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Wang C, Li T, Wang Z, Li Y, Liu Y, Xu M, Zhang Z, Deng Y, Cai L, Zhang C, Li C. Nano-modulators with the function of disrupting mitochondrial Ca 2+ homeostasis and photothermal conversion for synergistic breast cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:465. [PMID: 38049882 PMCID: PMC10694906 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer treatment has been a global puzzle, and apoptosis strategies based on mitochondrial Ca2+ overload have attracted extensive attention. However, various limitations of current Ca2+ nanogenerators make it difficult to maintain effective Ca2+ overload concentrations. Here, we constructed a multimodal Ca2+ nano-modulator that, for the first time, combined photothermal therapy (PTT) and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload strategies to inhibit tumor development. By crosslinking sodium alginate (SA) on the surface of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles encapsulating with Cur and ICG, we prepared a synergistic Ca2+ nano-regulator SA/Cur@CaCO3-ICG (SCCI). In vitro studies have shown that SCCI further enhanced photostability while preserving the optical properties of ICG. After uptake by tumor cells, SCCI can reduce mitochondrial membrane potential and down-regulate ATP production by producing large amounts of Ca2+ at low pH. Near-infrared light radiation (NIR) laser irradiation made the tumor cells heat up sharply, which not only accelerated the decomposition of CaCO3, but also produced large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) followed by cell apoptosis. In vivo studies have revealed that the Ca2+ nano-regulators had excellent targeting, biocompatibility, and anti-tumor effects, which can significantly inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and play a direct killing effect. These findings indicated that therapeutic strategies based on ionic interference and PTT had great therapeutic potential, providing new insights into antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Science and Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Maochang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongquan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Cai
- Nuclear Medicine Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, No.1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China.
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Xiu K, Zhang J, Xu J, Chen YE, Ma PX. Recent progress in polymeric gene vectors: Delivery mechanisms, molecular designs, and applications. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011313. [PMID: 37008888 PMCID: PMC10062053 DOI: 10.1063/5.0123664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy and gene delivery have drawn extensive attention in recent years especially when the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines were developed to prevent severe symptoms caused by the corona virus. Delivering genes, such as DNA and RNA into cells, is the crucial step for successful gene therapy and remains a bottleneck. To address this issue, vehicles (vectors) that can load and deliver genes into cells are developed, including viral and non-viral vectors. Although viral gene vectors have considerable transfection efficiency and lipid-based gene vectors become popular since the application of COVID-19 vaccines, their potential issues including immunologic and biological safety concerns limited their applications. Alternatively, polymeric gene vectors are safer, cheaper, and more versatile compared to viral and lipid-based vectors. In recent years, various polymeric gene vectors with well-designed molecules were developed, achieving either high transfection efficiency or showing advantages in certain applications. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in polymeric gene vectors including the transfection mechanisms, molecular designs, and biomedical applications. Commercially available polymeric gene vectors/reagents are also introduced. Researchers in this field have never stopped seeking safe and efficient polymeric gene vectors via rational molecular designs and biomedical evaluations. The achievements in recent years have significantly accelerated the progress of polymeric gene vectors toward clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemao Xiu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Peter X. Ma
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: (734) 764-2209
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Tao L, Qing Y, Cui Y, Shi D, Liu W, Chen L, Cao Y, Dai Z, Ge X, Zhang L. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization mediated apoptosis involve in perphenazine-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Lett 2022; 367:76-87. [PMID: 35914675 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs represent a class of lysosomotropic drugs widely used in clinical practice. However, the hepatotoxicity of these drugs has been reported in recent years. Therefore, understanding the changes in cellular homeostasis mediated by these drugs is of great significance for revealing the true mechanisms underlying hepatotoxicity. Perphenazine is a classical antipsychotic drug that can reportedly induce extrapyramidal and sympatholytic side effects. The present research focuses on the toxicity effect of perphenazine on normal human hepatocytes. To assess the hepatotoxicity of continuous administration of perphenazine and investigate potential mechanisms related to apoptosis, human normal L02 hepatocytes were exposed to 10-40μM perphenazine in vitro. The results showed that perphenazine inhibited cell viability in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, 30μM perphenazine induced intense lysosome vacuolation, impaired lysosomal membrane, and induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), ultimately triggering lysosomal cell death in L02 cells. Knockdown cathepsin D(CTSD) also ameliorated perphenazine-induced liver injury via the inhibition of LMP. In vivo, ICR mice received intragastric administration of 10-180mg/kg B.W. perphenazine every other day for 21 days. 180mg/kg perphenazine significantly increased histological injury and aminotransferases compared with control. Taken together, our findings suggest that perphenazine can trigger hepatotoxicity through lysosome disruption both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tao
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yingjie Qing
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yingyue Cui
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Da Shi
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Wenting Liu
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yu Cao
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Zhen Dai
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Xiaoming Ge
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing 211198, China.
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