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Conjugates of Ultrasmall Quantum Dots and Acridine Derivatives as Prospective Nanoprobes for Intracellular Investigations. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092160. [PMID: 34578478 PMCID: PMC8471518 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Designing nanoprobes in which quantum dots (QDs) are used as photoluminescent labels is an especially promising line of research due to their possible medical applications ranging from disease diagnosis to drug delivery. In spite of the significant progress made in designing such nanoprobes, the properties of their individual components, i.e., photoluminescent QDs, vectorization moieties, and pharmacological agents, still require further optimization to enhance the efficiency of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Here, we have developed a method of engineering compact multifunctional nanoprobes based on functional components with optimized properties: bright photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS (core/shell) QDs, a compact and effective antitumor agent (an acridine derivative), and direct conjugation of the components via electrostatic interaction, which provides a final hydrodynamic diameter of nanoprobes smaller than 15 nm. Due to the possibility of conjugating various biomolecules with hydroxyl and carboxyl moieties to QDs, the method represents a versatile approach to the biomarker-recognizing molecule imaging of the delivery of the active substance as part of compact nanoprobes.
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Hajek P, Bader A, Helmstetter F, Henke B, Arnold P, Beitz E. Cell-Free and Yeast-Based Production of the Malarial Lactate Transporter, PfFNT, Delivers Comparable Yield and Protein Quality. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:375. [PMID: 31024323 PMCID: PMC6467934 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free protein production is an attractive alternative to cell-based expression. Rapid results, small-volume reactions, irrelevance of protein toxicity, flexibility, and openness of the system are strong points in favor of the cell-free system. However, the in vitro situation lacks the cellular quality control machinery comprising e.g., the translocon for inserting membrane proteins into lipid bilayers, and chaperon-assisted protein degradation pathways. Here, we compare yield and protein quality of the lactate transporter, PfFNT, from malaria parasites when produced in Pichia pastoris yeast, or in an Escherichia coli S30-extract-based cell-free system. Besides solubilization and correct folding, PfFNT requires oligomerization into homopentamers. We assessed PfFNT folding/oligomerization and function by transmission electron microscopy imaging, transport assays, and binding of small-molecule inhibitors. For the latter, we used chromatography of the PfFNT-inhibitor complex with dual-wavelength detection, and biolayer interferometry. Our data show, that PfFNT possesses an intrinsic capability for assuming the correct fold, oligomerization pattern, and functionality during in vitro translation. This competence depended on the detergent present in the cell-free reaction. The choice of detergent further affected purification and inhibitor binding. In conclusion, in the presence of a suitable detergent, cell-free systems are very well capable of producing high quality membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hajek
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Annika Bader
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Folknand Helmstetter
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Björn Henke
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Anatomical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eric Beitz
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Mohamed-Ahmed AHA, Lockwood A, Fadda H, Madaan S, Khaw PT, Brocchini S, Karu K. LC-MS analysis to determine the biodistribution of a polymer coated ilomastat ocular implant. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 157:100-106. [PMID: 29777984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ilomastat is a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPi) that has shown the potential to inhibit scarring (fibrosis) by mediating healing after injury or surgery. A long lasting ocular implantable pharmaceutical formulation of ilomastat is being developed to mediate the healing process to prevent scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery. The ilomastat implant was coated with water permeable and biocompatible phosphoryl choline polymer (PC1059) displayed extended slow release of ilomastat in vitro and in vivo. The ocular distribution of ilomastat from the implant in rabbits at day 30 post surgery was determined by the extraction of ilomastat and its internal standard marimastat from the ocular tissues, plasma, aqueous humour and vitreous fluid followed by capillary-flow liquid chromatography (cap-LC), the column effluent was directed into a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in product scan mode. The lower limits of quantification (LLOQs) were 0.3 pg/μL for ocular fluids and plasma, and 3 pg/mg for ocular tissues. The extraction recoveries were 90-95% for ilomastat and its internal standard from ocular tissues. Ilomastat was found in ocular fluids and tissues at day 30 after surgery. The level of ilomastat was 18 times higher in the aqueous humour than vitreous humour. The concentration ranking of ilomastat in the ocular tissues was sclera > bleb conjunctiva > conjunctiva (rest of the eye) > cornea. Mass spectrometry analysis to confirm the presence of ilomastat in the ocular tissues and fluids at day 30 post-surgery establishes the extended release of ilomastat can be achieved in vivo, which is crucial information for optimisation of the ilomastat coated implant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alastair Lockwood
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Hala Fadda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA
| | - Shivam Madaan
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Peng T Khaw
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Steve Brocchini
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Kersti Karu
- UCL Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ignold Building, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
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Vranish JN, Ancona MG, Walper SA, Medintz IL. Pursuing the Promise of Enzymatic Enhancement with Nanoparticle Assemblies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2901-2925. [PMID: 29115133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The growing emphasis on green chemistry, renewable resources, synthetic biology, regio-/stereospecific chemical transformations, and nanotechnology for providing new biological products and therapeutics is reinvigorating research into enzymatic catalysis. Although the promise is profound, many complex issues remain to be addressed before this effort will have a significant impact. Prime among these is to combat the degradation of enzymes frequently seen in ex vivo formats following immobilization to stabilize the enzymes for long-term application and to find ways of enhancing their activity. One promising avenue for progress on these issues is via nanoparticle (NP) display, which has been found in a number of cases to enhance enzyme activity while also improving long-term stability. In this feature article, we discuss the phenomenon of enhanced enzymatic activity at NP interfaces with an emphasis on our own work in this area. Important factors such as NP surface chemistry, bioconjugation approaches, and assay formats are first discussed because they can critically affect the observed enhancement. Examples are given of improved performance for enzymes such as phosphotriesterase, alkaline phosphatase, trypsin, horseradish peroxidase, and β-galactosidase and in configurations with either the enzyme or the substrate attached to the NP. The putative mechanisms that give rise to the performance boost are discussed along with how detailed kinetic modeling can contribute to their understanding. Given the importance of biosensing, we also highlight how this configuration is already making a significant contribution to NP-based enzymatic sensors. Finally, a perspective is provided on how this field may develop and how NP-based enzymatic enhancement can be extended to coupled systems and multienzyme cascades.
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Pavic A, Glišić BĐ, Vojnovic S, Warżajtis B, Savić ND, Antić M, Radenković S, Janjić GV, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Rychlewska U, Djuran MI. Mononuclear gold(III) complexes with phenanthroline ligands as efficient inhibitors of angiogenesis: A comparative study with auranofin and sunitinib. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 174:156-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Liu X, Chen H, Xu Z, Wu Y, Liu B. Synthesis of Qinghaosu Analogues from Dihydroqinghao Aldehyde: A Dark Singlet Oxygen Approach. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xunshen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Harbin University of Science and Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang 150040 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Huijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Zejun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yikang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Harbin University of Science and Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang 150040 China
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Prakash S, Hazari PP, Meena VK, Jaswal A, Khurana H, Kukreti S, Mishra AK. Biotinidase Resistant 68Gallium-Radioligand Based on Biotin/Avidin Interaction for Pretargeting: Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2780-2790. [PMID: 27723977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new macrocyclic system 2,2'-(12-amino-11,13-dioxo-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotridecane-4,7-diyl)diacetic acid (ATRIDAT) was designed for coordinating metals in +2 and +3 oxidation states particularly 68Ga(III), for PET imaging. ATRIDAT was conjugated to d-biotin for pretargeting via biotin-avidin interaction. This model provides high tumor targeting efficiency and stability to biotinidase activity leading to modest signal amplification at the tumor site. Cyclization of triethylenetetramine with protected diethylamino malonate resulted in the formation of 13 membered diamide ring. d-Biotin was then anchored on the pendant amine rendering α-methyne carbon to the biotinamide bond which blocks the biotinidase enzyme activity. Biotinidase stability assay showed remarkable stability toward the action of biotinidase with ∼95% remaining intact after treatment following 4 h. Binding affinity experiments such as HABA assay, competitive displacement studies with d-biotin and CD showed high binding affinity of the molecule with avidin in nanomolar range. Biotin conjugate was successfully radiolabeled with 68Ga(III) with radiolabeling efficiency of ∼70% and then purified to get 99.9% radiochemical yield. IC50 of the compound was found to be 2.36 mM in HEK cell line and 0.82 mM in A549 as assessed in MTT assay. In biodistribution studies, the major route of excretion was found to be renal. Significant uptake of 4.15 ± 0.35% was observed in tumor in the avidin pretreated mouse at 1 h. μPET images also showed a high tumor to muscle ratio of 26.8 and tumor to kidney ratio of 1.74 at 1 h post-injection after avidin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Prakash
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi-110007, India
| | - Puja Panwar Hazari
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Meena
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Ambika Jaswal
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Harleen Khurana
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Shrikant Kukreti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi-110007, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
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