1
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Heath SG, Gray SG, Hamzah EM, O'Connor KM, Bozonet SM, Botha AD, de Cordovez P, Magon NJ, Naughton JD, Goldsmith DLW, Schwartfeger AJ, Sunde M, Buell AK, Morris VK, Göbl C. Amyloid formation and depolymerization of tumor suppressor p16 INK4a are regulated by a thiol-dependent redox mechanism. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5535. [PMID: 38951545 PMCID: PMC11217399 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The conversion of a soluble protein into polymeric amyloid structures is a process that is poorly understood. Here, we describe a fully redox-regulated amyloid system in which cysteine oxidation of the tumor suppressor protein p16INK4a leads to rapid amyloid formation. We identify a partially-structured disulfide-bonded dimeric intermediate species that subsequently assembles into fibrils. The stable amyloid structures disassemble when the disulfide bond is reduced. p16INK4a is frequently mutated in cancers and is considered highly vulnerable to single-point mutations. We find that multiple cancer-related mutations show increased amyloid formation propensity whereas mutations stabilizing the fold prevent transition into amyloid. The complex transition into amyloids and their structural stability is therefore strictly governed by redox reactions and a single regulatory disulfide bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G Heath
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Shelby G Gray
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Emilie M Hamzah
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Karina M O'Connor
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie M Bozonet
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Alex D Botha
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Pierre de Cordovez
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Magon
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer D Naughton
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Dylan L W Goldsmith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Margaret Sunde
- School of Medical Sciences and Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexander K Buell
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vanessa K Morris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Christoph Göbl
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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2
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Zhang X, Yuan L, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Li C, Wu M, Huang Y. Liquid-liquid phase separation in diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e640. [PMID: 39006762 PMCID: PMC11245632 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), an emerging biophysical phenomenon, can sequester molecules to implement physiological and pathological functions. LLPS implements the assembly of numerous membraneless chambers, including stress granules and P-bodies, containing RNA and protein. RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions play a critical role in LLPS. Scaffolding proteins, through multivalent interactions and external factors, support protein-RNA interaction networks to form condensates involved in a variety of diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Modulating LLPS phenomenon in multiple pathogenic proteins for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer could present a promising direction, though recent advances in this area are limited. Here, we summarize in detail the complexity of LLPS in constructing signaling pathways and highlight the role of LLPS in neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. We also explore RNA modifications on LLPS to alter diseases progression because these modifications can influence LLPS of certain proteins or the formation of stress granules, and discuss the possibility of proper manipulation of LLPS process to restore cellular homeostasis or develop therapeutic drugs for the eradication of diseases. This review attempts to discuss potential therapeutic opportunities by elaborating on the connection between LLPS, RNA modification, and their roles in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Laboratory of Research in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders Health Sciences Institute China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Wanlu Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Chunting Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
| | - Min Wu
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Zhejiang China
- The Joint Research Center Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Ningbo China
| | - Yongye Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
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3
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Naeimzadeh Y, Tajbakhsh A, Fallahi J. Understanding the prion-like behavior of mutant p53 proteins in triple-negative breast cancer pathogenesis: The current therapeutic strategies and future directions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26260. [PMID: 38390040 PMCID: PMC10881377 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is viewed as a significant public health issue and is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive subtype that predominantly affects young premenopausal women. The tumor suppressor p53 playsa vital role in the cellular response to DNA damage, and its loss or mutations are commonly present in many cancers, including BC. Recent evidence suggests that mutant p53 proteins can aggregate and form prion-like structures, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of different types of malignancies, such as BC. This review provides an overview of BC molecular subtypes, the epidemiology of TNBC, and the role of p53 in BC development. We also discuss the potential implications of prion-like aggregation in BC and highlight future research directions. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of the current therapeutic approaches targeting p53 aggregates in BC treatment is presented. Strategies including small molecules, chaperone inhibitors, immunotherapy, CRISPR-Cas9, and siRNA are discussed, along with their potential benefits and drawbacks. The use of these approaches to inhibit p53 aggregation and degradation represents a promising target for cancer therapy. Future investigations into the efficacy of these approaches against various p53 mutations or binding to non-p53 proteins should be conducted to develop more effective and personalized therapies for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Naeimzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7133654361, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jafar Fallahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7133654361, Iran
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4
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Sengupta S, Singh N, Paul A, Datta D, Chatterjee D, Mukherjee S, Gadhe L, Devi J, Mahesh Y, Jolly MK, Maji SK. p53 amyloid pathology is correlated with higher cancer grade irrespective of the mutant or wild-type form. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261017. [PMID: 37622400 PMCID: PMC7615089 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 (also known as TP53) mutation and amyloid formation are long associated with cancer pathogenesis; however, the direct demonstration of the link between p53 amyloid load and cancer progression is lacking. Using multi-disciplinary techniques and 59 tissues (53 oral and stomach cancer tumor tissue samples from Indian individuals with cancer and six non-cancer oral and stomach tissue samples), we showed that p53 amyloid load and cancer grades are highly correlated. Furthermore, next-generation sequencing (NGS) data suggest that not only mutant p53 (e.g. single-nucleotide variants, deletions, and insertions) but wild-type p53 also formed amyloids either in the nucleus (50%) and/or in the cytoplasm in most cancer tissues. Interestingly, in all these cancer tissues, p53 displays a loss of DNA-binding and transcriptional activities, suggesting that the level of amyloid load correlates with the degree of loss and an increase in cancer grades. The p53 amyloids also sequester higher amounts of the related p63 and p73 (also known as TP63 and TP73, respectively) protein in higher-grade tumor tissues. The data suggest p53 misfolding and/or aggregation, and subsequent amyloid formation, lead to loss of the tumor-suppressive function and the gain of oncogenic function, aggravation of which might determine the cancer grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjinee Sengupta
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ajoy Paul
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debalina Datta
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debdeep Chatterjee
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Semanti Mukherjee
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Laxmikant Gadhe
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jyoti Devi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Yeshwanth Mahesh
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Samir K. Maji
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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5
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Comment on Billant et al. p53, A Victim of the Prion Fashion. Cancers 2021, 13, 269. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15010309. [PMID: 36612305 PMCID: PMC9818150 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is a central protein in the fight against cancer [...].
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6
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Paz MM, Ferretti GDS, Martins-Dinis MMC, Ferreira BIS, Faier-Pereira A, Barnoud T, Moreira OC, Silva JL, Cordeiro Y, Rangel LP. PRIMA-1 inhibits Y220C p53 amyloid aggregation and synergizes with cisplatin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1165132. [PMID: 37101558 PMCID: PMC10123287 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1165132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although many therapeutic options are available, several factors, including the presence of p53 mutations, impact tumor development and therapeutic resistance. TP53 is the second most frequently mutated gene in HCC, comprising more than 30% of cases. Mutations in p53 result in the formation of amyloid aggregates that promote tumor progression. The use of PRIMA-1, a small molecule capable of restoring p53, is a therapeutic strategy to pharmacologically target the amyloid state mutant p53. In this study, we characterize an HCC mutant p53 model for the study of p53 amyloid aggregation in HCC cell lines, from in silico analysis of p53 mutants to a 3D-cell culture model and demonstrate the unprecedented inhibition of Y220C mutant p53 aggregation by PRIMA-1. In addition, our data show beneficial effects of PRIMA-1 in several "gain of function" properties of mutant-p53 cancer cells, including migration, adhesion, proliferation, and drug resistance. We also demonstrate that the combination of PRIMA-1 and cisplatin is a promising approach for HCC therapy. Taken together, our data support the premise that targeting the amyloid-state of mutant p53 may be an attractive therapeutic approach for HCC, and highlight PRIMA-1 as a new candidate for combination therapy with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M. Paz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giulia D. S. Ferretti
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Mafalda M. C. Martins-Dinis
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz I. S. Ferreira
- Real Time PCR Platform RPT09A, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda Faier-Pereira
- Real Time PCR Platform RPT09A, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thibaut Barnoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Otacilio C. Moreira
- Real Time PCR Platform RPT09A, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jerson L. Silva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yraima Cordeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana P. Rangel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Luciana P. Rangel,
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7
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The chameleonic behavior of p53 in health and disease: the transition from a client to an aberrant condensate scaffold in cancer. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:1023-1033. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In 1972, the Weber statement, “The multiplicity of interactions and the variety of effects that follow from them show that multimer proteins are unlikely to be limited to a minimal number of allowed conformations,” first addressed the dynamic nature of proteins. This idea serves as a foundation for understanding why several macromolecules, such as p53, exhibit the properties of a molecular chameleon. Functionally competent states comprise a myriad of p53 three-dimensional arrangements depending on the stimuli. For instance, the interaction of p53 with nuclear components could induce liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) and the formation of membraneless organelles. The functional or deleterious role of p53 in liquid droplets is still unclear. Functional aspects display p53 interconverting between droplets and tetramer with its functional abilities maintained. In contrast, the aberrant phase separation is likely to fuel the aggregation path, usually associated with the onset and progression of age-related neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Here, we gathered the most relevant aspects that lead p53 to phase separation and the resulting structural effects, attempting to understand p53’s functional and disease-relevant processes. Aberrant phase separation and aggregation of mutant p53 have become important therapeutic targets against cancer.
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8
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Lei J, Li X, Cai M, Guo T, Lin D, Deng X, Li Y. Insights into Allosteric Mechanisms of the Lung-Enriched p53 Mutants V157F and R158L. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710100. [PMID: 36077492 PMCID: PMC9456101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading fatal malignancy in humans. p53 mutants exhibit not only loss of tumor suppressor capability but also oncogenic gain-of-function, contributing to lung cancer initiation, progression and therapeutic resistance. Research shows that p53 mutants V157F and R158L occur with high frequency in lung squamous cell carcinomas. Revealing their conformational dynamics is critical for developing novel lung therapies. Here, we used all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the effect of V157F and R158L substitutions on the structural properties of the p53 core domain (p53C). Compared to wild-type (WT) p53C, both V157F and R158L mutants display slightly lesser β-sheet structure, larger radius of gyration, larger volume and larger exposed surface area, showing aggregation-prone structural characteristics. The aggregation-prone fragments (residues 249–267 and 268–282) of two mutants are more exposed to water solution than that of WT p53C. V157F and R158L mutation sites can affect the conformation switch of loop 1 through long-range associations. Simulations also reveal that the local structure and conformation around the V157F and R158L mutation sites are in a dynamic equilibrium between the misfolded and properly folded conformations. These results provide molecular mechanistic insights into allosteric mechanisms of the lung-enriched p53 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Lei
- Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue 999, Nanchang 330031, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xuanyao Li
- Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue 999, Nanchang 330031, China
- Department of Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue 999, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Mengqiang Cai
- Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue 999, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Tianjing Guo
- Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue 999, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Dongdong Lin
- Department of Physics and Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaohua Deng
- Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue 999, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue 999, Nanchang 330031, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Y.L.)
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9
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Interdiction in the Early Folding of the p53 DNA-Binding Domain Leads to Its Amyloid-Like Misfolding. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154810. [PMID: 35956758 PMCID: PMC9370011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we investigate two issues: (a) the initial contact formation events along the folding pathway of the DNA-binding domain of the tumor suppressor protein p53 (core p53); and (b) the intermolecular events leading to its conversion into a prion-like form upon incubation with peptide P8(250-257). In the case of (a), the calculations employ the sequential collapse model (SCM) to identify the segments involved in the initial contact formation events that nucleate the folding pathway. The model predicts that there are several possible initial non-local contacts of comparative stability. The most stable of these possible initial contacts involve the protein segments 159AMAIY163 and 251ILTII255, and it is the only native-like contact. Thus, it is predicted to constitute “Nature’s shortcut” to the native structure of the core domain of p53. In the case of issue (b), these findings are then combined with experimental evidence showing that the incubation of the core domain of p53 with peptide P8(250-257), which is equivalent to the native protein segment 250PILTIITL257, leads to an amyloid conformational transition. It is explained how the SCM predicts that P8(250-257) effectively interdicts in the formation of the most stable possible initial contact and, thereby, disrupts the subsequent normal folding. Interdiction by polymeric P8(250-257) seeds is also studied. It is then hypothesized that enhanced folding through one or several of the less stable contacts could play a role in P8(250-257)-promoted core p53 amyloid misfolding. These findings are compared to previous results obtained for the prion protein. Experiments are proposed to test the hypothesis presented regarding core p53 amyloid misfolding.
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10
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Iwahashi N, Ikezaki M, Komohara Y, Fujiwara Y, Noguchi T, Nishioka K, Sakai K, Nishio K, Ueda M, Ihara Y, Uchimura K, Ino K, Nishitsuji K. Cytoplasmic p53 aggregates accumulated in p53-mutated cancer correlate with poor prognosis. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac128. [PMID: 36741442 PMCID: PMC9896898 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that aggregates of mutant p53 proteins may propagate and impair normal p53 functioning in recipient cells. Our previous study showed that cancer cell-derived p53 aggregates that cells internalized interfered with p53-dependent apoptosis in recipient cells. However, involvement of p53 aggregate propagation in cancer pathology has not been fully elucidated. Here, we screened patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, which is characterized by an extremely high frequency of TP53 gene mutations, to show that patients with cytoplasmic p53 deposits have a poor prognosis compared with patients with complete p53 absence or strong nuclear p53 positivity. Cytoplasmic p53 in the patients with poor prognosis consisted of protein aggregates, which suggests that p53 aggregates are oncogenic drivers. Indeed, an inhibitor of p53 aggregation restored cellular apoptosis, a proper p53 function, in p53 aggregate-bearing patient-derived tumor organoids. In cell-based assays, endogenous and exogenous mutant p53 aggregates hindered chemotherapeutic activity of cisplatin, which depends on normal p53 functions. This inhibition was reduced by blocking p53 aggregation or internalization of p53 aggregates. Our study, thus indicates the involvement of p53 aggregate transmission in poor prognosis and in chemotherapy resistance in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tomoko Noguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kaho Nishioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshito Ihara
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 CNRS, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Kazuhiko Ino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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11
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Navalkar A, Paul A, Sakunthala A, Pandey S, Dey AK, Saha S, Sahoo S, Jolly MK, Maiti TK, Maji SK. Oncogenic gain of function due to p53 amyloids by aberrant alteration of cell cycle and proliferation. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276165. [PMID: 35796018 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor p53 has been shown to aggregate into cytoplasmic/nuclear inclusions, compromising its native tumor suppressive functions. Recently, p53 is shown to form amyloids, which play a role in conferring cancerous properties to cells leading to tumorigenesis. However, the exact pathways involved in p53 amyloid-mediated cellular transformations are unknown. Here, using an in cellulo model of full-length p53 amyloid formation, we demonstrate the mechanism of loss of p53 tumor-suppressive function with concomitant oncogenic gain-of functions. Global gene expression profiling of cells suggests that p53 amyloid formation dysregulates the genes associated with cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence along with major signaling pathways. This is further supported by the proteome analysis, showing a significant alteration in levels of p53 target proteins and enhanced metabolism, which enables the survival of cells. Our data indicate that specifically targeting the key molecules in pathways affected by p53 amyloid formation such as cyclin-dependent kinase-1, leads to loss of oncogenic phenotype and induces apoptosis of cells. Overall, our work establishes the mechanism of the transformation of cells due to p53 amyloids leading to cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambuja Navalkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Ajoy Paul
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Arunima Sakunthala
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Satyaprakash Pandey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dey
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Sandhini Saha
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Sarthak Sahoo
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering (BSSE), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Mohit K Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering (BSSE), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Tushar K Maiti
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Samir K Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
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He SY, Li YC, Wang Y, Peng HL, Zhou CL, Zhang CM, Chen SL, Yin JF, Lin M. Fecal gene detection based on next generation sequencing for colorectal cancer diagnosis. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:2920-2936. [PMID: 35978873 PMCID: PMC9280739 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i25.2920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Given its insidious onset, the condition often already progresses to advanced stage when symptoms occur. Thus, early diagnosis is of great significance for timely clinical intervention, efficacy enhancement, and prognostic improvement. Featuring high throughput, fastness, and rich information, next generation sequencing (NGS) can greatly shorten the detection time, which is a widely used detection technique at present.
AIM To screen specific genes or gene combinations in fecal DNA that are suitable for diagnosis and prognostic prediction of CRC, and to establish a technological platform for CRC screening, diagnosis, and efficacy monitoring through fecal DNA detection.
METHODS NGS was used to sequence the stool DNA of patients with CRC, which were then compared with the genetic testing results of the stool samples of normal controls and patients with benign intestinal disease, as well as the tumor tissues of CRC patients. Specific genes or gene combinations in fecal DNA suitable for diagnosis and prognostic prediction of CRC were screened, and their significances in diagnosing CRC and predicting patients' prognosis were comprehensively evaluated.
RESULTS High mutation frequencies of TP53, APC, and KRAS were detected in the stools and tumor tissues of CRC patients prior to surgery. Contrastively, no pathogenic mutations of the above three genes were noted in the postoperative stools, the normal controls, or the benign intestinal disease group. This indicates that tumor-specific DNA was detectable in the preoperative stools of CRC patients. The preoperative fecal expression of tumor-associated genes can reflect the gene mutations in tumor tissues to some extent. Compared to the postoperative stools and the stools in the two control groups, the pathogenic mutation frequencies of TP53 and KRAS were significantly higher for the preoperative stools (χ2 = 7.328, P < 0.05; χ2 = 4.219, P < 0.05), suggesting that fecal TP53 and KRAS genes can be used for CRC screening, diagnosis, and prognostic prediction. No significant difference in the pathogenic mutation frequency of the APC gene was found from the postoperative stools or the two control groups (χ2 = 0.878, P > 0.05), so further analysis with larger sample size is required. Among CRC patients, the pathogenic mutation sites of TP53 occurred in 16 of 27 preoperative stools, with a true positive rate of 59.26%, while the pathogenic mutation sites of KRAS occurred in 10 stools, with a true positive rate of 37.04%. The sensitivity and negative predictive values of the combined genetic testing of TP53 and KRAS were 66.67% (18/27) and 68.97%, respectively, both of which were higher than those of TP53 or KRAS mutation detection alone, suggesting that the combined genetic testing can improve the CRC detection rate. The mutation sites TP53 exon 4 A84G and EGFR exon 20 I821T (mutation start and stop positions were both 7579436 for the former, while 55249164 for the latter) were found in the preoperative stools and tumor tissues. These "undetected" mutation sites may be new types of mutations occurring during the CRC carcinogenesis and progression, which needs to be confirmed through further research. Some mutations of "unknown clinical significance" were found in such genes as TP53, PTEN, KRAS, BRAF, AKT1, and PIK3CA, whose clinical values is worthy of further exploration.
CONCLUSION NGS-based fecal genetic testing can be used as a complementary technique for the CRC diagnosis. Fecal TP53 and KRAS can be used as specific genes for the screening, diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and recurrence monitoring of CRC. Moreover, the combined testing of TP53 and KRAS genes can improve the CRC detection rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou People's Hospital (Postgraduate Training Base of Dalian Medical University), Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Tianmen City, Tianmen 431700, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying-Chun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital (Postgraduate Training Base of Dalian Medical University), Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital (Postgraduate Training Base of Dalian Medical University), Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Lin Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou People's Hospital (Postgraduate Training Base of Dalian Medical University), Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou People's Hospital (Postgraduate Training Base of Dalian Medical University), Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuan-Meng Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Taizhou People's Hospital (Postgraduate training base of Dalian Medical University), Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng-Lan Chen
- Department of Laboratory, Taizhou Genewill Medical Laboratory Company Limited, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Feng Yin
- Department of Laboratory, Jiangsu CoWin Biotech Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou People's Hospital (Postgraduate Training Base of Dalian Medical University), Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
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Dai Z, Li G, Chen Q, Yang X. Ser392 phosphorylation modulated a switch between p53 and transcriptional condensates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2022; 1865:194827. [PMID: 35618207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human p53 is a transcription factor regulating the transcription of a variety of target genes. Under various stresses, its tumor suppressor function was activated by the phosphorylation of p53. In this study, we found that full-length wild-type p53 could form phase-separated condensates with the aggregation tendency in vitro and in vivo. The LLPS of p53 was regulated by multiple functional domains. Specific DNA could promote the formation of p53 condensates. Fluorescence recovery data after photobleaching revealed that the Ser392 phosphorylation enhanced the fluidity of p53 condensates. Fluorescence analysis suggested that Ser392 phosphorylation increased the p53 concentration in condensates involved in transcription initiation and the stability of p53-mediated transcriptional condensates. The experiments in cells showed that p53 was evenly dispersed in the nucleus, it formed the dynamic condensates under the UV radiation-induced DNA damage, and the Ser392 nonphosphorylatable mutant S392A p53 formed condensates with significantly reduced number and size. These findings revealed that p53 phosphorylation modified its LLPS behavior, and suggested a mechanism that phosphorylation regulated condensate preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Dai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, PR China
| | - Guoli Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450002, PR China
| | - Qunyang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
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14
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Miller JJ, Kwan K, Gaiddon C, Storr T. A role for bioinorganic chemistry in the reactivation of mutant p53 in cancer. J Biol Inorg Chem 2022; 27:393-403. [PMID: 35488931 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metal ion dysregulation has been implicated in a number of diseases from neurodegeneration to cancer. While defective metal ion transport mechanisms are known to cause specific diseases of genetic origin, the role of metal dysregulation in many diseases has yet to be elucidated due to the complicated function (both good and bad!) of metal ions in the body. A breakdown in metal ion speciation can manifest in several ways from increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to an increase in protein misfolding and aggregation. In this review, we will discuss the role of Zn in the proper function of the p53 protein in cancer. The p53 protein plays a critical role in the prevention of genome mutations via initiation of apoptosis, DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, anti-angiogenesis, and senescence pathways to avoid propagation of damaged cells. p53 is the most frequently mutated protein in cancer and almost all cancers exhibit malfunction along the p53 pathway. Thus, there has been considerable effort dedicated to restoring normal p53 expression and activity to mutant p53. This includes understanding the relative populations of the Zn-bound and Zn-free p53 in wild-type and mutant forms, and the development of metallochaperones to re-populate the Zn binding site to restore mutant p53 activity. Parallels will be made to the development of multifunctional metal binding agents for modulating the aggregation of the amyloid-beta peptide in Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kalvin Kwan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Inserm UMR_S1113, IRFAC, team Streinth, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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15
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Ezzat K, Sturchio A, Espay AJ. Proteins Do Not Replicate, They Precipitate: Phase Transition and Loss of Function Toxicity in Amyloid Pathologies. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040535. [PMID: 35453734 PMCID: PMC9031251 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation into amyloid fibrils affects many proteins in a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and cancer. Physicochemically, amyloid formation is a phase transition process, where soluble proteins are transformed into solid fibrils with the characteristic cross-β conformation responsible for their fibrillar morphology. This phase transition proceeds via an initial, rate-limiting nucleation step followed by rapid growth. Several well-defined nucleation pathways exist, including homogenous nucleation (HON), which proceeds spontaneously; heterogeneous nucleation (HEN), which is catalyzed by surfaces; and seeding via preformed nuclei. It has been hypothesized that amyloid aggregation represents a protein-only (nucleic-acid free) replication mechanism that involves transmission of structural information via conformational templating (the prion hypothesis). While the prion hypothesis still lacks mechanistic support, it is also incompatible with the fact that proteins can be induced to form amyloids in the absence of a proteinaceous species acting as a conformational template as in the case of HEN, which can be induced by lipid membranes (including viral envelopes) or polysaccharides. Additionally, while amyloids can be formed from any protein sequence and via different nucleation pathways, they invariably adopt the universal cross-β conformation; suggesting that such conformational change is a spontaneous folding event that is thermodynamically favorable under the conditions of supersaturation and phase transition and not a templated replication process. Finally, as the high stability of amyloids renders them relatively inert, toxicity in some amyloid pathologies might be more dependent on the loss of function from protein sequestration in the amyloid state rather than direct toxicity from the amyloid plaques themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kariem Ezzat
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Sturchio
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro Svenningsson, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden;
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
| | - Alberto J. Espay
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
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16
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Yu Y, Dong X, Tang Y, Li L, Wei G. Mechanistic insight into the destabilization of p53TD tetramer by cancer-related R337H mutation: a molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5199-5210. [PMID: 35166747 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05670k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The p53 protein is a tumor suppressor crucial for cell cycle and genome integrity. In a very large proportion of human cancers, p53 is frequently inactivated by mutations located in its DNA-binding domain (DBD). Some experimental studies reported that the inherited R337H mutation located in the p53 tetramerization domain (p53TD) can also result in destabilization of the p53 protein, and consequently lead to an organism prone to cancer setup. However, the underlying R337H mutation-induced structural destabilization mechanism is not well understood. Herein, we investigate the structural stability and dynamic property of the wild type p53TD tetramer and its cancer-related R337H mutant by performing multiple microsecond molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that R337H mutation destroys the R337-D352 hydrogen bonds, weakens the F341-F341 π-π stacking interaction and the hydrophobic interaction between aliphatic hydrocarbons of R337 and M340, leading to more solvent exposure of all the hydrophobic cores, and thus disrupting the structural integrity of the tetramer. Importantly, our simulations show for the first time that R337H mutation results in unfolding of the α-helix starting from the N-terminal region (residues 335RER(H)FEM340). Consistently, community network analyses reveal that R337H mutation reduces dynamical correlation and global connectivity of p53TD tetramer, which destabilizes the structure of the p53TD tetramer. This study provides the atomistic mechanism of R337H mutation-induced destabilization of p53TD tetramer, which might be helpful for in-depth understanding of the p53 loss-of-function mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Yu
- Department of physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuewei Dong
- Department of physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiming Tang
- Department of physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Le Li
- Department of physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Nishitsuji K, Uchimura K. Contribution of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans to the Pathology of Amyloidosis. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2021. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2105.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 CNRS, Université de Lille
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18
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Nishitsuji K, Uchimura K. Contribution of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans to the Pathology of Amyloidosis. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2021. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2105.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 CNRS, Université de Lille
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19
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Sulatskaya AI, Kosolapova AO, Bobylev AG, Belousov MV, Antonets KS, Sulatsky MI, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Stepanenko OV, Nizhnikov AA. β-Barrels and Amyloids: Structural Transitions, Biological Functions, and Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11316. [PMID: 34768745 PMCID: PMC8582884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Insoluble protein aggregates with fibrillar morphology called amyloids and β-barrel proteins both share a β-sheet-rich structure. Correctly folded β-barrel proteins can not only function in monomeric (dimeric) form, but also tend to interact with one another-followed, in several cases, by formation of higher order oligomers or even aggregates. In recent years, findings proving that β-barrel proteins can adopt cross-β amyloid folds have emerged. Different β-barrel proteins were shown to form amyloid fibrils in vitro. The formation of functional amyloids in vivo by β-barrel proteins for which the amyloid state is native was also discovered. In particular, several prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins with β-barrel domains were demonstrated to form amyloids in vivo, where they participate in interspecies interactions and nutrient storage, respectively. According to recent observations, despite the variety of primary structures of amyloid-forming proteins, most of them can adopt a conformational state with the β-barrel topology. This state can be intermediate on the pathway of fibrillogenesis ("on-pathway state"), or can be formed as a result of an alternative assembly of partially unfolded monomers ("off-pathway state"). The β-barrel oligomers formed by amyloid proteins possess toxicity, and are likely to be involved in the development of amyloidoses, thus representing promising targets for potential therapy of these incurable diseases. Considering rapidly growing discoveries of the amyloid-forming β-barrels, we may suggest that their real number and diversity of functions are significantly higher than identified to date, and represent only "the tip of the iceberg". Here, we summarize the data on the amyloid-forming β-barrel proteins, their physicochemical properties, and their biological functions, and discuss probable means and consequences of the amyloidogenesis of these proteins, along with structural relationships between these two widespread types of β-folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I. Sulatskaya
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 3 Podbelskogo Sh., Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.I.S.); (A.O.K.); (M.V.B.); (K.S.A.)
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Av., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.); (O.V.S.)
| | - Anastasiia O. Kosolapova
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 3 Podbelskogo Sh., Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.I.S.); (A.O.K.); (M.V.B.); (K.S.A.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Bobylev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya St., 142290 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Mikhail V. Belousov
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 3 Podbelskogo Sh., Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.I.S.); (A.O.K.); (M.V.B.); (K.S.A.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kirill S. Antonets
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 3 Podbelskogo Sh., Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.I.S.); (A.O.K.); (M.V.B.); (K.S.A.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maksim I. Sulatsky
- Laboratory of Cell Morphology, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Av., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Irina M. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Av., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.); (O.V.S.)
| | - Konstantin K. Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Av., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.); (O.V.S.)
| | - Olesya V. Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Av., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.); (O.V.S.)
| | - Anton A. Nizhnikov
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 3 Podbelskogo Sh., Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.I.S.); (A.O.K.); (M.V.B.); (K.S.A.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Liu Y, Sun X, Yuan H, Liu B, Zhou B, Chen X, Li X, Xue Q. Sensitive detection of p53 DNA based on spatially confined fluorescence resonance energy transfer and multivalent assembly of branched DNA. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4314-4319. [PMID: 34476425 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01110c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge for the discrete distribution-based Förster resonance energy transfer system (D-FRET) is the reduced intensity and stability of signal probes in complex biological matrices. Here, we present a spatially confined FRET (SC-FRET) probe with a stable structure and strong signal output. It consists of multivalent FRET pairs labeled with FAM or TAMRA. In this assay, p53 DNA was chosen as a model hairpin probe (HP), and two kinds of branched DNA probes (ssDNA-FAM, ssDNA-TAMRA) were involved. Under the action of p53 DNA, the unfolded HP acts as a primer to initiate polymerization extension of KFP polymerase and cleavage of Nb.BbvCI endonuclease, which produces plenty of ssDNA (primer-DNA). The branched DNA is designed to have the same binding core and different sticky ends, the core part of which can self-assemble to form X-shaped branched DNA (X-FAM or X-TAMRA), and the sticky ends of which are complementary to the primer-DNA. Therefore, the primer-DNAs released during the polymerization cleavage process will combine a large number of X-FAM and X-TAMRA in a limited space through complementary base pairing. Fluorescence was transferred from FAM to TAMRA, and a strong FRET response was generated by the locational effects. The proposed SC-FRET system based on the multivalent assembly of branched DNA exhibited a strong FRET response with an LOD of 0.01394 pM. Importantly, it also showed a high-contrast and stable FRET response in HeLa cells. Its superior biological stability is attributed to the large steric hindrance of the compact and rigid frame of the SC-FRET probe, which helps prevent intracellular degradation and provides a powerful tool for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeling Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Xia Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Xuening Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Qingwang Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
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21
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Loh D, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: Regulation of Biomolecular Condensates in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1483. [PMID: 34573116 PMCID: PMC8465482 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are membraneless organelles (MLOs) that form dynamic, chemically distinct subcellular compartments organizing macromolecules such as proteins, RNA, and DNA in unicellular prokaryotic bacteria and complex eukaryotic cells. Separated from surrounding environments, MLOs in the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm, and mitochondria assemble by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) into transient, non-static, liquid-like droplets that regulate essential molecular functions. LLPS is primarily controlled by post-translational modifications (PTMs) that fine-tune the balance between attractive and repulsive charge states and/or binding motifs of proteins. Aberrant phase separation due to dysregulated membrane lipid rafts and/or PTMs, as well as the absence of adequate hydrotropic small molecules such as ATP, or the presence of specific RNA proteins can cause pathological protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders. Melatonin may exert a dominant influence over phase separation in biomolecular condensates by optimizing membrane and MLO interdependent reactions through stabilizing lipid raft domains, reducing line tension, and maintaining negative membrane curvature and fluidity. As a potent antioxidant, melatonin protects cardiolipin and other membrane lipids from peroxidation cascades, supporting protein trafficking, signaling, ion channel activities, and ATPase functionality during condensate coacervation or dissolution. Melatonin may even control condensate LLPS through PTM and balance mRNA- and RNA-binding protein composition by regulating N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications. There is currently a lack of pharmaceuticals targeting neurodegenerative disorders via the regulation of phase separation. The potential of melatonin in the modulation of biomolecular condensate in the attenuation of aberrant condensate aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Loh
- Independent Researcher, Marble Falls, TX 78654, USA
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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22
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Bergasa-Caceres F, Rabitz HA. Identification of Two Early Folding Stage Prion Non-Local Contacts Suggested to Serve as Key Steps in Directing the Final Fold to Be Either Native or Pathogenic. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168619. [PMID: 34445324 PMCID: PMC8395309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial steps of the folding pathway of the C-terminal domain of the murine prion protein mPrP(90–231) are predicted based on the sequential collapse model (SCM). A non-local dominant contact is found to form between the connecting region between helix 1 and β-sheet 1 and the C-terminal region of helix 3. This non-local contact nucleates the most populated molten globule-like intermediate along the folding pathway. A less stable early non-local contact between segments 120–124 and 179–183, located in the middle of helix 2, promotes the formation of a less populated molten globule-like intermediate. The formation of the dominant non-local contact constitutes an example of the postulated Nature’s Shortcut to the prion protein collapse into the native structure. The possible role of the less populated molten globule-like intermediate is explored as the potential initiation point for the folding for three pathogenic mutants (T182A, I214V, and Q211P in mouse prion numbering) of the prion protein.
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23
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Sturchio A, Dwivedi AK, Young CB, Malm T, Marsili L, Sharma JS, Mahajan A, Hill EJ, Andaloussi SEL, Poston KL, Manfredsson FP, Schneider LS, Ezzat K, Espay AJ. High cerebrospinal amyloid-β 42 is associated with normal cognition in individuals with brain amyloidosis. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 38:100988. [PMID: 34505023 PMCID: PMC8413261 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain amyloidosis does not invariably predict dementia. We hypothesized that high soluble 42-amino acid β amyloid (Aβ42) peptide levels are associated with normal cognition and hippocampal volume despite increasing brain amyloidosis. METHODS This cross-sectional study of 598 amyloid-positive participants in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort examined whether levels of soluble Aβ42 are higher in amyloid-positive normal cognition (NC) individuals compared to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and whether this relationship applies to neuropsychological assessments and hippocampal volume measured within the same year. All subjects were evaluated between June 2010 and February 2019. Brain amyloid positivity was defined as positron emission tomography-based standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) ≥1.08 for [18] F-florbetaben or 1.11 for [18]F-florbetapir, with higher SUVR indicating more brain amyloidosis. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, education, APOE4, p-tau, t-tau, and centiloids levels. FINDINGS Higher soluble Aβ42 levels were observed in NC (864.00 pg/ml) than in MCI (768.60 pg/ml) or AD (617.46 pg/ml), with the relationship between NC, MCI, and AD maintained across all amyloid tertiles. In adjusted analysis, there was a larger absolute effect size of soluble Aβ42 than SUVR for NC (0.82 vs. 0.40) and MCI (0.60 vs. 0.26) versus AD. Each standard deviation increase in Aβ42 was associated with greater odds of NC than AD (adjusted odds ratio, 6.26; p < 0.001) or MCI (1.42; p = 0.006). Higher soluble Aβ42 levels were also associated with better neuropsychological function and larger hippocampal volume. INTERPRETATION Normal cognition and hippocampal volume are associated with preservation of high soluble Aβ42 levels despite increasing brain amyloidosis. FUNDING Please refer to the Funding section at the end of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sturchio
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro Svenningsson, Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alok K. Dwivedi
- Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Christina B. Young
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Luca Marsili
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Sharma
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Mahajan
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Emily J. Hill
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Samir EL Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kathleen L. Poston
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Lon S. Schneider
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kariem Ezzat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto J. Espay
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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24
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Innate immunity to prions: anti-prion systems turn a tsunami of prions into a slow drip. Curr Genet 2021; 67:833-847. [PMID: 34319422 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The yeast prions (infectious proteins) [URE3] and [PSI+] are essentially non-functional (or even toxic) amyloid forms of Ure2p and Sup35p, whose normal function is in nitrogen catabolite repression and translation termination, respectively. Yeast has an array of systems working in normal cells that largely block infection with prions, block most prion formation, cure most nascent prions and mitigate the toxic effects of those prions that escape the first three types of systems. Here we review recent progress in defining these anti-prion systems, how they work and how they are regulated. Polymorphisms of the prion domains partially block infection with prions. Ribosome-associated chaperones ensure proper folding of nascent proteins, thus reducing [PSI+] prion formation and curing many [PSI+] variants that do form. Btn2p is a sequestering protein which gathers [URE3] amyloid filaments to one place in the cells so that the prion is often lost by progeny cells. Proteasome impairment produces massive overexpression of Btn2p and paralog Cur1p, resulting in [URE3] curing. Inversely, increased proteasome activity, by derepression of proteasome component gene transcription or by 60S ribosomal subunit gene mutation, prevents prion curing by Btn2p or Cur1p. The nonsense-mediated decay proteins (Upf1,2,3) cure many nascent [PSI+] variants by associating with Sup35p directly. Normal levels of the disaggregating chaperone Hsp104 can also cure many [PSI+] prion variants. By keeping the cellular levels of certain inositol polyphosphates / pyrophosphates low, Siw14p cures certain [PSI+] variants. It is hoped that exploration of the yeast innate immunity to prions will lead to discovery of similar systems in humans.
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25
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Navalkar A, Pandey S, Singh N, Patel K, Datta D, Mohanty B, Jadhav S, Chaudhari P, Maji SK. Direct evidence of cellular transformation by prion-like p53 amyloid infection. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:269011. [PMID: 34085695 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 mutations are associated with more than 50% of cancers. Aggregation and amyloid formation of p53 is also implicated in cancer pathogenesis, but direct evidence for aggregated p53 amyloids acting as an oncogene is lacking. Here, we conclusively demonstrate that wild-type p53 amyloid formation imparts oncogenic properties to non-cancerous cells. p53 amyloid aggregates were transferred through cell generations, contributing to enhanced survival, apoptotic resistance with increased proliferation and migration. The tumorigenic potential of p53 amyloid-transformed cells was further confirmed in mouse xenografts, wherein the tumors showed p53 amyloids. p53 disaggregation rescued the cellular transformation and inhibited tumor development in mice. We propose that wild-type p53 amyloid formation contributes to tumorigenesis and can be a potential target for therapeutic intervention. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambuja Navalkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India400076
| | - Satyaprakash Pandey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India400076
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India400076
| | - Komal Patel
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India400076
| | - Debalina Datta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India400076
| | - Bhabani Mohanty
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India410210
| | | | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India410210.,Department of Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India400094
| | - Samir K Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India400076
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26
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Petronilho EC, Pedrote MM, Marques MA, Passos YM, Mota MF, Jakobus B, de Sousa GDS, Pereira da Costa F, Felix AL, Ferretti GDS, Almeida FP, Cordeiro Y, Vieira TCRG, de Oliveira GAP, Silva JL. Phase separation of p53 precedes aggregation and is affected by oncogenic mutations and ligands. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7334-7349. [PMID: 34163823 PMCID: PMC8171334 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01739j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant p53 tends to form aggregates with amyloid properties, especially amyloid oligomers inside the nucleus, which are believed to cause oncogenic gain-of-function (GoF). The mechanism of the formation of the aggregates in the nucleus remains uncertain. The present study demonstrated that the DNA-binding domain of p53 (p53C) underwent phase separation (PS) on the pathway to aggregation under various conditions. p53C phase separated in the presence of the crowding agent polyethylene glycol (PEG). Similarly, mutant p53C (M237I and R249S) underwent PS; however, the process evolved to a solid-like phase transition faster than that in the case of wild-type p53C. The data obtained by microscopy of live cells indicated that transfection of mutant full-length p53 into the cells tended to result in PS and phase transition (PT) in the nuclear compartments, which are likely the cause of the GoF effects. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments revealed liquid characteristics of the condensates in the nucleus. Mutant p53 tended to undergo gel- and solid-like phase transitions in the nucleus and in nuclear bodies demonstrated by slow and incomplete recovery of fluorescence after photobleaching. Polyanions, such as heparin and RNA, were able to modulate PS and PT in vitro. Heparin apparently stabilized the condensates in a gel-like state, and RNA apparently induced a solid-like state of the protein even in the absence of PEG. Conditions that destabilize p53C into a molten globule conformation also produced liquid droplets in the absence of crowding. The disordered transactivation domain (TAD) modulated both phase separation and amyloid aggregation. In summary, our data provide mechanistic insight into the formation of p53 condensates and conditions that may result in the formation of aggregated structures, such as mutant amyloid oligomers, in cancer. The pathway of mutant p53 from liquid droplets to gel-like and solid-like (amyloid) species may be a suitable target for anticancer therapy. Mutant p53 tends to form aggregates with amyloid properties, especially amyloid oligomers inside the nucleus, which are believed to cause oncogenic gain-of-function (GoF).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C Petronilho
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Murilo M Pedrote
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Mayra A Marques
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Yulli M Passos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Michelle F Mota
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Benjamin Jakobus
- Modal Informática Ltda Almeida Godinho, 19, 304 Rio de Janeiro RJ 22741-140 Brazil
| | - Gileno Dos Santos de Sousa
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Filipe Pereira da Costa
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Adriani L Felix
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Giulia D S Ferretti
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Fernando P Almeida
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Yraima Cordeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Tuane C R G Vieira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Guilherme A P de Oliveira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Jerson L Silva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902 Brazil
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27
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Abstract
In this review, Pilley et al. examine the impact of different p53 mutations and focus on how heterogeneity of p53 status can affect relationships between cells within a tumor. p53 is an important tumor suppressor, and the complexities of p53 function in regulating cancer cell behaviour are well established. Many cancers lose or express mutant forms of p53, with evidence that the type of alteration affecting p53 may differentially impact cancer development and progression. It is also clear that in addition to cell-autonomous functions, p53 status also affects the way cancer cells interact with each other. In this review, we briefly examine the impact of different p53 mutations and focus on how heterogeneity of p53 status can affect relationships between cells within a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Pilley
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan A Rodriguez
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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28
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Ning Y, Zeng Z, Deng Y, Feng W, Huang L, Liu H, Lin J, Zhang C, Fan Y, Liu L. VPS33B interacts with NESG1 to suppress cell growth and cisplatin chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1785-1797. [PMID: 33788346 PMCID: PMC8088924 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis and cisplatin chemoresistance of ovarian cancer (OC) are still unclear. Vacuolar protein sorting‐associated 33B (VPS33B) has not been reported in OC to date. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to detect VPS33B protein expression between OC and ovarian tissues. MTT, EdU, colony formation, cell cycle, in vivo tumorigenesis, western blot, ChIP, EMSA, co‐immunoprecipitation (CoIP), qRT‐PCR, and microconfocal microscopy were used to explore the function and molecular mechanisms of VPS33B in OC cells. The results of the present study demonstrated that VPS33B protein expression was obviously reduced in OC compared with that in ovarian tissues. Overexpressed VPS33B suppressed cell cycle transition, cell growth, and chemoresistance to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of the mechanism indicated that overexpressed VPS33B regulated the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/PI3K/AKT/c‐Myc/p53/miR‐133a‐3p feedback loop and reduced the expression of the cell cycle factor CDK4. Nasopharyngeal epithelium‐specific protein 1 (NESG1) as a tumor suppressor not only interacted with VPS33B, but was also induced by VPS33B by the attenuation of PI3K/AKT/c‐Jun‐mediated transcription inhibition. Overexpressed NESG1 further suppressed cell growth by mediating VPS33B‐modulated signals in VPS33B‐overexpressing OC cells. Finally, NESG1 induced VPS33B expression by reducing the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/c‐Jun‐mediated transcription. Our study is the first to demonstrate that VPS33B serves as a tumor suppressor, and VPS33B can interact with NESG1 to suppress cell growth and promote cisplatin sensitivity by regulating the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/c‐Myc/p53/miR‐133a‐3p feedback loop in OC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxia Ning
- Department of Gynecology, the Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Department of Gynecology, the Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuao Deng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weifeng Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lun Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiazhi Lin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Fan
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longyang Liu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Taniue K, Akimitsu N. Aberrant phase separation and cancer. FEBS J 2021; 289:17-39. [PMID: 33583140 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are intracellularly divided into numerous compartments or organelles, which coordinate specific molecules and biological reactions. Membrane-bound organelles are physically separated by lipid bilayers from the surrounding environment. Biomolecular condensates, also referred to membraneless organelles, are micron-scale cellular compartments that lack membranous enclosures but function to concentrate proteins and RNA molecules, and these are involved in diverse processes. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) driven by multivalent weak macromolecular interactions is a critical principle for the formation of biomolecular condensates, and a multitude of combinations among multivalent interactions may drive liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT). Dysregulation of LLPS and LLPT leads to aberrant condensate and amyloid formation, which causes many human diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer. Here, we describe recent findings regarding abnormal forms of biomolecular condensates and aggregation via aberrant LLPS and LLPT of cancer-related proteins in cancer development driven by mutation and fusion of genes. Moreover, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms by which aberrant LLPS and LLPT occur in cancer and the drug candidates targeting these mechanisms. Further understanding of the molecular events regulating how biomolecular condensates and aggregation form in cancer tissue is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies against tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzui Taniue
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
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30
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Billant O, Friocourt G, Roux P, Voisset C. p53, A Victim of the Prion Fashion. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E269. [PMID: 33450819 PMCID: PMC7828285 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Identified in the late 1970s as an oncogene, a driving force leading to tumor development, p53 turned out to be a key tumor suppressor gene. Now p53 is considered a master gene regulating the transcription of over 3000 target genes and controlling a remarkable number of cellular functions. The elevated prevalence of p53 mutations in human cancers has led to a recurring questioning about the roles of mutant p53 proteins and their functional consequences. Both mutants and isoforms of p53 have been attributed dominant-negative and gain of function properties among which is the ability to form amyloid aggregates and behave in a prion-like manner. This report challenges the ongoing "prion p53" hypothesis by reviewing evidence of p53 behavior in light of our current knowledge regarding amyloid proteins, prionoids and prions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaëlle Friocourt
- Inserm, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France;
| | - Pierre Roux
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR5234, 34293 Montpellier, France;
| | - Cécile Voisset
- Inserm, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France;
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31
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Park SK, Park S, Pentek C, Liebman SW. Tumor suppressor protein p53 expressed in yeast can remain diffuse, form a prion, or form unstable liquid-like droplets. iScience 2020; 24:102000. [PMID: 33490908 PMCID: PMC7811139 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor are frequent causes of cancer. Because p53 aggregates appear in some tumor cells, it has been suggested that p53 could also cause cancer by forming self-replicating protein aggregates (prions). Here, using yeast, we show that transient p53 overexpression induced the formation of p53 prion aggregates that were transmitted for >100 generations, found in lysate pellets, stained with Thioflavin T, and transmitted by cytoplasmic transfer, or transfection with lysates of cells carrying the prion or with p53 amyloid peptide. As predicted for a prion, transient interruption of p53 expression caused permanent p53 prion loss. Importantly, p53 transcription factor activity was reduced by prion formation suggesting that prion aggregation could cause cancer. p53 has also been found in liquid-like nuclear droplets in animal cell culture. In yeast, we found that liquid-like p53 foci appear in response to stress and disappear with stress removal. A published yeast model of functional nuclear human p53 tumor suppressor was used Upon transient overexpression p53 loses its transcription function and aggregates These p53 aggregates are cytoplasmic and behave like stable heritable prions Stress induces p53 to form liquid-like droplets that are unstable and not prion-like
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei-Kyoung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Sangeun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Christine Pentek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Susan W Liebman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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32
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Benson MD, Buxbaum JN, Eisenberg DS, Merlini G, Saraiva MJM, Sekijima Y, Sipe JD, Westermark P. Amyloid nomenclature 2020: update and recommendations by the International Society of Amyloidosis (ISA) nomenclature committee. Amyloid 2020; 27:217-222. [PMID: 33100054 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2020.1835263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The ISA Nomenclature Committee met electronically before and directly after the XVII ISA International Symposium on Amyloidosis, which, unfortunately, had to be virtual in September 2020 due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic instead of a planned meeting in Tarragona in March. In addition to confirmation of basic nomenclature, several additional concepts were discussed, which are used in scientific amyloid literature. Among such concepts are cytotoxic oligomers, protofibrils, primary and secondary nucleation, seeding and cross-seeding, amyloid signature proteins, and amyloid plaques. Recommendations for their use are given. Definitions of amyloid and amyloidosis are confirmed. Possible novel human amyloid fibril proteins, appearing as 'classical' in vivo amyloid, were discussed. It was decided to include fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (amyloid protein: AEFEMP1), which appears as localised amyloid in portal veins. There are several possible amyloid proteins under investigation, and these are included in a new Table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrill D Benson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joel N Buxbaum
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David S Eisenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Amyloid Research and Treatment Center, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria J M Saraiva
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto, Molecular Neurobiology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Yoshiki Sekijima
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jean D Sipe
- Department of Biochemistry (Retired), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Per Westermark
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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33
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Soond SM, Savvateeva LV, Makarov VA, Gorokhovets NV, Townsend PA, Zamyatnin AA. Making Connections: p53 and the Cathepsin Proteases as Co-Regulators of Cancer and Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113476. [PMID: 33266503 PMCID: PMC7700648 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This article describes an emerging area of significant interest in cancer and cell death and the relationships shared by these through the p53 and cathepsin proteins. While it has been demonstrated that the p53 protein can directly induce the leakage of cathepsin proteases from the lysosome, directly triggering cell death, little is known about what factors set the threshold at which the lysosome can become permeabilized. It appears that the expression levels of cathepsin proteases may be central to this process, with some of them being transcriptionally regulated by p53. The consequences of such a mechanism have serious implications for lysosomal-mediated apoptosis and have significant input into the design of therapeutics and their strategic use. In this review, we highlight the importance of extending such findings to other cathepsin family members and the need to assess the roles of p53 isoforms and mutants in furthering this mechanism. Abstract While viewed as the “guardian of the genome”, the importance of the tumor suppressor p53 protein has increasingly gained ever more recognition in modulating additional modes of action related to cell death. Slowly but surely, its importance has evolved from a mutated genetic locus heavily implicated in a wide array of cancer types to modulating lysosomal-mediated cell death either directly or indirectly through the transcriptional regulation of the key signal transduction pathway intermediates involved in this. As an important step in determining the fate of cells in response to cytotoxicity or during stress response, lysosomal-mediated cell death has also become strongly interwoven with the key components that give the lysosome functionality in the form of the cathepsin proteases. While a number of articles have been published highlighting the independent input of p53 or cathepsins to cellular homeostasis and disease progression, one key area that warrants further focus is the regulatory relationship that p53 and its isoforms share with such proteases in regulating lysosomal-mediated cell death. Herein, we review recent developments that have shaped this relationship and highlight key areas that need further exploration to aid novel therapeutic design and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M. Soond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.); (A.A.Z.J.)
| | - Lyudmila V. Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
| | - Vladimir A. Makarov
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
| | - Neonila V. Gorokhovets
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
| | - Paul A. Townsend
- Division of Cancer Sciences and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.); (A.A.Z.J.)
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Malmberg M, Malm T, Gustafsson O, Sturchio A, Graff C, Espay AJ, Wright AP, El Andaloussi S, Lindén A, Ezzat K. Disentangling the Amyloid Pathways: A Mechanistic Approach to Etiology. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:256. [PMID: 32372895 PMCID: PMC7186396 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloids are fibrillar protein aggregates associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), type II diabetes and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The process of amyloid polymerization involves three pathological protein transformations; from natively folded conformation to the cross-β conformation, from biophysically soluble to insoluble, and from biologically functional to non-functional. While amyloids share a similar cross-β conformation, the biophysical transformation can either take place spontaneously via a homogeneous nucleation mechanism (HON) or catalytically on an exogenous surface via a heterogeneous nucleation mechanism (HEN). Here, we postulate that the different nucleation pathways can serve as a mechanistic basis for an etiological classification of amyloidopathies, where hereditary forms generally follow the HON pathway, while sporadic forms follow seed-induced (prions) or surface-induced (including microbially induced) HEN pathways. Critically, the conformational and biophysical amyloid transformation results in loss-of-function (LOF) of the original natively folded and soluble protein. This LOF can, at least initially, be the mechanism of amyloid toxicity even before amyloid accumulation reaches toxic levels. By highlighting the important role of non-protein species in amyloid formation and LOF mechanisms of toxicity, we propose a generalized mechanistic framework that could help better understand the diverse etiology of amyloid diseases and offer new opportunities for therapeutic interventions, including replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Malmberg
- Section of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- SLU Global Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Oskar Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Sturchio
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, James J and Joan A Gardner Center for Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Alberto J. Espay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, James J and Joan A Gardner Center for Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Anthony P. Wright
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Lindén
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kariem Ezzat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mezencev R, Chernoff YO. Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in Cancer Patients: Analysis of Mortality Data from the US SEER Population-Based Registries. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E796. [PMID: 32224926 PMCID: PMC7226270 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported an inverse association between cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD), which are leading causes of human morbidity and mortality. We analyzed the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) data to estimate the risk of AD death in (i) cancer patients relative to reference populations stratified on demographic and clinical variables, and (ii) female breast cancer (BC) patients treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, relative to those with no/unknown treatment status. Our results demonstrate the impact of race, cancer type, age and time since cancer diagnosis on the risk of AD death in cancer patients. While the risk of AD death was decreased in white patients diagnosed with various cancers at 45 or more years of age, it was increased in black patients diagnosed with cancers before 45 years of age (likely due to early onset AD). Chemotherapy decreased the risk of AD death in white women diagnosed with BC at the age of 65 or more, however radiotherapy displayed a more complex pattern with early decrease and late increase in the risk of AD death during a prolonged time interval after the treatment. Our data point to links between molecular mechanisms involved in cancer and AD, and to the potential applicability of some anti-cancer treatments against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Mezencev
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Krone Engineered Biosystems Building, 950 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-2000, USA
| | - Yury O. Chernoff
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Krone Engineered Biosystems Building, 950 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-2000, USA
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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Loh SN. Follow the Mutations: Toward Class-Specific, Small-Molecule Reactivation of p53. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020303. [PMID: 32075132 PMCID: PMC7072143 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutational landscape of p53 in cancer is unusual among tumor suppressors because most of the alterations are of the missense type and localize to a single domain: the ~220 amino acid DNA-binding domain. Nearly all of these mutations produce the common effect of reducing p53’s ability to interact with DNA and activate transcription. Despite this seemingly simple phenotype, no mutant p53-targeted drugs are available to treat cancer patients. One of the main reasons for this is that the mutations exert their effects via multiple mechanisms—loss of DNA contacts, reduction in zinc-binding affinity, and lowering of thermodynamic stability—each of which involves a distinct type of physical impairment. This review discusses how this knowledge is informing current efforts to develop small molecules that repair these defects and restore function to mutant p53. Categorizing the spectrum of p53 mutations into discrete classes based on their inactivation mechanisms is the initial step toward personalized cancer therapy based on p53 allele status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart N Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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Li L, Li X, Tang Y, Lao Z, Lei J, Wei G. Common cancer mutations R175H and R273H drive the p53 DNA-binding domain towards aggregation-prone conformations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:9225-9232. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06671c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer mutations R175H and R273H induce p53C towards aggregation-prone conformations by increasing their SASA, water exposure of H-bonds and flexibility of loop2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- Department of Physics
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education)
- Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200438
| | - Xuhua Li
- Department of Physics
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education)
- Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200438
| | - Yiming Tang
- Department of Physics
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education)
- Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200438
| | - Zenghui Lao
- Department of Physics
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education)
- Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200438
| | - Jiangtao Lei
- Department of Physics
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education)
- Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200438
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of Physics
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education)
- Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200438
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