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Guan L. The rapid developments of membrane protein structure biology over the last two decades. BMC Biol 2023; 21:300. [PMID: 38155357 PMCID: PMC10755942 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA.
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2
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Ghani L, Kim S, Ehsan M, Lan B, Poulsen IH, Dev C, Katsube S, Byrne B, Guan L, Loland CJ, Liu X, Im W, Chae PS. Melamine-cored glucosides for membrane protein solubilization and stabilization: importance of water-mediated intermolecular hydrogen bonding in detergent performance. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13014-13024. [PMID: 38023530 PMCID: PMC10664503 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03543c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins play essential roles in a number of biological processes, and their structures are important in elucidating such processes at the molecular level and also for rational drug design and development. Membrane protein structure determination is notoriously challenging compared to that of soluble proteins, due largely to the inherent instability of their structures in non-lipid environments. Micelles formed by conventional detergents have been widely used for membrane protein manipulation, but they are suboptimal for long-term stability of membrane proteins, making downstream characterization difficult. Hence, there is an unmet need for the development of new amphipathic agents with enhanced efficacy for membrane protein stabilization. In this study, we designed and synthesized a set of glucoside amphiphiles with a melamine core, denoted melamine-cored glucosides (MGs). When evaluated with four membrane proteins (two transporters and two G protein-coupled receptors), MG-C11 conferred notably enhanced stability compared to the commonly used detergents, DDM and LMNG. These promising findings are mainly attributed to a unique feature of the MGs, i.e., the ability to form dynamic water-mediated hydrogen-bond networks between detergent molecules, as supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Thus, MG-C11 is the first example of a non-peptide amphiphile capable of forming intermolecular hydrogen bonds within a protein-detergent complex environment. Detergent micelles formed via a hydrogen-bond network could represent the next generation of highly effective membrane-mimetic systems useful for membrane protein structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Ghani
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University Ansan 155-88 South Korea
| | - Seonghoon Kim
- School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study Seoul 024-55 South Korea
| | - Muhammad Ehsan
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University Ansan 155-88 South Korea
| | - Baoliang Lan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Ida H Poulsen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen DK-2200 Denmark
| | - Chandra Dev
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock Texas 79430 USA
| | - Satoshi Katsube
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock Texas 79430 USA
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock Texas 79430 USA
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen DK-2200 Denmark
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Wonpil Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, and Bioengineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University Ansan 155-88 South Korea
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3
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Ghani L, Zhang X, Munk CF, Hariharan P, Lan B, Yun HS, Byrne B, Guan L, Loland CJ, Liu X, Chae PS. Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane Linker-Bearing Triazine-Based Triglucosides for Solubilization and Stabilization of Membrane Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:739-747. [PMID: 36919927 PMCID: PMC10145683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution membrane protein structures are essential for a fundamental understanding of the molecular basis of diverse cellular processes and for drug discovery. Detergents are widely used to extract membrane-spanning proteins from membranes and maintain them in a functional state for downstream characterization. Due to limited long-term stability of membrane proteins encapsulated in conventional detergents, development of novel agents is required to facilitate membrane protein structural study. In the current study, we designed and synthesized tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane linker-bearing triazine-based triglucosides (TTGs) for solubilization and stabilization of membrane proteins. When these glucoside detergents were evaluated for four membrane proteins including two G protein-coupled receptors, a few TTGs including TTG-C10 and TTG-C11 displayed markedly enhanced behaviors toward membrane protein stability relative to two maltoside detergents [DDM (n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside) and LMNG (lauryl maltose neopentyl glycol)]. This is a notable feature of the TTGs as glucoside detergents tend to be inferior to maltoside detergents at stabilizing membrane proteins. The favorable behavior of the TTGs for membrane protein stability is likely due to the high hydrophobicity of the lipophilic groups, an optimal range of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, and the absence of cis-trans isomerism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Ghani
- Department
of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 155-88, South Korea
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Tsinghua-Peking
Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological
Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology,
School of Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chastine F. Munk
- Department
of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department
of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein
Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech
University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Baoliang Lan
- Tsinghua-Peking
Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological
Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology,
School of Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong Sik Yun
- Department
of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 155-88, South Korea
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Lan Guan
- Department
of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein
Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech
University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Claus J. Loland
- Department
of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking
Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological
Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology,
School of Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department
of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 155-88, South Korea
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4
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Katsube S, Liang R, Amin A, Hariharan P, Guan L. Molecular basis for the cation selectivity of Salmonella typhimurium melibiose permease. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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Ehsan M, Wang H, Katsube S, Munk CF, Du Y, Youn T, Yoon S, Byrne B, Loland CJ, Guan L, Kobilka BK, Chae PS. Glyco-steroidal amphiphiles (GSAs) for membrane protein structural study. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200027. [PMID: 35129249 PMCID: PMC8986615 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins pose considerable challenges to high resolution structural analysis. Maintaining membrane proteins in their native state during protein isolation is essential for structural study of these bio-macromolecules. Detergents are the most commonly used amphiphilic compounds for stabilizing membrane proteins in solution outside a lipid bilayer. We previously introduced a glyco-diosgenin (GDN) detergent that was shown to be highly effective at stabilizing a wide range of membrane proteins. This steroidal detergent has additionally gained attention due to its compatibility with membrane protein structure study via cryo-EM. However, synthetic inconvenience limits widespread use of GDN in membrane protein study. To improve its synthetic accessibility and to further enhance detergent efficacy for protein stabilization, we designed a new class of glyco-steroid-based detergents using three steroid units: cholestanol, cholesterol and diosgenin. These new detergents were efficiently prepared and showed marked efficacy for protein stabilization in evaluation with a few model membrane proteins including two G protein-coupled receptors. Some new agents were not only superior to a gold standard detergent, DDM, but were also more effective than the original GDN at preserving protein integrity long term. These agents represent valuable alternatives to GDN, and are likely to facilitate structural determination of challenging membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ehsan
- Hanyang University, Department of Bionano Engineering, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Haoqing Wang
- Stanford University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, UNITED STATES
| | - Satoshi Katsube
- Texas Tech University, Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, UNITED STATES
| | - Chastine F Munk
- University of Copenhagen: Kobenhavns Universitet, Department of Neuroscience, DENMARK
| | - Yang Du
- Stanford University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, UNITED STATES
| | - Taeyeol Youn
- Hanyang University, Department of Bionano Engineering, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Soyoung Yoon
- Hanyang University, Department of Bionano Engineering, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Claus J Loland
- University of Copenhagen: Kobenhavns Universitet, Department of Neurosciences, DENMARK
| | - Lan Guan
- Texas Tech University, Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, UNITED STATES
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Stanford University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, UNITED STATES
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Hanyang University, Department of Bionano Engineering, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, 426-791, Ansan, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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Majeed S, Ahmad AB, Sehar U, Georgieva ER. Lipid Membrane Mimetics in Functional and Structural Studies of Integral Membrane Proteins. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:685. [PMID: 34564502 PMCID: PMC8470526 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins (IMPs) fulfill important physiological functions by providing cell-environment, cell-cell and virus-host communication; nutrients intake; export of toxic compounds out of cells; and more. However, some IMPs have obliterated functions due to polypeptide mutations, modifications in membrane properties and/or other environmental factors-resulting in damaged binding to ligands and the adoption of non-physiological conformations that prevent the protein from returning to its physiological state. Thus, elucidating IMPs' mechanisms of function and malfunction at the molecular level is important for enhancing our understanding of cell and organism physiology. This understanding also helps pharmaceutical developments for restoring or inhibiting protein activity. To this end, in vitro studies provide invaluable information about IMPs' structure and the relation between structural dynamics and function. Typically, these studies are conducted on transferred from native membranes to membrane-mimicking nano-platforms (membrane mimetics) purified IMPs. Here, we review the most widely used membrane mimetics in structural and functional studies of IMPs. These membrane mimetics are detergents, liposomes, bicelles, nanodiscs/Lipodisqs, amphipols, and lipidic cubic phases. We also discuss the protocols for IMPs reconstitution in membrane mimetics as well as the applicability of these membrane mimetic-IMP complexes in studies via a variety of biochemical, biophysical, and structural biology techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Majeed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Akram Bani Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Elka R Georgieva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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7
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Conformationally flexible core-bearing detergents with a hydrophobic or hydrophilic pendant: Effect of pendant polarity on detergent conformation and membrane protein stability. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:393-407. [PMID: 33933694 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane protein structures provide atomic level insight into essential biochemical processes and facilitate protein structure-based drug design. However, the inherent instability of these bio-macromolecules outside lipid bilayers hampers their structural and functional study. Detergent micelles can be used to solubilize and stabilize these membrane-inserted proteins in aqueous solution, thereby enabling their downstream characterizations. Membrane proteins encapsulated in detergent micelles tend to denature and aggregate over time, highlighting the need for development of new amphiphiles effective for protein solubility and stability. In this work, we present newly-designed maltoside detergents containing a pendant chain attached to a glycerol-decorated tris(hydroxymethyl)methane (THM) core, designated GTMs. One set of the GTMs has a hydrophobic pendant (ethyl chain; E-GTMs), and the other set has a hydrophilic pendant (methoxyethoxylmethyl chain; M-GTMs) placed in the hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces. The two sets of GTMs displayed profoundly different behaviors in terms of detergent self-assembly and protein stabilization efficacy. These behaviors mainly arise from the polarity difference between two pendants (ethyl and methoxyethoxylmethyl chains) that results in a large variation in detergent conformation between these sets of GTMs in aqueous media. The resulting high hydrophobic density in the detergent micelle interior is likely responsible for enhanced efficacy of the M-GTMs for protein stabilization compared to the E-GTMs and a gold standard detergent DDM. A representative GTM, M-GTM-O12, was more effective for protein stability than some recently developed detergents including LMNG. This is the first case study investigating the effect of pendant polarity on detergent geometry correlated with detergent efficacy for protein stabilization. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study introduces new amphiphiles for use as biochemical tools in membrane protein studies. We identified a few hydrophilic pendant-bearing amphiphiles such as M-GTM-O11 and M-GTM-O12 that show remarkable efficacy for membrane protein solubilization and stabilization compared to a gold standard DDM, the hydrophobic counterparts (E-GTMs) and a significantly optimized detergent LMNG. In addition, detergent results obtained in the current study reveals the effect of detergent pendant polarity on protein solubility and stability. Thus, the current study represents both significant chemical and conceptual advance. The detergent tools and design principle introduced here advance protein science and facilitate structure-based drug design and development.
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8
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Hariharan P, Guan L. Cooperative binding ensures the obligatory melibiose/Na+ cotransport in MelB. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:212278. [PMID: 34110360 PMCID: PMC8200842 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MelB catalyzes the obligatory cotransport of melibiose with Na+, Li+, or H+. Crystal structure determination of the Salmonella typhimurium MelB (MelBSt) has revealed a typical major facilitator superfamily (MFS) fold at a periplasmic open conformation. Cooperative binding of Na+ and melibiose has been previously established. To determine why cotranslocation of sugar solute and cation is obligatory, we analyzed each binding in the thermodynamic cycle using three independent methods, including the determination of melting temperature by circular dichroism spectroscopy, heat capacity change (ΔCp), and regulatory phosphotransferase EIIAGlc binding with isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). We found that MelBSt thermostability is increased by either substrate (Na+ or melibiose) and observed a cooperative effect of both substrates. ITC measurements showed that either binary formation yields a positive sign in the ΔCp, suggesting MelBSt hydration and a likely widening of the periplasmic cavity. Conversely, formation of a ternary complex yields negative values in ΔCp, suggesting MelBSt dehydration and cavity closure. Lastly, we observed that EIIAGlc, which has been suggested to trap MelBSt at an outward-open state, readily binds to the MelBSt apo state at an affinity similar to MelBSt/Na+. However, it has a suboptimal binding to the ternary state, implying that MelBSt in the ternary complex may be conformationally distant from the EIIAGlc-preferred outward-facing conformation. Our results consistently support the notion that binding of one substrate (Na+ or melibiose) favors MelBSt at open states, whereas the cooperative binding of both substrates triggers the alternating-access process, thus suggesting this conformational regulation could ensure the obligatory cotransport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
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9
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Das M, Mahler F, Hariharan P, Wang H, Du Y, Mortensen JS, Patallo EP, Ghani L, Glück D, Lee HJ, Byrne B, Loland CJ, Guan L, Kobilka BK, Keller S, Chae PS. Diastereomeric Cyclopentane-Based Maltosides (CPMs) as Tools for Membrane Protein Study. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21382-21392. [PMID: 33315387 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic agents, called detergents, are invaluable tools for studying membrane proteins. However, membrane proteins encapsulated by conventional head-to-tail detergents tend to denature or aggregate, necessitating the development of structurally distinct molecules with improved efficacy. Here, a novel class of diastereomeric detergents with a cyclopentane core unit, designated cyclopentane-based maltosides (CPMs), were prepared and evaluated for their ability to solubilize and stabilize several model membrane proteins. A couple of CPMs displayed enhanced behavior compared with the benchmark conventional detergent, n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside (DDM), for all the tested membrane proteins including two G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Furthermore, CPM-C12 was notable for its ability to confer enhanced membrane protein stability compared with the previously developed conformationally rigid NBMs [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 3072] and LMNG. The effect of the individual CPMs on protein stability varied depending on both the detergent configuration (cis/trans) and alkyl chain length, allowing us draw conclusions on the detergent structure-property-efficacy relationship. Thus, this study not only provides novel detergent tools useful for membrane protein research but also reports on structural features of the detergents critical for detergent efficacy in stabilizing membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabendra Das
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 155-88, Korea.,Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Florian Mahler
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Haoqing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Eugenio Pérez Patallo
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lubna Ghani
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 155-88, Korea
| | - David Glück
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ho Jin Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 155-88, Korea
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sandro Keller
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences (IMB), NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50/III, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 155-88, Korea
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Bae HE, Cecchetti C, Du Y, Katsube S, Mortensen JS, Huang W, Rehan S, Lee HJ, Loland CJ, Guan L, Kobilka BK, Byrne B, Chae PS. Pendant-bearing glucose-neopentyl glycol (P-GNG) amphiphiles for membrane protein manipulation: Importance of detergent pendant chain for protein stabilization. Acta Biomater 2020; 112:250-261. [PMID: 32522715 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucoside detergents are successfully used for membrane protein crystallization mainly because of their ability to form small protein-detergent complexes. In a previous study, we introduced glucose neopentyl glycol (GNG) amphiphiles with a branched diglucoside structure that has facilitated high resolution crystallographic structure determination of several membrane proteins. Like other glucoside detergents, however, these GNGs were less successful than DDM in stabilizing membrane proteins, limiting their wide use in protein structural study. As a strategy to improve GNG efficacy for protein stabilization, we introduced two different alkyl chains (i.e., main and pendant chains) into the GNG scaffold while maintaining the branched diglucoside head group. Of these pendant-bearing GNGs (P-GNGs), three detergents (GNG-2,14, GNG-3,13 and GNG-3,14) were not only notably better than both DDM (a gold standard detergent) and the previously described GNGs at stabilizing all six membrane proteins tested here, but were also as efficient as DDM at membrane protein extraction. The results suggest that the C14 main chain of the P-GNGs is highly compatible with the hydrophobic widths of membrane proteins, while the C2/C3 pendant chain is effective at strengthening detergent hydrophobic interactions. Based on the marked effect on protein stability and solubility, these glucoside detergents hold significant potential for membrane protein structural study. Furthermore, the independent roles of the detergent two alkyl chains first introduced in this study have shed light on new amphiphile design for membrane protein study. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Detergent efficacy for protein stabilization tends to be protein-specific, thus it is challenging to find a detergent that is effective at stabilizing multiple membrane proteins. By incorporating a pendant chain into our previous GNG scaffold, we prepared pendant chain-bearing GNGs (P-GNGs) and identified three P-GNGs that were highly effective at stabilizing all membrane proteins tested here including two GPCRs. In addition, the new detergents were as efficient as DDM at extracting membrane proteins, enabling use of these detergents over the multiple steps of protein isolation. The key difference between the P-GNGs and other glucoside detergents, the presence of a pendant chain, is likely to be responsible for their markedly enhanced protein stabilization behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Eun Bae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588 (Korea)
| | - Cristina Cecchetti
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Satoshi Katsube
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430 (USA)
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200 (Denmark)
| | - Weijiao Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Shahid Rehan
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (Finland); HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (Finland)
| | - Ho Jin Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588 (Korea)
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200 (Denmark)
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430 (USA)
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588 (Korea).
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11
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Ehsan M, Katsube S, Cecchetti C, Du Y, Mortensen JS, Wang H, Nygaard A, Ghani L, Loland CJ, Kobilka BK, Byrne B, Guan L, Chae PS. New Malonate-Derived Tetraglucoside Detergents for Membrane Protein Stability. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1697-1707. [PMID: 32501004 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are widely studied in detergent micelles, a membrane-mimetic system formed by amphiphilic compounds. However, classical detergents have serious limitations in their utility, particularly for unstable proteins such as eukaryotic membrane proteins and membrane protein complexes, and thus, there is an unmet need for novel amphiphiles with enhanced ability to stabilize membrane proteins. Here, we developed a new class of malonate-derived detergents with four glucosides, designated malonate-derived tetra-glucosides (MTGs), and compared these new detergents with previously reported octyl glucose neopentyl glycol (OGNG) and n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside (DDM). When tested with two G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and three transporters, a couple of MTGs consistently conferred enhanced stability to all tested proteins compared to DDM and OGNG. As a result of favorable behaviors for a range of membrane proteins, these MTGs have substantial potential for membrane protein research. This study additionally provides a new detergent design principle based on the effect of a polar functional group (i.e., ether) on protein stability depending on its position in the detergent scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ehsan
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea
| | - Satoshi Katsube
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Cristina Cecchetti
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Du
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001 Longxiang Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Jonas S. Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Haoqing Wang
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Andreas Nygaard
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Lubna Ghani
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea
| | - Claus J. Loland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Brian K. Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea
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12
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Ghani L, Munk CF, Zhang X, Katsube S, Du Y, Cecchetti C, Huang W, Bae HE, Saouros S, Ehsan M, Guan L, Liu X, Loland CJ, Kobilka BK, Byrne B, Chae PS. 1,3,5-Triazine-Cored Maltoside Amphiphiles for Membrane Protein Extraction and Stabilization. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19677-19687. [PMID: 31809039 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite their major biological and pharmacological significance, the structural and functional study of membrane proteins remains a significant challenge. A main issue is the isolation of these proteins in a stable and functional state from native lipid membranes. Detergents are amphiphilic compounds widely used to extract membrane proteins from the native membranes and maintain them in a stable form during downstream analysis. However, due to limitations of conventional detergents, it is essential to develop novel amphiphiles with optimal properties for protein stability in order to advance membrane protein research. Here we designed and synthesized 1,3,5-triazine-cored dimaltoside amphiphiles derived from cyanuric chloride. By introducing variations in the alkyl chain linkage (ether/thioether) and an amine-functionalized diol linker (serinol/diethanolamine), we prepared two sets of 1,3,5-triazine-based detergents. When tested with several model membrane proteins, these agents showed remarkable efficacy in stabilizing three transporters and two G protein-coupled receptors. Detergent behavior substantially varied depending on the detergent structural variation, allowing us to explore detergent structure-property-efficacy relationships. The 1,3,5-triazine-based detergents introduced here have significant potential for membrane protein study as a consequence of their structural diversity and universal stabilization efficacy for several membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Ghani
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Hanyang University , Ansan 155-88 , Korea
| | - Chastine F Munk
- Department of Neuroscience , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen DK-2200 , Denmark
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tsinghua University , 100084 Beijing , China
| | - Satoshi Katsube
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock , Texas 79430 , United States
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Cristina Cecchetti
- Department of Life Sciences , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Weijiao Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Hyoung Eun Bae
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Hanyang University , Ansan 155-88 , Korea
| | - Savvas Saouros
- Department of Life Sciences , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Ehsan
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Hanyang University , Ansan 155-88 , Korea
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock , Texas 79430 , United States
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tsinghua University , 100084 Beijing , China
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen DK-2200 , Denmark
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Hanyang University , Ansan 155-88 , Korea
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13
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Sadaf A, Ramos M, Mortensen JS, Du Y, Bae HE, Munk CF, Hariharan P, Byrne B, Kobilka BK, Loland CJ, Guan L, Chae PS. Conformationally Restricted Monosaccharide-Cored Glycoside Amphiphiles: The Effect of Detergent Headgroup Variation on Membrane Protein Stability. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1717-1726. [PMID: 31305987 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Detergents are widely used to isolate membrane proteins from lipid bilayers, but many proteins solubilized in conventional detergents are structurally unstable. Thus, there is major interest in the development of novel amphiphiles to facilitate membrane protein research. In this study, we have designed and synthesized novel amphiphiles with a rigid scyllo-inositol core, designated scyllo-inositol glycosides (SIGs). Varying the headgroup structure allowed the preparation of three sets of SIGs that were evaluated for their effects on membrane protein stability. When tested with a few model membrane proteins, representative SIGs conferred enhanced stability to the membrane proteins compared to a gold standard conventional detergent (DDM). Of the novel amphiphiles, a SIG designated STM-12 was most effective at preserving the stability of the multiple membrane proteins tested here. In addition, a comparative study of the three sets suggests that several factors, including micelle size and alkyl chain length, need to be considered in the development of novel detergents for membrane protein research. Thus, this study not only describes new detergent tools that are potentially useful for membrane protein structural study but also introduces plausible correlations between the chemical properties of detergents and membrane protein stabilization efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Sadaf
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan 155-88, Korea
| | - Manuel Ramos
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Jonas S. Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hyoung Eun Bae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan 155-88, Korea
| | - Chastine F. Munk
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Brian K. Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Claus J. Loland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan 155-88, Korea
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14
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Arana MR, Fiori MC, Altenberg GA. Functional and structural comparison of the ABC exporter MsbA studied in detergent and reconstituted in nanodiscs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:448-452. [PMID: 30902387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purified membrane proteins are most frequently studied solubilized in detergent, but the properties of detergent micelles are very different from those of lipid bilayers. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in studying membrane proteins under conditions that resemble the membrane protein native environment more closely. Although there are indications of differences between membrane proteins in detergent and in lipid bilayers, direct functional and structural comparisons are very hard to find. Nanodiscs have been established as a new platform that consists of two molecules of a membrane scaffold protein that surround a small lipid-bilayer patch. Here, we undertook the task of comparing the function and conformational states of the transport protein MsbA in detergent and nanodiscs using ATPase activity and luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) measurements to assess differences in activity and conformational states, respectively. MsbA is a prototypical member of the ATP binding cassette protein superfamily. MsbA activity was higher in nanodiscs vs detergent, which had clear structural correlates: an increase in the fraction of molecules displaying closed nucleotide-binding domain dimers in the apo state, and a decrease in the distance of the "dissociated" nucleotide-binding domains. Our LRET studies support the notion that the widely separated nucleotide binding domains observed in the MsbA x-ray structures in detergent do not correspond to physiological conformations. Although our studies focus on a particular ABC exporter, the possibility of similar environment effects on other membrane proteins should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite R Arana
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6551, USA; Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariana C Fiori
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6551, USA
| | - Guillermo A Altenberg
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6551, USA.
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15
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Breyton C, Javed W, Vermot A, Arnaud CA, Hajjar C, Dupuy J, Petit-Hartlein I, Le Roy A, Martel A, Thépaut M, Orelle C, Jault JM, Fieschi F, Porcar L, Ebel C. Assemblies of lauryl maltose neopentyl glycol (LMNG) and LMNG-solubilized membrane proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:939-957. [PMID: 30776334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Laurylmaltose neopentylglycol (LMNG) bears two linked hydrophobic chains of equal length and two hydrophilic maltoside groups. It arouses a strong interest in the field of membrane protein biochemistry, since it was shown to efficiently solubilize and stabilize membrane proteins often better than the commonly used dodecylmaltopyranoside (DDM), and to allow structure determination of some challenging membrane proteins. However, LMNG was described to form large micelles, which could be unfavorable for structural purposes. We thus investigated its auto-assemblies and the association state of different membrane proteins solubilized in LMNG by analytical ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography coupled to light scattering, centrifugation on sucrose gradient and/or small angle scattering. At high concentrations (in the mM range), LMNG forms long rods, and it stabilized the membrane proteins investigated herein, i.e. a bacterial multidrug transporter, BmrA; a prokaryotic analogous of the eukaryotic NADPH oxidases, SpNOX; an E. coli outer membrane transporter, FhuA; and the halobacterial bacteriorhodopsin, bR. BmrA, in the Apo and the vanadate-inhibited forms showed reduced kinetics of limited proteolysis in LMNG compared to DDM. Both SpNOX and BmrA display an increased specific activity in LMNG compared to DDM. The four proteins form LMNG complexes with their usual quaternary structure and with usual amount of bound detergent. No heterogeneous complexes related to the large micelle size of LMNG alone were observed. In conditions where LMNG forms assemblies of large size, FhuA crystals diffracting to 4.0 Å were obtained by vapor diffusion. LMNG large micelle size thus does not preclude membrane protein homogeneity and crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Breyton
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Waqas Javed
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France; University of Lyon, CNRS, UMR5086, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, IBCP, Lyon 69367, France
| | - Annelise Vermot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Charles-Adrien Arnaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Hajjar
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jérôme Dupuy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Petit-Hartlein
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Aline Le Roy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Martel
- Institut Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Thépaut
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Cédric Orelle
- University of Lyon, CNRS, UMR5086, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, IBCP, Lyon 69367, France
| | - Jean-Michel Jault
- University of Lyon, CNRS, UMR5086, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, IBCP, Lyon 69367, France
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Ebel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France.
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16
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Hussain H, Helton T, Du Y, Mortensen JS, Hariharan P, Ehsan M, Byrne B, Loland CJ, Kobilka BK, Guan L, Chae PS. A comparative study of branched and linear mannitol-based amphiphiles on membrane protein stability. Analyst 2019; 143:5702-5710. [PMID: 30334564 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01408f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The study of membrane proteins is extremely challenging, mainly because of the incompatibility of the hydrophobic surfaces of membrane proteins with an aqueous medium. Detergents are essential agents used to maintain membrane protein stability in non-native environments. However, conventional detergents fail to stabilize the native structures of many membrane proteins. Development of new amphipathic agents with enhanced efficacy for membrane protein stabilization is necessary to address this important problem. We have designed and synthesized linear and branched mannitol-based amphiphiles (MNAs), and comparative studies showed that most of the branched MNAs had advantages over the linear agents in terms of membrane protein stability. In addition, a couple of the new MNAs displayed favorable behaviors compared to n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside and the previously developed MNAs in maintaining the native protein structures, indicating potential utility of these new agents in membrane protein study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazrat Hussain
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea.
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17
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Bae HE, Du Y, Hariharan P, Mortensen JS, Kumar KK, Ha B, Das M, Lee HS, Loland CJ, Guan L, Kobilka BK, Chae PS. Asymmetric maltose neopentyl glycol amphiphiles for a membrane protein study: effect of detergent asymmetricity on protein stability. Chem Sci 2018; 10:1107-1116. [PMID: 30774908 PMCID: PMC6346398 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02560f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An asymmetric MNG, MNG-8,12, provided enhanced stability to human G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) compared to the symmetric MNG, MNG-3.
Maintaining protein stability in an aqueous solution is a prerequisite for protein structural and functional studies, but conventional detergents have increasingly showed limited ability to maintain protein integrity. A representative novel agent, maltose neopentyl glycol-3 (MNG-3), has recently substantially contributed to membrane protein structural studies. Motivated by the popular use of this novel agent, we prepared asymmetric versions of MNG-3 and evaluated these agents with several membrane proteins including two G protein-coupled receptors in this study. We found that some new MNGs were significantly more effective than MNG-3 at preserving protein integrity in the long term, suggesting that these asymmetric MNGs will find a wide use in membrane protein studies. In addition, this is the first study addressing the favorable effect of detergent asymmetric nature on membrane protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Eun Bae
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Hanyang University , Ansan , 15588 Korea .
| | - Yang Du
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics , Center for Membrane Protein Research , School of Medicine , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock , TX 79430 , USA .
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience , University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen , Denmark .
| | - Kaavya K Kumar
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Betty Ha
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Manabendra Das
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Hanyang University , Ansan , 15588 Korea .
| | - Hyun Sung Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Hanyang University , Ansan , 15588 Korea .
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience , University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen , Denmark .
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics , Center for Membrane Protein Research , School of Medicine , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock , TX 79430 , USA .
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Hanyang University , Ansan , 15588 Korea .
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18
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Hariharan P, Tikhonova E, Medeiros-Silva J, Jeucken A, Bogdanov MV, Dowhan W, Brouwers JF, Weingarth M, Guan L. Structural and functional characterization of protein-lipid interactions of the Salmonella typhimurium melibiose transporter MelB. BMC Biol 2018; 16:85. [PMID: 30075778 PMCID: PMC6091025 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Membrane lipids play critical roles in the structure and function of membrane-embedded transporters. Salmonella typhimurium MelB (MelBSt) is a symporter coupling melibiose translocation with a cation (Na+, Li+, or H+). We present an extensive study on the effects of specific phospholipids on the structure of MelBSt and the melibiose transport catalyzed by this protein. RESULTS Lipidomic analysis and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) experiments reveal that at least one phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and one phosphatidylglycerol (PG) molecule associate with MelBSt at high affinities. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy experiments confirmed the presence of lipid tails and glycerol backbones that co-purified with MelBSt; headgroups of PG were also observed. Studies with lipid-engineered strains, including PE-deficient, cardiolipin (CL)- and PG-deficient, or CL-deficient strains, show that lack of PE or PG, however not CL, largely inhibits both H+- and Na+-coupled melibiose active transport to different extents. Interestingly, neither the co-substrate binding (melibiose or Na+) nor MelBSt folding and stability are affected by changing lipid compositions. Remarkably, the delipidated MelBSt with only 2-3 bound lipids, regardless of the headgroup species, also exhibits unchanged melting temperature values as shown by circular dichroism spectroscopy. CONCLUSIONS (1) Lipid tails and glycerol backbones of interacting PE and PG may contribute to the stability of the structure of MelBSt. (2) The headgroups of PE and PG, but not of CL, play important roles in melibiose transport; however, lipid headgroups do not modulate the folding and stability of MelBSt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Elena Tikhonova
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - João Medeiros-Silva
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aike Jeucken
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Lipidomics Facility, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mikhail V Bogdanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas Health Science, Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William Dowhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas Health Science, Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jos F Brouwers
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Lipidomics Facility, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Weingarth
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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19
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Ehsan M, Ghani L, Du Y, Hariharan P, Mortensen JS, Ribeiro O, Hu H, Skiniotis G, Loland CJ, Guan L, Kobilka BK, Byrne B, Chae PS. New penta-saccharide-bearing tripod amphiphiles for membrane protein structure studies. Analyst 2018; 142:3889-3898. [PMID: 28913526 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01168g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins either alone or as complexes carry out a range of key cellular functions. Detergents are indispensable tools in the isolation of membrane proteins from biological membranes for downstream studies. Although a large number of techniques and tools, including a wide variety of detergents, are available, purification and structural characterization of many membrane proteins remain challenging. In the current study, a new class of tripod amphiphiles bearing two different penta-saccharide head groups, designated TPSs, were developed and evaluated for their ability to extract and stabilize a range of diverse membrane proteins. Variations in the structures of the detergent head and tail groups allowed us to prepare three sets of the novel agents with distinctive structures. Some TPSs (TPS-A8 and TPS-E7) were efficient at extracting two proteins in a functional state while others (TPS-E8 and TPS-E10L) conferred marked stability to all membrane proteins (and membrane protein complexes) tested here compared to a conventional detergent. Use of TPS-E10L led to clear visualization of a receptor-Gs complex using electron microscopy, indicating profound potential in membrane protein research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ehsan
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea.
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20
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Ehsan M, Das M, Stern V, Du Y, Mortensen JS, Hariharan P, Byrne B, Loland CJ, Kobilka BK, Guan L, Chae PS. Steroid-Based Amphiphiles for Membrane Protein Study: The Importance of Alkyl Spacers for Protein Stability. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1433-1443. [PMID: 29660780 PMCID: PMC7238963 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins allow effective communication between cells and organelles and their external environments. Maintaining membrane protein stability in a non-native environment is the major bottleneck to their structural study. Detergents are widely used to extract membrane proteins from the membrane and to keep the extracted protein in a stable state for downstream characterisation. In this study, three sets of steroid-based amphiphiles-glyco-diosgenin analogues (GDNs) and steroid-based pentasaccharides either lacking a linker (SPSs) or containing a linker (SPS-Ls)-have been developed as new chemical tools for membrane protein research. These detergents were tested with three membrane proteins in order to characterise their ability to extract membrane proteins from the membrane and to stabilise membrane proteins long-term. Some of the detergents, particularly the SPS-Ls, displayed favourable behaviour with the tested membrane proteins. This result indicates the potential utility of these detergents as chemical tools for membrane protein structural study and a critical role of the simple alkyl spacer in determining detergent efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ehsan
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Manabendra Das
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Valerie Stern
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Yang Du
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
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21
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Sadaf A, Du Y, Santillan C, Mortensen JS, Molist I, Seven AB, Hariharan P, Skiniotis G, Loland CJ, Kobilka BK, Guan L, Byrne B, Chae PS. Dendronic trimaltoside amphiphiles (DTMs) for membrane protein study. Chem Sci 2017; 8:8315-8324. [PMID: 29619178 PMCID: PMC5858085 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03700g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel amphiphile with a dendronic hydrophobic group (DTM-A6) was markedly effective at stabilizing and visualizing a GPCR-Gs complex.
The critical contribution of membrane proteins in normal cellular function makes their detailed structure and functional analysis essential. Detergents, amphipathic agents with the ability to maintain membrane proteins in a soluble state in aqueous solution, have key roles in membrane protein manipulation. Structural and functional stability is a prerequisite for biophysical characterization. However, many conventional detergents are limited in their ability to stabilize membrane proteins, making development of novel detergents for membrane protein manipulation an important research area. The architecture of a detergent hydrophobic group, that directly interacts with the hydrophobic segment of membrane proteins, is a key factor in dictating their efficacy for both membrane protein solubilization and stabilization. In the current study, we developed two sets of maltoside-based detergents with four alkyl chains by introducing dendronic hydrophobic groups connected to a trimaltoside head group, designated dendronic trimaltosides (DTMs). Representative DTMs conferred enhanced stabilization to multiple membrane proteins compared to the benchmark conventional detergent, DDM. One DTM (i.e., DTM-A6) clearly outperformed DDM in stabilizing human β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and its complex with Gs protein. A further evaluation of this DTM led to a clear visualization of β2AR-Gs complex via electron microscopic analysis. Thus, the current study not only provides novel detergent tools useful for membrane protein study, but also suggests that the dendronic architecture has a role in governing detergent efficacy for membrane protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Sadaf
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Hanyang University , Ansan , 155-88 , Korea .
| | - Yang Du
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Claudia Santillan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics , Center for Membrane Protein Research , School of Medicine , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock , TX 79430 , USA .
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Center of Neuroscience , University of Copenhagen , DK 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark .
| | - Iago Molist
- Department of Life Sciences , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Alpay B Seven
- Structural Biology & Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics , Center for Membrane Protein Research , School of Medicine , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock , TX 79430 , USA .
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Structural Biology & Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Claus J Loland
- Center of Neuroscience , University of Copenhagen , DK 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark .
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics , Center for Membrane Protein Research , School of Medicine , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock , TX 79430 , USA .
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Hanyang University , Ansan , 155-88 , Korea .
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22
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Hariharan P, Guan L. Thermodynamic cooperativity of cosubstrate binding and cation selectivity of Salmonella typhimurium MelB. J Gen Physiol 2017; 149:1029-1039. [PMID: 29054867 PMCID: PMC5677108 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The melibiose symporter MelB couples melibiose transport to that of cations such as Na+. Hariharan and Guan show that the binding of Na+ and melibiose is thermodynamically cooperative and that Na+ coupling is based on ion concentrations and competitive binding, but not ion selectivity. The Na+-coupled melibiose symporter MelB, which can also be coupled to H+ or Li+ transport, is a prototype for the glycoside-pentoside-hexuronide:cation symporter family. Although the 3-D x-ray crystal structure of Salmonella typhimurium MelB (MelBSt) has been determined, the symport mechanisms for the obligatory coupled transport are not well understood. Here, we apply isothermal titration calorimetry to determine the energetics of Na+ and melibiose binding to MelBSt, as well as protonation of this transporter. Studies of the thermodynamic cycle for the formation of the Na+–MelBSt–melibiose ternary complex at pH 7.45 reveal that the binding of Na+ and melibiose is cooperative. The binding affinity for one substrate (Na+ or melibiose) is increased by the presence of the other by about eightfold. The coupling free energies (ΔΔG) of either substrate binding are ∼5 kJ/mol, and binding of both substrates releases a free energy of ∼35 kJ/mol. Measurements of the Na+-binding enthalpy at three different pH values, including the pKa value of MelB, indicate that the binding of one Na+ displaces one H+ per MelBSt molecule. In addition, the absolute dissociation constants for Na+ and H+, determined by competitive binding, show that MelBSt is selective for H+ over Na+ by ∼1,000-fold at a pKa of 6.25. Thus, the Na+ coupling in MelBSt is based not on ion selectivity but on ion concentrations and competitive binding because of a much higher Na+ concentration under physiological conditions. Such a selectivity feature seems to be common for membrane transport proteins that can bind both H+ and Na+ at a common site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
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23
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Abstract
High-resolution membrane protein structures are essential for understanding the molecular basis of diverse biological events and important in drug development. Detergents are usually used to extract these bio-macromolecules from the membranes and maintain them in a soluble and stable state in aqueous solutions for downstream characterization. However, many eukaryotic membrane proteins solubilized in conventional detergents tend to undergo structural degradation, necessitating the development of new amphiphilic agents with enhanced properties. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel class of glucoside amphiphiles, designated tandem malonate-based glucosides (TMGs). A few TMG agents proved effective at both stabilizing a range of membrane proteins and extracting proteins from the membrane environment. These favourable characteristics, along with synthetic convenience, indicate that these agents have potential in membrane protein research.
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24
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Das M, Du Y, Ribeiro O, Hariharan P, Mortensen JS, Patra D, Skiniotis G, Loland CJ, Guan L, Kobilka BK, Byrne B, Chae PS. Conformationally Preorganized Diastereomeric Norbornane-Based Maltosides for Membrane Protein Study: Implications of Detergent Kink for Micellar Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3072-3081. [PMID: 28218862 PMCID: PMC5818264 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Detergents are essential tools for functional and structural studies of membrane proteins. However, conventional detergents are limited in their scope and utility, particularly for eukaryotic membrane proteins. Thus, there are major efforts to develop new amphipathic agents with enhanced properties. Here, a novel class of diastereomeric agents with a preorganized conformation, designated norbornane-based maltosides (NBMs), were prepared and evaluated for their ability to solubilize and stabilize membrane proteins. Representative NBMs displayed enhanced behaviors compared to n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside (DDM) for all membrane proteins tested. Efficacy of the individual NBMs varied depending on the overall detergent shape and alkyl chain length. Specifically, NBMs with no kink in the lipophilic region conferred greater stability to the proteins than NBMs with a kink. In addition, long alkyl chain NBMs were generally better at stabilizing membrane proteins than short alkyl chain agents. Furthermore, use of one well-behaving NBM enabled us to attain a marked stabilization and clear visualization of a challenging membrane protein complex using electron microscopy. Thus, this study not only describes novel maltoside detergents with enhanced protein-stabilizing properties but also suggests that overall detergent geometry has an important role in determining membrane protein stability. Notably, this is the first systematic study on the effect of detergent kinking on micellar properties and associated membrane protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabendra Das
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan 155-88, Korea
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Orquidea Ribeiro
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Jonas S. Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Dhabaleswar Patra
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Claus J. Loland
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Brian K. Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan 155-88, Korea
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25
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Cho KH, Ribeiro O, Du Y, Tikhonova E, Mortensen JS, Markham K, Hariharan P, Loland CJ, Guan L, Kobilka BK, Byrne B, Chae PS. Mesitylene-Cored Glucoside Amphiphiles (MGAs) for Membrane Protein Studies: Importance of Alkyl Chain Density in Detergent Efficacy. Chemistry 2016; 22:18833-18839. [PMID: 27743406 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Detergents serve as useful tools for membrane protein structural and functional studies. Their amphipathic nature allows detergents to associate with the hydrophobic regions of membrane proteins whilst maintaining the proteins in aqueous solution. However, widely used conventional detergents are limited in their ability to maintain the structural integrity of membrane proteins and thus there are major efforts underway to develop novel agents with improved properties. We prepared mesitylene-cored glucoside amphiphiles (MGAs) with three alkyl chains and compared these agents with previously developed xylene-linked maltoside agents (XMAs) with two alkyl chains and a conventional detergent (DDM). When these agents were evaluated for four membrane proteins including a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), some agents such as MGA-C13 and MGA-C14 resulted in markedly enhanced stability of membrane proteins compared to both DDM and the XMAs. This favourable behaviour is due likely to the increased hydrophobic density provided by the extra alkyl chain. Thus, this study not only describes new glucoside agents with potential for membrane protein research, but also introduces a new detergent design principle for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ho Cho
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea
| | - Orquidea Ribeiro
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yang Du
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Elena Tikhonova
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kelsey Markham
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | | | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea
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26
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Das M, Du Y, Mortensen JS, Ribeiro O, Hariharan P, Guan L, Loland CJ, Kobilka BK, Byrne B, Chae PS. Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol-based amphiphilic stereoisomers for membrane protein study: importance of chirality in the linker region. Chem Sci 2016; 8:1169-1177. [PMID: 28451257 PMCID: PMC5369527 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02981g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality variation in amphiphile architecture resulted in a significant difference in detergent efficacy for membrane protein stabilisation.
Amphiphile selection is a crucial step in membrane protein structural and functional study. As conventional detergents have limited scope and utility, novel agents with enhanced efficacy need to be developed. Although a large number of novel agents have been reported, so far there has been no systematically designed comparative study of the protein stabilization efficacy of stereo-isomeric amphiphiles. Here we designed and prepared a novel class of stereo-isomeric amphiphiles, designated butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol-based maltosides (BTMs). These stereoisomers showed markedly different behaviour for most of the targeted membrane proteins depending on the chirality of the linker region. These findings indicate an important role for detergent stereochemistry in membrane protein stabilization. In addition, we generally observed enhanced detergent efficacy with increasing alkyl chain length, reinforcing the importance of the balance between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity in detergent design. The stereo-isomeric difference in detergent efficacy observed provides an important design principle for the development of novel amphiphiles for membrane protein manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabendra Das
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Hanyang University , Ansan , 15588 , Korea .
| | - Yang Du
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen , Denmark .
| | - Orquidea Ribeiro
- Department of Life Sciences , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics , Center for Membrane Protein Research , School of Medicine , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock , TX 79430 , USA .
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics , Center for Membrane Protein Research , School of Medicine , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock , TX 79430 , USA .
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen , Denmark .
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology , Hanyang University , Ansan , 15588 , Korea .
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27
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Ehsan M, Du Y, Scull NJ, Tikhonova E, Tarrasch J, Mortensen JS, Loland CJ, Skiniotis G, Guan L, Byrne B, Kobilka BK, Chae PS. Highly Branched Pentasaccharide-Bearing Amphiphiles for Membrane Protein Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3789-96. [PMID: 26966956 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Detergents are essential tools for membrane protein manipulation. Micelles formed by detergent molecules have the ability to encapsulate the hydrophobic domains of membrane proteins. The resulting protein-detergent complexes (PDCs) are compatible with the polar environments of aqueous media, making structural and functional analysis feasible. Although a number of novel agents have been developed to overcome the limitations of conventional detergents, most have traditional head groups such as glucoside or maltoside. In this study, we introduce a class of amphiphiles, the PSA/Es with a novel highly branched pentasaccharide hydrophilic group. The PSA/Es conferred markedly increased stability to a diverse range of membrane proteins compared to conventional detergents, indicating a positive role for the new hydrophilic group in maintaining the native protein integrity. In addition, PDCs formed by PSA/Es were smaller and more suitable for electron microscopic analysis than those formed by DDM, indicating that the new agents have significant potential for the structure-function studies of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ehsan
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University , Ansan, 426-791, Korea
| | - Yang Du
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nicola J Scull
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Elena Tikhonova
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Jeffrey Tarrasch
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University , Ansan, 426-791, Korea
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28
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LeVine MV, Khelashvili G, Shi L, Quick M, Javitch JA, Weinstein H. Role of Annular Lipids in the Functional Properties of Leucine Transporter LeuT Proteomicelles. Biochemistry 2016; 55:850-9. [PMID: 26811944 PMCID: PMC4757857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
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Recent
work has shown that the choice of the type and concentration
of detergent used for the solubilization of membrane proteins can
strongly influence the results of functional experiments. In particular,
the amino acid transporter LeuT can bind two substrate molecules in
low concentrations of n-dodecyl β-d-maltopyranoside (DDM), whereas high concentrations reduce the molar
binding stoichiometry to 1:1. Subsequent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations
of LeuT in DDM proteomicelles revealed that DDM can penetrate to the
extracellular vestibule and make stable contacts in the functionally
important secondary substrate binding site (S2), suggesting a potential
competitive mechanism for the reduction in binding stoichiometry.
Because annular lipids can be retained during solubilization, we performed
MD simulations of LeuT proteomicelles at various stages of the solubilization
process. We find that at low DDM concentrations, lipids are retained
around the protein and penetration of detergent into the S2 site does
not occur, whereas at high concentrations, lipids are displaced and
the probability of DDM binding in the S2 site is increased. This behavior
is dependent on the type of detergent, however, as we find in the
simulations that the detergent lauryl maltose-neopentyl glycol, which
is approximately twice the size of DDM and structurally more closely
resembles lipids, does not penetrate the protein even at very high
concentrations. We present functional studies that confirm the computational
findings, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of experimental
conditions, and for cautious interpretation of data in gathering mechanistic
information about membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V LeVine
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University (WCMC) , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - George Khelashvili
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University (WCMC) , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University (WCMC) , New York, New York 10065, United States.,Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | | | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Harel Weinstein
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University (WCMC) , New York, New York 10065, United States.,HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University , New York, New York 10065, United States
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29
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Sadaf A, Mortensen JS, Capaldi S, Tikhonova E, Hariharan P, de Castro Ribeiro O, Loland CJ, Guan L, Byrne B, Chae PS. A Class of Rigid Linker-bearing Glucosides for Membrane Protein Structural Study. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1933-1939. [PMID: 27110345 PMCID: PMC4836865 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02900g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel glycoside amphiphile (NDT-C11) displays favorable behavior in maintaining both protein stability and conformational flexibility compared to DDM and MNG-3.
Membrane proteins are amphipathic bio-macromolecules incompatible with the polar environments of aqueous media. Conventional detergents encapsulate the hydrophobic surfaces of membrane proteins allowing them to exist in aqueous solution. Membrane proteins stabilized by detergent micelles are used for structural and functional analysis. Despite the availability of a large number of detergents, only a few agents are sufficiently effective at maintaining the integrity of membrane proteins to allow successful crystallization. In the present study, we describe a novel class of synthetic amphiphiles with a branched tail group and a triglucoside head group. These head and tail groups were connected via an amide or ether linkage by using a tris(hydroxylmethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) or neopentyl glycol (NPG) linker to produce TRIS-derived triglucosides (TDTs) and NPG-derived triglucosides (NDTs), respectively. Members of this class conferred enhanced stability on target membrane proteins compared to conventional detergents. Because of straightforward synthesis of the novel agents and their favourable effects on a range of membrane proteins, these agents should be of wide applicability to membrane protein science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Sadaf
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791 (Korea)
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen (Denmark)
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London, SW7 2AZ (UK) ; Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona (Italy)
| | - Elena Tikhonova
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences
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