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Serafim TD, Iniguez E, Barletta ABF, Cecilio P, Doehl JSP, Short M, Lack J, Nair V, Disotuar M, Wilson T, Coutinho-Abreu IV, Meneses C, Andersen J, Alves E Silva TL, Oliveira F, Vega-Rodriguez J, Barillas-Mury C, Ribeiro JMC, Beverley SM, Kamhawi S, Valenzuela JG. Leishmania genetic exchange is mediated by IgM natural antibodies. Nature 2023; 623:149-156. [PMID: 37880367 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Host factors that mediate Leishmania genetic exchange are not well defined. Here we demonstrate that natural IgM (IgMn)1-4 antibodies mediate parasite genetic exchange by inducing the transient formation of a spherical parasite clump that promotes parasite fusion and hybrid formation. We establish that IgMn from Leishmania-free animals binds to the surface of Leishmania parasites to induce significant changes in the expression of parasite transcripts and proteins. Leishmania binding to IgMn is partially lost after glycosidase treatment, although parasite surface phosphoglycans, including lipophosphoglycan, are not required for IgMn-induced parasite clumping. Notably, the transient formation of parasite clumps is essential for Leishmania hybridization in vitro. In vivo, we observed a 12-fold increase in hybrid formation in sand flies provided a second blood meal containing IgMn compared with controls. Furthermore, the generation of recombinant progeny from mating hybrids and parental lines were only observed in sand flies provided with IgMn. Both in vitro and in vivo IgM-induced Leishmania crosses resulted in full genome hybrids that show equal patterns of biparental contribution. Leishmania co-option of a host natural antibody to facilitate mating in the insect vector establishes a new paradigm of parasite-host-vector interdependence that contributes to parasite diversity and fitness by promoting genetic exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago D Serafim
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Eva Iniguez
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ana Beatriz F Barletta
- Mosquito Immunity and Vector Competence Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Pedro Cecilio
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Johannes S P Doehl
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mara Short
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Justin Lack
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vinod Nair
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Maria Disotuar
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Timothy Wilson
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Iliano V Coutinho-Abreu
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - John Andersen
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Thiago Luiz Alves E Silva
- Molecular Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Fabiano Oliveira
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Joel Vega-Rodriguez
- Molecular Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carolina Barillas-Mury
- Mosquito Immunity and Vector Competence Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - José M C Ribeiro
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Stephen M Beverley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Shaden Kamhawi
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Jesus G Valenzuela
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
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2
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Xu X, Hou Y, Long N, Jiang L, Yan Z, Xu Y, Lv Y, Xiang X, Yang H, Liu J, Qi X, Chu L. TPPP3 promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Snail1 in glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17960. [PMID: 37863960 PMCID: PMC10589222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45233-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulin polymerization promoting protein 3 (TPPP3), a member of the tubulin polymerization family, participates in cell progressions in several human cancers, its biological function and the underlying mechanisms in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role and application value of TPPP3 in gliomas and found that the expression of TPPP3 in glioma was higher than that in normal brain tissue (NBT), and increased with the grade of glioma. Up-regulation of TPPP3 expression in glioblastoma cells confer stronger ability of migration, invasion, proliferation and lower apoptosis in vitro. Inhibition of TPPP3 expression in GBM could reduce the migration, invasion, proliferation and induce the apoptosis of glioblastoma cells. TPPP3 affected the process of EMT by regulating the expression of Snail 1 protein. In clinical data analysis, we found a positive correlation between TPPP3 and Snail1 protein expression levels in glioblastomas. Low TPPP3 expression leads to better survival expectations in glioblastomas patients. The content of this study paves the way for further in-depth exploration of the role of TPPP3 in glioblastoma in the future, and provides new treatment and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunan Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Niya Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lishi Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhangwei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Liangzhao Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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3
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Orosz F. The Unicellular, Parasitic Fungi, Sanchytriomycota, Possess a DNA Sequence Possibly Encoding a Long Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP) but Not a Fungal-Type One. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2029. [PMID: 37630588 PMCID: PMC10459994 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The unicellular, parasitic fungi of the phylum Sanchytriomycota (sanchytrids) were discovered a few years ago. These unusual chytrid-like fungi parasitize algae. The zoospores of the species of the phylum contain an extremely long kinetosome composed of microtubular singlets or doublets and a non-motile pseudocilium (i.e., a reduced posterior flagellum). Fungi provide an ideal opportunity to test and confirm the correlation between the occurrence of flagellar proteins (the ciliome) and that of the eukaryotic cilium/flagellum since the flagellum occurs in the early-branching phyla and not in terrestrial fungi. Tubulin polymerization promoting protein (TPPP)-like proteins, which contain a p25alpha domain, were also suggested to belong to the ciliome and are present in flagellated fungi. Although sanchytrids have lost many of the flagellar proteins, here it is shown that they possess a DNA sequence possibly encoding long (animal-type) TPPP, but not the fungal-type one characteristic of chytrid fungi. Phylogenetic analysis of p25alpha domains placed sanchytrids into a sister position to Blastocladiomycota, similarly to species phylogeny, with maximal support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Orosz
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Orosz F. p25alpha Domain-Containing Proteins of Apicomplexans and Related Taxa. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1528. [PMID: 37375031 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
TPPP (tubulin polymerization promoting protein)-like proteins contain one or more p25alpha (Pfam05517) domains. TPPP-like proteins occur in different types as determined by their length (e.g., long-, short-, truncated-, and fungal-type TPPP) and include the protein apicortin, which possesses another domain, doublecortin (DCX, Pfam 03607). These various TPPP-like proteins are found in various phylogenomic groups. In particular, short-type TPPPs and apicortin are well-represented in the Myzozoa, which include apicomplexans and related taxa, chrompodellids, dinoflagellates, and perkinsids. The long-, truncated-, and fungal-type TPPPs are not found in the myzozoans. Apicortins are found in all apicomplexans except one piroplasmid species, present in several other myzozoans, and seem to be correlated with the conoid and apical complex. Short-type TPPPs are predominantly found in myzozoans that have flagella, suggesting a role in flagellum assembly or structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Orosz
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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5
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On the TPPP Protein of the Enigmatic Fungus, Olpidium-Correlation between the Incidence of p25alpha Domain and That of the Eukaryotic Flagellum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213927. [PMID: 36430412 PMCID: PMC9698843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of the flagellum was an important step in the evolution of fungi. The flagellated fungi of the phylum Olpidiomycota are the closest relative of the non-flagellated terrestrial fungi. There are genes encoding proteins, the occurrence of which shows a strong correlation with the incidence of the flagellum. One of these gene/protein families is "TPPP-like proteins" whose main feature is the presence of the p25alpha domain. The functional link between TPPP and flagellum has also been shown. Most of the phyla of flagellated fungi have been known to contain TPPP-like proteins but Olpidiomycota was an exception. This study demonstrates that Olpidium bornovanus, similarly to some fungi of Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota, has a "fungal-type" TPPP characterized by the presence of two (a complete and an incomplete) p25alpha domains.
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6
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Zhang X, Shi M, Zhao X, Bin E, Hu Y, Tang N, Dai H, Wang C. Telomere shortening impairs alveolar regeneration. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13211. [PMID: 35274784 PMCID: PMC9055893 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Short telomeres in alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells have been associated with many lung diseases. The study aimed to investigate the regeneration capacity of AT2 cells with short telomeres by knocking out Tert in mice (G4 Tert−/−) from the whole to the cellular level. Materials and Methods The lung injury model of mice was established by left pneumonectomy (PNX). The proliferation and differentiation of AT2 cells were observed by immunofluorescence staining in vivo and in vitro. The difference of the gene expression between control and G4 Tert−/− group during the regeneration of AT2 cells was compared by RNA sequencing. The expression of tubulin polymerization promoting protein 3 (TPPP3) was reduced by adeno‐associated virus delivery. Results The alveolar regeneration in G4 Tert−/− mice was impaired after PNX‐induced lung injury. The regulation of cytoskeleton remodelling was defective in G4 Tert−/− AT2 cells. The expression of TPPP3 was gradually increased during AT2 cell differentiation. The expression level of TPPP3 was reduced in G4 Tert−/− AT2 cells. Reducing TPPP3 expression in AT2 cells limits the microtubule remodelling and differentiation of AT2 cells. Conclusion Short telomeres in AT2 cells result in the reduced expression level of TPPP3, leading to impaired regeneration capacity of AT2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengting Shi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ennan Bin
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yucheng Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology & Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Tang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Chen L, Hu Q, Liu H, Zhao Y, Chan SO, Wang J. Nogo-A Induced Polymerization of Microtubule Is Involved in the Inflammatory Heat Hyperalgesia in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910360. [PMID: 34638704 PMCID: PMC8508904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule, a major constituent of cytoskeletons, was shown to bind and interact with transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1), and serves a pivotal role to produce thermal hyperalgesia in inflammatory pain. Nogo-A is a modulator of microtubule assembly and plays a key role in maintaining the function of TRPV1 in inflammatory heat pain. However, whether the microtubule dynamics modulated by Nogo-A in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons participate in the inflammatory pain is not elucidated. Here we reported that the polymerization of microtubules in the DRG neurons, as indicated by the acetylated α-tubulin, tubulin polymerization-promoting protein 3 (TPPP3), and microtubule numbers, was significantly elevated in the complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) induced inflammatory pain. Consistent with our previous results, knock-out (KO) of Nogo-A protein significantly attenuated the heat hyperalgesia 72 h after CFA injection and decreased the microtubule polymerization via up-regulation of phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) in DRG. The colocalization of acetylated α-tubulin and TRPV1 in DRG neurons was also reduced dramatically in Nogo-A KO rats under inflammatory pain. Moreover, the down-regulation of TRPV1 in DRG of Nogo-A KO rats after injection of CFA was reversed by intrathecal injection of paclitaxel, a microtubule stabilizer. Furthermore, intrathecal injection of nocodazole (a microtubule disruptor) attenuated significantly the CFA-induced inflammatory heat hyperalgesia and the mechanical pain in a rat model of spared nerve injury (SNI). In these SNI cases, the Nogo-A and acetylated α-tubulin in DRG were also significantly up-regulated. We conclude that the polymerization of microtubules promoted by Nogo-A in DRG contributes to the development of inflammatory heat hyperalgesia mediated by TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.C.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qiguo Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.C.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Huaicun Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.C.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.C.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Sun-On Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (S.-O.C.); (J.W.); Tel.: +85-2-3943-6898 (S.-O.C.); +86-10-8280-1119 (J.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.C.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (S.-O.C.); (J.W.); Tel.: +85-2-3943-6898 (S.-O.C.); +86-10-8280-1119 (J.W.)
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8
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Mast N, Petrov AM, Prendergast E, Bederman I, Pikuleva IA. Brain Acetyl-CoA Production and Phosphorylation of Cytoskeletal Proteins Are Targets of CYP46A1 Activity Modulation and Altered Sterol Flux. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2040-2060. [PMID: 34235635 PMCID: PMC8609074 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol and 24-hydroxycholesterol are the most abundant brain sterols and represent the substrate and product, respectively, of cytochrome P450 46A1 (CYP46A1), a CNS-specific enzyme. CYP46A1 controls cholesterol elimination and turnover in the brain, the two processes that determine the rate of brain sterol flux through the plasma membranes and thereby the properties of these membranes. Brain sterol flux is decreased in Cyp46a1-/- mice compared to wild-type mice and increased in 5XFAD mice (a model of Alzheimer's disease) when they are treated with a small dose of efavirenz, a CYP46A1 activator. Herein, we first assessed the brain proteome (synaptosomal fractions) and phospho-proteome (synaptosomal fractions and brain homogenates) of efavirenz-treated and control 5XFAD mice. Then, based on the pattern of protein abundance change, we conducted acetyl-CoA measurements (brain homogenates and mitochondria) and metabolic profiling (brain homogenates). The phospho-proteomics datasets were used for comparative analyses with the datasets obtained by us previously on mice with the same changes (efavirenz-treated and control 5XFAD mice from a different treatment paradigm) or with changes in the opposite direction (Cyp46a1-/- vs wild-type mice) in brain sterol flux. We found that CYP46A1 activity or the rate of brain sterol flux affects acetyl-CoA-related metabolic pathways as well as phosphorylation of cytoskeletal and other proteins. Knowledge of the key roles of acetyl-CoA and cytoskeletal phosphorylation in cell biology expands our understanding of the significance of CYP46A1-mediated cholesterol 24-hydroxylation in the brain and provides an additional explanation for why CYP46A1 activity modulations are beneficial in mouse models of different brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mast
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, 420111, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova Street, 420012, Kazan, Russia
| | - Erin Prendergast
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ilya Bederman
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Irina A Pikuleva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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9
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Orosz F. Apicortin, a Constituent of Apicomplexan Conoid/Apical Complex and Its Tentative Role in Pathogen-Host Interaction. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6030118. [PMID: 34209186 PMCID: PMC8293464 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2009, apicortin was identified in silico as a characteristic protein of apicomplexans that also occurs in the placozoa, Trichoplax adhaerens. Since then, it has been found that apicortin also occurs in free-living cousins of apicomplexans (chromerids) and in flagellated fungi. It contains a partial p25-α domain and a doublecortin (DCX) domain, both of which have tubulin/microtubule binding properties. Apicortin has been studied experimentally in two very important apicomplexan pathogens, Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum. It is localized in the apical complex in both parasites. In T. gondii, apicortin plays a key role in shaping the structure of a special tubulin polymer, conoid. In both parasites, its absence or downregulation has been shown to impair pathogen–host interactions. Based on these facts, it has been suggested as a therapeutic target for treatment of malaria and toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Orosz
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Orosz F. Truncated TPPP - An Endopterygota-specific protein. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07135. [PMID: 34136696 PMCID: PMC8180608 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TPPP proteins exhibiting microtubule stabilizing function constitute a eukaryotic protein superfamily, characterized by the presence of the p25alpha domain of various lengths. Vertebrate species possess three TPPP paralogs; all of them possess a full-length p25alpha domain of 160-170 amino acids and are encoded by three exons. Species of Endopterygota (Holometabola) have, besides a full-size TPPP ortholog, a protein with a truncated p25alpha domain as well, where the last coding exon, responsible for microtubule binding, is missing. It is not the result of an alternative splicing but is coded by another gene. In Drosophila melanogaster, they are named as CG45057 (long-type) and CG6709 (truncated). The truncated protein has been found in the Endopterygota orders Diptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and Raphidioptera. In Lepidoptera, in several superfamilies (Gelechioidea, Bombycoidea, Noctuoidea, Pyraloidea) two paralogs of the truncated TPPP occur. Truncated orthologs (CG6709) were not found in other insects or in arthropods and are absent in any other organism, as well, while the long-type TPPPs (CG45057 orthologs) occur commonly in all animals. Thus it seems that CG6709 orthologs occur only in insects undergoing on metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Orosz
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Orosz F. On the TPPP-like proteins of flagellated fungi. Fungal Biol 2020; 125:357-367. [PMID: 33910677 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TPPP-like proteins, exhibiting microtubule stabilizing function, constitute a eukaryotic superfamily, characterized by the presence of the p25alpha domain. TPPPs in the strict sense are present in animals except Trichoplax adhaerens, which instead contains apicortin where a part of the p25alpha domain is combined with a DCX domain. Apicortin is absent in other animals and occurs mostly in the protozoan phylum, Apicomplexa. A strong correlation between the occurrence of p25alpha domain and that of the eukaryotic cilium/flagellum was suggested. Species of the deeper branching clades of Fungi possess flagellum but others lost it thus investigation of fungal genomes can help testing of this suggestion. Indeed, these proteins are present in early branching Fungi. Both TPPP and apicortin are present in Rozellomycota (Cryptomycota) and Chytridiomycota, TPPP in Blastocladiomycota, apicortin in Neocallimastigomycota, Monoblepharomycota and the non-flagellated Mucoromycota. Beside the "normal" TPPP occurring in animals, a special, fungal-type TPPP is also present in Fungi, in which a part of the p25alpha domain is duplicated. Dikarya, the most developed subkingdom of Fungi, lacks both flagellum and TPPPs. Thus it is strengthened that each ciliated/flagellated organism contains p25alpha domain-containing proteins while there are very few non-flagellated ones where p25alpha domain can be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Orosz
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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12
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Aguiar BG, Dumas C, Maaroufi H, Padmanabhan PK, Papadopoulou B. The AAA + ATPase valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97/Cdc48 interaction network in Leishmania. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13135. [PMID: 32753747 PMCID: PMC7403338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97/Cdc48 is an AAA + ATPase associated with many ubiquitin-dependent cellular pathways that are central to protein quality control. VCP binds various cofactors, which determine pathway selectivity and substrate processing. Here, we used co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry studies coupled to in silico analyses to identify the Leishmania infantum VCP (LiVCP) interactome and to predict molecular interactions between LiVCP and its major cofactors. Our data support a largely conserved VCP protein network in Leishmania including known but also novel interaction partners. Network proteomics analysis confirmed LiVCP-cofactor interactions and provided novel insights into cofactor-specific partners and the diversity of LiVCP complexes, including the well-characterized VCP-UFD1-NPL4 complex. Gene Ontology analysis coupled with digitonin fractionation and immunofluorescence studies support cofactor subcellular compartmentalization with either cytoplasmic or organellar or vacuolar localization. Furthermore, in silico models based on 3D homology modeling and protein-protein docking indicated that the conserved binding modules of LiVCP cofactors, except for NPL4, interact with specific binding sites in the hexameric LiVCP protein, similarly to their eukaryotic orthologs. Altogether, these results allowed us to build the first VCP protein interaction network in parasitic protozoa through the identification of known and novel interacting partners potentially associated with distinct VCP complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Guedes Aguiar
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, CHU de Quebec Research Center-Laval University, 2705 Laurier Blvd, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Carole Dumas
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, CHU de Quebec Research Center-Laval University, 2705 Laurier Blvd, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Halim Maaroufi
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative Et Des Systèmes (IBIS), Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Prasad K Padmanabhan
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, CHU de Quebec Research Center-Laval University, 2705 Laurier Blvd, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Barbara Papadopoulou
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, CHU de Quebec Research Center-Laval University, 2705 Laurier Blvd, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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13
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Ferreira MRS, Cleary DFR, Coelho FJRC, Gomes NCM, Huang YM, Polónia ARM, de Voogd NJ. Geographical location and habitat predict variation in prokaryotic community composition of Suberites diversicolor. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Marine lakes are unique habitats that house diverse assemblages of benthic and planktonic organisms including endemic species. In this study, we aimed to assess to what extent geographical location (Berau versus Papua) and the degree of marine lake connectivity (relatively open versus closed) to the surrounding marine environment structures the prokaryotic community composition of the sponge species Suberites diversicolor.
Methods
Sponge specimens were sampled in five marine lakes in Borneo and Papua and one open sea habitat in Taiwan.
Result
Prokaryotic communities of S. diversicolor were dominated by members assigned to the Proteobacteria (particularly Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria) and Cyanobacteria, which together made up from 78 to 87% of sequences in all samples. The dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in most samples, OTUs 1 and 3, were both assigned to the alphaproteobacterial order Rhodospirillales with OTU-1 dominant in the marine lakes of Berau and Papua and OTU-3 in Taiwan. OTU-3 was also largely absent from Papuan samples but present in all Berau samples. Compositionally, S. diversicolor samples clustered according to geographical location with the main axis of variation separating marine lake samples collected in Berau from those collected in Papua and the second axis of variation separating open sea samples collected in Taiwan from all marine lake samples. In addition, our results suggest that the degree of lake connectivity to the open sea also influences prokaryotic composition.
Conclusion
Although previous studies have shown that sponge-associated microbial communities tend to be stable across different geographical and environmental gradients, in the present study, both geography and local environmental conditions were significant predictors of variation in prokaryotic community composition of S. diversicolor.
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14
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Oláh J, Lehotzky A, Szunyogh S, Szénási T, Orosz F, Ovádi J. Microtubule-Associated Proteins with Regulatory Functions by Day and Pathological Potency at Night. Cells 2020; 9:E357. [PMID: 32033023 PMCID: PMC7072251 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensing, integrating, and coordinating features of the eukaryotic cells are achieved by the complex ultrastructural arrays and multifarious functions of the cytoskeleton, including the microtubule network. Microtubules play crucial roles achieved by their decoration with proteins/enzymes as well as by posttranslational modifications. This review focuses on the Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP/p25), a new microtubule associated protein, on its "regulatory functions by day and pathological functions at night". Physiologically, the moonlighting TPPP/p25 modulates the dynamics and stability of the microtubule network by bundling microtubules and enhancing the tubulin acetylation due to the inhibition of tubulin deacetylases. The optimal endogenous TPPP/p25 level is crucial for its physiological functions, to the differentiation of oligodendrocytes, which are the major constituents of the myelin sheath. Pathologically, TPPP/p25 forms toxic oligomers/aggregates with α-synuclein in neurons and oligodendrocytes in Parkinson's disease and Multiple System Atrophy, respectively; and their complex is a potential therapeutic drug target. TPPP/p25-derived microtubule hyperacetylation counteracts uncontrolled cell division. All these issues reveal the anti-mitotic and α-synuclein aggregation-promoting potency of TPPP/p25, consistent with the finding that Parkinson's disease patients have reduced risk for certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Judit Ovádi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.O.); (A.L.); (S.S.); (T.S.); (F.O.)
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15
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Zhu F, Yan P, Zhang J, Cui Y, Zheng M, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Yang X, Guo X, Zhu H. Deficiency of TPPP2, a factor linked to oligoasthenozoospermia, causes subfertility in male mice. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2583-2594. [PMID: 30680919 PMCID: PMC6433727 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligoasthenozoospermia is a major cause of male infertility; however, its etiology and pathogenesis are unclear and may be associated with specific gene abnormalities. This study focused on Tppp2 (tubulin polymerization promoting protein family member 2), whose encoded protein localizes in elongating spermatids at stages IV‐VIII of the seminiferous epithelial cycle in testis and in mature sperm in the epididymis. In human and mouse sperm, in vitro inhibition of TPPP2 caused significantly decreased motility and ATP content. Studies on Tppp2 knockout (KO) mice demonstrated that deletion of TPPP2 resulted in male subfertility with a significantly decreased sperm count and motility. In Tppp2−/− mice, increased irregular mitochondria lacking lamellar cristae, abnormal expression of electron transfer chain molecules, lower ATP levels, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased apoptotic index were observed in sperm, which could be the potential causes for its oligoasthenozoospermia phenotype. Moreover, we identified a potential TPPP2‐interactive protein, eEf1b (eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta), which plays an important role in protein translation extension. Thus, TPPP2 is probably a potential pathogenic factor in oligoasthenozoospermia. Deficiency of TPPP2 might affect the translation of specific proteins, altering the structure and function of sperm mitochondria, and resulting in decreased sperm count, motility and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peipei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meimei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueshuai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Orosz F. Does apicortin, a characteristic protein of apicomplexan parasites and placozoa, occur in Eumetazoa? Acta Parasitol 2018; 63:617-633. [PMID: 29975637 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2018-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Apicortin is a characteristic protein of apicomplexan parasites which has recently been identified in their free-living cousins, chromerids as well. The placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens is the only animal possessing this protein and apicortin is one of its most abundant proteins. The recently published transcriptome of the cnidarian Porites astreoides contains an apicortin-like sequence. Other cnidarians do not have it, thus it is its first occurrence not only in this phylum but also in Eumetazoa. However, its translated amino acid sequence is more similar to apicomplexan apicortins than to that of T. adhaerens, the GC ratio is much higher than either the genome-wide GC ratio of P. astreoides or that of the placozoan apicortin gene, and phylogenetic analyses suggest that this apicortin has an apicomplexan origin. Although these data might be indicative for a horizontal gene transfer event, we should be cautious to state it; it is more probable that it is a contamination from a gregarine, a marine Apicomplexa. Thus T. adhaerens remains the only animal where the presence of apicortin is proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Orosz
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Shukla V, Popli P, Kaushal JB, Gupta K, Dwivedi A. Uterine TPPP3 plays important role in embryo implantation via modulation of β-catenin†. Biol Reprod 2018; 99:982-999. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Shukla
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, UP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CDRI Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Pooja Popli
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, UP, India
| | - Jyoti Bala Kaushal
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, UP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CDRI Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Kanchan Gupta
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, UP, India
| | - Anila Dwivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, UP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CDRI Campus, Lucknow, India
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18
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Huang R, Chen M, Yang L, Wagle M, Guo S, Hu B. MicroRNA-133b Negatively Regulates Zebrafish Single Mauthner-Cell Axon Regeneration through Targeting tppp3 in Vivo. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:375. [PMID: 29209165 PMCID: PMC5702462 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration, fundamental to nerve repair, and functional recovery, relies on rapid changes in gene expression attributable to microRNA (miRNA) regulation. MiR-133b has been proved to play an important role in different organ regeneration in zebrafish, but its role in regulating axon regeneration in vivo is still controversial. Here, combining single-cell electroporation with a vector-based miRNA-expression system, we have modulated the expression of miR-133b in Mauthner-cells (M-cells) at the single-cell level in zebrafish. Through in vivo imaging, we show that overexpression of miR-133b inhibits axon regeneration, whereas down-regulation of miR-133b, promotes axon outgrowth. We further show that miR-133b regulates axon regeneration by directly targeting a novel regeneration-associated gene, tppp3, which belongs to Tubulin polymerization-promoting protein family. Gain or loss-of-function of tppp3 experiments indicated that tppp3 was a novel gene that could promote axon regeneration. In addition, we observed a reduction of mitochondrial motility, which have been identified to have a positive correlation with axon regeneration, in miR-133b overexpressed M-cells. Taken together, our work provides a novel way to study the role of miRNAs in individual cell and establishes a critical cell autonomous role of miR-133b in zebrafish M-cell axon regeneration. We propose that up-regulation of the newly founded regeneration-associated gene tppp3 may enhance axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchen Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Min Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Leiqing Yang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mahendra Wagle
- Programs in Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Su Guo
- Programs in Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bing Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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