1
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Sellet N, Frey J, Cormier M, Goddard JP. Near-infrared photocatalysis with cyanines: synthesis, applications and perspectives. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8639-8650. [PMID: 38873079 PMCID: PMC11168079 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00814f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanines are organic dyes bearing two aza-heterocycles linked by a polymethine chain. Excited states, fluorescence, redox activity, and energy transfer are interesting properties of cyanines which have been used by chemists. Moreover, they are easily accessible and highly tunable. For all these reasons, cyanines are often selected for applications like fluorescent probes, phototherapy and photovoltaics. However, considering cyanines as photocatalysts is a new field of investigation and has been sparsely reported in the literature. This field of research has been launched on the basis of near-infrared light photocatalysis. With a deeper NIR light penetration, the irradiation is compatible with biological tissues. Due to the longer wavelengths that are involved, the safety of the operator can be guaranteed. In this perspective review, the photophysical/redox properties of cyanines are reported as well as their preparations and applications in modern synthetic approaches. Finally, recent examples of cyanine-based NIR-photocatalysis are discussed including photopolymerization and organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sellet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Mulhouse 68100 France
| | - Johanna Frey
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Mulhouse 68100 France
| | - Morgan Cormier
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Mulhouse 68100 France
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Mulhouse 68100 France
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2
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Liu X, Xiang C, Lv Y, Xiang J, Ma G, Li C, Hu Y, Guo C, Sun H, Cai L, Gong P. Preparation of near-infrared photoacoustic imaging and photothermal treatment agent for cancer using a modifiable acid-triggered molecular platform. Analyst 2024; 149:3064-3072. [PMID: 38712864 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00189c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent pH probes with various pKa values were innovatively designed and synthesized based on cyanine with a diamine moiety. The photochemical properties of these probes were thoroughly evaluated. Among the series, IR-PHA exhibited an optimal pKa value of approximately 6.40, closely matching the pH of cancerous tissues. This feature is particularly valuable for real-time pH monitoring in both living cells and living mice. Moreover, when administered intravenously to tumor-bearing mice, IR-PHA demonstrated rapid and significant enhancement of near-infrared fluorescence and photoacoustic signals within the tumor region. This outcome underscores the probe's exceptional capability for dual-modal cancer imaging utilizing near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and photoacoustic (PA) modalities. Concurrently, the application of a continuous-wave near-infrared laser efficiently ablated cancer cells in vivo, attributed to the photothermal effect induced by IR-PHA. The results strongly indicate that IR-PHA is well-suited for NIRF/PA dual-modality imaging and photothermal therapy of tumors. This makes it a promising candidate for theranostic applications involving small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- College of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Sino-Euro Center of Biomedicine and Health, Luohu, Shenzhen, 518024, China
| | - Chunbai Xiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Sino-Euro Center of Biomedicine and Health, Luohu, Shenzhen, 518024, China
| | - Yalin Lv
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Sino-Euro Center of Biomedicine and Health, Luohu, Shenzhen, 518024, China
| | - Jingjing Xiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Sino-Euro Center of Biomedicine and Health, Luohu, Shenzhen, 518024, China
| | - Gongcheng Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Sino-Euro Center of Biomedicine and Health, Luohu, Shenzhen, 518024, China
| | - Changzhong Li
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Hua Sun
- College of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Sino-Euro Center of Biomedicine and Health, Luohu, Shenzhen, 518024, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Sino-Euro Center of Biomedicine and Health, Luohu, Shenzhen, 518024, China
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3
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Sharma A, Verwilst P, Li M, Ma D, Singh N, Yoo J, Kim Y, Yang Y, Zhu JH, Huang H, Hu XL, He XP, Zeng L, James TD, Peng X, Sessler JL, Kim JS. Theranostic Fluorescent Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2699-2804. [PMID: 38422393 PMCID: PMC11132561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The ability to gain spatiotemporal information, and in some cases achieve spatiotemporal control, in the context of drug delivery makes theranostic fluorescent probes an attractive and intensely investigated research topic. This interest is reflected in the steep rise in publications on the topic that have appeared over the past decade. Theranostic fluorescent probes, in their various incarnations, generally comprise a fluorophore linked to a masked drug, in which the drug is released as the result of certain stimuli, with both intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli being reported. This release is then signaled by the emergence of a fluorescent signal. Importantly, the use of appropriate fluorophores has enabled not only this emerging fluorescence as a spatiotemporal marker for drug delivery but also has provided modalities useful in photodynamic, photothermal, and sonodynamic therapeutic applications. In this review we highlight recent work on theranostic fluorescent probes with a particular focus on probes that are activated in tumor microenvironments. We also summarize efforts to develop probes for other applications, such as neurodegenerative diseases and antibacterials. This review celebrates the diversity of designs reported to date, from discrete small-molecule systems to nanomaterials. Our aim is to provide insights into the potential clinical impact of this still-emerging research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Amity
School of Chemical Sciences, Amity University
Punjab, Sector 82A, Mohali 140 306, India
| | - Peter Verwilst
- Rega
Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mingle Li
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College
of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Nem Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yoo
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ying Yang
- School of
Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi
University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jing-Hui Zhu
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College
of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haiqiao Huang
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College
of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xi-Le Hu
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research
Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa
Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research
Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa
Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- National
Center for Liver Cancer, the International Cooperation Laboratory
on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary
Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lintao Zeng
- School of
Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi
University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Tony D. James
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan
Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian
University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United
States
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- TheranoChem Incorporation, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
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4
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Wang X, Yan X, Zhang Z, Xu C, Du F, Xie Y, Yin X, Lei Z, Jiang Y, Yang W, Zhou X, Wang Y. IR808@MnO nano-near infrared fluorescent dye's diagnostic value for malignant pleural effusion. Respir Res 2024; 25:22. [PMID: 38195540 PMCID: PMC10777594 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural effusion is mostly a complication of advanced malignant tumors. However, the cancer markers such as carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125), carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), and cytokeratin fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) have low sensitivity and organ specificity for detecting malignant pleural effusion. RESEARCH QUESTION Is IR808@MnO nano-near infrared fluorescent dye worthy for the diagnosis in differentiating benign and malignant pleural effusions. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This experiment was carried out to design and characterize the materials for in vitro validation of the new dye in malignant tumor cells in the A549 cell line and in patients with adenocarcinoma pleural effusion. The dye was verified to possess tumor- specific targeting capabilities. Subsequently, a prospective hospital-based observational study was conducted, enrolling 106 patients and excluding 28 patients with unknown diagnoses. All patients underwent histopathological analysis of thoracoscopic biopsies, exfoliative cytological analysis of pleural fluid, and analysis involving the new dye. Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel, GraphPad Prism, and the R language. RESULTS The size of IR808@MnO was 136.8 ± 2.9 nm, with peak emission at 808 nm, and it has near-infrared fluorescence properties. Notably, there was a significant difference in fluorescence values between benign and malignant cell lines (p < 0.0001). The malignant cell lines tested comprised CL1-5, A549, MDA-MB-468, U-87MG, MKN-7, and Hela, while benign cell lines were BEAS-2B, HUVEC, HSF, and VE. The most effective duration of action was identified as 30 min at a concentration of 5 μl. This optimal duration of action and concentration were consistent in patients with lung adenocarcinoma accompanied by pleural effusion and 5 μl. Of the 106 patients examined, 28 remained undiagnosed, 39 were diagnosed with malignant pleural effusions, and the remaining 39 with benign pleural effusions. Employing the new IR808@MnO staining method, the sensitivity stood at 74.4%, specificity at 79.5%, a positive predictive value of 69.2%, and a negative predictive value of 82.1%. The area under the ROC curve was recorded as 0.762 (95% CI: 0.652-0.872). The confusion matrix revealed a positive predictive value of 75.7%, a negative predictive value of 75.6%, a false positive rate of 22.5%, and a false negative rate of 26.3%. INTERPRETATION The IR808@MnO fluorescent probe represents an efficient, sensitive, and user-friendly diagnostic tool for detecting malignant pleural fluid, underscoring its significant potential for clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xingya Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chuchu Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fangbin Du
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yanghu Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiaona Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zubao Lei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yinling Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wanchun Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui Province, China.
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5
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Liu H, Lu HH, Alp Y, Wu R, Thayumanavan S. Structural Determinants of Stimuli-Responsiveness in Amphiphilic Macromolecular Nano-assemblies. Prog Polym Sci 2024; 148:101765. [PMID: 38476148 PMCID: PMC10927256 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive nano-assemblies from amphiphilic macromolecules could undergo controlled structural transformations and generate diverse macroscopic phenomenon under stimuli. Due to the controllable responsiveness, they have been applied for broad material and biomedical applications, such as biologics delivery, sensing, imaging, and catalysis. Understanding the mechanisms of the assembly-disassembly processes and structural determinants behind the responsive properties is fundamentally important for designing the next generation of nano-assemblies with programmable responsiveness. In this review, we focus on structural determinants of assemblies from amphiphilic macromolecules and their macromolecular level alterations under stimuli, such as the disruption of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), depolymerization, decrosslinking, and changes of molecular packing in assemblies, which eventually lead to a series of macroscopic phenomenon for practical purposes. Applications of stimuli-responsive nano-assemblies in delivery, sensing and imaging were also summarized based on their structural features. We expect this review could provide readers an overview of the structural considerations in the design and applications of nanoassemblies and incentivize more explorations in stimuli-responsive soft matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hung-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yasin Alp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ruiling Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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6
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Bi T, Liang P, Zhou Y, Wang H, Huang R, Sun Q, Shen H, Yang S, Ren W, Liu Z. Rational Design of Bioorthogonally Activatable PROTAC for Tumor-Targeted Protein Degradation. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14843-14852. [PMID: 37871321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein degradation mediated by the proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) has emerged as an efficient strategy to accurately control intracellular protein levels. However, the development of PROTACs is limited by their systemic toxicity. Herein, we report a bioorthogonally activatable prodrug (BT-PROTAC) strategy to accurately control the activity of PROTACs. As a proof of concept, we introduced the highly reactive trans-cyclooctene into PROTAC molecule MZ1, the structure-acitivity relationships of which were well characterized previously, to construct the bioorthogonally activatable prodrug BT-PROTAC. Compared with MZ1, BT-PROTAC is incapable of degradation of BRD4 protein. However, BT-PROTAC can be activated by highly active tetrazine compound BODIPY-TZ in vitro. Furthermore, we could selectively degrade BRD4 protein in tumor tissue enabled by tumor-targeted tetrazine compound IR808-TZ. This strategy may represent an alternative to existing strategies and may be widely applied in the design of BT-PROTAC targeting other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bi
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Pan Liang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hong Wang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Rui Huang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qin Sun
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hongping Shen
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Sijin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Wei Ren
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zengjin Liu
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Southwest Medical University, Chunhui Road, Luzhou 646000, China
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7
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Su Q, Zhang Y, Zhu S. Site-specific albumin tagging with chloride-containing near-infrared cyanine dyes: molecular engineering, mechanism, and imaging applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13125-13138. [PMID: 37850230 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04200f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared dyes, particularly cyanine dyes, have shown great potential in biomedical imaging due to their deep tissue penetration, high resolution, and minimal tissue autofluorescence/scattering. These dyes can be adjusted in terms of absorption and emission wavelengths by modifying their chemical structures. The current issues with cyanine dyes include aggregation-induced quenching, poor photostability, and short in vivo circulation time. Encapsulating cyanine dyes with albumin, whether exogenous or endogenous, has been proven to be an effective strategy for improving their brightness and pharmacokinetics. In detail, the chloride-containing (Cl-containing) cyanine dyes have been found to selectively bind to albumin to achieve site-specific albumin tagging, resulting in enhanced optical properties and improved biosafety. This feature article provides an overview of the progress in the covalent binding of Cl-containing cyanine dyes with albumin, including molecular engineering methods, binding sites, and the selective binding mechanism. The improved optical properties of cyanine dyes and albumin complexes have led to cutting-edge applications in biological imaging, such as tumor imaging (diagnostics) and imaging-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China.
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, P. R. China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China.
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8
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Marker S, Espinoza AF, King AP, Woodfield SE, Patel RH, Baidoo K, Nix MN, Ciaramicoli LM, Chang YT, Escorcia FE, Vasudevan SA, Schnermann MJ. Development of Iodinated Indocyanine Green Analogs as a Strategy for Targeted Therapy of Liver Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1208-1215. [PMID: 37736195 PMCID: PMC10510512 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, with a significant increase in incidence worldwide. Novel therapies are needed to address this unmet clinical need. Indocyanine green (ICG) is a broadly used fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) agent for liver tumor resection and has significant potential for conversion to a targeted therapy. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and investigation of a series of iodinated ICG analogs (I-ICG), which can be used to develop ICG-based targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy. We applied a CRISPR-based screen to identify the solute carrier transporter, OATP1B3, as a likely mechanism for ICG uptake. Our lead I-ICG compound specifically localizes to tumors in mice bearing liver cancer xenografts. This study introduces the chemistry needed to incorporate iodine onto the ICG scaffold and defines the impact of these modifications on key properties, including targeting liver cancer in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra
C. Marker
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Andres F. Espinoza
- Divisions
of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department
of Surgery, Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Texas Children’s
Surgical Oncology Program and Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer
Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - A. Paden King
- Molecular
Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Sarah E. Woodfield
- Divisions
of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department
of Surgery, Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Texas Children’s
Surgical Oncology Program and Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer
Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Roma H. Patel
- Divisions
of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department
of Surgery, Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Texas Children’s
Surgical Oncology Program and Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer
Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kwamena Baidoo
- Molecular
Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Meredith N. Nix
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Larissa Miasiro Ciaramicoli
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Freddy E. Escorcia
- Molecular
Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Sanjeev A. Vasudevan
- Divisions
of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department
of Surgery, Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Texas Children’s
Surgical Oncology Program and Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer
Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Martin J. Schnermann
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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9
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Muhammad Usama S, Gao Z, Arancillo M, Burgess K. Cytotoxicities of Tumor-Seeking Dyes: Impact on Future Clinical Trials. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200561. [PMID: 36630600 PMCID: PMC10010615 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Heptamethine (Cy7) dyes with meso-Cl substituents injected intravenously (iv) into mice accumulate in tumors and persist there over several days. We believe this occurs via meso-Cl displacement by the only free cysteine residues of albumin; therefore, conjugating tumor-seeking dyes with fragments can increase selective therapeutic delivery to tumors and drug residence. This strategy has elevated significance recently because the first tumor-seeking dye-drug conjugate has moved into clinical trials. Options for further clinical research include modifying the dye, and use of preformed albumin adducts instead of dyes alone. Herein we show correlations of cytotoxicities, lipophilicities, organelle localization, apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, wound healing/migration assays, and reactivities/affinities with human serum albumin are difficult to observe. However, our studies arrived at an important conclusion: preformed dye-drug-HSA adducts are less cytotoxic, and therefore preferable for subsequent clinical work, relative to direct injection of meso-Cl-containing forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Usama
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Zhe Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Maritess Arancillo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
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10
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Cooper E, Choi PJ, Hwang K, Nam KM, Kim CY, Shaban T, Schweder P, Mee E, Correia J, Turner C, Faull RLM, Denny WA, Noguchi K, Dragunow M, Jose J, Park TIH. Elucidating the cellular uptake mechanisms of heptamethine cyanine dye analogues for their use as an anticancer drug-carrier molecule for the treatment of glioblastoma. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:696-716. [PMID: 36323652 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The development of chemotherapies for glioblastoma is hindered by their limited bioavailability and toxicity on normal brain function. To overcome these limitations, we investigated the structure-dependent activity of heptamethine cyanine dyes (HMCD), a group of tumour-specific and BBB permeable near-infrared fluorescent dyes, in both commercial (U87MG) and patient-derived GBM cell lines. HMCD analogues with strongly ionisable sulphonic acid groups were not taken up by patient-derived GBM cells, but were taken up by the U87MG cell line. HMCD uptake relies on a combination of transporter uptake through organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) and endocytosis into GBM cells. The uptake of HMCDs was not affected by p-glycoprotein efflux in GBM cells. Finally, we demonstrate structure-dependent cytotoxic activity at high concentrations (EC50 : 1-100 μM), likely due to mitochondrial damage-induced apoptosis. An in vivo orthotopic glioblastoma model highlights tumour-specific accumulation of our lead HMCD, MHI-148, for up to 7 days following a single intraperitoneal injection. These studies suggest that strongly ionisable groups like sulphonic acids hamper the cellular uptake of HMCDs in patient-derived GBM cell lines, highlighting cell line-specific differences in HMCD uptake. We envisage these findings will help in the design and structural modifications of HMCDs for drug-delivery applications for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cooper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The Hugh Green Biobank, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter J Choi
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kihwan Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung M Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Yong Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tina Shaban
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Patrick Schweder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Edward Mee
- Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Neurosurgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jason Correia
- Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Neurosurgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clinton Turner
- Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katsuya Noguchi
- Dojindo Laboratories Co., Ltd, Techno-Research Park, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The Hugh Green Biobank, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jiney Jose
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas I-H Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The Hugh Green Biobank, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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11
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Veryutin DA, Doroshenko IA, Martynova EA, Sapozhnikova KA, Svirshchevskaya EV, Shibaeva AV, Markova AA, Chistov AA, Borisova NE, Shuvalov MV, Korshun VA, Alferova VA, Podrugina TA. Probing tricarbocyanine dyes for targeted delivery of anthracyclines. Biochimie 2023; 206:12-23. [PMID: 36179940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Along with bright fluorescence in the near-IR range, heptamethine carbocyanine dyes possess affinity to cancer cells. Thus, these dyes could be utilized as fluorescent labels and vectors for drug delivery as covalent conjugates with cytotoxic compounds. To test the properties, structure-activity relationship, and scope of such conjugates, we synthesized drug-dye dyads of tricarbocyanine dyes with anthracycline drug daunorubicin. We used hydrophilic zwitterionic and hydrophobic positively charged benzoindoline-benzothiazole-based heptamethine dyes as terminal alkyne derivatives and N-acylated or oxime-linked daunorubicin as azido-derivatives. These two alkynes and two azides were coupled to each other by Cu-catalyzed Huisgen-Meldal-Sharpless cycloaddition (click reaction) to afford four conjugates. Molecules based on hydrophobic dyes possess submicromolar cytotoxicity to HCT116 cells. Cytotoxicity, cell penetration, intracellular distribution, apoptosis induction and the effect of antioxidants on toxicity were evaluated. The results show that the structure of the cyanine-anthracycline conjugate (hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, charge, linker, attachment site) is important for its biological activity, thus, expansion of the chemical space of such conjugates could provide new molecular research tools for diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Veryutin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Doroshenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Alina A Markova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow, Russia; Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Chistov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya E Borisova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V Shuvalov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Korshun
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera A Alferova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.
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12
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Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Glioblastoma Multiforme: Challenges and Opportunities for Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010059. [PMID: 36678688 PMCID: PMC9863099 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with high mortality rates. Due to its invasiveness, heterogeneity, and incomplete resection, the treatment is very challenging. Targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have great potential for GBM treatment, however, their efficacy is primarily limited by poor brain distribution due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This review focuses on the potential of TKIs in GBM therapy and provides an insight into the reasons behind unsuccessful clinical trials of TKIs in GBM despite the success in treating other cancer types. The main section is dedicated to the use of promising drug delivery strategies for targeted delivery to brain tumors. Use of brain targeted delivery strategies can help enhance the efficacy of TKIs in GBM. Among various drug delivery approaches used to bypass or cross BBB, utilizing nanocarriers is a promising strategy to augment the pharmacokinetic properties of TKIs and overcome their limitations. This is because of their advantages such as the ability to cross BBB, chemical stabilization of drug in circulation, passive or active targeting of tumor, modulation of drug release from the carrier, and the possibility to be delivered via non-invasive intranasal route.
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13
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Exner R, Cortezon-Tamarit F, Ge H, Pourzand C, Pascu SI. Unraveling the Chemistry of meso-Cl Tricarbocyanine Dyes in Conjugation Reactions for the Creation of Peptide Bonds. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:642-654. [PMID: 36573095 PMCID: PMC9782398 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tricarbocyanine dyes have become popular tools in life sciences and medicine. Their near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence makes them ideal agents for imaging of thick specimens or in vivo imaging, e.g., in fluorescence-guided surgery. Among other types of cyanine dyes, meso-Cl tricarbocyanine dyes have received a surge of interest, as it emerged that their high reactivity makes them inherently tumor-targeting. As such, significant research efforts have focused on conjugating these to functional moieties. However, the syntheses generally suffer from low yields. Hereby, we report on the reaction of meso-Cl dyes with a small selection of coupling reagents to give the corresponding keto-polymethines, potentially explaining low yields and the prevalence of monofunctionalized cyanine conjugates in the current state of the art of functional near-infrared dyes. We present the synthesis and isolation of the first keto-polymethine-based conjugate and present preliminary investigation in the prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145 by confocal microscopy and discuss changes to optical properties in biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger
M. Exner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down Road, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K.
| | | | - Haobo Ge
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down Road, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K.
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department
of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University
of Bath, Claverton Down
Road, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K.,Centre
of Therapeutic Innovations, University of
Bath, Claverton Down
Road, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K.
| | - Sofia I. Pascu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down Road, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K.,Centre
of Therapeutic Innovations, University of
Bath, Claverton Down
Road, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K.,
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14
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Sun J, Feng E, Shao Y, Lv F, Wu Y, Tian J, Sun H, Song F. A Selenium-Substituted Heptamethine Cyanine Photosensitizer for Near-Infrared Photodynamic Therapy. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200421. [PMID: 36149045 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively safe approach to cancer treatment without significant systemic side effects or drug resistance. However, the current PDT efficiency is unsatisfactory due to the lack of near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizers. Heptamethine cyanine (Cy7) dyes are well-known NIR fluorophores and are also used as photosensitizers. But their singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ ) are not ideal. Herein, we developed an NIR photosensitizer with a long-lived excited triplet state (τ=4.3 μs) by introducing a selenium atom into the structure of a Cy7 dye. The new NIR photosensitizer exhibits a significantly high singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ =0.11). Its good PDT effect was demonstrated in the living cells. Considering that the selenium-substituted photosensitizer has a very low dark cytotoxicity and good chemical stability, we conclude that it will have a promising future in biomedical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling gong Road, Hi-techZone, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Erting Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling gong Road, Hi-techZone, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Shao
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Fangyuan Lv
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yingnan Wu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jiarui Tian
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Han Sun
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Fengling Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling gong Road, Hi-techZone, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.,Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
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15
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An Insight into Symmetrical Cyanine Dyes as Promising Selective Antiproliferative Agents in Caco-2 Colorectal Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185779. [PMID: 36144515 PMCID: PMC9503608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the diseases with the highest worldwide incidence. Several cytotoxic approaches have been used over the years to overcome this public health threat, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Cyanine dyes are a class of compounds that have been extensively studied as PDT sensitisers; nevertheless, their antiproliferative potential in the absence of a light source has been scarcely explored. Herein, the synthesis of eighteen symmetric mono-, tri-, and heptamethine cyanine dyes and their evaluation as potential anticancer agents is described. The influences of the heterocyclic nature, counterion, and methine chain length on the antiproliferative effects and selectivities were analysed, and relevant structure-activity relationship data were gathered. The impact of light on the cytotoxic activity of the most promising dye was also assessed and discussed. Most of the monomethine and trimethine cyanine dyes under study demonstrated a high antiproliferative effect on human tumour cell lines of colorectal (Caco-2), breast (MCF-7), and prostate (PC-3) cancer at the initial screening (10 µM). However, concentration-viability curves showed higher potency and selectivity for the Caco-2 cell line. A monomethine cyanine dye derived from benzoxazole was the most promising compound (IC50 for Caco-2 = 0.67 µM and a selectivity index of 20.9 for Caco-2 versus normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF)) and led to Caco-2 cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Complementary in silico studies predicted good intestinal absorption and oral bioavailability for this cyanine dye.
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16
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Gao Z, Yang Z, Li Z, Burgess K. Fluorescent PARP Inhibitors Applied To Intracranial Glioblastoma: Accumulation and Persistence In Vivo. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:911-915. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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17
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Medeiros NG, Braga CA, Câmara VS, Duarte RC, Rodembusch FS. Near‐infrared fluorophores based on heptamethine cyanine dyes: from their synthesis and photophysical properties to recent optical sensing and bioimaging applications. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natália G Medeiros
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Organic Chemistry Av. Bento Goncalves 9500. Bairro Agronomia 91501-970 Porto Alegre BRAZIL
| | - Cláudia A. Braga
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Organic Chemistry Av. Bento Goncalves 9500. Bairro Agronomia 91501-970 Porto Alegre BRAZIL
| | - Viktor S Câmara
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Organic Chemistry Av. Bento Goncalves 9500. Bairro Agronomia 91501-970 Porto Alegre BRAZIL
| | - Rodrigo C Duarte
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Organic Chemistry Av. Bento Goncalves 9500. Bairro Agronomia 91501-970 Porto Alegre BRAZIL
| | - Fabiano Severo Rodembusch
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Organic Chemistry Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500Bairro Agronomia 91501-970 Porto Alegre BRAZIL
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18
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Molecular Tuning of IR-786 for Improved Tumor Imaging and Photothermal Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030676. [PMID: 35336050 PMCID: PMC8949487 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A tumor-targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore CA800Cl was developed based on commercially available IR-786 by modulating its physicochemical properties. IR-786, a hydrophobic cationic heptamethine cyanine fluorophore, was previously recognized as a mitochondria-targeting NIR agent with excellent optical properties. Owing to the poor tumor specificity of IR-786 itself, in vivo studies on tumor-targeted imaging have not yet been investigated. A chloro-cyclohexene ring and indolium side groups on the heptamethine chain are key structural features that improve tumor targetability, owing to better biodistribution and clearance. Thus, IR-786 should be designed to be more soluble in aqueous solutions so that it can preferentially accumulate in the tumor based on the structure-inherent targeting strategy. In this study, we developed a bifunctional NIR fluorophore CA800Cl by incorporating carboxylate moieties in the basic structure of IR-786. This improved its tumor targetability and water solubility, thereby enabling the use of CA800Cl for enhanced photothermal cancer therapy.
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19
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Dereje DM, Pontremoli C, Moran Plata MJ, Visentin S, Barbero N. Polymethine dyes for PDT: recent advances and perspectives to drive future applications. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:397-419. [PMID: 35103979 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been proved that the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is closely related to the intrinsic features of the photosensitizer (PS). Over the recent years, several efforts have been devoted to the discovery of novel and more efficient photosensitizers showing higher efficacy and lower side effects. In this context, squaraine and cyanine dyes have been reported to potentially overcome the drawbacks related to the traditional PSs. In fact, squaraines and cyanines are characterized by sharp and intense absorption bands and narrow emission bands with high extinction coefficients typically in the red and near-infrared region, good photo and thermal stability and a strong fluorescent emission in organic solvents. In addition, biocompatibility and low toxicity make them suitable for biological applications. Despite these interesting intrinsic features, their chemical instability and self-aggregation properties in biological media still limit their use in PDT. To overcome these drawbacks, the self-assembly and incorporation into smart nanoparticle systems are forwarded promising approaches that can control their physicochemical properties, providing rational solutions for the limitation of free dye administration in the PDT application. The present review summarizes the latest advances in squaraine and cyanine dyes for PDT application, analyzing the different strategies, i.e.the self-assembly and the incorporation into nanoparticles, to further enhance their photochemical properties and therapeutic potential. The in vivo assessments are still limited, thus further delaying their effective application in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degnet Melese Dereje
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Polypeda 01, 0026, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Carlotta Pontremoli
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Jesus Moran Plata
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Sonja Visentin
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Torino, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Nadia Barbero
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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20
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Conjugation of Palbociclib with MHI-148 Has an Increased Cytotoxic Effect for Breast Cancer Cells and an Altered Mechanism of Action. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030880. [PMID: 35164144 PMCID: PMC8840619 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, combined with endocrine therapy, has been shown to be effective in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer. However, palbociclib is not as effective in the highly aggressive, triple-negative breast cancer that lacks sensitivity to chemotherapy or endocrine therapy. We hypothesized that conjugation of the near-infrared dye MHI-148 with palbociclib can produce a potential theranostic in triple-negative, as well as estrogen receptor-positive, breast cancer cells. In our study, the conjugate was found to have enhanced activity in all mammalian cell lines tested in vitro. However, the conjugate was cytotoxic and did not induce G1 cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells, suggesting its mechanism of action differs from the parent compound palbociclib. The study highlights the importance of investigating the mechanism of conjugates of near-infrared dyes to therapeutic compounds, as conjugation can potentially result in a change of mechanism or target, with an enhanced cytotoxic effect in this case.
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21
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Choi PJ, Cooper EA, Park TIH, Denny WA, Jose J. Novel synthetic approach for accessing drug–dye conjugates for targeted tumour therapy. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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22
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Braga CB, Pilli RA, Ornelas C, Weck M. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Micelles from Poly(norbornene) Brush Triblock Copolymers for Nanotheranostics. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:5290-5306. [PMID: 34779620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This contribution describes the design and synthesis of multifunctional micelles based on amphiphilic brush block copolymers (BBCPs) for imaging and selective drug delivery of natural anticancer compounds. Well-defined BBCPs were synthesized via one-pot multi-step sequential grafting-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene-based macroinitiators. The norbornenes employed contain a poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether chain, an alkyl bromide chain, and/or a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent cyanine dye. After block copolymerization, post-polymerization transformations using bromide-azide substitution, followed by the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) allowed for the functionalization of the BBCPs with the piplartine (PPT) moiety, a natural product with well-documented cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, via an ester linker between the drug and the polymer side chain. The amphiphilic BBCPs self-assembled in aqueous media into nano-sized spherical micelles with neutral surface charges, as confirmed by dynamic light scattering analysis and transmission electron microscopy. During self-assembly, paclitaxel (PTX) could be effectively encapsulated into the hydrophobic core to form stable PTX-loaded micelles with high loading capacities and encapsulation efficiencies. The NIR fluorescent dye-containing micelles exhibited remarkable photophysical properties, excellent colloidal stability under physiological conditions, and a pH-induced disassembly under slightly acidic conditions, allowing for the release of the drug in a controlled manner. The in vitro studies demonstrated that the micelles without the drug (blank micelles) are biocompatible at concentrations of up to 1 mg mL-1 and present a high cellular internalization capacity toward MCF-7 cancer cells. The drug-functionalized micelles showed in vitro cytotoxicity comparable to free PPT and PTX against MCF-7 and PC3 cancer cells, confirming efficient drug release into the tumor environment upon cellular internalization. Furthermore, the drug-functionalized micelles exhibited higher selectivity than the pristine drugs and preferential cellular uptake in human cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and PC3) when compared to the normal breast cell line (MCF10A). This study provides an efficient strategy for the development of versatile polymeric nanosystems for drug delivery and image-guided diagnostics. Notably, the easy functionalization of BBCP side chains via SPAAC opens up the possibility for the preparation of a library of multifunctional systems containing other drugs or functionalities, such as target groups for recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne B Braga
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo CEP 13083-970, Brazil.,Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Ronaldo A Pilli
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Catia Ornelas
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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Gamage R, Li DH, Schreiber CL, Smith BD. Comparison of cRGDfK Peptide Probes with Appended Shielded Heptamethine Cyanine Dye ( s775z) for Near Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30130-30139. [PMID: 34778684 PMCID: PMC8582267 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that the sterically shielded near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent heptamethine cyanine dye, s775z, with a reactive carboxyl group produces fluorescent bioconjugates with an unsurpassed combination of high photostability and fluorescence brightness. This present contribution reports two new reactive homologues of s775z with either a maleimide group for reaction with a thiol or a strained alkyne group for reaction with an azide. Three cancer-targeting NIR fluorescent probes were synthesized, each with an appended cRGDfK peptide to provide selective affinity for integrin receptors that are overexpressed on the surface of many cancer cells including the A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells used in this study. A set of cancer cell microscopy and mouse tumor imaging experiments showed that all three probes were very effective at targeting cancer cells and tumors; however, the change in the linker structure produced a statistically significant difference in some aspects of the mouse biodistribution. The mouse studies included a mock surgical procedure that excised the subcutaneous tumors. A paired-agent fluorescence imaging experiment co-injected a binary mixture of targeted probe with 850 nm emission, an untargeted probe with 710 nm emission and determined the targeted probe's binding potential in the tumor tissue. A comparison of pixelated maps of binding potential for each excised tumor indicated a tumor-to-tumor variation of integrin expression levels, and a heterogeneous spatial distribution of integrin receptors within each tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rananjaya
S. Gamage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Dong-Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Cynthia L. Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
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Raveendran A, Poilil Surendran S, Ser J, Alam K, Cho H, Jeong YY. Heptamethine Cyanine Dye MHI-148-Mediated Drug Delivery System to Enhance the Anticancer Efficiency of Paclitaxel. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7169-7180. [PMID: 34707356 PMCID: PMC8545142 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s325322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Paclitaxel (PTX) is a conventional chemotherapeutic drug that effectively treats various cancers. The cellular uptake and therapeutic potential of PTX are limited by its slow penetration and low solubility in water. The development of cancer chemotherapy methods is currently facing considerable challenges with respect to the delivery of the drugs, particularly in targeting the tumor site without exerting detrimental effects on the healthy surrounding cells. One possibility for improving the therapeutic potential is through the development of tumor-targeted delivery methods. Methods We successfully synthesized paclitaxel-MHI-148 conjugates (PTX-MHI) by coupling PTX with the tumor-targeting heptamethine cyanine dye MHI-148. Synthesis and purification were characterized using the absorbance spectrum and the results of time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity studies were conducted in vitro and in vivo. Results PTX-MHI accumulates in tumor cells but not in normal cells, as observed by in vitro near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging along with in vivo NIRF imaging and organ biodistribution studies. We observed that MHI-148-conjugated PTX shows greater efficiency in cancer cells than PTX alone, even in the absence of light treatment. PTX-MHI could also be used for specific drug delivery to intracellular compartments, such as the mitochondria and lysosomes of cancer cells, to improve the outcomes of tumor-targeting therapy. Conclusion The results indicated that PTX-MHI-mediated cancer therapy exerts an excellent inhibitory effect on colon carcinoma (HT-29) cell growth with low toxicity in normal fibroblasts (NIH3T3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Raveendran
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Suchithra Poilil Surendran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhui Ser
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Khurshed Alam
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonsung Cho
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Yeon Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea
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25
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Long L, Tan X, Liu Z, Liu Y, Cao X, Shi C. Effects of Human Serum Albumin on the Fluorescence Intensity and Tumor Imaging Properties of IR-780 Dye. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:935-944. [PMID: 34687567 DOI: 10.1111/php.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
IR-780 is a lipophilic dye with excellent optical and tumor imaging properties for early tumor diagnostics. Although the mechanism of tumor targeting has not been fully identified, the view that serum albumin plays an important role in tumor accumulation has been recognized. Here, the mechanism of the interaction between IR-780 and HSA was studied to explore the effect of albumin on its tumor targeting properties. Data demonstrate that IR-780 can be tightly adsorbed by HSA at a ratio of 1:1 to form a noncovalent complex, which exhibits significant improvement in the near-infrared fluorescence imaging and tumor diagnosis capacity. During this process, the endogenous fluorescence and esterase activity of HSA are both partially inhibited by IR-780, and the α-helical content of HSA slightly increases. Molecular docking simulation displays that the binding site of IR-780 on HSA is between subdomains IIA and IIB. These results indicate that HSA is an important factor to mediate the optical performance of IR-780, giving it higher tumor diagnosis capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Long
- Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Tan
- Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zujuan Liu
- Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunsheng Liu
- Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
Fluorescent dyes attached to kinase inhibitors (KIs) can be used to probe kinases in vitro, in cells, and in vivo. Ideal characteristics of the dyes vary with their intended applications. Fluorophores used in vitro may inform on kinase active site environments, hence the dyes used should be small and have minimal impact on modes of binding. These probes may have short wavelength emissions since blue fluorophores are perfectly adequate in this context. Thus, for instance, KI fragments that mimic nucleobases may be modified to be fluorescent with minimal perturbation to the kinase inhibitor structure. However, progressively larger dyes, that emit at longer wavelengths, are required for cellular and in vivo work. In cells, it is necessary to have emissions above autofluorescence of biomolecules, and near infrared dyes are needed to enable excitation and observation through tissue in vivo. This review is organized to describe probes intended for applications in vitro, in cells, then in vivo. The readers will observe that the probes featured tend to become larger and responsive to the near infared end of the spectrum as the review progresses. Readers may also be surprised to realize that relatively few dyes have been used for fluorophore-kinase inhibitor conjugates, and the area is open for innovations in the types of fluorophores used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Usama
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
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Park MH, Jo G, Lee BY, Kim EJ, Hyun H. Rapid Tumor Targeting of Renal-Clearable ZW800-1 Conjugate for Efficient Photothermal Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091151. [PMID: 34572335 PMCID: PMC8470137 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores and photothermal therapy (PTT) provides a new opportunity for safe and effective cancer treatment. However, the precise molecular design of functional NIR fluorophores with desired properties, such as high tumor targetability and low nonspecific uptake, remains challenging. In this study, a renal-clearable NIR fluorophore conjugate with high tumor targetability was developed for efficient photothermal cancer therapy. The isoniazid (INH)–ZW800-1 conjugate (INH–ZW) was synthesized by conjugating an antibiotic drug, INH, with a well-known zwitterionic NIR fluorophore, ZW800-1, to improve in vivo performance and fluorescence-guided cancer phototherapy. INH–ZW not only showed rapid tumor accumulation without nonspecific tissue/organ uptake within 1 h after the injection but also generated thermal energy to induce cancer cell death under NIR laser irradiation. Compared with previously reported ZW800-1 conjugates, INH–ZW preserved the ideal biodistribution of ZW800-1 and facilitated improved tumor targeting and PTT. Together, these results demonstrate that the INH–ZW conjugate has great potential to serve as an effective PTT agent capable of rapid tumor targeting and high renal clearance, with excellent photothermal efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ho Park
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (M.H.P.); (E.J.K.)
| | - Gayoung Jo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (G.J.); (B.Y.L.)
| | - Bo Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (G.J.); (B.Y.L.)
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (M.H.P.); (E.J.K.)
| | - Hoon Hyun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (G.J.); (B.Y.L.)
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-613-792-652
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28
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Doroshenko IA, Aminulla KG, Azev VN, Kulinich TM, Vasilichin VA, Shtil AA, Podrugina TA. Synthesis of modified conformationally fixed tricarbocyanine dyes for conjugation with therapeutic agents. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Mousavi H. A comprehensive survey upon diverse and prolific applications of chitosan-based catalytic systems in one-pot multi-component synthesis of heterocyclic rings. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:1003-1166. [PMID: 34174311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are among the most prestigious and valuable chemical molecules with diverse and magnificent applications in various sciences. Due to the remarkable and numerous properties of the heterocyclic frameworks, the development of efficient and convenient synthetic methods for the preparation of such outstanding compounds is of great importance. Undoubtedly, catalysis has a conspicuous role in modern chemical synthesis and green chemistry. Therefore, when designing a chemical reaction, choosing and or preparing powerful and environmentally benign simple catalysts or complicated catalytic systems for an acceleration of the chemical reaction is a pivotal part of work for synthetic chemists. Chitosan, as a biocompatible and biodegradable pseudo-natural polysaccharide is one of the excellent choices for the preparation of suitable catalytic systems due to its unique properties. In this review paper, every effort has been made to cover all research articles in the field of one-pot synthesis of heterocyclic frameworks in the presence of chitosan-based catalytic systems, which were published roughly by the first quarter of 2020. It is hoped that this review paper can be a little help to synthetic scientists, methodologists, and catalyst designers, both on the laboratory and industrial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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30
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Poplinger D, Bokan M, Hesin A, Thankarajan E, Tuchinsky H, Gellerman G, Patsenker L. Ratiometric Fluorescence Monitoring of Antibody-Guided Drug Delivery to Cancer Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1641-1651. [PMID: 34115936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ratiometric measurements utilizing two independent fluorescence signals from a dual-dye molecular system help to improve the detection sensitivity and quantification of many analytical, bioanalytical, and pharmaceutical assays, including drug delivery monitoring. Nevertheless, these dual-dye conjugates have never been utilized for ratiometric monitoring of antibody (Ab)-guided targeted drug delivery (TDD). Here, we report for the first time on the new, dual-dye TDD system, Cy5s-Ab-Flu-Aza, comprising the switchable fluorescein-based dye (Flu) linked to the anticancer drug azatoxin (Aza), reference pentamethine cyanine dye (Cy5s), and Her2-specific humanized monoclonal Trastuzumab (Herceptin) antibody. The ability of ratiometric fluorescence monitoring of drug release was demonstrated with this model system in vitro in the example of the human breast cancer SKBR3 cell line overexpressing Her2 receptors. The proposed approach for designing ratiometric, antibody-guided TDD systems, where a "drug-switchable dye" conjugate and a reference dye are independently linked to an antibody, can be expanded to other drugs, dyes, and antibodies. Replacement of the green-emitting dye Flu, which was found not detectable in vivo, with a longer-wavelength (red or near-IR) switchable fluorophore should enable quantification of drug release in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dvir Poplinger
- Department of Chemical Sciences, the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Maksym Bokan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Arkadi Hesin
- Department of Molecular Biology, the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Ebaston Thankarajan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Helena Tuchinsky
- Department of Molecular Biology, the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Gary Gellerman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Leonid Patsenker
- Department of Chemical Sciences, the Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
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Cooper E, Choi PJ, Denny WA, Jose J, Dragunow M, Park TIH. The Use of Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes as Drug-Conjugate Systems in the Treatment of Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:654921. [PMID: 34141613 PMCID: PMC8204086 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.654921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective cancer therapeutics for brain tumors must be able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the tumor in adequate quantities and overcome the resistance conferred by the local tumor microenvironment. Clinically approved chemotherapeutic agents have been investigated for brain neoplasms, but despite their effectiveness in peripheral cancers, failed to show therapeutic success in brain tumors. This is largely due to their poor bioavailability and specificity towards brain tumors. A targeted delivery system might improve the efficacy of the candidate compounds by increasing the retention time in the tumor tissue, and minimizing the numerous side effects associated with the non-specific distribution of the chemotherapy agent. Heptamethine cyanine dyes (HMCDs) are a class of near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) compounds that have recently emerged as promising agents for drug delivery. Initially explored for their use in imaging and monitoring neoplasms, their tumor-targeting properties have recently been investigated for their use as drug carrier systems. This review will explore the recent developments in the tumour-targeting properties of a specific group of NIRF cyanine dyes and the preclinical evidence for their potential as drug-delivery systems in the treatment of primary and metastatic brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cooper
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter J. Choi
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William A. Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jiney Jose
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Hugh Green Biobank, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas I.-H. Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Neurosurgical Research Unit, The Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
Active targeting uses molecular fragments that bind receptors overexpressed on cell surfaces to deliver cargoes, and this selective delivery to diseased over healthy tissue is valuable in diagnostic imaging and therapy. For instance, targeted near-infrared (near-IR) dyes can mark tissue to be excised in surgery, and radiologists can use active targeting to concentrate agents for positron emission tomography (PET) in tumor tissue to monitor tumor metastases. Selective delivery to diseased tissue is also valuable in some treatments wherein therapeutic indexes (toxic/effective doses) are key determinants of efficacy. However, active targeting will only work for cells expressing the pivotal cell surface receptor that is targeted. That is a problem because tumors, even ones derived from the same organ, are not homogeneous, patient-to-patient variability is common, and heterogeneity can occur even in the same patient, so monotherapy with one actively targeted agent is unlikely to be uniformly effective. A particular category of fluorescent heptamethine cyanine-7 (Cy-7) dyes, here called tumor seeking dyes, offer a way to circumvent this problem because they selectively accumulate in any solid tumor. Furthermore, they persist in tumor tissue for several days, sometimes longer than 72 h. Consequently, tumor seeking dyes are near-IR fluorescent targeting agents that, unlike mAbs (monoclonal antibodies), accumulate in any solid lesion, thus overcoming tumor heterogeneity, and persist there for long periods, circumventing the rapid clearance problems that bedevil low molecular mass drugs. Small molecule imaging agents and drugs attached to tumor-seeking dyes have high therapeutic indices and long residence times in cancer cells and tumor tissue. All this sounds too good to be true. We believe most of this is true, but the controversy is associated with how and why these characteristics arise. Prior to our studies, the prevailing hypothesis, often repeated, was that tumor seeking dyes are uptaken by organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) overexpressed on cancer cells. This Account summarizes evidence indicating tumor seeking Cy-7 dyes have exceptional accumulation and persistence properties because they covalently bind to albumin in vivo. That adduct formation provides a convenient way to form albumin-bound pharmaceuticals labeled with near-IR fluorophores which can be tracked in vivo. This understanding may facilitate more rapid developments of generally applicable actively targeted reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Usama
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Yue X, Dai Z. Cyanine conjugates in cancer theranostics. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:794-809. [PMID: 33024900 PMCID: PMC7528000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanine is a meritorious fluorogenic core for the construction of fluorescent probes and its phototherapeutic potential has been enthusiastically explored as well. Alternatively, the covalent conjugation of cyanine with other potent therapeutic agents not only boosts its therapeutic efficacy but also broadens its therapeutic modality. Herein, we summarize miscellaneous cyanine-therapeutic agent conjugates in cancer theranostics from literature published between 2014 and 2020. The application scenarios of such theranostic cyanine conjugates covered common cancer therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapy, phototherapy and targeted therapy. Besides, cyanine conjugates that serve as nanocarriers for drug delivery are introduced as well. In an additional section, we analyze the potential of these conjugates for clinical translation. Overall, this review is aimed to stimulate research interest in exploring unattempted therapeutic agents and novel conjugation strategies and hopefully, accelerate clinical translation in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiuli Yue
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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