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Wang X, Pu J. Recent Advances in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for Imaging of Acute Myocardial Infarction. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301170. [PMID: 37992241 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the primary causes of death worldwide, with a high incidence and mortality rate. Assessment of the infarcted and surviving myocardium, along with microvascular obstruction, is crucial for risk stratification, treatment, and prognosis in patients with AMI. Nonionizing radiation, excellent soft tissue contrast resolution, a large field of view, and multiplane imaging make cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) a "one-stop" method for assessing cardiac structure, function, perfusion, and metabolism. Hence, this imaging technology is considered the "gold standard" for evaluating myocardial function and viability in AMI. This review critically compares the advantages and disadvantages of CMR with other cardiac imaging technologies, and relates the imaging findings to the underlying pathophysiological processes in AMI. A more thorough understanding of CMR technology will clarify their advanced clinical diagnosis and prognostic assessment applications, and assess the future approaches and challenges of CMR in the setting of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, 200127, China
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2
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Sung B, Kim HK, Baek AR, Yang BW, Kim YH, Choi G, Park HJ, Kim M, Lee J, Chang Y. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Conjugated with Gadolinium (III) Complex as an Anti-Inflammatory MRI Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076870. [PMID: 37047841 PMCID: PMC10095586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have been actively conducted to ensure that gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are accompanied by various biological functions. A new example is the anti-inflammatory theragnostic MRI agent to target inflammatory mediators for imaging diagnosis and to treat inflammatory diseases simultaneously. We designed, synthesized, and characterized a Gd complex of 1,4,7-tris(carboxymethylaza) cyclododecane-10-azaacetylamide (DO3A) conjugated with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exerts the innate therapeutic effect of NSAIDs and is also applicable in MRI diagnostics. Gd-DO3A-fen (0.1 mmol/kg) was intravenously injected into the turpentine oil-induced mouse model, with Gd-DO3A-BT as a control group. In the in vivo MRI experiment, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was higher and persisted longer than that with Gd-DO3A-BT; specifically, the CNR difference was almost five times at 2 h after injection. Gd-DO3A-fen had a binding affinity (Ka) of 6.68 × 106 M-1 for the COX-2 enzyme, which was 2.1-fold higher than that of fenbufen, the original NSAID. In vivo evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity was performed in two animal models. In the turpentine oil-induced model, the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory parameters such as COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were reduced, and in the carrageenan-induced edema model, swelling was suppressed by 72% and there was a 2.88-fold inhibition compared with the saline group. Correlation analysis between in vitro, in silico, and in vivo studies revealed that Gd-DO3A-fen acts as an anti-inflammatory theragnostic agent by directly binding to COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI hub), Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Rum Baek
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Woo Yang
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoun-Hee Kim
- R&D Center, Etnova Therapeutics Corp., Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam Choi
- R&D Center, Etnova Therapeutics Corp., Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Park
- R&D Center, Etnova Therapeutics Corp., Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsup Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Yang BW, Yang S, Kim S, Baek AR, Sung B, Kim YH, Lee JT, Lee SY, Kim HK, Choi G, Park JA, Nam SW, Lee GH, Chang Y. Flavonoid-Conjugated Gadolinium Complexes as Anti-Inflammatory Theranostic Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122470. [PMID: 36552678 PMCID: PMC9774776 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated gadolinium compounds conjugated with flavonoids as potential theranostic agents for the treatment of inflammation. These novel theranostic agents combine a molecular imaging agent and one of three flavonoids (galangin, chrysin, and 7-hydroxyflavone) as anti-inflammatory drugs as a single integrated platform. Using these agents, MR imaging showed contrast enhancement (>10 in CNR) at inflamed sites in an animal inflammation model, and subsequent MR imaging used to monitor the therapeutic efficacy of these integrated agents revealed changes in inflamed regions. The anti-inflammatory effects of these agents were demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the antioxidant efficacy of the agents was evaluated by measuring their reactive oxygen species scavenging properties. For example, Gd-galangin at 30 μM showed a three-fold higher ROS scavenging of DPPH. Taken together, our findings provide convincing evidence to indicate that flavonoid-conjugated gadolinium compounds can be used as potentially efficient theranostic agents for the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Woo Yang
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Yang
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Rum Baek
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoun-Hee Kim
- R&D Center, Etnova Therapeutics Corp., 124, Sagimakgol-ro, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13207, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Lee
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 88 Dongnae-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam Choi
- R&D Center, Etnova Therapeutics Corp., 124, Sagimakgol-ro, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13207, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Nam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-420-5471
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Theillet FX, Luchinat E. In-cell NMR: Why and how? PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 132-133:1-112. [PMID: 36496255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy has been applied to cells and tissues analysis since its beginnings, as early as 1950. We have attempted to gather here in a didactic fashion the broad diversity of data and ideas that emerged from NMR investigations on living cells. Covering a large proportion of the periodic table, NMR spectroscopy permits scrutiny of a great variety of atomic nuclei in all living organisms non-invasively. It has thus provided quantitative information on cellular atoms and their chemical environment, dynamics, or interactions. We will show that NMR studies have generated valuable knowledge on a vast array of cellular molecules and events, from water, salts, metabolites, cell walls, proteins, nucleic acids, drugs and drug targets, to pH, redox equilibria and chemical reactions. The characterization of such a multitude of objects at the atomic scale has thus shaped our mental representation of cellular life at multiple levels, together with major techniques like mass-spectrometry or microscopies. NMR studies on cells has accompanied the developments of MRI and metabolomics, and various subfields have flourished, coined with appealing names: fluxomics, foodomics, MRI and MRS (i.e. imaging and localized spectroscopy of living tissues, respectively), whole-cell NMR, on-cell ligand-based NMR, systems NMR, cellular structural biology, in-cell NMR… All these have not grown separately, but rather by reinforcing each other like a braided trunk. Hence, we try here to provide an analytical account of a large ensemble of intricately linked approaches, whose integration has been and will be key to their success. We present extensive overviews, firstly on the various types of information provided by NMR in a cellular environment (the "why", oriented towards a broad readership), and secondly on the employed NMR techniques and setups (the "how", where we discuss the past, current and future methods). Each subsection is constructed as a historical anthology, showing how the intrinsic properties of NMR spectroscopy and its developments structured the accessible knowledge on cellular phenomena. Using this systematic approach, we sought i) to make this review accessible to the broadest audience and ii) to highlight some early techniques that may find renewed interest. Finally, we present a brief discussion on what may be potential and desirable developments in the context of integrative studies in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Xavier Theillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Enrico Luchinat
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; CERM - Magnetic Resonance Center, and Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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5
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Yun J, Baldini M, Chowdhury R, Mukherjee A. Designing Protein-Based Probes for Sensing Biological Analytes with Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ANALYSIS & SENSING 2022; 2:e202200019. [PMID: 37409177 PMCID: PMC10321474 DOI: 10.1002/anse.202200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded sensors provide unique advantages for monitoring biological analytes with molecular and cellular-level specificity. While sensors derived from fluorescent proteins represent staple tools in biological imaging, these probes are limited to optically accessible preparations owing to physical curbs on light penetration. In contrast to optical methods, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to noninvasively look inside intact organisms at any arbitrary depth and over large fields of view. These capabilities have spurred the development of innovative methods to connect MRI readouts with biological targets using protein-based probes that are in principle genetically encodable. Here, we highlight the state-of-the-art in MRI-based biomolecular sensors, focusing on their physical mechanisms, quantitative characteristics, and biological applications. We also describe how innovations in reporter gene technology are creating new opportunities to engineer MRI sensors that are sensitive to dilute biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Yun
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Michelle Baldini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Rochishnu Chowdhury
- Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Center for BioEngineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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6
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Meng Q, Wu M, Shang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang R. Responsive gadolinium(III) complex-based small molecule magnetic resonance imaging probes: Design, mechanism and application. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Ozbakir HF, Miller ADC, Fishman KB, Martins AF, Kippin TE, Mukherjee A. A Protein-Based Biosensor for Detecting Calcium by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3163-3169. [PMID: 34420291 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-responsive contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offer a promising approach for noninvasive brain-wide monitoring of neural activity at any arbitrary depth. Current examples of MRI-based calcium probes involve synthetic molecules and nanoparticles, which cannot be used to examine calcium signaling in a genetically encoded form. Here, we describe a new MRI sensor for calcium, based entirely on a naturally occurring calcium-binding protein known as calprotectin. Calcium-binding causes calprotectin to sequester manganese ions, thereby limiting Mn2+ enhanced paramagnetic relaxation of nearby water molecules. We demonstrate that this mechanism allows calprotectin to alter T1 and T2 based MRI signals in response to biologically relevant calcium concentrations. The resulting response amplitude, i.e., change in relaxation time, is comparable to existing MRI-based calcium sensors as well as other reported protein-based MRI sensors. As a preliminary demonstration of its biological applicability, we used calprotectin to detect calcium in a lysed hippocampal cell preparation as well as in intact Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with a calcium ionophore. Calprotectin thus represents a promising path toward noninvasive imaging of calcium signaling by combining the molecular and cellular specificity of genetically encodable tools with the ability of MRI to image through scattering tissue of any size and depth.
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8
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Zhou X, Belavek KJ, Miller EW. Origins of Ca 2+ Imaging with Fluorescent Indicators. Biochemistry 2021; 60:3547-3554. [PMID: 34251789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In 1980, Roger Tsien published a paper, in this journal [Tsien, R. Y. (1980) Biochemistry, 19 (11), 2396], titled "New calcium indicators and buffers with high selectivity against magnesium and protons: design, synthesis, and properties of prototype structures". These new buffers included 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, or BAPTA, which is still widely used today. And so, the world was set alight with new ways in which to visualize Ca2+. The ability to watch fluctuations in intracellular Ca2+ revolutionized the life sciences, although the fluorescent indicators used today, particularly in neurobiology, no longer rely exclusively on BAPTA but on genetically encoded fluorescent Ca2+ indicators. In this Perspective, we reflect on the origins of Ca2+ imaging with a special focus on the contributions made by Roger Tsien, from the early concept of selective Ca2+ binding described in Biochemistry to optical Ca2+ indicators based on chemically synthesized fluorophores to genetically encoded fluorescent Ca2+ indicators.
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9
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Miller ADC, Ozbakir HF, Mukherjee A. Calcium-responsive contrast agents for functional magnetic resonance imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:021301. [PMID: 34085055 DOI: 10.1063/5.0041394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ions represent one of the key second messengers accompanying neural activity and synaptic signaling. Accordingly, dynamic imaging of calcium fluctuations in living organisms represents a cornerstone technology for discovering neural mechanisms that underlie memory, determine behavior, and modulate emotional states as well as how these mechanisms are perturbed by neurological disease and brain injury. While optical technologies are well established for high resolution imaging of calcium dynamics, physical limits on light penetration hinder their application for whole-brain imaging in intact vertebrates. Unlike optics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables noninvasive large-scale imaging across vertebrates of all sizes. This has motivated the development of several sensors that leverage innovative physicochemical mechanisms to sensitize MRI contrast to intracellular and extracellular changes in calcium. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art in MRI-based calcium sensors, focusing on fundamental aspects of sensor performance, in vivo applications, and challenges related to sensitivity. We also highlight how innovations at the intersection of reporter gene technology and gene delivery open potential opportunities for mapping calcium activity in genetically targeted cells, complementing the benefits of small molecule probes and nanoparticle sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin D C Miller
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Harun F Ozbakir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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10
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Kim S, Kim HK, Baek AR, Sung B, Yang BW, Kim YH, Lee JJ, Yang JU, Shin CH, Jung H, Kim M, Cho AE, Lee T, Chang Y. Rose bengal conjugated gadolinium complex as a new multimodal imaging agent targeting presynaptic vesicular glutamate transporters. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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11
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Geng W, Zheng Z, Guo D. Supramolecular design based activatable magnetic resonance imaging. VIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Dong‐Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin P. R. China
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12
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Gd-Complex of a Rosmarinic Acid Conjugate as an Anti-Inflammatory Theranostic Agent via Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080744. [PMID: 32823673 PMCID: PMC7464237 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RosA), an important polyphenol, is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its application in theranostics has been rarely reported. Therefore, a new single-molecule anti-inflammatory theranostic compound containing RosA would be of great interest. A gadolinium (Gd) complex of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-trisacetic acid (DO3A) and RosA (Gd(DO3A-RosA)(H2O)) was synthesized and examined for use as a single-molecule theranostic agent. Its kinetic stability is comparable to that of clinically used macrocyclic magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. In addition, its relaxivity is higher than that of structurally analogous Gd-BT-DO3A. This agent was evaluated for inflammatory targeting magnetic resonance contrast and showed strong and prolonged enhancement of imaging in inflamed tissues of mice. The theranostic agent also possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, as evidenced by reactive oxygen species scavenging, superoxide dismutase activity, and inflammatory factors. The novel RosA-conjugated Gd complex is a promising theranostic agent for the imaging of inflamed tissues, as well as for the treatment of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Gupta A, Caravan P, Price WS, Platas-Iglesias C, Gale EM. Applications for Transition-Metal Chemistry in Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6648-6678. [PMID: 32367714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an indispensable tool for diagnostic medicine. However, safety concerns related to gadolinium in commercial MRI contrast agents have emerged in recent years. For patients suffering from severe renal impairment, there is an important unmet medical need to perform contrast-enhanced MRI without gadolinium. There are also concerns over the long-term effects of retained gadolinium within the general patient population. Demand for gadolinium-free MRI contrast agents is driving a new wave of inorganic chemistry innovation as researchers explore paramagnetic transition-metal complexes as potential alternatives. Furthermore, advances in personalized care making use of molecular-level information have motivated inorganic chemists to develop MRI contrast agents that can detect pathologic changes at the molecular level. Recent studies have highlighted how reaction-based modulation of transition-metal paramagnetism offers a highly effective mechanism to achieve MRI contrast enhancement that is specific to biochemical processes. This Viewpoint highlights how recent advances in transition-metal chemistry are leading the way for a new generation of MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gupta
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia.,Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | | | - William S Price
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia.,Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Galicia 15071, Spain
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Adams CJ, Krueger R, Meade TJ. A Multimodal Ca(II) Responsive Near IR-MR Contrast Agent Exhibiting High Cellular Uptake. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:334-341. [PMID: 31967770 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ca(II) ions are critical for the proper function of neurons by contributing to synaptic signaling and regulating neuronal plasticity. Dysregulation of Ca(II) is associated with a number of pathologies that cause neurodegeneration; therefore the ability to monitor Ca(II) intracellularly is an important target for molecular imaging. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging is a promising modality for imaging changes in Ca(II) concentrations. However, the majority of Ca(II) responsive MR agents are limited to the extracellular space or hindered by poor cellular uptake. Here, we describe a new class of multimodal, bioresponsive Ca(II) magnetic resonance agents that are coupled to the NIR probe IR-783. This new design is based on previous generations of our Ca(II) MR agents but overcomes two significant challenges: (1) the presence of the NIR probe dramatically increases cellular uptake of the agent and (2) provides histological validation of the MR signal using NIR fluorescence imaging. IR-783 targets organic anion transporter polypeptides, and we demonstrate that the agents are not toxic in HT-22 or U-87 MG cells up to 20 μM. The cellular uptake of complex 1 was measured to be greater than 16 femtomoles per cell (where ∼1 femtomole/cell is detectable in acquired MR images). Complex 1 is simultaneously detectable by both MR and NIR fluorescence imaging in vitro and is activated (turned on) by intracellular Ca(II) at concentrations between 1 and 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J. Adams
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ruby Krueger
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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15
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Wang L, Yao Y, Wang J, Dong C, Han H. Selective sensing Ca
2+
with a spiropyran‐based fluorometric probe. LUMINESCENCE 2019; 34:707-714. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Institute of Environmental ScienceShanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Yuanjun Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental ScienceShanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Hui Han
- Institute of Environmental ScienceShanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
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16
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Du K, Thorarinsdottir AE, Harris TD. Selective Binding and Quantitation of Calcium with a Cobalt-Based Magnetic Resonance Probe. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7163-7172. [PMID: 30946580 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We report a cobalt-based paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (PARACEST) magnetic resonance (MR) probe that is able to selectively bind and quantitate the concentration of Ca2+ ions under physiological conditions. The parent LCo complex features CEST-active carboxamide groups and an uncoordinated crown ether moiety in close proximity to a high-spin pseudo-octahedral CoII center. Addition of Na+, Mg2+, K+, and Ca2+ leads to binding of these metal ions within the crown ether. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and solid-state magnetic measurements reveal the presence of a cation-specific coordination environment and magnetic anisotropy of CoII, with axial zero-field splitting parameters for the Na+- and Ca2+-bound complexes differing by over 90%. Owing to these differences, solution-based measurements under physiological conditions indicate reversible binding of Na+ and Ca2+ to give well-separated CEST peaks at 69 and 80 ppm for [LCoNa]+ and [LCoCa]2+, respectively. Dissociation constants for different cation-bound complexes of LCo, as determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy, demonstrate high selectivity toward Ca2+. This finding, in conjunction with the large excess of Na+ in physiological environments, minimizes interference from related cations, such as Mg2+ and K+. Finally, variable-[Ca2+] CEST spectra establish the ratio between the CEST peak intensities for the Ca2+- and Na+-bound probes (CEST80 ppm/CEST69 ppm) as a measure of [Ca2+], providing the first example of a ratiometric quantitation of Ca2+ concentration using PARACEST. Taken together, these results demonstrate the ability of transition metal PARACEST probes to afford a concentration-independent measure of [Ca2+] and provide a new approach for designing MR probes for cation sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Du
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Agnes E Thorarinsdottir
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - T David Harris
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
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17
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Li H, Parigi G, Luchinat C, Meade TJ. Bimodal Fluorescence-Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent for Apoptosis Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6224-6233. [PMID: 30919628 PMCID: PMC6939894 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Effective cancer therapy largely depends on inducing apoptosis in cancer cells via chemotherapy and/or radiation. Monitoring apoptosis in real-time provides invaluable information for evaluating cancer therapy response and screening preclinical anticancer drugs. In this work, we describe the design, synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of caspase probe 1 (CP1), a bimodal fluorescence-magnetic resonance (FL-MR) probe that exhibits simultaneous FL-MR turn-on response to caspase-3/7. Both caspases exist as inactive zymogens in normal cells but are activated during apoptosis and are unique biomarkers for this process. CP1 has three distinct components: a DOTA-Gd(III) chelate that provides the MR signal enhancement, tetraphenylethylene as the aggregation induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), and DEVD peptide which is a substrate for caspase-3/7. In response to caspase-3/7, the water-soluble peptide DEVD is cleaved and the remaining Gd(III)-AIEgen (Gad-AIE) conjugate aggregates leading to increased FL-MR signals. CP1 exhibited sensitive and selective dual FL-MR turn-on response to caspase-3/7 in vitro and was successfully tested by fluorescence imaging of apoptotic cells. Remarkably, we were able to use the FL response of CP1 to quantify the exact concentrations of inactive and active agents and accurately predict the MR signal in vitro. We have demonstrated that the aggregation-driven FL-MR probe design is a unique method for MR signal quantification. This probe design platform can be adapted for a variety of different imaging targets, opening new and exciting avenues for multimodal molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) , University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP) , Via L. Sacconi 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) , University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP) , Via L. Sacconi 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Thomas J Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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18
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Wahsner J, Gale EM, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Caravan P. Chemistry of MRI Contrast Agents: Current Challenges and New Frontiers. Chem Rev 2019; 119:957-1057. [PMID: 30350585 PMCID: PMC6516866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 832] [Impact Index Per Article: 166.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tens of millions of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams are performed annually around the world. The contrast agents, which improve diagnostic accuracy, are almost exclusively small, hydrophilic gadolinium(III) based chelates. In recent years concerns have arisen surrounding the long-term safety of these compounds, and this has spurred research into alternatives. There has also been a push to develop new molecularly targeted contrast agents or agents that can sense pathological changes in the local environment. This comprehensive review describes the state of the art of clinically approved contrast agents, their mechanism of action, and factors influencing their safety. From there we describe different mechanisms of generating MR image contrast such as relaxation, chemical exchange saturation transfer, and direct detection and the types of molecules that are effective for these purposes. Next we describe efforts to make safer contrast agents either by increasing relaxivity, increasing resistance to metal ion release, or by moving to gadolinium(III)-free alternatives. Finally we survey approaches to make contrast agents more specific for pathology either by direct biochemical targeting or by the design of responsive or activatable contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wahsner
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Eric M. Gale
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Aurora Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Peter Caravan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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19
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Reeßing F, Stuart MCA, Samplonius DF, Dierckx RAJO, Feringa BL, Helfrich W, Szymanski W. A light-responsive liposomal agent for MRI contrast enhancement and monitoring of cargo delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10784-10787. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A liposomal MRI-probe changing relaxivity and releasing cargo upon light irradiation was developed for diagnostics and monitoring of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Reeßing
- Department of Radiology
- Medical Imaging Center
- University of Groningen
- University Medical Center Groningen
- 9713GZ Groningen
| | - M. C. A. Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - D. F. Samplonius
- Translational Surgical Oncology
- Department of Surgery
- University of Groningen
- University Medical Center Groningen
- 9713GZ Groningen
| | - R. A. J. O. Dierckx
- Department of Radiology
- Medical Imaging Center
- University of Groningen
- University Medical Center Groningen
- 9713GZ Groningen
| | - B. L. Feringa
- Department of Radiology
- Medical Imaging Center
- University of Groningen
- University Medical Center Groningen
- 9713GZ Groningen
| | - W. Helfrich
- Translational Surgical Oncology
- Department of Surgery
- University of Groningen
- University Medical Center Groningen
- 9713GZ Groningen
| | - W. Szymanski
- Department of Radiology
- Medical Imaging Center
- University of Groningen
- University Medical Center Groningen
- 9713GZ Groningen
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20
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Islam MK, Kim S, Kim HK, Kim YH, Lee YM, Choi G, Baek AR, Sung BK, Kim M, Cho AE, Kang H, Lee GH, Choi SH, Lee T, Park JA, Chang Y. Synthesis and Evaluation of Manganese(II)-Based Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid-Ethoxybenzyl Conjugate as a Highly Stable Hepatobiliary Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3614-3625. [PMID: 30383368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed and synthesized a highly stable manganese (Mn2+)-based hepatobiliary complex by tethering an ethoxybenzyl (EOB) moiety with an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) coordination cage as an alternative to the well-established hepatobiliary gadolinium (Gd3+) chelates and evaluated its usage as a T1 hepatobiliary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent (CA). This new complex exhibits higher r1 relaxivity (2.3 mM-1 s-1) than clinically approved Mn2+-based hepatobiliary complex Mn-DPDP (1.6 mM-1 s-1) at 1.5 T. Mn-EDTA-EOB shows much higher kinetic inertness than that of clinically approved Gd3+-based hepatobiliary MRI CAs, such as Gd-DTPA-EOB and Gd-BOPTA. In addition, in vivo biodistribution and MRI enhancement patterns of this new Mn2+ chelate are comparable to those of Gd3+-based hepatobiliary MRI CAs. The diagnostic efficacy of the new complex was demonstrated by its enhanced tumor detection sensitivity in a liver cancer model using in vivo MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yeoun-Hee Kim
- Institute of New Drug Research , Myungmoon Bio , 180, Yuram-ro , Dong-gu, Daegu 41059 , Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Minsup Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics , Korea University Sejong Campus , 2511, Sejong-ro , Sejong City 30019 , Korea
| | - Art E Cho
- Department of Bioinformatics , Korea University Sejong Campus , 2511, Sejong-ro , Sejong City 30019 , Korea
| | | | | | - Seon Hee Choi
- Laboratory Animal Center , Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation , 80, Chumbok-ro , Dong-gu, Daegu 41061 , Korea
| | - Taekwan Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center , Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation , 80, Chumbok-ro , Dong-gu, Daegu 41061 , Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- Molecular Imaging Research Center , Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul 139-706 , Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Radiology , Kyungpook National University Hospital , 130 Dongdeok-ro , Jung-gu, Daegu 41944 , Korea
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21
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Rotz MW, Holbrook RJ, MacRenaris KW, Meade TJ. A Markedly Improved Synthetic Approach for the Preparation of Multifunctional Au-DNA Nanoparticle Conjugates Modified with Optical and MR Imaging Probes. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3544-3549. [PMID: 30193061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new, and vastly superior approach for labeling spherical nucleic acid conjugates (SNAs) with diagnostic probes. SNAs have been shown to provide the unique ability to traverse the cell membrane and deliver surface conjugated DNA into cells while preserving the DNA from nuclease degradation. Our previous work on preparing diagnostically labeled SNAs was labor intensive, relatively low yielding, and costly. Here, we describe a straightforward and facile preparation for labeling SNAs with optical and MR imaging probes with significantly improved physical properties. The synthesis of Gd(III) labeled DNA Au nanoparticle conjugates is achieved by sequential conjugation of 3'-thiol-modified oligonucleotides and cofunctionalization of the particle surface with the subsequent addition of 1,2 diothiolate modified chelates of Gd(III) (abbreviated: DNA-GdIII@AuNP). This new generation of SNA conjugates has a 2-fold increase of DNA labeling and a 1.4-fold increase in Gd(III) loading compared to published constructs. Furthermore, the relaxivity ( r1) is observed to increase 4.5-fold compared to the molecular dithiolane-Gd(III) complex, and 1.4-fold increase relative to previous particle constructs where the Gd(III) complexes were conjugated to the oligonucleotides rather than directly to the Au particle. Importantly, this simplified approach (2 steps) exploits the advantages of previous Gd(III) labeled SNA platforms; however, this new approach is scalable and eliminates modification of DNA for attaching the contrast agent, and the particles exhibit improved cell labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Rotz
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Robert J Holbrook
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Keith W MacRenaris
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Thomas J Meade
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
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22
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Zeng Z, Belousoff MJ, Spiccia L, Bond AM, Torriero AAJ. Macrocycles Bearing Ferrocenyl Pendants and their Electrochemical Properties upon Binding to Divalent Transition Metal Cations. Chempluschem 2018; 83:728-738. [PMID: 31950627 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal complexes of Cu2+ , Co2+ , Cd2+ , Zn2+ , and Ni2+ formed with the ligands [Fc(cyclen)] (1) and [Fc(cyclen)2 ] (2) (Fc=ferrocene, cyclen=1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) are synthesised and characterised. The X-ray structure of the Cu2+ complex of 2, Fc([Cu(cyclen)(CH3 CN)]2 (ClO4 )4 , is reported, and shows that the two positively charged Cu2+ -cyclen units have a coordination number of five, adopting a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal configuration. The Cu2+ -cyclen units are arranged in a trans-like configuration with respect to the Fc group, presumably to minimise electrostatic repulsion. The voltammetric oxidation of the free ligands 1 and 2 in a CH2 Cl2 /CH3 CN (1:4) solvent mixture yields two closely spaced oxidation processes. Both electron-transfer steps are associated with the ferrocenyl moiety, implying strong communication between the cyclen nitrogen atoms and the ferrocenyl group. In contrast, cyclic voltammograms display only a simple reversible one-electron process if 1 and 2 are complexed with Cd2+ , Cu2+ , Zn2+ , Ni2+ , or Co2+ . Binding of these metal ions produces a significant shift in the reversible midpoint potential (Em ). Except for Ni2+ , Em is linearly proportional to the charge density of the transition metal ion, demonstrating that 1 and 2 may undergo redox switching. The diffusion coefficients of Fc, DmFc, 1 and 2, and their metal ion complexes correlate well with their molecular weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghua Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | | | - Leone Spiccia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Alan M Bond
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Angel A J Torriero
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
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23
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Le Fur M, Molnár E, Beyler M, Fougère O, Esteban-Gómez D, Rousseaux O, Tripier R, Tircsó G, Platas-Iglesias C. Expanding the Family of Pyclen-Based Ligands Bearing Pendant Picolinate Arms for Lanthanide Complexation. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:6932-6945. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Le Fur
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR-CNRS 6521, IBSAM, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Enikő Molnár
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Maryline Beyler
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR-CNRS 6521, IBSAM, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Olivier Fougère
- Groupe Guerbet,
Centre de Recherche d’Aulnay-sous-Bois, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy CdG Cedex, France
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Olivier Rousseaux
- Groupe Guerbet,
Centre de Recherche d’Aulnay-sous-Bois, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy CdG Cedex, France
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR-CNRS 6521, IBSAM, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Gyula Tircsó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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24
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Nazare M, Yao Q, Hu HY. A novel nitroreductase-enhanced MRI contrast agent and its potential application in bacterial imaging. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:401-408. [PMID: 29881679 PMCID: PMC5989822 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroreductases (NTRs) are known to be able to metabolize nitro-substituted compounds in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as an electron donor. NTRs are present in a wide range of bacterial genera and, to a lesser extent, in eukaryotes hypoxic tumour cells and tumorous tissues, which makes it an appropriate biomarker for an imaging target to detect the hypoxic status of cancer cells and potential bacterial infections. To evaluate the specific activation level of NTR, great efforts have been devoted to the development of fluorescent probes to detect NTR activities using fluorogenic methods to probe its behaviour in a cellular context; however, NTR-responsive MRI contrast agents are still by far underexplored. In this study, para-nitrobenzyl substituted T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent Gd-DOTA-PNB (probe 1) has been designed and explored for the possible detection of NTR. Our experimental results show that probe 1 could serve as an MRI-enhanced contrast agent for monitoring NTR activity. The in vitro response and mechanism of the NTR catalysed reduction of probe 1 have been investigated through LC-MS and MRI. Para-nitrobenzyl substituted probe 1 was catalytically reduced by NTR to the intermediate para-aminobenzyl substituted probe which then underwent a rearrangement elimination reaction to Gd-DOTA, generating the enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging. Further, LC-MS and MRI studies of living Escherichia coli have confirmed the NTR activity detection ability of probe 1 at a cellular level. This method may potentially be used for the diagnosis of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250200, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Marc Nazare
- Leibniz-Forschngsinstitut fϋr Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Hai-Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
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25
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Lilley LM, Du K, Krzyaniak MD, Parigi G, Luchinat C, Harris TD, Meade TJ. Effect of Magnetic Coupling on Water Proton Relaxivity in a Series of Transition Metal Gd III Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5810-5819. [PMID: 29714477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental challenge in the design of bioresponsive (or bioactivated) GdIII-based magnetic resonance (MR) imaging probes is the considerable background signal present in the "preactivated" state that arises from outer-sphere relaxation processes. When sufficient concentrations of a bioresponsive agent are present (i.e., a detectable signal in the image), the inner- and outer-sphere contributions to r1 may be misinterpreted to conclude that the agent has been activated, when it has not. Of the several parameters that determine the observed MR signal of an agent, only the electron relaxation time ( T1e) impacts both the inner- and outer-sphere relaxation. Therefore, strategies to minimize this background signal must be developed to create a near zero-background (or truly "off" state) of the agent. Here, we demonstrate that intramolecular magnetic exchange coupling when GdIII is coupled to a paramagnetic transition metal provides a means to overcome the contribution of second- and outer-sphere contributions to the observed relaxivity. We have prepared a series of complexes with the general formula LMLn(μ-O2CCH3)(O2CCH3)2 (M = Co, Cu, Zn). Solid-state magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal significant magnetic coupling between GdIII and the transition metal ion. Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) analysis confirms that the observed differences in relaxivity are associated with the modulation of T1e at GdIII. These results clearly demonstrate that magnetic exchange coupling between GdIII and a transition metal ion can provide a significant decrease in T1e (and therefore the relaxivity of GdIII). This design strategy is being exploited to prepare new generations of preclinical bioresponsive MR imaging probes with near zero-background.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giacomo Parigi
- Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) , University of Florence , Via L. Sacconi 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) , University of Florence , Via L. Sacconi 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
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26
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Abstract
MRI contrast is often enhanced using a contrast agent. Gd3+-complexes are the most widely used metallic MRI agents, and several types of Gd3+-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have been developed. Furthermore, recent advances in MRI technology have, in part, been driven by the development of new GBCAs. However, when designing new functional GBCAs in a small-molecular-weight or nanoparticle form for possible clinical applications, their functions are often compromised by poor pharmacokinetics and possible toxicity. Although great progress must be made in overcoming these limitations and many challenges remain, new functional GBCAs with either small-molecular-weight or nanoparticle forms offer an exciting opportunity for use in precision medicine.
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27
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Nguyen HVT, Chen Q, Paletta JT, Harvey P, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Boska MD, Ottaviani MF, Jasanoff A, Rajca A, Johnson JA. Nitroxide-Based Macromolecular Contrast Agents with Unprecedented Transverse Relaxivity and Stability for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumors. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:800-811. [PMID: 28776023 PMCID: PMC5532724 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents could overcome the established toxicity associated with metal-based agents in some patient populations and enable new modes of functional MRI in vivo. Herein, we report nitroxide-functionalized brush-arm star polymer organic radical contrast agents (BASP-ORCAs) that overcome the low contrast and poor in vivo stability associated with nitroxide-based MRI contrast agents. As a consequence of their unique nanoarchitectures, BASP-ORCAs possess per-nitroxide transverse relaxivities up to ∼44-fold greater than common nitroxides, exceptional stability in highly reducing environments, and low toxicity. These features combine to provide for accumulation of a sufficient concentration of BASP-ORCA in murine subcutaneous tumors up to 20 h following systemic administration such that MRI contrast on par with metal-based agents is observed. BASP-ORCAs are, to our knowledge, the first nitroxide MRI contrast agents capable of tumor imaging over long time periods using clinical high-field 1H MRI techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Qixian Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph T. Paletta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Peter Harvey
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Michael D. Boska
- Department
of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical
Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United
States
| | | | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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28
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Payne KM, Wilds JM, Carniato F, Botta M, Woods M. On Water and its Effect on the Performance of T
1
-Shortening Contrast Agents. Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Payne
- Department of Chemistry; Portland State University; 1719 SW 10 Ave Portland, OR 97201 USA
| | - Jennifer M. Wilds
- Department of Chemistry; Portland State University; 1719 SW 10 Ave Portland, OR 97201 USA
| | - Fabio Carniato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate; Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”; Viale Teresa Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate; Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”; Viale Teresa Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Mark Woods
- Department of Chemistry; Portland State University; 1719 SW 10 Ave Portland, OR 97201 USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center; Oregon Health and Science University; 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd Portland, OR 97239 USA
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet R. Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Éva Tóth
- Centre de Biophysique
Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans 2, France
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30
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Islam MK, Kim S, Kim HK, Park S, Lee GH, Kang HJ, Jung JC, Park JS, Kim TJ, Chang Y. Manganese Complex of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA)-Benzothiazole Aniline (BTA) Conjugate as a Potential Liver-Targeting MRI Contrast Agent. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2993-3001. [PMID: 28301142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel manganese(II) complex based on an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) coordination cage bearing a benzothiazole aniline (BTA) moiety (Mn-EDTA-BTA) was designed and synthesized for use as a liver-specific MRI contrast agent with high chelation stability. In addition to forming a hydrophilic, stable complex with Mn2+, this new Mn chelate was rapidly taken up by liver hepatocytes and excreted by the kidneys and biliary system. The kinetic inertness and R1 relaxivity of the complex were much higher than those of mangafodipir trisodium (MnDPDP), a clinically approved liver-specific MRI contrast agent. The diagnostic utility of this new Mn complex in MRI was demonstrated by high-sensitivity tumor detection in an animal model of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joon-Suk Park
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation , Chumbok-ro 80, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea
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31
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique with widespread use in diagnosis. Frequently, contrast in MRI is enhanced with the aid of a contrast agent, among which smart, responsive, OFF/ON or activatable probes are of particular interest. These kinds of probes elicit a response to selective stimuli, evidencing the presence of enzymes or acidic pH, for instance. In this review, we will focus on smart probes that are detectable by both 1H and 19F MRI, frequently based on nanomaterials. We will discuss the triggering factors and the strategies employed thus far to activate each probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Carril
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
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32
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Mishra A, Pariani G, Oerther T, Schwaiger M, Westmeyer GG. Hyperpolarized Multi-Metal 13C-Sensors for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10790-10794. [PMID: 27766840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We introduce hyperpolarizable 13C-labeled probes that identify multiple biologically important divalent metals via metal-specific chemical shifts. These features enable NMR measurements of calcium concentrations in human serum in the presence of magnesium. In addition, signal enhancement through dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) increases the sensitivity of metal detection to afford measuring micromolar concentrations of calcium as well as simultaneous multi-metal detection by chemical shift imaging. The hyperpolarizable 13C-MRI sensors presented here enable sensitive NMR measurements and MR imaging of multiple divalent metals in opaque biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Mishra
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging & Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München , D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Giorgio Pariani
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging & Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München , D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Oerther
- Microimaging Applications, Bruker , 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) , Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Gil G Westmeyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) , Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging & Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München , D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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33
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Porqueras DSD, Beyler M, Tripier R, Salerno M. Intracellular Transport Studies of Picolinate Macrocyclic Copper and Lanthanide Complexes. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Santo Domingo Porqueras
- Laboratoire CSPBAT, CNRS (UMR 7244), UFR-SMBH; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 74 rue Marcel Cachin 93017, Bobigny France
| | - Maryline Beyler
- UMR-CNRS 6521, UFR des Sciences et Techniques; Université de Bretagne Occidentale; 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837 29238 Brest Cedex 3 France
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- UMR-CNRS 6521, UFR des Sciences et Techniques; Université de Bretagne Occidentale; 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837 29238 Brest Cedex 3 France
| | - Milena Salerno
- Laboratoire CSPBAT, CNRS (UMR 7244), UFR-SMBH; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 74 rue Marcel Cachin 93017, Bobigny France
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34
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Barandov A, Bartelle BB, Gonzalez BA, White WL, Lippard SJ, Jasanoff A. Membrane-Permeable Mn(III) Complexes for Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Intracellular Targets. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5483-6. [PMID: 27088782 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular compartments make up roughly two-thirds of the body, but delivery of molecular imaging probes to these spaces can be challenging. This situation is particularly true for probes designed for detection by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a high-resolution but relatively insensitive modality. Most MRI contrast agents are polar and membrane impermeant, making it difficult to deliver them in sufficient quantities for measurement of intracellular analytes. Here we address this problem by introducing a new class of planar tetradentate Mn(III) chelates assembled from a 1,2-phenylenediamido (PDA) backbone. Mn(III)-PDA complexes display T1 relaxivity comparable to that of Gd(III)-based contrast agents and undergo spontaneous cytosolic localization via defined mechanisms. Probe variants incorporating enzyme-cleavable acetomethoxy ester groups are processed by intracellular esterases and accumulate in cells. Probes modified with ethyl esters preferentially label genetically modified cells that express a substrate-selective esterase. In each case, the contrast agents gives rise to robust T1-weighted MRI enhancements, providing precedents for the detection of intracellular targets by Mn(III)-PDA complexes. These compounds therefore constitute a platform from which to develop reagents for molecular MRI of diverse processes inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Barandov
- Departments of †Biological Engineering, ‡Chemistry, §Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and ⊥Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Benjamin B Bartelle
- Departments of †Biological Engineering, ‡Chemistry, §Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and ⊥Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Beatriz A Gonzalez
- Departments of †Biological Engineering, ‡Chemistry, §Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and ⊥Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William L White
- Departments of †Biological Engineering, ‡Chemistry, §Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and ⊥Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen J Lippard
- Departments of †Biological Engineering, ‡Chemistry, §Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and ⊥Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alan Jasanoff
- Departments of †Biological Engineering, ‡Chemistry, §Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and ⊥Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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