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Lu R, Akasaka H, Ruan KH. Design, synthesis and characterization of lead compounds as anti-inflammatory drugs targeting mPGES-1 via enzymelink screening. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:757-767. [PMID: 37248701 PMCID: PMC10318571 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to synthesize and validate a set of compounds that selectively inhibit mPGES-1, with the potential to be developed into a novel anti-inflammatory drug. Methods: The synthesized compounds were characterized using 1H NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS to confirm their structure. Cellular and enzymatic assays were used to demonstrate their inhibitory activity on prostaglandin E2 production. Results: Docking studies revealed that compounds containing fluoro-, chloro- and methyl- groups displayed strong inhibitory activity against prostaglandin E2. The inhibitory activity of synthesized trimethyl and trifluoro was further validated using enzymatic and cell migration assays. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that the synthesized compounds possess significant potential as a new generation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that selectively target mPGES-1 with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhong Lu
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Experimental Therapeutics & Pharmacoinformatics, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Hironori Akasaka
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Experimental Therapeutics & Pharmacoinformatics, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Ke-He Ruan
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Experimental Therapeutics & Pharmacoinformatics, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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2
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Synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies on novel 3-aryloxymethyl-5-[(2-oxo-2-arylethyl)sulfanyl]-1,2,4-triazoles and their oxime derivatives as potent inhibitors of mPGES-1. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Schwarz B, Roberts LM, Bohrnsen E, Jessop F, Wehrly TD, Shaia C, Bosio CM. Contribution of Lipid Mediators in Divergent Outcomes following Acute Bacterial and Viral Lung Infections in the Obese Host. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1323-1334. [PMID: 36002235 PMCID: PMC9529825 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is considered an important comorbidity for a range of noninfectious and infectious disease states including those that originate in the lung, yet the mechanisms that contribute to this susceptibility are not well defined. In this study, we used the diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model and two models of acute pulmonary infection, Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis strain SchuS4 and SARS-CoV-2, to uncover the contribution of obesity in bacterial and viral disease. Whereas DIO mice were more resistant to infection with SchuS4, DIO animals were more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with regular weight mice. In both models, neither survival nor morbidity correlated with differences in pathogen load, overall cellularity, or influx of inflammatory cells in target organs of DIO and regular weight animals. Increased susceptibility was also not associated with exacerbated production of cytokines and chemokines in either model. Rather, we observed pathogen-specific dysregulation of the host lipidome that was associated with vulnerability to infection. Inhibition of specific pathways required for generation of lipid mediators reversed resistance to both bacterial and viral infection. Taken together, our data demonstrate disparity among obese individuals for control of lethal bacterial and viral infection and suggest that dysregulation of the host lipidome contributes to increased susceptibility to viral infection in the obese host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schwarz
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT; and
| | - Lydia M Roberts
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT; and
| | - Eric Bohrnsen
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT; and
| | - Forrest Jessop
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT; and
| | - Tara D Wehrly
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT; and
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT
| | - Catharine M Bosio
- Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT; and
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Li QY, Li Y, Inoue A, Lu R, Xu A, Ruan KH. Reversing thromboxane A2 receptor activity from calcium to cAMP signaling by shifting Gαq to Gαs covalently linked to the receptor. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Engineering 'Enzymelink' for screening lead compounds to inhibit mPGES-1 while maintaining prostacyclin synthase activity. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1091-1103. [PMID: 34080888 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study investigated our Enzymelinks, COX-2-10aa-mPGES-1 and COX-2-10aa-PGIS, as cellular cross-screening targets for quick identification of lead compounds to inhibit inflammatory PGE2 biosynthesis while maintaining prostacyclin synthesis. Methods: We integrated virtual and wet cross-screening using Enzymelinks to rapidly identify lead compounds from a large compound library. Results: From 380,000 compounds virtually cross-screened with the Enzymelinks, 1576 compounds were identified and used for wet cross-screening using HEK293 cells that overexpressed individual Enzymelinks as targets. The top 15 lead compounds that inhibited mPGES-1 activity were identified. The top compound that specifically inhibited inflammatory PGE2 biosynthesis alone without affecting COX-2 coupled to PGI2 synthase (PGIS) for PGI2 biosynthesis was obtained. Conclusion: Enzymelink technology could advance cyclooxygenase pathway-targeted drug discovery to a significant degree.
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Bülbül B, Küçükgüzel İ. Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase-1 as a New Macromolecular Drug Target in the Prevention of Inflammation and Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1205-1222. [PMID: 30827263 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190227174137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the most life-threatening diseases worldwide. Since inflammation is considered to be one of the known characteristics of cancer, the activity of PGE2 has been paired with different tumorigenic steps such as increased tumor cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, increased invasiveness, angiogenesis and immunosuppression. OBJECTIVE It has been successfully demonstrated that inhibition of mPGES-1 prevented inflammation in preclinical studies. However, despite the crucial roles of mPGEs-1 and PGE2 in tumorigenesis, there is not much in vivo study on mPGES-1 inhibition in cancer therapy. The specificity of mPGEs-1 enzyme and its low expression level under normal conditions makes it a promising drug target with a low risk of side effects. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed for writing this review. An updated view on PGE2 biosynthesis, PGES isoenzyme family and its pharmacology and the latest information about inhibitors of mPGES-1 have been discussed. RESULTS In this study, it was aimed to highlight the importance of mPGES-1 and its inhibition in inflammationrelated cancer and other inflammatory conditions. Information about PGE2 biosynthesis, its role in inflammationrelated pathologies were also provided. We kept the noncancer-related inflammatory part short and tried to bring together promising molecules or scaffolds. CONCLUSION The information provided in this review might be useful to researchers in designing novel and potent mPGES-1 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahadır Bülbül
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İlkay Küçükgüzel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Li Y, Li Q, Ling Q, So S, Ruan K. A novel single-chain enzyme complex with chain reaction properties rapidly producing thromboxane A 2 and exhibiting powerful anti-bleeding functions. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:8343-8354. [PMID: 31628732 PMCID: PMC6850917 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrollable bleeding is still a worldwide killer. In this study, we aimed to investigate a novel approach to exhibit effective haemostatic properties, which could possibly save lives in various bleeding emergencies. According to the structure-based enzymatic design, we have engineered a novel single-chain hybrid enzyme complex (SCHEC), COX-1-10aa-TXAS. We linked the C-terminus of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) to the N-terminus of the thromboxane A2 (TXA2 ) synthase (TXAS), through a 10-amino acid residue linker. This recombinant COX-1-10aa-TXAS can effectively pass COX-1-derived intermediate prostaglandin (PG) H2 (PGH2 ) to the active site of TXAS, resulting in an effective chain reaction property to produce the haemostatic prostanoid, TXA2 , rapidly. Advantageously, COX-1-10aa-TXAS constrains the production of other pro-bleeding prostanoids, such as prostacyclin (PGI2 ) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), through reducing the common substrate, PGH2 being passed to synthases which produce aforementioned prostanoids. Therefore, based on these multiple properties, this novel COX-1-10aa-TXAS indicated a powerful anti-bleeding ability, which could be used to treat a variety of bleeding situations and could even be useful for bleeding prone situations, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-resulted TXA2 -deficient and PGI2 -mediated bleeding disorders. This novel SCHEC has a great potential to be developed into a biological haemostatic agent to treat severe haemorrhage emergencies, which will prevent the complications of blood loss and save lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical SciencesCenter for Experimental Therapeutics and PharmacoinformaticsCollege of PharmacyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - Qun‐Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical SciencesCenter for Experimental Therapeutics and PharmacoinformaticsCollege of PharmacyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
- Visiting Scholar from Department of UltrasoundSecond Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University College of MedicineHangzhou CityChina
| | - Qing‐Lan Ling
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical SciencesCenter for Experimental Therapeutics and PharmacoinformaticsCollege of PharmacyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - Shui‐Ping So
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical SciencesCenter for Experimental Therapeutics and PharmacoinformaticsCollege of PharmacyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - Ke‐He Ruan
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical SciencesCenter for Experimental Therapeutics and PharmacoinformaticsCollege of PharmacyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
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Alexanian A, Sorokin A. Cyclooxygenase 2: protein-protein interactions and posttranslational modifications. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:667-681. [PMID: 28939645 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00086.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies implicate the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) enzyme and COX2-derived prostanoids in various human diseases, and thus, much effort has been made to uncover the regulatory mechanisms of this enzyme. COX2 has been shown to be regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, leading to the development of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and selective COX2 inhibitors (COXIBs), which inhibit the COX2 enzyme through direct targeting. Recently, evidence of posttranslational regulation of COX2 enzymatic activity by s-nitrosylation, glycosylation, and phosphorylation has also been presented. Additionally, posttranslational regulators that actively downregulate COX2 expression by facilitating increased proteasome degradation of this enzyme have also been reported. Moreover, recent data identified proteins, located in close proximity to COX2 enzyme, that serve as posttranslational modulators of COX2 function, upregulating its enzymatic activity. While the precise mechanisms of the protein-protein interaction between COX2 and these regulatory proteins still need to be addressed, it is likely these interactions could regulate COX2 activity either as a result of conformational changes of the enzyme or by impacting subcellular localization of COX2 and thus affecting its interactions with regulatory proteins, which further modulate its activity. It is possible that posttranslational regulation of COX2 enzyme by such proteins could contribute to manifestation of different diseases. The uncovering of posttranslational regulation of COX2 enzyme will promote the development of more efficient therapeutic strategies of indirectly targeting the COX2 enzyme, as well as provide the basis for the generation of novel diagnostic tools as biomarkers of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alexanian
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Andrey Sorokin
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Akasaka H, Thaliachery N, Zheng X, Blumenthal M, Nikhar S, Murdoch EE, Ling Q, Ruan KH. The key residue within the second extracellular loop of human EP3 involved in selectively turning down PGE 2- and retaining PGE 1-mediated signaling in live cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 616:20-29. [PMID: 28065721 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Key residues and binding mechanisms of PGE1 and PGE2 on prostanoid receptors are poorly understood due to the lack of X-ray structures for the receptors. We constructed a human EP3 (hEP3) model through integrative homology modeling using the X-ray structure of the β2-adrenergic receptor transmembrane domain and NMR structures of the thromboxane A2 receptor extracellular loops. PGE1 and PGE2 docking into the hEP3 model showed differing configurations within the extracellular ligand recognition site. While PGE2 could form possible binding contact with S211, PGE1 is unable to form similar contacts. Therefore, S211 could be the critical residue for PGE2 recognition, but is not a significant for PGE1. This prediction was confirmed using HEK293 cells transfected with hEP3 S211L cDNA. The S211L cells lost PGE2 binding and signaling. Interestingly, the S211L cells retained PGE1-mediated signaling. It indicates that S211 within the second extracellular loop is a key residue involved in turning down PGE2 signaling. Our study provided information that S211L within EP3 is the key residue to distinguish PGE1 and PGE2 binding to mediate diverse biological functions at the initial recognition step. The S211L mutant could be used as a model for studying the binding mechanism and signaling pathway specifically mediated by PGE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironari Akasaka
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacoinformatics and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77204-5037, USA
| | - Natasha Thaliachery
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacoinformatics and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77204-5037, USA
| | - Xianghai Zheng
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacoinformatics and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77204-5037, USA
| | - Marissa Blumenthal
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacoinformatics and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77204-5037, USA
| | - Sameer Nikhar
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacoinformatics and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77204-5037, USA
| | - Emma E Murdoch
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacoinformatics and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77204-5037, USA
| | - Qinglan Ling
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacoinformatics and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77204-5037, USA
| | - Ke-He Ruan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacoinformatics and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77204-5037, USA
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Identification of the two-phase mechanism of arachidonic acid regulating inflammatory prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis by targeting COX-2 and mPGES-1. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 603:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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