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Uribe-Vázquez B, Díaz-Vilchis A, Avila-Linares A, Saab-Rincón G, Marín-Tovar Y, Flores H, Pastor N, Huerta-Miranda G, Rudiño-Piñera E, Soberón X. Characterization of a catalase-peroxidase variant (L333V-KatG) identified in an INH-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolate. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 37:101649. [PMID: 38318524 PMCID: PMC10839757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase (Mt-KatG) is a bifunctional heme-dependent enzyme that has been shown to activate isoniazid (INH), the widely used antibiotic against tuberculosis (TB). The L333V-KatG variant has been associated with INH resistance in clinical M. tuberculosis isolates from Mexico. To understand better the mechanisms of INH activation, its catalytic properties (catalase, peroxidase, and IN-NAD formation) and crystal structure were compared with those of the wild-type enzyme (WT-KatG). The rate of IN-NAD formation mediated by WT-KatG was 23% greater than L333V-KatG when INH concentration is varied. In contrast to WT-KatG, the crystal structure of the L333V-KatG variant has a perhydroxy modification of the indole nitrogen of W107 from MYW adduct. L333V-KatG shows most of the active site residues in a similar position to WT-KatG; only R418 is in the R-conformation instead of the double R and Y conformation present in WT-KatG. L333V-KatG shows a small displacement respect to WT-KatG in the helix from R385 to L404 towards the mutation site, an increase in length of the coordination bond between H270 and heme Fe, and a longer H-bond between proximal D381 and W321, compared to WT-KatG; these small displacements could explain the altered redox potential of the heme, and result in a less active and stable enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Uribe-Vázquez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Adelaida Díaz-Vilchis
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Aylin Avila-Linares
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Gloria Saab-Rincón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Yerli Marín-Tovar
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Humberto Flores
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Nina Pastor
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, UAEM, Avenida Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Guillermo Huerta-Miranda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Enrique Rudiño-Piñera
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Xavier Soberón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, México
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2
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Wang Y, Chen D, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Duan C, Otkur W, Chen H, Liu X, Xia T, Qi H, Piao HL, Liu HX. AQP3-mediated H 2 O 2 uptake inhibits LUAD autophagy by inactivating PTEN. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3278-3292. [PMID: 34091997 PMCID: PMC8353907 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that redox reprogramming participates in malignant transformation of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the source of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the downstream signaling regulatory mechanism are complicated and unintelligible. In the current study, we newly identified the aquaporin 3 (AQP3) as a LUAD oncogenic factor with capacity to transport exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and increase intracellular ROS levels. Subsequently, we demonstrated that AQP3 was necessary for the facilitated diffusion of exogenous H2 O2 in LUAD cells and that the AQP3-dependent transport of H2 O2 accelerated cell growth and inhibited rapamycin-induced autophagy. Mechanistically, AQP3-mediated H2 O2 uptake increased intracellular ROS levels to inactivate PTEN and activate the AKT/mTOR pathway to subsequently inhibit autophagy and promote proliferation in LUAD cells. Finally, we suggested that AQP3 depletion retarded subcutaneous tumorigenesis in vivo and simultaneously decreased ROS levels and promoted autophagy. These findings underscore the importance of AQP3-induced oxidative stress in malignant transformation and suggest a therapeutic target for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Di Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Wuxiyar Otkur
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Huan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Tian Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Huan Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Hai-Long Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Xu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
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3
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Gómez S, Navas-Yuste S, Payne AM, Rivera W, López-Estepa M, Brangbour C, Fullà D, Juanhuix J, Fernández FJ, Vega MC. Peroxisomal catalases from the yeasts Pichia pastoris and Kluyveromyces lactis as models for oxidative damage in higher eukaryotes. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:279-290. [PMID: 31238127 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Catalases are among the main scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) present in the peroxisome, thereby preventing oxidative cellular and tissular damage. In human, multiple diseases are associated with malfunction of these organelles, which causes accumulation of ROS species and consequently the inefficient detoxification of cells. Despite intense research, much remains to be clarified about the precise molecular role of catalase in cellular homeostasis. Yeast peroxisomes and their peroxisomal catalases have been used as eukaryotic models for oxidative metabolism, ROS generation and detoxification, and associated pathologies. In order to provide reliable models for oxidative metabolism research, we have determined the high-resolution crystal structures of peroxisomal catalase from two important biotechnology and basic biology yeast models, Pichia pastoris and Kluyveromyces lactis. We have performed an extensive functional, biochemical and stability characterization of both enzymes in order to establish their differential activity profiles. Furthermore, we have analyzed the role of the peroxisomal catalase under study in the survival of yeast to oxidative burst challenges combining methanol, water peroxide, and sodium chloride. Interestingly, whereas catalase activity was induced 200-fold upon challenging the methylotrophic P. pastoris cells with methanol, the increase in catalase activity in the non-methylotrophic K. lactis was only moderate. The inhibitory effect of sodium azide and β-mercaptoethanol over both catalases was analyzed, establishing IC50 values for both compounds that are consistent with an elevated resistance of both enzymes toward these inhibitors. Structural comparison of these two novel catalase structures allows us to rationalize the differential susceptibility to inhibitors and oxidative bursts. The inherent worth and validity of the P. pastoris and K. lactis yeast models for oxidative damage will be strengthened by the availability of reliable structural-functional information on these enzymes, which are central to our understanding of peroxisomal response toward oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gómez
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Navas-Yuste
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Asia M Payne
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Wilmaris Rivera
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Estepa
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clotilde Brangbour
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco J Fernández
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Cristina Vega
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Zhang MK, Tang J, Huang ZQ, Hu KD, Li YH, Han Z, Chen XY, Hu LY, Yao GF, Zhang H. Reduction of Aspergillus niger Virulence in Apple Fruits by Deletion of the Catalase Gene cpeB. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5401-5409. [PMID: 29745230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger, a common saprophytic fungus, causes rot in many fruits. We studied the role of a putative catalase-peroxidase-encoding gene, cpeB, in oxidative stress and virulence in fruit. The cpeB gene was deleted in A. niger by homologous recombination, and the Δ cpeB mutant showed decreased CAT activity compared with that of the wild type. The cpeB gene deletion caused increased sensitivity to H2O2 stress, and spore germination was significantly reduced; in addition, the reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) metabolites superoxide anions (·O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulated in the Δ cpeB mutant during H2O2 stress. Furthermore, ROS metabolism in A. niger infected apples was determined, and our results showed that the Δ cpeB mutant induced an attenuated response in apple fruit during the fruit-pathogen interaction; the cpeB gene deletion significantly reduced the development of lesions, suggesting that the cpeB gene in A. niger is essential for full virulence in apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ke Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Jun Tang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province , Xuzhou 221131 , China
| | - Zhong-Qin Huang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province , Xuzhou 221131 , China
| | - Kang-Di Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Zhuo Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Lan-Ying Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Gai-Fang Yao
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
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5
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Wang B, Fita I, Rovira C. Theory Uncovers the Role of the Methionine-Tyrosine-Tryptophan Radical Adduct in the Catalase Reaction of KatGs: O2
Release Mediated by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. Chemistry 2018; 24:5388-5395. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binju Wang
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, (secció de Química Orgànica) &, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB); Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ignacio Fita
- Instituto de Biología Molecular (IBMB-CSIC) and; Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence. Barcelona Science Park; Baldiri i Reixac 10. 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, (secció de Química Orgànica) &, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB); Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA); Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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6
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Santacruz-Gomez K, Sarabia-Sainz A, Acosta-Elias M, Sarabia-Sainz M, Janetanakit W, Khosla N, Melendrez R, Montero MP, Lal R. Antioxidant activity of hydrated carboxylated nanodiamonds and its influence on water γ-radiolysis. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:125707. [PMID: 29337289 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaa80e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water radiolysis involves chemical decomposition of the water molecule into free radicals after exposure to ionizing radiation. These free radicals have deleterious effects on normal cell physiology. Carboxylated nanodiamonds (cNDs) appear to modulate the deleterious effects of γ-irradiation on the pathophysiology of red blood cells (RBCs). In the present work, the antioxidant activity of hydrated cNDs (h-cNDs) on limiting oxidative damage (the water radiolysis effect) by γ-irradiation was confirmed. Our results show that h-cNDs have remarkable free radical scavenging ability and preserve the enzymatic activity of catalase after γ-irradiation. The underlying mechanism through which nanodiamonds exhibit antioxidant activity appears to depend on their colloidal stability. This property of detonation synthesized nanodiamonds is improved after carboxylation, which in turn influences changes in the hydrogen bond strength in water. The observed stability of h-cNDs in water and their antioxidant activity correlates with their protective effect on RBCs against γ-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Santacruz-Gomez
- Physics Department. Universidad de Sonora. Blvd Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, PO Box 1626, CP 8300. Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Materials Science Program, and Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
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7
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Sepasi Tehrani H, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Catalase and its mysteries. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29530789 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catalase is one of the firsts in every realm of biological sciences. At the same time it also has a number of unusual features. It has one of the highest turnover numbers of all enzymes. It is essential for neutralizing the noxious hydrogen peroxide both in the nature and the various industries such as dairy, textile and pharmaceutics. It also has the merit of being one of the first protein crystals to be isolated. Ironically its three-dimensional structure was discerned some forty years later. However through the times this senile enzyme has continued to intrigue the scientists by surprising facts and phenomena, such as peculiar interweaving of subunits and remarkable thermal stability. It is also known for suicide inactivation by its own substrate. Catalase is known to be implicated in various medical scenarios and its levels have served as a marker in that capacity. It has even been incorporated into several pharmaceuticals. This review strives to clarify these perspectives. It also draws attention to the biophysical contributions offered by thermodynamics and kinetics in these discoveries. The ultimate aim of this review, however, is to state that the venerable catalase will continue to bewilder us with its mysteries well into the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessam Sepasi Tehrani
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Vega-García V, Díaz-Vilchis A, Saucedo-Vázquez JP, Solano-Peralta A, Rudiño-Piñera E, Hansberg W. Structure, kinetics, molecular and redox properties of a cytosolic and developmentally regulated fungal catalase-peroxidase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 640:17-26. [PMID: 29305053 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CAT-2, a cytosolic catalase-peroxidase (CP) from Neurospora crassa, which is induced during asexual spore formation, was heterologously expressed and characterized. CAT-2 had the Met-Tyr-Trp (M-Y-W) adduct required for catalase activity. Its KM for H2O2 was micromolar for peroxidase and millimolar for catalase activity. A Em = -158 mV reduction potential value was obtained and the Soret band shift suggested a mixture of low and high spin ferric iron. CAT-2 EPR spectrum at 10 K indicated an axial and a rhombic component. With peroxyacetic acid (PAA), formation of Compound I* was observed with EPR. CAT-2 homodimer crystallographic structure contained two K+ ions; Glu107 residues were displaced to bind them. CAT-2 showed the essential amino acid residues for activity in similar positions to other CPs. CAT-2 Arg426 is oriented towards the M-Y-W adduct, interacting with the deprotonated Tyr238 hydroxyl group. A perhydroxy modification of the indole nitrogen of Trp90 was oriented toward the catalytic His91. In contrast to cytochrome c peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase, the catalase-peroxidase heme propionates are not exposed to the solvent. Together with other N. crassa enzymes that utilize H2O2 as a substrate, CAT-2 has many tryptophan and proline residues at its surface, probably related to H2O2 selection in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Vega-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Adelaida Díaz-Vilchis
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Saucedo-Vázquez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Solano-Peralta
- Unidad de Servicios de Apoyo a la Investigación y a la Industria, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Enrique Rudiño-Piñera
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Wilhelm Hansberg
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Mexico.
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9
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Vila-Viçosa D, Victor BL, Ramos J, Machado D, Viveiros M, Switala J, Loewen PC, Leitão R, Martins F, Machuqueiro M. Insights on the Mechanism of Action of INH-C 10 as an Antitubercular Prodrug. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4597-4605. [PMID: 29091448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains one of the top causes of death worldwide, and combating its spread has been severely complicated by the emergence of drug-resistance mutations, highlighting the need for more effective drugs. Despite the resistance to isoniazid (INH) arising from mutations in the katG gene encoding the catalase-peroxidase KatG, most notably the S315T mutation, this compound is still one of the most powerful first-line antitubercular drugs, suggesting further pursuit of the development of tailored INH derivatives. The N'-acylated INH derivative with a long alkyl chain (INH-C10) has been shown to be more effective than INH against the S315T variant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the molecular details of this activity enhancement are still unknown. In this work, we show that INH N'-acylation significantly reduces the rate of production of both isonicotinoyl radical and isonicotinyl-NAD by wild type KatG, but not by the S315T variant of KatG mirroring the in vivo effectiveness of the compound. Restrained and unrestrained MD simulations of INH and its derivatives at the water/membrane interface were performed and showed a higher preference of INH-C10 for the lipidic phase combined with a significantly higher membrane permeability rate (27.9 cm s-1), compared with INH-C2 or INH (3.8 and 1.3 cm s-1, respectively). Thus, we propose that INH-C10 is able to exhibit better minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against certain variants because of its better ability to permeate through the lipid membrane, enhancing its availability inside the cell. MIC values of INH and INH-C10 against two additional KatG mutations (S315N and D735A) revealed that some KatG variants are able to process INH faster than INH-C10 into an effective antitubercular form (wt and S315N), while others show similar reaction rates (S315T and D735A). Altogether, our results highlight the potential of increased INH lipophilicity for treating INH-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Vila-Viçosa
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa , 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno L Victor
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa , 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Ramos
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Machado
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jacek Switala
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Peter C Loewen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ruben Leitão
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa , 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.,Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1, 1959-007, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filomena Martins
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa , 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Machuqueiro
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa , 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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