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Meng Z, Li X, Ye Q, Sun L, Xu X, Yang Y, Wang Z, Wang S. Rational design of a highly effective cellulose-based macromolecular fluorescent probe for real-time recognition of palladium ion in environmental samples and its applications in plant and zebrafish. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133936. [PMID: 39032908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Palladium ion (Pd2+) plays an important role in our daily life, but poses a great threat to the environment and human health. Thus, it is desirable to exploit a rapid and sensitive approach to realize the detection of Pd2+. In this study, a cellulose acetate-based macromolecular fluorescent probe CA-NA-PA was successfully prepared for tracking amounts of Pd2+. CA-NA-PA showed an obvious "on-off" fluorescence response to Pd2+, accompanied by the fluorescence color changed from bright yellow to colorless. CA-NA-PA had some outstanding detection performances such as low detection limit (26 nM), extremely short response time (1 min), good selectivity and anti-interference ability. Based on the advantages of probe mentioned above, CA-NA-PA could realize recognition of Pd2+ concentration in environmental water and soil samples. What's more, the probe CA-NA-PA was applied to image Pd2+ in zebrafish as well as in live onion tissue due to the good biocompatibility and cell membrane permeability of cellulose, suggesting its wide application prospect in biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Meng
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qian Ye
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Linfeng Sun
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yiqin Yang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhonglong Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Shifa Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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2
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Xu S, Yan KC, Xu ZH, Wang Y, James TD. Fluorescent probes for targeting the Golgi apparatus: design strategies and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:7590-7631. [PMID: 38904177 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00171g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is an essential organelle constructed by the stacking of flattened vesicles, that is widely distributed in eukaryotic cells and is dynamically regulated during cell cycles. It is a central station which is responsible for collecting, processing, sorting, transporting, and secreting some important proteins/enzymes from the endoplasmic reticulum to intra- and extra-cellular destinations. Golgi-specific fluorescent probes provide powerful non-invasive tools for the real-time and in situ visualization of the temporal and spatial fluctuations of bioactive species. Over recent years, more and more Golgi-targeting probes have been developed, which are essential for the evaluation of diseases including cancer. However, when compared with systems that target other important organelles (e.g. lysosomes and mitochondria), Golgi-targeting strategies are still in their infancy, therefore it is important to develop more Golgi-targeting probes. This review systematically summarizes the currently reported Golgi-specific fluorescent probes, and highlights the design strategies, mechanisms, and biological uses of these probes, we have structured the review based on the different targeting groups. In addition, we highlight the future challenges and opportunities in the development of Golgi-specific imaging agents and therapeutic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Detection, Xuchang University, 461000, P. R. China.
| | - Kai-Cheng Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Detection, Xuchang University, 461000, P. R. China.
- College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang, 461000, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, P. R. China.
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
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3
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Liu KQ, Wang ZX, Li F, Li HY, Wang W. Preparation and utilization of carbon dots as a nanoprobe for sensitive detection of tartrazine and palladium (II). Analyst 2024; 149:3073-3077. [PMID: 38752735 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00502c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
We prepared novel green, eco-friendly carbon dots as a dual-channel probe for highly sensitive and selective detection of tartrazine (Trz) and palladium(II) (Pd(II)) involving, respectively, FRET and electron transfer mechanisms. Furthermore, the successful utilization of the carbon dots for detecting Trz and Pd(II) in actual samples implies its potential application prospects in analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Qi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Zhong-Xia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Feng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Heng-Ye Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
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4
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Fu Q, Yang X, Wang M, Zhu K, Wang Y, Song J. Activatable Probes for Ratiometric Imaging of Endogenous Biomarkers In Vivo. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3916-3968. [PMID: 38258800 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic variations in the concentration and abnormal distribution of endogenous biomarkers are strongly associated with multiple physiological and pathological states. Therefore, it is crucial to design imaging systems capable of real-time detection of dynamic changes in biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of diseases. Recently, ratiometric imaging has emerged as a widely used technique for sensing and imaging of biomarkers due to its advantage of circumventing the limitations inherent to conventional intensity-dependent signal readout methods while also providing built-in self-calibration for signal correction. Here, the recent progress of ratiometric probes and their applications in sensing and imaging of biomarkers are outlined. Ratiometric probes are classified according to their imaging mechanisms, and ratiometric photoacoustic imaging, ratiometric optical imaging including photoluminescence imaging and self-luminescence imaging, ratiometric magnetic resonance imaging, and dual-modal ratiometric imaging are discussed. The applications of ratiometric probes in the sensing and imaging of biomarkers such as pH, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), glutathione (GSH), gas molecules, enzymes, metal ions, and hypoxia are discussed in detail. Additionally, this Review presents an overview of challenges faced in this field along with future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinrui Fu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Mengzhen Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Kang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Jibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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5
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Zhang X, Xu Y, Shen Y, Wang F. Simple Coumarin-Based Fluorescent Probe for Recognition of Pd(II) and Its Live Cell Imaging. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35121-35126. [PMID: 37779989 PMCID: PMC10536022 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple coumarin hydrazine Schiff base bearing a thioether recognition fragment (compound CBBS) has been rationally designed and easily prepared. CBBS exhibited an excellent selectivity for Pd(II) and a low detection limit of 65 nM (S/N = 3). The fluorescence emission intensities of CBBS at 495 nm were linear to Pd(II) concentrations in a wide range from 0 to 80 μM. Moreover, CBBS has been well used in fluorescence imaging of Pd(II) in living A549 cells. CBBS as a simple coordination-based fluorescent probe will inspire the researchers to develop a polymer for selective detection and adsorption of Pd(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Zhang
- College
of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Hunan
University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, P. R. China
- Changde
Engineering Technology Research Center of Biomedical Polymer Materials, Changde 415000, P. R. China
| | - Yaodan Xu
- College
of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Hunan
University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, P. R. China
- Changde
Engineering Technology Research Center of Biomedical Polymer Materials, Changde 415000, P. R. China
| | - Youming Shen
- College
of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Hunan
University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, P. R. China
- Changde
Engineering Technology Research Center of Biomedical Polymer Materials, Changde 415000, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Hunan
University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, P. R. China
- Changde
Engineering Technology Research Center of Biomedical Polymer Materials, Changde 415000, P. R. China
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6
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Swartchick CB, Chan J. Leveraging coordination chemistry to visualize metal ions via photoacoustic imaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 74:102312. [PMID: 37146434 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions are indispensable to all living systems owing to their diverse roles. Perturbation of metal homeostasis have been linked to many pathological conditions. As such, visualizing metal ions in these complex environments are of utmost importance. Photoacoustic imaging is a promising modality that combines the sensitivity of fluorescence to the superior resolution of ultrasound, through a light-in sound-out process, making it an appealing modality for metal ion detection in vivo. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the development of photoacoustic imaging probes for in vivo detection of metal ions, such as potassium, copper, zinc, and palladium. In addition, we provide our perspective and outlook on the exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea B Swartchick
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Lei S, Huang P, Lin J. In vivo ion visualization achieved by activatable organic photoacoustic probes. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liu Y, Teng L, Yin B, Meng H, Yin X, Huan S, Song G, Zhang XB. Chemical Design of Activatable Photoacoustic Probes for Precise Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6850-6918. [PMID: 35234464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging technology, a three-dimensional hybrid imaging modality that integrates the advantage of optical and acoustic imaging, has great application prospects in molecular imaging due to its high imaging depth and resolution. To endow PA imaging with the ability for real-time molecular visualization and precise biomedical diagnosis, numerous activatable molecular PA probes which can specifically alter their PA intensities upon reacting with the targets or biological events of interest have been developed. This review highlights the recent developments of activatable PA probes for precise biomedical applications including molecular detection of the biotargets and imaging of the biological events. First, the generation mechanism of PA signals will be given, followed by a brief introduction to contrast agents used for PA probe design. Then we will particularly summarize the general design principles for the alteration of PA signals and activatable strategies for developing precise PA probes. Furthermore, we will give a detailed discussion of activatable PA probes in molecular detection and biomedical imaging applications in living systems. At last, the current challenges and outlooks of future PA probes will be discussed. We hope that this review will stimulate new ideas to explore the potentials of activatable PA probes for precise biomedical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lili Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Baoli Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Meng
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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9
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Takebuchi H, Jin RH. Photoluminescent polymer micelles with thermo-/pH-/metal responsibility and their features in selective optical sensing of Pd(ii) cations. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5720-5731. [PMID: 35425587 PMCID: PMC8981652 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08756h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoluminescent polymers can be divided into two types of structures: one is the well-known conventional π-conjugated rigid chain polymers bearing π-conjugated chromophores in their side chains, and the other is the common flexible polymers without π-conjugated chromophores in their main or side chains but with a feature of clustering electron-rich and/or dipole groups in their main and/or side chains. In this work, we found a new photoluminescent polymer comprising theophylline (T) and imidazole (I) residues in a suitable ratio in the side chains on the common polystyrenic block (PVB-T/I). We synthesized a block copolymer (denoted as P2) consisting of hydrophobic PVB-T/I and hydrophilic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), and we investigated its self-assembly into micelles and their micellar features, such as thermo-responsibility, fluorescence emission, pH, and metal ion-dependent photoluminescence, in detail. Especially, the micelles self-assembled from P2 showed intrinsic blue emission which was emitted from the charge transfer association between T and I residues in the intra-chains. Weakening the association by adjustment of the pH or addition of metal ions could evidently reduce the photoluminescence in the micellar state. Very interestingly, among many metal cations, only Pd2+, which can chelate strongly with theophylline, strongly quenched the photoluminescence from the micelles. Therefore, the polymer micelles functioned as an optical sensor for Pd(ii) ion not only by spectroscopy but also with the naked eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Takebuchi
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University 3-2-7 Rokkakubashi Yokohama 221-8686 Japan
| | - Ren-Hua Jin
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University 3-2-7 Rokkakubashi Yokohama 221-8686 Japan
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10
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Brain neurochemical monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 189:113351. [PMID: 34049083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain neurochemical monitoring aims to provide continuous and accurate measurements of brain biomarkers. It has enabled significant advances in neuroscience for application in clinical diagnostics, treatment, and prevention of brain diseases. Microfabricated electrochemical and optical spectroscopy sensing technologies have been developed for precise monitoring of brain neurochemicals. Here, a comprehensive review on the progress of sensing technologies developed for brain neurochemical monitoring is presented. The review provides a summary of the widely measured clinically relevant neurochemicals and commonly adopted recognition technologies. Recent advances in sampling, electrochemistry, and optical spectroscopy for brain neurochemical monitoring are highlighted and their application are discussed. Existing gaps in current technologies and future directions to design industry standard brain neurochemical sensing devices for clinical applications are addressed.
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Xu D, Li M, Xu H, Yu J, Wang Y, Zhang P. N,S-doped carbon quantum dots as a fluorescent probe for palladium(II) ions via Förster resonance energy transfer. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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12
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Wang S, Zhang X. Design Strategies of Photoacoustic Molecular Probes. Chembiochem 2020; 22:308-316. [PMID: 32770597 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) probes have been developed very quickly and applied in broad areas in recent years. Most of them are constructed based on organic dyes with intrinsic near-infrared (NIR) absorption properties. To increase PA contrast and improve imaging resolution and the sensitivity of detection, various methods for the design of PA probes have been developed. This minireview mainly focuses on the development and design strategies of activatable small-molecule PA probes in four aspects: reaction-cleavage, metal ion chelation, photoswitch, and protonation-deprotonation. It highlights some key points of designing PA probes corresponding to their properties and applications. The challenges and perspectives for small-molecule PA probes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Wang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, P.R. China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, P.R. China
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Zeng Z, Ouyang J, Sun L, Zeng C, Zeng F, Wu S. Activatable Nanocomposite Probe for Preoperative Location and Intraoperative Navigation for Orthotopic Hepatic Tumor Resection via MSOT and Aggregation-Induced Near-IR-I/II Fluorescence Imaging. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9257-9264. [PMID: 32530263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The precise location of tumor and completeness of surgical resection are critical to successful tumor surgery; thus, the method capable of preoperatively locating a tumor site and intraoperatively determining tumor margins would be highly ideal. Herein, an activatable nanocomposite probe was developed for preoperatively locating orthotopic hepatic tumor via multispectral optoacoustic tomography imaging and for intraoperative navigation via near-IR-1 (NIR-I) and NIR-II fluorescence imaging. The molecular probe comprises an electronic donor, an acceptor, and a recognition moiety and forms the nanocomposite probe with bovine serum albumin. The probe specifically responds to nitroreductase overexpressed in tumor cells, which transforms the aromatic nitro group into an electron-donating amino group and thus activates the probe. The activated probe with the aggregation-induced emission feature generates strong NIR-I/NIR-II fluorescence and optoacoustic signals for dual-mode imaging. Owing to the in situ response toward nitroreductase in tumor cells in the hepatic region, the probe is found capable of detecting early stage orthotopic liver tumors. Furthermore, with the nanocomposite probe, we can obtain the 3D MSOT images to accurately locate orthotopic liver tumors preoperatively and the NIR-I/NIR-II fluorescence images to provide intraoperative guidance for tumor resection surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Juan Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lihe Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuizhu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
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