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Li B, Yuan D, Chen H, Wang X, Liang Y, Wong CTT, Xia J. Site-selective antibody-lipid conjugates for surface functionalization of red blood cells and targeted drug delivery. J Control Release 2024; 370:302-309. [PMID: 38663752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Displaying antibodies on carrier surfaces facilitates precise targeting and delivery of drugs to diseased cells. Here, we report the synthesis of antibody-lipid conjugates (ALCs) through site-selective acetylation of Lys 248 in human Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the development of antibody-functionalized red blood cells (immunoRBC) for targeted drug delivery. ImmunoRBC with the HER2-selective antibody trastuzumab displayed on the surface (called Tras-RBC) was constructed following a three-step procedure. First, a peptide-guided, proximity-induced reaction transferred an azidoacetyl group to the ε-amino group of Lys 248 in the Fc domain. Second, the azide-modified IgG was subsequently conjugated with dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-functionalized lipids via strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) to result in ALCs. Third, the lipid portion of ALCs was then inserted into the cell membranes, and IgGs were displayed on red blood cells (RBCs) to construct immunoRBCs. We then loaded Tras-RBC with a photosensitizer (PS), Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), to selectively target HER2-overexpressing cells, release ZnPc into cancer cells following photolysis, and induce photodynamic cytotoxicity in the cancer cells. This work showcases assembling immunoRBCs following site-selective lipid conjugation on therapeutic antibodies and the targeted introduction of PS into cancer cells. This method could apply to the surface functionalization of other membrane-bound vesicles or lipid nanoparticles for antibody-directed drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biquan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dingdong Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongfei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Clarence T T Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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2
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Liu M, Wu C, Wang R, Qiu J, She Z, Qu J, Xia J. Modulating Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Nck Adaptor Protein against Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2358-2368. [PMID: 38161366 PMCID: PMC10755736 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Signaling proteins often form biomolecular condensates through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) during intracellular signal transduction. Modulating the LLPS property of intracellular protein condensates will redirect intracellular signals and provide a potential way to regulate cellular physiology. Phosphorylation of multiple tyrosine residues of the transmembrane receptor nephrin is known to drive the LLPS of the adaptor protein Nck and neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (N-WASP) and form the Nck signaling complex. Phosphorylation of the translocated intimin receptor (Tir) in the host cell may recruit this enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) virulence factor to the Nck signaling complex and lead to the entry of EPEC into the intestine cell. In this work, we first identified a phosphotyrosine (pY)-containing peptide 3pY based on the sequence similarity of nephrin and Tir; 3pY promoted the LLPS of Nck and N-WASP, mimicking the role of phosphorylated nephrin. Next, we designed a covalent blocker of Nck, peptide p1 based on the selected pY peptides, which site-selectively reacted with the SH2 domain of Nck (Nck-SH2) at Lys331 through a proximity-induced reaction. The covalent reaction of p1 with Nck blocked the protein binding site of Nck-SH2 and disintegrated the 3pY/Nck/N-WASP condensates. In the presence of membrane-translocating peptide L17E, p1 entered Caco-2 cells in the cytosol, reduced the number of Nck puncta, and rendered Caco-2 cells resistant to EPEC infection. Site-selective covalent blockage of Nck thereby disintegrates intracellular Nck condensates, inhibits actin reorganization, and shuts down the entrance pathway of EPEC. This work showcases the promotion or inhibition of protein phase separation by synthetic peptides and the use of reactive peptides as LLPS disruptors and signal modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chunjian Wu
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Pingshan
Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Jiaming Qiu
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhentao She
- Departments
of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Center of Systems Biology
and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianan Qu
- Departments
of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Center of Systems Biology
and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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3
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Wang R, Bao Y, Xia J. Exploring the Binding Interaction Between Phosphotyrosine Peptides and SH2 Domains by Proximal Crosslinking. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2705:255-267. [PMID: 37668979 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3393-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Proximal crosslinking refers to the site-specific conjugation reaction between a synthetic ligand with a bioorthogonal reactive group incorporated at a particular site and a protein of interest (POI). The binding interaction positions a reactive group of a native amino acid of the POI to the proximity of the reactive group in the ligand. The covalent conjugation increases the molecular weight of the POI, shows an upshift in the polyacrylamide gel, and gives a fluorescent band if the ligand is fluorescently labeled. Here, we summarize a method to covalently conjugate phosphotyrosine peptides and SH2 domains that contain cysteine residues. This method yields covalent peptide blockers for a set of SH2 proteins and elucidates the binding interaction between phosphotyrosine peptides and SH2 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yishu Bao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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4
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Yuan D, Zhang Y, Lim KH, Leung SKP, Yang X, Liang Y, Lau WCY, Chow KT, Xia J. Site-Selective Lysine Acetylation of Human Immunoglobulin G for Immunoliposomes and Bispecific Antibody Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18494-18503. [PMID: 36167521 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Site-selective acetylation of a single lysine residue in a protein that reaches a lysine acetyltransferase's accuracy, precision, and reliability is challenging. Here, we report a peptide-guided, proximity-driven group transfer reaction that acetylates a single lysine residue, Lys 248, of the fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) in the heavy chain of the human Immunoglobulin G (IgG). An Fc-interacting peptide bound with the Fc domain and positioned a phenolic ester close to Lys 248, which induced a nucleophilic reaction and resulted in the transfer of an acetyl group to Lys 248. The acetylation reaction proceeded to a decent yield under the physiological condition without the need for deglycosylation, unnatural amino acids, or catalysts. Along with acetylation, functional moieties such as azide, alkyne, fluorescent molecules, or biotin could also be site-selectively installed on Lys 248, allowing IgG's further derivatization. We then synthesized an antibody-lipid conjugate and constructed antibody-conjugated liposomes (immunoliposomes), targeting HER2-positive (HER2+) cancer cells. We also built a bispecific antibody complex (bsAbC) covalently linking an anti-HER2 antibody and an anti-CD3 antibody. The bsAbC showed in vitro effector-cell-mediated cytotoxicity at nanomolar concentrations. Compared with bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), bsAbCs are constructed based on native IgGs and contain two antigen-binding sites to each antigen, twice that of bsAbs. Altogether, this work reports a method of site-selective acetylation of native antibodies, highlights a facile way of site-selective IgG functionalization, and underscores the potential of bsAbCs in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingdong Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - King Hoo Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Stephen King Pong Leung
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xizi Yang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Wilson Chun Yu Lau
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Kwan T Chow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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5
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Makukhin N, Ciulli A. Recent advances in synthetic and medicinal chemistry of phosphotyrosine and phosphonate-based phosphotyrosine analogues. RSC Med Chem 2020; 12:8-23. [PMID: 34041480 PMCID: PMC8130623 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00272k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphotyrosine-containing compounds attract significant attention due to their potential to modulate signalling pathways by binding to phospho-writers, erasers and readers such as SH2 and PTB domain containing proteins. Phosphotyrosine derivatives provide useful chemical tools to study protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, and as such represent attractive starting points for the development of binding ligands and chemical probes to study biology, and for inhibitor and degrader drug design. To overcome enzymatic lability of the phosphate group, physiologically stable phosphonate-based phosphotyrosine analogues find utility in a wide range of applications. This review covers advances over the last decade in the design of phosphotyrosine and its phosphonate-based derivatives, highlights the improved and expanded synthetic toolbox, and illustrates applications in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Makukhin
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee Dow Street DD1 5EH Dundee UK
| | - Alessio Ciulli
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee Dow Street DD1 5EH Dundee UK
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6
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Marasco M, Carlomagno T. Specificity and regulation of phosphotyrosine signaling through SH2 domains. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY-X 2020; 4:100026. [PMID: 32647828 PMCID: PMC7337045 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2020.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Phosphotyrosine (pY) signaling is instrumental to numerous cellular processes. pY recognition occurs through specialized protein modules, among which the Src-homology 2 (SH2) domain is the most common. SH2 domains are small protein modules with an invariant fold, and are present in more than a hundred proteins with different function. Here we ask the question of how such a structurally conserved, small protein domain can recognize distinct phosphopeptides with the breath of binding affinity, specificity and kinetic parameters necessary for proper control of pY-dependent signaling and rapid cellular response. We review the current knowledge on structure, thermodynamics and kinetics of SH2-phosphopeptide complexes and conclude that selective phosphopeptide recognition is governed by both structure and dynamics of the SH2 domain, as well as by the kinetics of the binding events. Further studies on the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of SH2-phosphopeptide complexes, beyond their structure, are required to understand signaling regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Marasco
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre for Biomolecular Drug Research, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Teresa Carlomagno
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre for Biomolecular Drug Research, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Group of Structural Chemistry, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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7
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Balasuriya N, Davey NE, Johnson JL, Liu H, Biggar KK, Cantley LC, Li SSC, O'Donoghue P. Phosphorylation-dependent substrate selectivity of protein kinase B (AKT1). J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8120-8134. [PMID: 32350110 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase B (AKT1) is a central node in a signaling pathway that regulates cell survival. The diverse pathways regulated by AKT1 are communicated in the cell via the phosphorylation of perhaps more than 100 cellular substrates. AKT1 is itself activated by phosphorylation at Thr-308 and Ser-473. Despite the fact that these phosphorylation sites are biomarkers for cancers and tumor biology, their individual roles in shaping AKT1 substrate selectivity are unknown. We recently developed a method to produce AKT1 with programmed phosphorylation at either or both of its key regulatory sites. Here, we used both defined and randomized peptide libraries to map the substrate selectivity of site-specific, singly and doubly phosphorylated AKT1 variants. To globally quantitate AKT1 substrate preferences, we synthesized three AKT1 substrate peptide libraries: one based on 84 "known" substrates and two independent and larger oriented peptide array libraries (OPALs) of ∼1011 peptides each. We found that each phospho-form of AKT1 has common and distinct substrate requirements. Compared with pAKT1T308, the addition of Ser-473 phosphorylation increased AKT1 activities on some, but not all of its substrates. This is the first report that Ser-473 phosphorylation can positively or negatively regulate kinase activity in a substrate-dependent fashion. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the OPAL-activity data effectively discriminate known AKT1 substrates from closely related kinase substrates. Our results also enabled predictions of novel AKT1 substrates that suggest new and expanded roles for AKT1 signaling in regulating cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nileeka Balasuriya
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norman E Davey
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jared L Johnson
- Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States
| | - Huadong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Kyle K Biggar
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States
| | - Shawn Shun-Cheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick O'Donoghue
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada .,Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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