that the pooling of data associated with the TB epidemic can provide, pooling of this information at an international level has become an absolute priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Andre
- Pôle de Microbiologie Médicale, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Microbiologie, Département de Biologie Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Mycobacterial Infections (ESGMYC), ESCMID, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Isaacs
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Affolabi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Abomey-Calavi University, Cotonou, National Tuberculosis Programme, Cotonou, Benin
| | - R Alagna
- TB Supranational Reference Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - D Brockmann
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Epidemiological Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - B C de Jong
- Unit of Mycobacteriology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium
| | - E Cambau
- European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Mycobacterial Infections (ESGMYC), ESCMID, Basel, Switzerland; Université Paris Diderot, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité mixte de recherche 1137, Infection, Antimicrobiens, Modélisation, Evolution, Paris, Bactériologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | | | - T Cohen
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - M Delmee
- Pôle de Microbiologie Médicale, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Microbiologie, Département de Biologie Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J-C Delvenne
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, Centre for Operations Research and Econometrics, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | - M Farhat
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Habib
- Interactive Health Solutions, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - P Holme
- Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Keshavjee
- Harvard Medical School Center for Global Health Delivery, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Khan
- Interactive Research and Development, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - P Lightfoot
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Moore
- TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Y Moreno
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - M Pai
- McGill International TB Centre & McGill Global Health Programs, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Patel
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - L E C Rocha
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - J Takle
- Global Connectivity LLC, Somerville, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Trébucq
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, France
| | - J Creswell
- Stop TB Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Boehme
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
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19
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AL-mutairi A, AL-dhahri S, Mesallam T, Farhat M, Islam T, AL-maflehi N, AL-qahtani K. Effect of thyroidectomy with totally preserved recurrent laryngeal nerve on the objective vocal functions. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2018; 12:25-28. [PMID: 29896068 PMCID: PMC5969779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of thyroidectomy with totally preserved recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) on the objective vocal functions. METHODOLOGY It is a prospective pilot study of 10 patients undergoing thyroid surgery on whom to study the effect of thyroidectomy with totally preserved RLN on the objective vocal functions. Patient history and demographic data were collected at the time of admission and in each period of assessment average fundamental frequency; absolute jitter, shimmer, and others were measured. Furthermore, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) repeated measurements statistical technique was used to test the difference among the 3 time period of measurements and P < 0.05 was considered significant (α = 0.05). RESULTS The mean age was 39.5 ± 3.31 years. There were two males and eight females. Total thyroidectomy was performed on eight patients while one had left hemithyroidectomy and one completion thyroidectomy. Histopathology revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma in 50%. 34 acoustic voice analysis parameters were measured using the multidimensional voice program, which showed no significant differences at the end of 1st and 3rd month post-operative as compared to the pre-operative measurements. There was no significant difference in measurement for each factor over the time (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS All the acoustic analysis parameters for 10 patients showed no significant differences in 1st and 3rd month postoperatively as compared to the pre-operative values. However, due to small sample size, our study may have failed to detect any significant difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakeem AL-mutairi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, AL Qassim University, AL Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Abdulhakeem AL-mutairi, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, AL Qassim University, AL Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | - Saleh AL-dhahri
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamer Mesallam
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Farhat
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahera Islam
- College of Medicine and Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nassr AL-maflehi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid AL-qahtani
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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20
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Farhat M, Kais S, Alharbi FH. Effect of Time-Delayed Feedback on the Interaction of a Dimer System with its Environment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15468. [PMID: 29133789 PMCID: PMC5684406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report modeling of non-Markovian open quantum systems, consisting of an excitonic dimer that displays memory effect due to time delayed interaction with its environment. We, indeed investigate the effect of these time delays on quantum coherence and excitation dynamical behavior in the time domain generally considered for photosynthetic experiments (few hundred femtoseconds). In particular, we show that the coherence is maintained for periods proportional to time delays. Additionally, if delay is taken into account, coupling to the environment can be tuned to lower values, unlike in previous studies. This kind of intriguing effect can, therefore, when generalized to complete systems, permit more control on the experimental parameters, which may lead to more accurate description of the photosynthetic energy transfer functioning and subsequent applications in artificial photovoltaic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farhat
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - S Kais
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - F H Alharbi
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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21
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Agambayev A, Patole SP, Farhat M, Elwakil A, Bagci H, Salama KN. Cover Feature: Ferroelectric Fractional-Order Capacitors (ChemElectroChem 11/2017). ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201701044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agamyrat Agambayev
- Computer, Electrical & Mathematical Science, and Engineering Division (CEMSE); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shashikant P. Patole
- Computer, Electrical & Mathematical Science, and Engineering Division (CEMSE); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Farhat
- Computer, Electrical & Mathematical Science, and Engineering Division (CEMSE); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Elwakil
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Sharjah; P.O. 27272 United Arab Emirates
| | - Hakan Bagci
- Computer, Electrical & Mathematical Science, and Engineering Division (CEMSE); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled N. Salama
- Computer, Electrical & Mathematical Science, and Engineering Division (CEMSE); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
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22
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Abstract
Solar-cells based on Schottky junctions between metals and semiconductors (without or with an intermediate insulator) are among the main possibilities towards economical photovoltaic conversion of the solar energy. This is mainly due to their structural simplicity and hence the ease of their realization. We propose here a new kind of light-harvesting devices using plasmonic nano-antenna gratings, that enhance the absorption of light over a broadband spectrum, and permit the reduction of thickness of the cell dramatically, with efficiency around 15% for 3 micrometers ultra-thin Silicon cell. We show that this technique may provide a new avenue in low cost fabrication of thin-film solar-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farhat
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - S Kais
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - F H Alharbi
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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23
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Supponen O, Obreschkow D, Kobel P, Farhat M. Luminescence from cavitation bubbles deformed in uniform pressure gradients. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:033114. [PMID: 29347011 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.033114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Presented here are observations that demonstrate how the deformation of millimetric cavitation bubbles by a uniform pressure gradient quenches single-collapse luminescence. Our innovative measurement system captures a broad luminescence spectrum (wavelength range, 300-900 nm) from the individual collapses of laser-induced bubbles in water. By varying the bubble size, driving pressure, and perceived gravity level aboard parabolic flights, we probed the limit from aspherical to highly spherical bubble collapses. Luminescence was detected for bubbles of maximum radii within the previously uncovered range, R_{0}=1.5-6 mm, for laser-induced bubbles. The relative luminescence energy was found to rapidly decrease as a function of the bubble asymmetry quantified by the anisotropy parameter ζ, which is the dimensionless equivalent of the Kelvin impulse. As established previously, ζ also dictates the characteristic parameters of bubble-driven microjets. The threshold of ζ beyond which no luminescence is observed in our experiment closely coincides with the threshold where the microjets visibly pierce the bubble and drive a vapor jet during the rebound. The individual fitted blackbody temperatures range between T_{lum}=7000 and T_{lum}=11500 K but do not show any clear trend as a function of ζ. Time-resolved measurements using a high-speed photodetector disclose multiple luminescence events at each bubble collapse. The averaged full width at half-maximum of the pulse is found to scale with R_{0} and to range between 10 and 20 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Supponen
- Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Avenue de Cour 33 Bis, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Danail Obreschkow
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, University of Western Australia, M468 7 Fairway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Philippe Kobel
- Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Avenue de Cour 33 Bis, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Farhat
- Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Avenue de Cour 33 Bis, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Agamyrat Agambayev
- Computer, Electrical & Mathematical Science, and Engineering Division (CEMSE); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shashikant P. Patole
- Computer, Electrical & Mathematical Science, and Engineering Division (CEMSE); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Farhat
- Computer, Electrical & Mathematical Science, and Engineering Division (CEMSE); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Elwakil
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Sharjah; P.O. 27272 United Arab Emirates
| | - Hakan Bagci
- Computer, Electrical & Mathematical Science, and Engineering Division (CEMSE); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled N. Salama
- Computer, Electrical & Mathematical Science, and Engineering Division (CEMSE); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
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25
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Bouillot P, Delattre BMA, Brina O, Ouared R, Farhat M, Chnafa C, Steinman DA, Lovblad KO, Pereira VM, Vargas MI. 3D phase contrast MRI: Partial volume correction for robust blood flow quantification in small intracranial vessels. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:129-140. [PMID: 28244132 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent advances in 3D-PCMRI (phase contrast MRI) sequences allow for measuring the complex hemodynamics in cerebral arteries. However, the small size of these vessels vs spatial resolution can lead to non-negligible partial volume artifacts, which must be taken into account when computing blood flow rates. For this purpose, we combined the velocity information provided by 3D-PCMRI with vessel geometry measured with 3DTOF (time of flight MRI) or 3DRA (3D rotational angiography) to correct the partial volume effects in flow rate assessments. METHODS The proposed methodology was first tested in vitro on cylindrical and patient specific vessels subject to fully controlled pulsatile flows. Both 2D- and 3D-PCMRI measurements using various spatial resolutions ranging from 20 to 1.3 voxels per vessel diameter were analyzed and compared with flowmeter baseline. Second, 3DTOF, 2D- and 3D-PCMRI measurements were performed in vivo on 35 patients harboring internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms indicated for endovascular treatments requiring 3DRA imaging. RESULTS The in vitro 2D- and 3D-PCMRI mean flow rates assessed with partial volume correction showed very low sensitivity to the acquisition resolution above ≈2 voxels per vessel diameter while uncorrected flow rates deviated critically when decreasing the spatial resolution. 3D-PCMRI flow rates measured in vivo in ICA agreed very well with 2D-PCMRI data and a good flow conservation was observed at the C7 bifurcation. Globally, partial volume correction led to 10-15% lower flow rates than uncorrected values as those reported in most of the published studies on intracranial flows. CONCLUSION Partial volume correction may improve the accuracy of PCMRI flow rate measurements especially in small vessels such as intracranial arteries. Magn Reson Med 79:129-140, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bouillot
- Division of Neuroradiology, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines (LMH), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bénédicte M A Delattre
- Division of Radiology, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Brina
- Division of Neuroradiology, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rafik Ouared
- Division of Neuroradiology, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Farhat
- Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines (LMH), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Chnafa
- Biomedical Simulation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David A Steinman
- Biomedical Simulation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Karl-Olof Lovblad
- Division of Neuroradiology, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vitor M Pereira
- Division of Neuroradiology, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maria I Vargas
- Division of Neuroradiology, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
A new cloaking mechanism, which makes enclosed objects invisible to diffusive photon density waves, is proposed. First, diffusive scattering from a basic core-shell geometry, which represents the cloaked structure, is studied. The conditions of scattering cancellation in a quasi-static scattering regime are derived. These allow for tailoring the diffusivity constant of the shell enclosing the object so that the fields scattered from the shell and the object cancel each other. This means that the photon flow outside the cloak behaves as if the cloaked object were not present. Diffusive light invisibility may have potential applications in hiding hot spots in infrared thermography or tissue imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farhat
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - P Y Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Wayne State University , Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - S Guenneau
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille , Institut Fresnel, Campus universitaire de Saint-Jérôme , 13013 Marseille, France
| | - H Bağcı
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - K N Salama
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alù
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Bouillot P, Brina O, Yilmaz H, Farhat M, Erceg G, Lovblad KO, Vargas MI, Kulcsar Z, Pereira VM. Virtual-versus-Real Implantation of Flow Diverters: Clinical Potential and Influence of Vascular Geometry. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:2079-2086. [PMID: 27365325 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intracranial stents have become extremely important in the endovascular management of complex intracranial aneurysms. Sizing and landing zone predictions are still very challenging steps in the procedure. Virtual stent deployment may help therapeutic planning, device choice, and hemodynamic simulations. We aimed to assess the predictability of our recently developed virtual deployment model by comparing in vivo and virtual stents implanted in a consecutive series of patients presenting with intracranial aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Virtual stents were implanted in patient-specific geometries of intracranial aneurysms treated with the Pipeline Embolization Device. The length and cross-section of virtual and real stents measured with conebeam CT were compared. The influence of vessel geometry modifications occurring during the intervention was analyzed. RESULTS The virtual deployment based on pre- and poststent implantation 3D rotational angiography overestimated (underestimated) the device length by 13% ± 11% (-9% ± 5%). These differences were highly correlated (R2 = 0.67) with the virtual-versus-real stent radius differences of -6% ± 7% (5% ± 4%) for predictions based on pre- and poststent implantation 3D rotational angiography. These mismatches were due principally to implantation concerns and vessel-shape modifications. CONCLUSIONS The recently proposed geometric model was shown to predict accurately the deployment of Pipeline Embolization Devices when the stent radius was well-assessed. However, unpredictable delivery manipulations and variations of vessel geometry occurring during the intervention might impact the stent implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bouillot
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (P.B., O.B., H.Y., G.E., K.-O.L., M.I.V., Z.K.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines (P.B., M.F.), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Brina
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (P.B., O.B., H.Y., G.E., K.-O.L., M.I.V., Z.K.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H Yilmaz
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (P.B., O.B., H.Y., G.E., K.-O.L., M.I.V., Z.K.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Farhat
- Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines (P.B., M.F.), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Erceg
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (P.B., O.B., H.Y., G.E., K.-O.L., M.I.V., Z.K.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K-O Lovblad
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (P.B., O.B., H.Y., G.E., K.-O.L., M.I.V., Z.K.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M I Vargas
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (P.B., O.B., H.Y., G.E., K.-O.L., M.I.V., Z.K.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Z Kulcsar
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (P.B., O.B., H.Y., G.E., K.-O.L., M.I.V., Z.K.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V M Pereira
- Division of Neuroradiology (V.M.P.), Department of Medical Imaging .,Division of Neurosurgery (V.M.P.), Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Farhat M, Cheng TC, Le KQ, Cheng MMC, Bağcı H, Chen PY. Mirror-backed Dark Alumina: A Nearly Perfect Absorber for Thermoelectronics and Thermophotovotaics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19984. [PMID: 26817710 PMCID: PMC4730200 DOI: 10.1038/srep19984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here a broadband, wide-angle, and polarization-independent nearly perfect absorber consisting of mirror-backed nanoporous alumina. By electrochemically anodizing the disordered multicomponent aluminum and properly tailoring the thickness and air-filling fraction of nanoporous alumina, according to the Maxwell-Garnet mixture theory, a large-area dark alumina can be made with excellent photothermal properties and absorption larger than 93% over a wide wavelength range spanning from near-infrared to ultraviolet light, i.e. 250 nm–2500 nm. The measured absorption is orders of magnitude greater than other reported anodized porous alumina, typically semi-transparent at similar wavelengths. This simple yet effective approach, however, does not require any lithography, nano-mixture deposition, pre- and post-treatment. Here, we also envisage and theoretically investigate the practical use of proposed absorbers and/or photothermal converters in integrated thermoelectronic and/or thermophotovoltaic energy conversion devices, which make efficient use of the entire spectrum of ambient visible to near-infrared radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Farhat
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-69100, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tsung-Chieh Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Science (KUAS), Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Khai Q Le
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - Mark Ming-Cheng Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Hakan Bağcı
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-69100, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pai-Yen Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Farhat M, Cheng MMC, Le KQ, Chen PY. Nanoantenna harmonic sensor: theoretical analysis of contactless detection of molecules with light. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:415201. [PMID: 26403614 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/41/415201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear harmonic sensor is a popular wireless sensor and radiofrequency identification (RFID) technique, which allows high-performance sensing in a severe interference/clutter background by transmitting a radio wave and detecting its modulated higher-order harmonics. Here we introduce the concept and design of optical harmonic tags based on nonlinear nanoantennas that can contactlessly detect electronic (e.g. electron affinity) and optical (e.g. relative permittivity) characteristics of molecules. By using a dual-resonance gold-molecule-silver nanodipole antenna within the quantum mechanical realm, the spectral form of the second-harmonic scattering can sensitively reveal the physical properties of molecules, paving a new route towards optical molecular sensors and optical identification (OPID) of biological, genetic, and medical events for the 'Internet of Nano-Things'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Farhat
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Xu J, Jiang X, Fang N, Georget E, Abdeddaim R, Geffrin JM, Farhat M, Sabouroux P, Enoch S, Guenneau S. Molding acoustic, electromagnetic and water waves with a single cloak. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10678. [PMID: 26057934 PMCID: PMC4460817 DOI: 10.1038/srep10678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe two experiments demonstrating that a cylindrical cloak formerly introduced for linear surface liquid waves works equally well for sound and electromagnetic waves. This structured cloak behaves like an acoustic cloak with an effective anisotropic density and an electromagnetic cloak with an effective anisotropic permittivity, respectively. Measured forward scattering for pressure and magnetic fields are in good agreement and provide first evidence of broadband cloaking. Microwave experiments and 3D electromagnetic wave simulations further confirm reduced forward and backscattering when a rectangular metallic obstacle is surrounded by the structured cloak for cloaking frequencies between 2.6 and 7.0 GHz. This suggests, as supported by 2D finite element simulations, sound waves are cloaked between 3 and 8 KHz and linear surface liquid waves between 5 and 16 Hz. Moreover, microwave experiments show the field is reduced by 10 to 30 dB inside the invisibility region, which suggests the multi-wave cloak could be used as a protection against water, sonic or microwaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
| | - Nicholas Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
| | - Elodie Georget
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille- Institut Fresnel, Campus universitaire de Saint-Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Redha Abdeddaim
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille- Institut Fresnel, Campus universitaire de Saint-Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Michel Geffrin
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille- Institut Fresnel, Campus universitaire de Saint-Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Farhat
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre Sabouroux
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille- Institut Fresnel, Campus universitaire de Saint-Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Stefan Enoch
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille- Institut Fresnel, Campus universitaire de Saint-Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Guenneau
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille- Institut Fresnel, Campus universitaire de Saint-Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France
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Bouillot P, Brina O, Ouared R, Lovblad KO, Farhat M, Mendes Pereira V. Hemodynamic transition driven by stent porosity in sidewall aneurysms. J Biomech 2015; 48:1300-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
We propose a compact, wideband terahertz and infrared absorber, comprising a patterned graphene sheet on a thin metal-backed dielectric slab. This graphene-based nanostructure can achieve a low or negative effective permeability, necessary for realizing the perfect absorption. The dual-reactive property found in both the plasmonic graphene sheet and the grounded high-permittivity slab introduces extra poles into the equivalent circuit model of the system, thereby resulting in a dual-band or broadband magnetic resonance that enhances the absorption bandwidth. More interestingly, the two-dimensional patterned graphene sheet significantly simplifies the design and fabrication processes for achieving resonant magnetic response, and allows the frequency-reconfigurable operation via electrostatic gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Yen Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Gandji W, Azarnoush K, Mulliez A, Innorta A, Farhat M, Combaret N, Durel N, Souteyrand G, Lusson JR, Camilleri L. [Impact of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in the treatment of aortic valve disease after previous coronary artery bypass]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2015; 65:7-14. [PMID: 25641084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with a history of coronary artery bypass and aortic valve disease constitute a high-risk group for conventional redo surgery. The transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) may be an alternative for high-risk patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of TAVI in the treatment of aortic valve disease after previous surgical coronary artery revascularization. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a single-center retrospective, observational study, including 87 patients undergoing surgery for surgical heart valve replacement or TAVI from January 2007 to December 2013. RESULTS The introduction of transcatheter aortic valve implantation techniques has doubled the number of redo patients treated for aortic valve disease. From 2010 to 2013, the patients treated by conventional surgery diminished by 30%, with improved postoperative outcomes. This study allowed us to notice differences in patient's in terms of operative risk factors. For the same reasons no comparison was possible between 2 subgroup of patients. Hospital mortality was 6.4% for conventional aortic surgery and 20% for transcatheter aortic valve treatment. CONCLUSION Surgery remains the standard treatment for aortic valve disease even in redo patients, but TAVI becomes a very interesting tool as it may represent a tailored approach for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gandji
- Pôle cardiologie médicale et chirurgicale, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, place H.-Dunant, B.P. 69, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - K Azarnoush
- Pôle cardiologie médicale et chirurgicale, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, place H.-Dunant, B.P. 69, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Inra, UMR 1019 nutrition humaine, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - A Mulliez
- Bio-statistics unit, délégation recherche clinique & innovation. CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, place H.-Dunant, B.P. 69, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Innorta
- Pôle cardiologie médicale et chirurgicale, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, place H.-Dunant, B.P. 69, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Farhat
- Pôle cardiologie médicale et chirurgicale, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, place H.-Dunant, B.P. 69, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - N Combaret
- Pôle cardiologie médicale et chirurgicale, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, place H.-Dunant, B.P. 69, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - N Durel
- Service de cardiologie, pôle santé république, 105, avenue de la République, 63050 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G Souteyrand
- Pôle cardiologie médicale et chirurgicale, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, place H.-Dunant, B.P. 69, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J R Lusson
- Pôle cardiologie médicale et chirurgicale, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, place H.-Dunant, B.P. 69, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Camilleri
- Pôle cardiologie médicale et chirurgicale, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, place H.-Dunant, B.P. 69, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Bouillot P, Brina O, Ouared R, Yilmaz H, Lovblad KO, Farhat M, Mendes Pereira V. Computational fluid dynamics with stents: quantitative comparison with particle image velocimetry for three commercial off the shelf intracranial stents. J Neurointerv Surg 2015; 8:309-15. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and purposeValidation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in stented intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is still lacking, to reliably predict prone to occlusion hemodynamics, probing, in particular, velocity reduction, and flow pattern changes. This study compares CFD outcome with particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) for three commercial off the shelf (COTS) stents of different material densities.Material and methodsThe recently developed uniform and high precision multi-time lag PIV method was applied to a sidewall aneurysm before and after implantation of three COTS stents with high, intermediate, and low material densities. The measured laser sheet flow patterns and velocity reductions were compared with CFD results and correlated with stent material density.ResultsVelocity reduction was in good agreement for unstented high and low porosity stented IA, while flow pattern change was fully matched for unstented and high porosity stented IA. Poor CFD–PIV matching in IA was found for intermediate porosity stents.ConclusionsCFD reproduced fully PIV measurements in unstented and high porosity stented IAs. With low porosity stents, CFD reproduced velocity reduction and high velocities close to the neck, while a marked mismatch on sluggish flow was found at the dome. CFD was unable to match PIV with intermediate porosity stents for which hemodynamic transition occurred.
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Farhat M, Poissonnier A, Hamze A, Ouk-Martin C, Brion JD, Alami M, Feuillard J, Jayat-Vignoles C. Reversion of apoptotic resistance of TP53-mutated Burkitt lymphoma B-cells to spindle poisons by exogenous activation of JNK and p38 MAP kinases. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1201. [PMID: 24787013 PMCID: PMC4047855 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Defects in apoptosis are frequently the cause of cancer emergence, as well as cellular resistance to chemotherapy. These phenotypes may be due to mutations of the tumor suppressor TP53 gene. In this study, we examined the effect of various mitotic spindle poisons, including the new isocombretastatin derivative isoNH2CA-4 (a tubulin-destabilizing molecule, considered to bind to the colchicine site by analogy with combretastatin A-4), on BL (Burkitt lymphoma) cells. We found that resistance to spindle poison-induced apoptosis could be reverted in tumor protein p53 (TP53)-mutated cells by EBV (Epstein Barr virus) infection. This reversion was due to restoration of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, as assessed by relocation of the pro-apoptotic molecule Bax to mitochondria, loss of mitochondrial integrity and activation of the caspase cascade with PARP (poly ADP ribose polymerase) cleavage. EBV sensitized TP53-mutated BL cells to all spindle poisons tested, including vincristine and taxol, an effect that was systematically downmodulated by pretreatment of cells with inhibitors of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases. Exogenous activation of p38 and JNK pathways by dihydrosphingosine reverted resistance of TP53-mutated BL cells to spindle poisons. Dihydrosphingosine treatment of TP53-deficient Jurkat and K562 cell lines was also able to induce cell death. We conclude that activation of p38 and JNK pathways may revert resistance of TP53-mutated cells to spindle poisons. This opens new perspectives for developing alternative therapeutic strategies when the TP53 gene is inactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farhat
- Univ Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR 7276, Laboratoire CRIBL, Limoges, France
| | - A Poissonnier
- Univ Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR 7276, Laboratoire CRIBL, Limoges, France
| | - A Hamze
- Univ Paris Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS UMR 8076, Laboratoire BioCIS, Châtenay Malabry, France
| | - C Ouk-Martin
- Univ Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR 7276, Laboratoire CRIBL, Limoges, France
| | - J-D Brion
- Univ Paris Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS UMR 8076, Laboratoire BioCIS, Châtenay Malabry, France
| | - M Alami
- Univ Paris Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS UMR 8076, Laboratoire BioCIS, Châtenay Malabry, France
| | - J Feuillard
- 1] Univ Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR 7276, Laboratoire CRIBL, Limoges, France [2] CHU Limoges, Hôpital Dupuytren, Service d'hématologie, Limoges, France
| | - C Jayat-Vignoles
- Univ Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR 7276, Laboratoire CRIBL, Limoges, France
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Farhat M, Chen PY, Bağcı H, Enoch S, Guenneau S, Alù A. Platonic scattering cancellation for bending waves in a thin plate. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4644. [PMID: 24844801 PMCID: PMC4027886 DOI: 10.1038/srep04644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an ultra-thin elastic cloak to control the scattering of bending waves in isotropic heterogeneous thin plates. The cloak design makes use of the scattering cancellation technique applied, for the first time, to the biharmonic operator describing the propagation of bending waves in thin plates. We first analyze scattering from hard and soft cylindrical objects in the quasistatic limit, then we prove that the scattering of bending waves from an object in the near and far-field regions can be suppressed significantly by covering it with a suitably designed coating. Beyond camouflaging, these findings may have potential applications in protection of buildings from earthquakes and isolating structures from vibrations in the motor vehicle industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Farhat
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - P.-Y. Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - H. Bağcı
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Enoch
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, UMR 7249, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - S. Guenneau
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, UMR 7249, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - A. Alù
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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37
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Abstract
A nonlinear plasmonic resonator design is proposed for three-state all-optical switching at frequencies including near infrared and lower red parts of the spectrum. The tri-stable response required for three-state operation is obtained by enhancing nonlinearities of a Kerr medium through multiple (higher order) plasmons excited on resonator's metallic surfaces. Indeed, simulations demonstrate that exploitation of multiple plasmons equips the proposed resonator with a multi-band tri-stable response, which cannot be obtained using existing nonlinear plasmonic devices that make use of single mode Lorentzian resonances. Multi-band three-state optical switching that can be realized using the proposed resonator has potential applications in optical communications and computing.
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38
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Farhat M, Guenneau S, Bağcı H. Exciting graphene surface plasmon polaritons through light and sound interplay. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:237404. [PMID: 24476303 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.237404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We propose a concept that allows for efficient excitation of surface plasmon spolaritons (SPPs) on a thin graphene sheet located on a substrate by an incident electromagnetic field. Elastic vibrations of the sheet, which are generated by a flexural wave, act as a grating that enables the electromagnetic field to couple to propagating graphene SPPs. This scheme permits fast on-off switching of the SPPs and dynamic tuning of their excitation frequency by adjusting the vibration frequency (grating period). Potential applications include single molecule detection and enhanced control of SPP trajectories via surface wave patterning of graphene metasurfaces. Analytical calculations and numerical experiments demonstrate the practical applicability of the proposed concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Farhat
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sébastien Guenneau
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, F-13013 Marseille, France
| | - Hakan Bağcı
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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39
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Abstract
An ultra-broadband multilayered graphene absorber operating at terahertz (THz) frequencies is proposed. The absorber design makes use of three mechanisms: (i) The graphene layers are asymmetrically patterned to support higher order surface plasmon modes that destructively interfere with the dipolar mode and generate electromagnetically induced absorption. (ii) The patterned graphene layers biased at different gate voltages backed-up with dielectric substrates are stacked on top of each other. The resulting absorber is polarization dependent but has an ultra-broadband of operation. (iii) Graphene's damping factor is increased by lowering its electron mobility to 1000 cm²/Vs. Indeed, numerical experiments demonstrate that with only three layers, bandwidth of 90% absorption can be extended upto 7THz, which is drastically larger than only few THz of bandwidth that can be achieved with existing metallic/graphene absorbers.
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40
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Abstract
We demonstrate the possibility of cloaking three-dimensional objects at multi-frequencies in the far-infrared part of the spectrum. The proposed cloaking mechanism exploits graphene layers wrapped around the object to be concealed. Graphene layers are doped via a variable external voltage difference permitting continuous tuning of the cloaking frequencies. Particularly, two configurations are investigated: (i) Only one graphene layer is used to suppress the scattering from a dielectric sphere. (ii) Several of these layers biased at different gate voltages are used to achieve a multi-frequency cloak. These frequencies can be set independently. The proposed cloak's functionality is verified by near- and far-field computations. By considering geometry and material parameters that are realizable by practical experiments, we contribute to the development of graphene based plasmonic applications that may find use in disruptive photonic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Farhat
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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41
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Filter R, Farhat M, Steglich M, Alaee R, Rockstuhl C, Lederer F. Tunable graphene antennas for selective enhancement of THz-emission. Opt Express 2013; 21:3737-3745. [PMID: 23481830 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.003737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we will introduce THz graphene antennas that strongly enhance the emission rate of quantum systems at specific frequencies. The tunability of these antennas can be used to selectively enhance individual spectral features. We will show as an example that any weak transition in the spectrum of coronene can become the dominant contribution. This selective and tunable enhancement establishes a new class of graphene-based THz devices, which will find applications in sensors, novel light sources, spectroscopy, and quantum communication devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Filter
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Solid State Optics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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42
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Mühlig S, Cunningham A, Dintinger J, Farhat M, Hasan SB, Scharf T, Bürgi T, Lederer F, Rockstuhl C. A self-assembled three-dimensional cloak in the visible. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2328. [PMID: 23921452 PMCID: PMC3736173 DOI: 10.1038/srep02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An invisibility cloak has been designed, realized and characterized. The cloak hides free-standing sub-wavelength three-dimensional objects at the short wavelength edge of the visible spectrum. By a bottom-up approach the cloak was self-assembled around the object. Such fabrication approach constitutes a further important step towards real world applications of cloaking; leaving the realm of curiosity. The cloak and the way it was fabricated opens an avenue for many spectacular nanooptical applications such as non-disturbing sensors and photo-detectors, highly efficient solar cells, or optical nanoantenna arrays with strongly suppressed cross-talk to mention only a few. Our results rely on the successful combination of concepts from various disciplines, i.e. chemistry, material science, and plasmonics. Consequently, this work will stimulate these fields by unraveling new paths for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mühlig
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Solid State Optics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Alastair Cunningham
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - José Dintinger
- Optics & Photonics Technology Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Mohamed Farhat
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Solid State Optics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955–6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakeeb Bin Hasan
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Solid State Optics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Toralf Scharf
- Optics & Photonics Technology Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Falk Lederer
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Solid State Optics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Solid State Optics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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43
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Abstract
Metamaterial-based perfect absorbers promise many applications. Perfect absorption is characterized by the complete suppression of transmission and reflection and complete dissipation of the incident energy by the absorptive meta-atoms. A certain absorption spectrum is usually assigned to a bulk medium and serves as a signature of the respective material. Here we show how to use graphene flakes as building blocks for perfect absorbers. Then, an absorbing meta-atom only consists of a molecular monolayer placed at an appropriate distance from a metallic ground plate. We show that the functionality of such device is intuitively and correctly explained by a Fabry-Perot model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Alaee
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Solid State Optics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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44
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Tinguely M, Obreschkow D, Kobel P, Dorsaz N, de Bosset A, Farhat M. Energy partition at the collapse of spherical cavitation bubbles. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2012; 86:046315. [PMID: 23214685 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.046315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Spherically collapsing cavitation bubbles produce a shock wave followed by a rebound bubble. Here we present a systematic investigation of the energy partition between the rebound and the shock. Highly spherical cavitation bubbles are produced in microgravity, which suppresses the buoyant pressure gradient that otherwise deteriorates the sphericity of the bubbles. We measure the radius of the rebound bubble and estimate the shock energy as a function of the initial bubble radius (2-5.6mm) and the liquid pressure (10-80kPa). Those measurements uncover a systematic pressure dependence of the energy partition between rebound and shock. We demonstrate that these observations agree with a physical model relying on a first-order approximation of the liquid compressibility and an adiabatic treatment of the noncondensable gas inside the bubble. Using this model we find that the energy partition between rebound and shock is dictated by a single nondimensional parameter ξ=Δpγ6/[p(g0)1/γ(ρc2)1-1/γ], where Δp=p∞ - pv is the driving pressure, p∞ is the static pressure in the liquid, pv is the vapor pressure, pg0 is the pressure of the noncondensable gas at the maximal bubble radius, γ is the adiabatic index of the noncondensable gas, ρ is the liquid density, and c is the speed of sound in the liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tinguely
- Laboratoire des Machines Hydrauliques, EPFL, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland
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45
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Abstract
Based on the scattering cancellation technique we suggest a cloak that allows to conceal macroscopic objects, i.e. objects with an optical size comparable to wavelengths in the visible and whose scattering response is dominated by a magnetic dipole contribution. The key idea in our approach is to use a shell of polaritonic spheres around the object to be cloaked. These spheres exhibit an artificial magnetism. In a systematic investigation, where we progressively increase the complexity of the considered structure, we devise the requirements imposed on the shell and outline how it can be implemented with natural available materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farhat
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Solid State Optics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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46
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Obreschkow D, Bruderer M, Farhat M. Analytical approximations for the collapse of an empty spherical bubble. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2012; 85:066303. [PMID: 23005202 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.066303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Rayleigh equation 3/2R+RR+pρ(-1)=0 with initial conditions R(0)=R(0), R(0)=0 models the collapse of an empty spherical bubble of radius R(T) in an ideal, infinite liquid with far-field pressure p and density ρ. The solution for r≡R/R(0) as a function of time t≡T/T(c), where R(T(c))≡0, is independent of R(0), p, and ρ. While no closed-form expression for r(t) is known, we find that r(0)(t)=(1-t(2))(2/5) approximates r(t) with an error below 1%. A systematic development in orders of t(2) further yields the 0.001% approximation r(*)(t)=r(0)(t)[1-a(1)Li(2.21)(t(2))], where a(1)≈-0.01832099 is a constant and Li is the polylogarithm. The usefulness of these approximations is demonstrated by comparison to high-precision cavitation data obtained in microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Obreschkow
- The University of Western Australia, ICRAR, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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47
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Smandi S, Guerfali FZ, Farhat M, Ben-Aissa K, Laouini D, Guizani-Tabbane L, Dellagi K, Benkahla A. Methodology optimizing SAGE library tag-to-gene mapping: application to Leishmania. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:74. [PMID: 22283878 PMCID: PMC3292834 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis are widespread parasitic-diseases with an urgent need for more active and less toxic drugs and for effective vaccines. Understanding the biology of the parasite especially in the context of host parasite interaction is a crucial step towards such improvements in therapy and control. Several experimental approaches including SAGE (Serial analysis of gene expression) have been developed in order to investigate the parasite transcriptome organisation and plasticity. Usual SAGE tag-to-gene mapping techniques are inadequate because almost all tags are normally located in the 3'-UTR outside the CDS, whereas most information available for Leishmania transcripts is restricted to the CDS predictions. The aim of this work is to optimize a SAGE libraries tag-to-gene mapping technique and to show how this development improves the understanding of Leishmania transcriptome. FINDINGS The in silico method implemented herein was based on mapping the tags to Leishmania genome using BLAST then mapping the tags to their gene using a data-driven probability distribution. This optimized tag-to-gene mappings improved the knowledge of Leishmania genome structure and transcription. It allowed analyzing the expression of a maximal number of Leishmania genes, the delimitation of the 3' UTR of 478 genes and the identification of biological processes that are differentially modulated during the promastigote to amastigote differentiation. CONCLUSION The developed method optimizes the assignment of SAGE tags in trypanosomatidae genomes as well as in any genome having polycistronic transcription and small intergenic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondos Smandi
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Pathologie, Vaccinologie et Génétique Moléculaire (LIVGM), WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Leishmaniasis, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 place Pasteur BP74 1002, Tunis, Tunisia.
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48
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Tissot S, Reclari M, Quinodoz S, Dreyer M, Monteil DT, Baldi L, Hacker DL, Farhat M, Discacciati M, Quarteroni A, Wurm FM. Hydrodynamic stress in orbitally shaken bioreactors. BMC Proc 2011; 5 Suppl 8:P39. [PMID: 22373127 PMCID: PMC3284983 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s8-p39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Tissot
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
| | - Martino Reclari
- Laboratory of Hydraulic Machines, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
| | - Samuel Quinodoz
- Chair of Modeling and Scientific Computing, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Dreyer
- Laboratory of Hydraulic Machines, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
| | - Dominique T Monteil
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
| | - Lucia Baldi
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
| | - David L Hacker
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
| | - Mohamed Farhat
- Laboratory of Hydraulic Machines, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
| | - Marco Discacciati
- Chair of Modeling and Scientific Computing, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alfio Quarteroni
- Chair of Modeling and Scientific Computing, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian M Wurm
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
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49
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Obreschkow D, Tinguely M, Dorsaz N, Kobel P, de Bosset A, Farhat M. Universal scaling law for jets of collapsing bubbles. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:204501. [PMID: 22181734 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.204501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cavitation bubbles collapsing and rebounding in a pressure gradient ∇p form a "microjet" enveloped by a "vapor jet." This Letter presents unprecedented observations of the vapor jets formed in a uniform gravity-induced ∇p, modulated aboard parabolic flights. The data uncover that the normalized jet volume is independent of the liquid density and viscosity and proportional to ζ ≡ |∇p|R(0)/Δp, where R(0) the maximal bubble radius and Δp is the driving pressure. A derivation inspired by "Kelvin-Blake" considerations confirms this law and reveals its negligible dependence of surface tension. We further conjecture that the jet only pierces the bubble boundary if ζ ≳ 4 × 10(-4).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Obreschkow
- Laboratoire des Machines Hydrauliques, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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50
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Tissot S, Oberbek A, Reclari M, Dreyer M, Hacker DL, Baldi L, Farhat M, Wurm FM. Efficient and reproducible mammalian cell bioprocesses without probes and controllers? N Biotechnol 2011; 28:382-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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