1
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Zheng Y, Xu R, Cheng H, Tai W. Mono-amino acid linkers enable highly potent small molecule-drug conjugates by conditional release. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1048-1060. [PMID: 38369752 PMCID: PMC11163218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The endosome cleavable linkers have been widely employed by antibody-drug conjugates and small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs) to control the accurate release of payloads. An effective linker should provide stability in systemic circulation but efficient payload release at its targeted tumor sites. This conflicting requirement always leads to linker design with increasing structural complexity. Balance of the effectiveness and structural complexity presents a linker design challenge. Here, we explored the possibility of mono-amino acid as so far the simplest cleavable linker (X-linker) for SMDC-based auristatin delivery. Within a diverse set of X-linkers, the SMDCs differed widely in bioactivity, with one (Asn-linker) having significantly improved potency (IC50 = 0.1 nM) and fast response to endosomal cathepsin B cleavage. Notably, this SMDC, once grafted with effector protein fragment crystallizable (Fc), demonstrated a profound in vivo therapeutic effect in aspects of targetability, circulation half-life (t1/2 = 73 h), stability, and anti-tumor efficacy. On the basis of these results, we believe that this mono-amino acid linker, together with the new SMDC-Fc scaffold, has significant potential in targeted delivery application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Ruolin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Wanyi Tai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
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2
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Hejmady S, Pradhan R, Kumari S, Pandey M, Dubey SK, Taliyan R. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity considerations for antibody-drug conjugates: an overview. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1193-1202. [PMID: 37724472 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) is one of the fastest-growing drug-delivery systems. It involves a monoclonal antibody conjugated with payload via a ligand that directly targets the expressive protein of diseased cell. Hence, it reduces systemic exposure and provides site-specific delivery along with reduced toxicity. Because of this advantage, researchers have gained interest in this novel system. ADCs have displayed great promise in drug delivery and biomedical applications. However, a lack of understanding exists on their mechanisms of biodistribution, metabolism and side effects. To gain a better understanding of the therapeutics, careful consideration of the pharmacokinetics and toxicity needs to be undertaken. In this review, different pharmacokinetics parameters including distribution, bioanalysis and heterogeneity are discussed for developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhanth Hejmady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Rajesh Pradhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Shobha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Meghna Pandey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Sunil K Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
- Medical Research, R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, Kolkata 700056, India
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
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3
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Zana A, Galbiati A, Gilardoni E, Bocci M, Millul J, Sturm T, Stucchi R, Elsayed A, Nadal L, Cirillo M, Roll W, Stegger L, Asmus I, Backhaus P, Schäfers M, Neri D, Cazzamalli S. Fibroblast Activation Protein Triggers Release of Drug Payload from Non-internalizing Small Molecule Drug Conjugates in Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:5440-5454. [PMID: 36215129 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Small molecule drug conjugates (SMDC) are modular anticancer prodrugs that include a tumor-targeting small organic ligand, a cleavable linker, and a potent cytotoxic agent. Most of the SMDC products that have been developed for clinical applications target internalizing tumor-associated antigens on the surface of tumor cells. We have recently described a novel non-internalizing small organic ligand (named OncoFAP) of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a tumor-associated antigen highly expressed in the stroma of most solid human malignancies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this article, we describe a new series of OncoFAP-Drug derivatives based on monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE; a potent cytotoxic tubulin poison) and dipeptide linkers that are selectively cleaved by FAP in the tumor microenvironment. RESULTS The tumor-targeting potential of OncoFAP was confirmed in patients with cancer using nuclear medicine procedures. We used mass spectrometry methodologies to quantify the amount of prodrug delivered to tumors and normal organs, as well as the efficiency of the drug release process. Linkers previously exploited for anticancer drug conjugates were used as benchmark. We identified OncoFAP-Gly-Pro-MMAE as the best performing SMDC, which has now been prioritized for further clinical development. OncoFAP-Gly-Pro-MMAE selectively delivered more than 10% injected dose per gram of MMAE to FAP-positive tumors, with a tumor-to-kidney ratio of 16:1 at 24 hours post-injection. CONCLUSIONS The FAP-specific drug conjugates described in this article promise to be efficacious for the targeting of human malignancies. The extracellular release of potent anticancer payloads mediates durable complete remission in difficult-to-treat animal models of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aureliano Zana
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Galbiati
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Matilde Bocci
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Millul
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theo Sturm
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Abdullah Elsayed
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Nadal
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Cirillo
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician," University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Roll
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lars Stegger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Inga Asmus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Backhaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dario Neri
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland.,Philogen S.p.A., Siena, Italy
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4
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Gilardoni E, Zana A, Galbiati A, Sturm T, Millul J, Cazzamalli S, Neri D, Stucchi R. Mass Spectrometry-Based Method for the Determination of the Biodistribution of Tumor-Targeting Small Molecule-Metal Conjugates. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10715-10721. [PMID: 35820828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear medicine plays a key role in modern diagnosis and cancer therapy. The development of tumor-targeting radionuclide conjugates (also named small molecule-radio conjugates (SMRCs)) represents a significant improvement over the clinical use of metabolic radiotracers (e.g., [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose) for imaging and over the application of biocidal external beam radiations for therapy. During the discovery of SMRCs, molecular candidates must be carefully evaluated typically by performing biodistribution assays in preclinical tumor models. Quantification methodologies based on radioactive counts are typically demanding due to safety concerns, availability of radioactive materials, and infrastructures. In this article, we report the development of a mass spectrometry (MS)-based method for the detection and quantification of small molecule-metal conjugates (SMMCs) as cold surrogates of SMRCs. We applied this methodology for the evaluation of the biodistribution of a particular class of tumor-targeting drug candidates based on natLu, natGa, and natF and directed against fibroblast activation protein (FAP). The reliability of the liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS) analysis was validated by a direct comparison of MS-based and radioactivity-based biodistribution data. The results show that MS biodistribution of stable isotope metal conjugates is an orthogonal tool for the preclinical characterization of different classes of radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Gilardoni
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aureliano Zana
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Galbiati
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Theo Sturm
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Millul
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dario Neri
- Philogen S.P.A., Via Bellaria 35, I-53018 Sovicille, Siena, Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Stucchi
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Mahmood I. A Simple Method for the Prediction of Human Concentration-Time Profiles and Pharmacokinetics of Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADC) from Rats or Monkeys. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11020042. [PMID: 35735361 PMCID: PMC9219807 DOI: 10.3390/antib11020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of human concentration-time profiles from animal data can be useful during early drug development. The objective of this study is to predict human concentration-time profiles of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and subsequently predict pharmacokinetic parameters in humans from rats or monkeys. Eight methods with different exponents of volume of distribution (0.8-1) as well as exponents of clearance (0.85), along with the exponents of volume of distribution for 5 ADCs, were used to predict human concentration-time profiles. The PK parameters were also scaled to humans from monkeys or rats using fixed exponents and compared with the PK parameters predicted from predicted human concentration-time profiles. The results of the study indicated that the exponent 0.9 and the combination of exponents of 0.9 and 0.8 (two exponents, 0.8 and 0.9, were used) were the best method to predict human concentration-time profiles and, subsequently, human PK parameters. The predicted PK parameters from fixed exponents were comparable with the predicted PK parameters estimated from human concentration-time profiles. The proposed methods are applicable to rats or monkeys with the same degree of accuracy. Overall, the proposed methods are robust, accurate, and cost- and time-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftekhar Mahmood
- Mahmood Clinical Pharmacology Consultancy, LLC., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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6
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Teicher BA, Morris J. Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targets, Drugs and Linkers. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:463-529. [PMID: 35209819 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220224110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates offer the possibility of directing powerful cytotoxic agents to a malignant tumor while sparing normal tissue. The challenge is to select an antibody target expressed exclusively or at highly elevated levels on the surface of tumor cells and either not all or at low levels on normal cells. The current review explores 78 targets that have been explored as antibody-drug conjugate targets. Some of these targets have been abandoned, 9 or more are the targets of FDA-approved drugs, and most remain active clinical interest. Antibody-drug conjugates require potent cytotoxic drug payloads, several of these small molecules are discussed, as are the linkers between the protein component and small molecule components of the conjugates. Finally, conclusions regarding the elements for the successful antibody-drug conjugate are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,United States
| | - Joel Morris
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,United States
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7
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Vollmar BS, Frantz C, Schutten MM, Zhong F, Del Rosario G, Go MAT, Yu SF, Leipold DD, Kamath AV, Ng C, Xu K, Dela Cruz-Chuh J, Kozak KR, Chen J, Xu Z, Wai J, Adhikari P, Erickson HK, Dragovich PS, Polson AG, Pillow TH. Calicheamicin Antibody-Drug Conjugates with Improved Properties. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1112-1120. [PMID: 33722856 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Calicheamicin antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are effective therapeutics for leukemias with two recently approved in the United States: Mylotarg (gemtuzumab ozogamicin) targeting CD33 for acute myeloid leukemia and Besponsa (inotuzumab ozogamicin) targeting CD22 for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Both of these calicheamicin ADCs are heterogeneous, aggregation-prone, and have a shortened half-life due to the instability of the acid-sensitive hydrazone linker in circulation. We hypothesized that we could improve upon the heterogeneity, aggregation, and circulation stability of calicheamicin ADCs by directly attaching the thiol of a reduced calicheamicin to an engineered cysteine on the antibody via a disulfide bond to generate a linkerless and traceless conjugate. We report herein that the resulting homogeneous conjugates possess minimal aggregation and display high in vivo stability with 50% of the drug remaining conjugated to the antibody after 21 days. Furthermore, these calicheamicin ADCs are highly efficacious in mouse models of both solid tumor (HER2+ breast cancer) and hematologic malignancies (CD22+ non-Hodgkin lymphoma). Safety studies in rats with this novel calicheamicin ADC revealed an increased tolerability compared with that reported for Mylotarg. Overall, we demonstrate that applying novel linker chemistry with site-specific conjugation affords an improved, next-generation calicheamicin ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Frantz
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Fiona Zhong
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Carl Ng
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | - Zijin Xu
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - John Wai
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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8
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Mahmood I. Interspecies Scaling of Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADC) for the Prediction of Human Clearance. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:antib10010001. [PMID: 33430196 PMCID: PMC7839014 DOI: 10.3390/antib10010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Allometric scaling is a useful tool for the extrapolation of pharmacokinetic parameters from animals to humans. The objective of this study was to predict human clearance of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) allometrically from one to three animal species and compare the predicted human clearance with the observed human clearance. For three animal species allometric scaling, the "Rule of Exponents" (ROE) was used. The results of the study indicated that three-species allometric scaling in association with the ROE provides acceptable prediction (within 0.5-2-fold prediction error) of human clearance. The two-species allometric scaling resulted in substantial prediction error. One-species scaling using a fixed exponent of 1.0 provided acceptable prediction error (within 0.5-2-fold) by monkey, rat, and mouse, in which monkey and rat were comparable. Overall, the predicted human clearance values of ADCs from animal(s) was good. The allometric method proposed in this article can be used to predict human clearance from the animal data and subsequently to select the first-in-human dose of ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftekhar Mahmood
- Mahmood Clinical Pharmacology Consultancy, LLC, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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9
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Cahuzac H, Devel L. Analytical Methods for the Detection and Quantification of ADCs in Biological Matrices. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120462. [PMID: 33327644 PMCID: PMC7765153 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) is a one of the critical steps enabling their successful development and optimization. Their complex structure combining large and small molecule characteristics brought out multiple bioanalytical methods to decipher the behavior and fate of both components in vivo. In this respect, these methods must provide insights into different key elements including half-life and blood stability of the construct, premature release of the drug, whole-body biodistribution, and amount of the drug accumulated within the targeted pathological tissues, all of them being directly related to efficacy and safety of the ADC. In this review, we will focus on the main strategies enabling to quantify and characterize ADCs in biological matrices and discuss their associated technical challenges and current limitations.
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10
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Wan YL, Sapra P, Bolton J, Chua JX, Durrant LG, Stern PL. Combination Treatment with an Antibody-Drug Conjugate (A1mcMMAF) Targeting the Oncofetal Glycoprotein 5T4 and Carboplatin Improves Survival in a Xenograft Model of Ovarian Cancer. Target Oncol 2020; 14:465-477. [PMID: 31332693 PMCID: PMC6684567 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-019-00650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Recurrence occurs in over 75% of women with epithelial ovarian cancer despite optimal treatment. Selectively killing tumour cells thought to initiate relapse using an antibody–drug conjugate could prolong progression-free survival and offer an improved side-effect profile. A1mcMMAF is an antibody–drug conjugate designed to target cells expressing the tumour-associated antigen 5T4. It has shown to be efficacious in various cell line models and have a greater impact when combined with routine chemotherapeutic regimes. Objectives This study aims to explore the potential for the use of a 5T4 antibody–drug conjugate in women with ovarian cancer both as a monotherapy and in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis was used to assess 5T4 expression in tumours from patients with ovarian cancer. Effectiveness of A1mcMMAF therapy as a single agent and in combination with carboplatin was assessed in vitro in the ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and confirmed in vivo using a serial bioluminescence assay in a SKOV3 xenograft model of ovarian cancer. Results 5T4 is confirmed as suitably expressed in epithelial ovarian cancers prior to adjuvant therapy and is an independent predictor of poor survival. A1mcMMAF showed specific activity, both in vitro and in vivo, against SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. When used in combination with carboplatin, in vivo tumour growth was inhibited resulting in prolonged survival in a SKOV3 xenograft model. Conclusions These data support further investigation of A1mcMMAF in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian and other cancer treatments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11523-019-00650-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Louise Wan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, 5th Floor Research, St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Puja Sapra
- Oncology Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY, 10954, USA
| | - James Bolton
- Department of Histopathology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Jia Xin Chua
- Academic Clinical Oncology, The University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Lindy G Durrant
- Academic Clinical Oncology, The University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Peter L Stern
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
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11
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Merlino G, Fiascarelli A, Bigioni M, Bressan A, Carrisi C, Bellarosa D, Salerno M, Bugianesi R, Manno R, Bernadó Morales C, Arribas J, Dusek RL, Ackroyd JE, Pham PH, Awdew R, Aud D, Trang M, Lynch CM, Terrett J, Wilson KE, Rohlff C, Manzini S, Pellacani A, Binaschi M. MEN1309/OBT076, a First-In-Class Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting CD205 in Solid Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1533-1543. [PMID: 31227646 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD205 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and is a member of the C-type lectin receptor family. Analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that CD205 was robustly expressed and highly prevalent in a variety of solid malignancies from different histotypes. IHC confirmed the increased expression of CD205 in pancreatic, bladder, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared with that in the corresponding normal tissues. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, rapid internalization of the CD205 antigen was observed. These results supported the development of MEN1309/OBT076, a fully humanized CD205-targeting mAb conjugated to DM4, a potent maytansinoid derivate, via a cleavable N-succinimidyl-4-(2-pyridyldithio) butanoate linker. MEN1309/OBT076 was characterized in vitro for target binding affinity, mechanism of action, and cytotoxic activity against a panel of cancer cell lines. MEN1309/OBT076 displayed selective and potent cytotoxic effects against tumor cells exhibiting strong and low to moderate CD205 expression. In vivo, MEN1309/OBT076 showed potent antitumor activity resulting in durable responses and complete tumor regressions in many TNBC, pancreatic, and bladder cancer cell line-derived and patient-derived xenograft models, independent of antigen expression levels. Finally, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic profile of MEN1309/OBT076 was characterized in pancreatic tumor-bearing mice, demonstrating that the serum level of antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) achieved through dosing was consistent with the kinetics of its antitumor activity. Overall, our data demonstrate that MEN1309/OBT076 is a novel and selective ADC with potent activity against CD205-positive tumors. These data supported the clinical development of MEN1309/OBT076, and further evaluation of this ADC is currently ongoing in the first-in-human SHUTTLE clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Merlino
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Pomezia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessio Fiascarelli
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Bigioni
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bressan
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Carrisi
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Bellarosa
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Salerno
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossana Bugianesi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Menarini Ricerche, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Bernadó Morales
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall D'Hebron, Institute of Oncology and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncologia (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Arribas
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall D'Hebron, Institute of Oncology and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncologia (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Rahel Awdew
- Oxford BioTherapeutics, Ltd., Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Dee Aud
- Oxford BioTherapeutics, Ltd., Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Trang
- Oxford BioTherapeutics, Ltd., Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Monica Binaschi
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
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12
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Li C, Dong L, Kamali A, Sugimoto H, Abdul-Hadi K, Chen S, Abu-Yousif A, Qian MG. An LC/MS based method to quantify DNA adduct in tumor and organ tissues. Anal Biochem 2019; 568:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Bumbaca B, Li Z, Shah DK. Pharmacokinetics of protein and peptide conjugates. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 34:42-54. [PMID: 30573392 PMCID: PMC6378135 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein and peptide conjugates have become an important component of therapeutic and diagnostic medicine. These conjugates are primarily designed to improve pharmacokinetics (PK) of those therapeutic or imaging agents, which do not possess optimal disposition characteristics. In this review we have summarized preclinical and clinical PK of diverse protein and peptide conjugates, and have showcased how different conjugation approaches are used to obtain the desired PK. We have classified the conjugates into peptide conjugates, non-targeted protein conjugates, and targeted protein conjugates, and have highlighted diagnostic and therapeutic applications of these conjugates. In general, peptide conjugates demonstrate very short half-life and rapid renal elimination, and they are mainly designed to achieve high contrast ratio for imaging agents or to deliver therapeutic agents at sites not reachable by bulky or non-targeted proteins. Conjugates made from non-targeted proteins like albumin are designed to increase the half-life of rapidly eliminating therapeutic or imaging agents, and improve their delivery to tissues like solid tumors and inflamed joints. Targeted protein conjugates are mainly developed from antibodies, antibody derivatives, or endogenous proteins, and they are designed to improve the contrast ratio of imaging agents or therapeutic index of therapeutic agents, by enhancing their delivery to the site-of-action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Bumbaca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, USA
| | - Dhaval K Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, USA.
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Yang C, Zhao X, Sun X, Li J, Wang W, Zhang L, Gou S. Preclinical pharmacokinetics of a novel anti-c-Met antibody–drug conjugate, SHR-A1403, in rodents and non-human primates. Xenobiotica 2019; 49:1097-1105. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1534030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Yang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- Shanghai InnoStar Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Sun
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Shanghai InnoStar Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiang Wang
- Shanghai InnoStar Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Eavarone DA, Al-Alem L, Lugovskoy A, Prendergast JM, Nazer RI, Stein JN, Dransfield DT, Behrens J, Rueda BR. Humanized anti-Sialyl-Tn antibodies for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201314. [PMID: 30052649 PMCID: PMC6063429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of Sialyl-Tn (STn) in tumors is associated with metastatic disease, poor prognosis, and reduced overall survival. STn is expressed on ovarian cancer biomarkers including CA-125 (MUC16) and MUC1, and elevated serum levels of STn in ovarian cancer patients correlate with lower five-year survival rates. In the current study, we humanized novel anti-STn antibodies and demonstrated the retention of nanomolar (nM) target affinity while maintaining STn antigen selectivity. STn antibodies conjugated to Monomethyl Auristatin E (MMAE-ADCs) demonstrated in vitro cytotoxicity specific to STn-expressing ovarian cancer cell lines and tumor growth inhibition in vivo with both ovarian cancer cell line- and patient-derived xenograft models. We further validated the clinical potential of these STn-ADCs through tissue cross-reactivity and cynomolgus monkey toxicity studies. No membrane staining for STn was present in any organs of human or cynomolgus monkey origin, and the toxicity profile was favorable and only revealed MMAE-class associated events with none being attributed to the targeting of STn. The up-regulation of STn in ovarian carcinoma in combination with high affinity and STn-specific selectivity of the mAbs presented herein warrant further investigation for anti-STn antibody-drug conjugates in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linah Al-Alem
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Rawan I. Nazer
- Siamab Therapeutics, Inc., Newton, MA, United States of America
| | - Jenna N. Stein
- Siamab Therapeutics, Inc., Newton, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Jeff Behrens
- Siamab Therapeutics, Inc., Newton, MA, United States of America
| | - Bo R. Rueda
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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16
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Dou XQ, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang F, Xu GL, Xu CC, Xu HH, Xiang SS, Fu J, Song HF. Aptamer-drug conjugate: targeted delivery of doxorubicin in a HER3 aptamer-functionalized liposomal delivery system reduces cardiotoxicity. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:763-776. [PMID: 29440899 PMCID: PMC5804143 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s149887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The toxic side effects of doxorubicin (DOX) have limited its use in chemotherapy. Neither liposomal DOX nor pegylated liposomal DOX are able to completely resolve this issue. This is a proof-of-concept study testing aptamer-drug conjugate (ApDC) targeted delivery systems for chemotherapeutic drugs. Methods Aptamer library targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) was screened and affinity was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specificity was tested in MCF-7HER3-high, BT474HER3-high, and 293THER3-negative cells using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. We further developed a HER3 aptamer-functionalized liposome encapsulating DOX and the efficiency of this ApDC was detected by cellular uptake analysis and cell viability assay. In MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice, tumor targeting evaluation, efficacy, toxicity and preliminary pharmocokinetic study was performed. Results The candidate #13 aptamer had highest affinity (Kd =98±9.7 nM) and specificity. ApDC effectively reduces the half maximal inhibitory concentration of DOX compared with lipsome-DOX and free DOX. In vivo imaging and preliminary distribution studies showed that actively targeted nanoparticles, such as Apt-Lip-DOX molecules, could facilitate the delivery of DOX into tumors in MCF-7-bearing mice. This targeted chemotherapy caused greater tumor suppression than other groups and alleviated side effects such as weight loss, low survival rate, and organ (heart and liver) injury demonstrated by H&E staining. Conclusion The results indicate that targeted chemotherapy using the aptamer-drug conjugate format could provide better tolerability and efficacy compared with non-targeted delivery in relatively low-dose toxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Dou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Ophthalmology Department, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Bioanalysis Department, United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Bioanalysis Department, United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Li Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Hua Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shen-Si Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Feng Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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17
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LC–MS Challenges in Characterizing and Quantifying Monoclonal Antibodies (mAb) and Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADC) in Biological Samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Hinrichs MJM, Ryan PM, Zheng B, Afif-Rider S, Yu XQ, Gunsior M, Zhong H, Harper J, Bezabeh B, Vashisht K, Rebelatto M, Reed M, Ryan PC, Breen S, Patel N, Chen C, Masterson L, Tiberghien A, Howard PW, Dimasi N, Dixit R. Fractionated Dosing Improves Preclinical Therapeutic Index of Pyrrolobenzodiazepine-Containing Antibody Drug Conjugates. Clin Cancer Res 2017. [PMID: 28630216 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To use preclinical models to identify a dosing schedule that improves tolerability of highly potent pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers (PBDs) antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) without compromising antitumor activity.Experimental Design: A series of dose-fractionation studies were conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetic drivers of safety and efficacy of PBD ADCs in animal models. The exposure-activity relationship was investigated in mouse xenograft models of human prostate cancer, breast cancer, and gastric cancer by comparing antitumor activity after single and fractionated dosing with tumor-targeting ADCs conjugated to SG3249, a potent PBD dimer. The exposure-tolerability relationship was similarly investigated in rat and monkey toxicology studies by comparing tolerability, as assessed by survival, body weight, and organ-specific toxicities, after single and fractionated dosing with ADCs conjugated to SG3249 (rats) or SG3400, a structurally related PBD (monkeys).Results: Observations of similar antitumor activity in mice treated with single or fractionated dosing suggests that antitumor activity of PBD ADCs is more closely related to total exposure (AUC) than peak drug concentrations (Cmax). In contrast, improved survival and reduced toxicity in rats and monkeys treated with a fractionated dosing schedule suggests that tolerability of PBD ADCs is more closely associated with Cmax than AUC.Conclusions: We provide the first evidence that fractionated dosing can improve preclinical tolerability of at least some PBD ADCs without compromising efficacy. These findings suggest that preclinical exploration of dosing schedule could be an important clinical strategy to improve the therapeutic window of highly potent ADCs and should be investigated further. Clin Cancer Res; 23(19); 5858-68. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauline M Ryan
- Biologics Safety Assessment, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Bo Zheng
- Clinical Pharmacology and DMPK, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - Xiang Qing Yu
- Clinical Pharmacology and DMPK, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Michele Gunsior
- Clinical Pharmacology and DMPK, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Haihong Zhong
- Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Jay Harper
- Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Binyam Bezabeh
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Kapil Vashisht
- Biologics Safety Assessment, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - Molly Reed
- Biologics Safety Assessment, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Patricia C Ryan
- Biologics Safety Assessment, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Shannon Breen
- Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Neki Patel
- Spirogen Ltd., QMB Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cui Chen
- Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Luke Masterson
- Spirogen Ltd., QMB Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nazzareno Dimasi
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Rakesh Dixit
- Biologics Safety Assessment, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
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19
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Zhang D, Yu SF, Ma Y, Xu K, Dragovich PS, Pillow TH, Liu L, Del Rosario G, He J, Pei Z, Sadowsky JD, Erickson HK, Hop CECA, Khojasteh SC. Chemical Structure and Concentration of Intratumor Catabolites Determine Efficacy of Antibody Drug Conjugates. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 44:1517-23. [PMID: 27417182 PMCID: PMC4998580 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.070631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent technological advances in quantifying antibody drug conjugate (ADC) species, such as total antibody, conjugated antibody, conjugated drug, and payload drug in circulation, the correlation of their exposures with the efficacy of ADC outcomes in vivo remains challenging. Here, the chemical structures and concentrations of intratumor catabolites were investigated to better understand the drivers of ADC in vivo efficacy. Anti-CD22 disulfide-linked pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD-dimer) conjugates containing methyl- and cyclobutyl-substituted disulfide linkers exhibited strong efficacy in a WSU-DLCL2 xenograft mouse model, whereas an ADC derived from a cyclopropyl linker was inactive. Total ADC antibody concentrations and drug-to-antibody ratios (DAR) in circulation were similar between the cyclobutyl-containing ADC and the cyclopropyl-containing ADC; however, the former afforded the release of the PBD-dimer payload in the tumor, but the latter only generated a nonimmolating thiol-containing catabolite that did not bind to DNA. These results suggest that intratumor catabolite analysis rather than systemic pharmacokinetic analysis may be used to better explain and predict ADC in vivo efficacy. These are good examples to demonstrate that the chemical nature and concentration of intratumor catabolites depend on the linker type used for drug conjugation, and the potency of the released drug moiety ultimately determines the ADC in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglu Zhang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (D.Z., Y.M., C.E.C.A.H, S.C.K.), Translational Oncology (S.Y., G.D.R.), BioAnalytical Sciences (K.X., L.L., J.H.), Discovery Chemistry (P.S.D., T.H.P., Z.P.), Protein Chemistry (J.D.S., H.K.E.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (D.Z., Y.M., C.E.C.A.H, S.C.K.), Translational Oncology (S.Y., G.D.R.), BioAnalytical Sciences (K.X., L.L., J.H.), Discovery Chemistry (P.S.D., T.H.P., Z.P.), Protein Chemistry (J.D.S., H.K.E.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Yong Ma
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (D.Z., Y.M., C.E.C.A.H, S.C.K.), Translational Oncology (S.Y., G.D.R.), BioAnalytical Sciences (K.X., L.L., J.H.), Discovery Chemistry (P.S.D., T.H.P., Z.P.), Protein Chemistry (J.D.S., H.K.E.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Keyang Xu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (D.Z., Y.M., C.E.C.A.H, S.C.K.), Translational Oncology (S.Y., G.D.R.), BioAnalytical Sciences (K.X., L.L., J.H.), Discovery Chemistry (P.S.D., T.H.P., Z.P.), Protein Chemistry (J.D.S., H.K.E.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Peter S Dragovich
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (D.Z., Y.M., C.E.C.A.H, S.C.K.), Translational Oncology (S.Y., G.D.R.), BioAnalytical Sciences (K.X., L.L., J.H.), Discovery Chemistry (P.S.D., T.H.P., Z.P.), Protein Chemistry (J.D.S., H.K.E.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas H Pillow
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (D.Z., Y.M., C.E.C.A.H, S.C.K.), Translational Oncology (S.Y., G.D.R.), BioAnalytical Sciences (K.X., L.L., J.H.), Discovery Chemistry (P.S.D., T.H.P., Z.P.), Protein Chemistry (J.D.S., H.K.E.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Luna Liu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (D.Z., Y.M., C.E.C.A.H, S.C.K.), Translational Oncology (S.Y., G.D.R.), BioAnalytical Sciences (K.X., L.L., J.H.), Discovery Chemistry (P.S.D., T.H.P., Z.P.), Protein Chemistry (J.D.S., H.K.E.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Geoffrey Del Rosario
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (D.Z., Y.M., C.E.C.A.H, S.C.K.), Translational Oncology (S.Y., G.D.R.), BioAnalytical Sciences (K.X., L.L., J.H.), Discovery Chemistry (P.S.D., T.H.P., Z.P.), Protein Chemistry (J.D.S., H.K.E.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jintang He
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (D.Z., Y.M., C.E.C.A.H, S.C.K.), Translational Oncology (S.Y., G.D.R.), BioAnalytical Sciences (K.X., L.L., J.H.), Discovery Chemistry (P.S.D., T.H.P., Z.P.), Protein Chemistry (J.D.S., H.K.E.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Zhonghua Pei
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (D.Z., Y.M., C.E.C.A.H, S.C.K.), Translational Oncology (S.Y., G.D.R.), BioAnalytical Sciences (K.X., L.L., J.H.), Discovery Chemistry (P.S.D., T.H.P., Z.P.), Protein Chemistry (J.D.S., H.K.E.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jack D Sadowsky
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (D.Z., Y.M., C.E.C.A.H, S.C.K.), Translational Oncology (S.Y., G.D.R.), BioAnalytical Sciences (K.X., L.L., J.H.), Discovery Chemistry (P.S.D., T.H.P., Z.P.), Protein Chemistry (J.D.S., H.K.E.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Hans K Erickson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (D.Z., Y.M., C.E.C.A.H, S.C.K.), Translational Oncology (S.Y., G.D.R.), BioAnalytical Sciences (K.X., L.L., J.H.), Discovery Chemistry (P.S.D., T.H.P., Z.P.), Protein Chemistry (J.D.S., H.K.E.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Cornelis E C A Hop
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (D.Z., Y.M., C.E.C.A.H, S.C.K.), Translational Oncology (S.Y., G.D.R.), BioAnalytical Sciences (K.X., L.L., J.H.), Discovery Chemistry (P.S.D., T.H.P., Z.P.), Protein Chemistry (J.D.S., H.K.E.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - S Cyrus Khojasteh
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (D.Z., Y.M., C.E.C.A.H, S.C.K.), Translational Oncology (S.Y., G.D.R.), BioAnalytical Sciences (K.X., L.L., J.H.), Discovery Chemistry (P.S.D., T.H.P., Z.P.), Protein Chemistry (J.D.S., H.K.E.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
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20
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Giddabasappa A, Gupta VR, Norberg R, Gupta P, Spilker ME, Wentland J, Rago B, Eswaraka J, Leal M, Sapra P. Biodistribution and Targeting of Anti-5T4 Antibody-Drug Conjugate Using Fluorescence Molecular Tomography. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2530-2540. [PMID: 27466353 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding a drug's whole-body biodistribution and tumor targeting can provide important information regarding efficacy, safety, and dosing parameters. Current methods to evaluate biodistribution include in vivo imaging technologies like positron electron tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography or ex vivo quantitation of drug concentrations in tissues using autoradiography and standard biochemical assays. These methods use radioactive compounds or are cumbersome and do not give whole-body information. Here, for the first time, we show the utility of fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) imaging to determine the biodistribution and targeting of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). An anti-5T4-antibody (5T4-Ab) and 5T4-ADC were conjugated with a near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore VivoTag 680XL (VT680). Both conjugated compounds were stable as determined by SEC-HPLC and plasma stability studies. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy studies showed that VT680-conjugated 5T4-ADC specifically bound 5T4-expressing cells in vitro and also exhibited a similar cytotoxicity profile as the unconjugated 5T4-ADC. In vivo biodistribution and tumor targeting in an H1975 subcutaneous xenograft model demonstrated no significant differences between accumulation of VT680-conjugated 5T4-Ab or 5T4-ADC in either normal tissues or tumor. In addition, quantitation of heart signal from FMT imaging showed good correlation with the plasma pharmacokinetic profile suggesting that it (heart FMT imaging) may be a surrogate for plasma drug clearance. These results demonstrate that conjugation of VT680 to 5T4-Ab or 5T4-ADC does not change the behavior of native biologic, and FMT imaging can be a useful tool to understand biodistribution and tumor-targeting kinetics of antibodies, ADCs, and other biologics. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(10); 2530-40. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Giddabasappa
- Global Science & Technology - Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California.
| | - Vijay R Gupta
- Global Science & Technology - Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Rand Norberg
- Global Science & Technology - Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Parul Gupta
- Global Science & Technology - Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Mary E Spilker
- Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Joann Wentland
- Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Brian Rago
- Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Jeetendra Eswaraka
- Global Science & Technology - Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Mauricio Leal
- Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Pearl River, New York
| | - Puja Sapra
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Pearl River, New York
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