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Takahashi A, Fujii C, Takahashi Y, Kunisawa T, Nagayasu Y, Yoshimoto N, Yoshimoto M. Liposome-Papain Conjugates for Catalytic Digestion of Antibody Producing Fab Fragments. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 39010295 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Papain is useful for the enzymatic digestion of various proteins to produce functional peptides or protein fragments. Immobilized papain being reactive toward proteins and easily removable from a reaction mixture is worth developed. In the present work, liposomes were applied as colloidal carriers of papain for the catalytic digestion of polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG). Papain was covalently conjugated at pH = 7.0 via tris-succinimidyl aminotriacetate (TSAT) to liposomes incorporated with 5 mol % poly(ethylene glycol)-tethered lipid with a reactive amino group. The papain-conjugated liposome (liposome-papain) catalyzed the hydrolysis of Nα-benzoyl-l-arginine 4-nitroanilide hydrochloride (BAPNA) at pH = 5.0-7.0. The activity of liposome-papain significantly increased with increasing temperature from 25 to 50 °C. The Michaelis constant Km was determined with respect to the liposome-papain- and free papain-catalyzed reactions with BAPNA at 37 °C as Km = 1.11 ± 0.13 and 11.6 ± 2.9 mM, respectively. Liposome-papain was applied to the catalytic digestion of 10 mg·mL-1 IgG at 37 °C for 24 h at pH = 5.0-7.0. The reaction mixture could be analyzed without pretreatment by using the affinity columns immobilized with the protein A or protein L ligand because colloidal liposome-papain quickly flowed through the chromatographic stationary phase, exhibiting little proteolytic effect on the proteinaceous ligands. The analysis clearly demonstrated the catalytic production of antigen-binding fragments (Fab) from IgG in an enzyme concentration- and pH-dependent manner. Liposome-papain with 15 or 50 mol % anionic lipids also catalyzed the formation of Fab from IgG. The above results demonstrated that liposome-papain was useful to digest IgG and to purify Fab formed with the affinity chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Chisaki Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Yuya Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kunisawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Yuto Nagayasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Noriko Yoshimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube 755-8611, Japan
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2
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Rahman MM, Wang J, Wang G, Su Z, Li Y, Chen Y, Meng J, Yao Y, Wang L, Wilkens S, Tan J, Luo J, Zhang T, Zhu C, Cho SH, Wang L, Lee LP, Wan Y. Chimeric nanobody-decorated liposomes by self-assembly. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:818-824. [PMID: 38374413 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes as drug vehicles have advantages, such as payload protection, tunable carrying capacity and improved biodistribution. However, due to the dysfunction of targeting moieties and payload loss during preparation, immunoliposomes have yet to be favoured in commercial manufacturing. Here we report a chemical modification-free biophysical approach for producing immunoliposomes in one step through the self-assembly of a chimeric nanobody (cNB) into liposome bilayers. cNB consists of a nanobody against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a flexible peptide linker and a hydrophobic single transmembrane domain. We determined that 64% of therapeutic compounds can be encapsulated into 100-nm liposomes, and up to 2,500 cNBs can be anchored on liposomal membranes without steric hindrance under facile conditions. Subsequently, we demonstrate that drug-loaded immunoliposomes increase cytotoxicity on HER2-overexpressing cancer cell lines by 10- to 20-fold, inhibit the growth of xenograft tumours by 3.4-fold and improve survival by more than twofold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mofizur Rahman
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Yizheng Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Yizheng, China
| | - Guosheng Wang
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Su
- Nanjing Regenecore Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yizeng Li
- Biophysics and Mathematical Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Yundi Chen
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Jinguo Meng
- Nanjing Regenecore Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Nanjing Regenecore Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Lefei Wang
- Nanjing Regenecore Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Stephan Wilkens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jifu Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL, USA
| | - Juntao Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Johnson City, NY, USA
| | - Chuandong Zhu
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sung Hyun Cho
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lixue Wang
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Luke P Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
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3
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Wholey WY, Meyer AR, Yoda ST, Chackerian B, Zikherman J, Cheng W. Minimal Determinants for Lifelong Antiviral Antibody Responses in Mice from a Single Exposure to Virus-like Immunogens at Low Doses. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:405. [PMID: 38675787 PMCID: PMC11054763 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The durability of an antibody (Ab) response is highly important for antiviral vaccines. However, due to the complex compositions of natural virions, the molecular determinants of Ab durability from viral infection or inactivated viral vaccines have been incompletely understood. Here we used a reductionist system of liposome-based virus-like structures to examine the durability of Abs from primary immune responses in mice. This system allowed us to independently vary fundamental viral attributes and to do so without additional adjuvants to model natural viruses. We show that a single injection of protein antigens (Ags) orderly displayed on a virion-sized liposome is sufficient to induce a long-lived neutralizing Ab (nAb) response. The introduction of internal nucleic acids dramatically modulates the magnitude of Ab responses without an alteration of the long-term kinetic trends. These Abs are characterized by very slow off-rates of ~0.0005 s-1, which emerged as early as day 5 after injection and these off-rates are comparable to that of affinity-matured monoclonal Abs. A single injection of these structures at doses as low as 100 ng led to lifelong nAb production in mice. Thus, a minimal virus-like immunogen can give rise to potent and long-lasting antiviral Abs in a primary response in mice without live infection. This has important implications for understanding both live viral infection and for optimizing vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Wholey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.-Y.W.); (A.R.M.); (S.-T.Y.)
| | - Alexander R. Meyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.-Y.W.); (A.R.M.); (S.-T.Y.)
| | - Sekou-Tidiane Yoda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.-Y.W.); (A.R.M.); (S.-T.Y.)
| | - Bryce Chackerian
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.-Y.W.); (A.R.M.); (S.-T.Y.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Wholey WY, Meyer AR, Yoda ST, Chackerian B, Zikherman J, Cheng W. Minimal determinants for lifelong antiviral antibody responses in BALB/c mice from a single exposure to virus-like immunogens at low doses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.02.20.529089. [PMID: 36865112 PMCID: PMC9979986 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.20.529089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
However, due to the complex compositions of natural virions, the molecular determinants of Ab durability from viral infection or inactivated viral vaccines have been incompletely understood. Here we used a reductionist system of liposome-based virus-like structures to examine the durability of Abs in primary immune responses in mice. This system allowed us to independently vary fundamental viral attributes and to do so without additional adjuvants to model natural viruses. We show that a single injection of antigens (Ags) orderly displayed on a virion-sized liposome is sufficient to induce a long-lived neutralizing Ab (nAb) response. Introduction of internal nucleic acids dramatically modulates the magnitude of long-term Ab responses without alteration of the long-term kinetic trends. These Abs are characterized by exceptionally slow off-rates of ~0.0005 s-1, which emerged as early as day 5 after injection and these off-rates are comparable to that of affinity-matured monoclonal Abs. A single injection of these structures at doses as low as 100 ng led to lifelong nAb production in BALB/c mice. Thus, a minimal virus-like immunogen can give rise to potent and long-lasting antiviral Abs in a primary response in mice without live infection. This has important implications for understanding both live viral infection and for optimized vaccine design.
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Wholey WY, Meyer AR, Yoda ST, Mueller JL, Mathenge R, Chackerian B, Zikherman J, Cheng W. An integrated signaling threshold initiates IgG response towards virus-like immunogens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.28.577643. [PMID: 38469153 PMCID: PMC10926662 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.28.577643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Class-switched neutralizing antibody (nAb) production is rapidly induced upon many viral infections. However, due to the presence of multiple components in typical virions, the precise biochemical and biophysical signals from viral infections that initiate nAb responses remain inadequately defined. Using a reductionist system of synthetic virus-like structures (SVLS) containing minimal, highly purified biochemical components commonly found in enveloped viruses, here we show that a foreign protein on a virion-sized liposome can serve as a stand-alone danger signal to initiate class-switched nAb responses in the absence of cognate T cell help or Toll-like receptor signaling but requires CD19, the antigen (Ag) coreceptor on B cells. Introduction of internal nucleic acids (iNAs) obviates the need for CD19, lowers the epitope density (ED) required to elicit the Ab response and transforms these structures into highly potent immunogens that rival conventional virus-like particles in their ability to elicit strong Ag-specific IgG. As early as day 5 after immunization, structures harbouring iNAs and decorated with just a few molecules of surface Ag at doses as low as 100 ng induced all IgG subclasses of Ab known in mice and reproduced the IgG2a/2c restriction that has been long observed in live viral infections. These findings reveal a shared mechanism for nAb response upon viral infection. High ED is capable but not necessary for driving Ab secretion in vivo . Instead, even a few molecules of surface Ag, when combined with nucleic acids within these structures, can trigger strong antiviral IgG production. As a result, the signaling threshold for the induction of neutralizing IgG is set by dual signals originating from both ED on the surface and the presence of iNAs within viral particulate immunogens. One-sentence summary Reconstitution of minimal viral signals necessary to initiate antiviral IgG.
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Temchura V, Wagner JT, Damm D. Immunogenicity of Recombinant Lipid-Based Nanoparticle Vaccines: Danger Signal vs. Helping Hand. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 38258035 PMCID: PMC10818441 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a predominant problem in human health. While the incidence of many pathogenic infections is controlled by vaccines, some pathogens still pose a challenging task for vaccine researchers. In order to face these challenges, the field of vaccine development has changed tremendously over the last few years. For non-replicating recombinant antigens, novel vaccine delivery systems that attempt to increase the immunogenicity by mimicking structural properties of pathogens are already approved for clinical applications. Lipid-based nanoparticles (LbNPs) of different natures are vesicles made of lipid layers with aqueous cavities, which may carry antigens and other biomolecules either displayed on the surface or encapsulated in the cavity. However, the efficacy profile of recombinant LbNP vaccines is not as high as that of live-attenuated ones. This review gives a compendious picture of two approaches that affect the immunogenicity of recombinant LbNP vaccines: (i) the incorporation of immunostimulatory agents and (ii) the utilization of pre-existing or promiscuous cellular immunity, which might be beneficial for the development of tailored prophylactic and therapeutic LbNP vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Temchura
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | | | - Dominik Damm
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
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7
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Nagata H, Yoshimoto M, Walde P. Preparation and Catalytic Properties of Carbonic Anhydrase Conjugated to Liposomes through a Bis-Aryl Hydrazone Bond. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18637-18652. [PMID: 37273636 PMCID: PMC10233673 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes (lipid vesicles) with sizes of about 100-200 nm carrying surface-bound (immobilized) water-soluble enzymes are functionalized molecular compartment systems for possible applications, for example, as therapeutic materials or as catalytic reaction units for running reactions in aqueous media in vitro. One way of covalently attaching enzyme molecules under mild conditions in a controlled way to the surface of preformed liposomes is to apply the spectrophotometrically traceable bis-aryl hydrazone (BAH) bond between the liposome and the enzyme molecules of interest. Using bovine carbonic anhydrase (BCA), an aqueous dispersion of liposome-BAH-BCA - conjugates of defined composition was prepared. The liposomes used consisted of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), N-(methylpolyoxyethylene oxycarbonyl)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE-PEG), and N-(aminopropylpolyoxyethylene oxycarbonyl)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE-PEG-NH2). The amino group of some of the DSPE-PEG-NH2 molecules present in the liposomes were converted into an aromatic aldehyde, which (after purification) reacted with (purified) BCA molecules that had on their surface on average one acetone protected aromatic hydrazine. After purification of the liposome-BAH-BCA conjugate dispersion obtained, it was characterized in terms of (i) BCA activity, (ii) overall BCA structure, and (iii) storage stability. For an average liposome of 138 nm diameter, about 1200 BCA molecules were attached to the outer liposome surface. Liposomally bound BCA was found to exhibit (i) similar catalytic activity at 25 °C and (ii) similar storage stability when stored in a dispersed state in aqueous solution at 4 °C as free BCA. Measurements at 5 °C clearly showed that liposome-BAH-BCA is able to catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide to hydrogen carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Nagata
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshimoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Peter Walde
- Department
of Materials, ETH-Zürich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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8
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Dianat-Moghadam H, Abbasspour-Ravasjani S, Hamishehkar H, Rahbarghazi R, Nouri M. LXR inhibitor SR9243-loaded immunoliposomes modulate lipid metabolism and stemness in colorectal cancer cells. Med Oncol 2023; 40:156. [PMID: 37093287 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Reprogrammed metabolism and active stemness contribute to cancer stem cells' (CSCs) survival and tumorigenesis. LXR signaling regulates the metabolism of different cancers. A selective LXR inhibitor, SR9243 (SR), can target and eradicate non-CSC tumor cells. CD133 is a stem marker in solid tumors-associated CSCs within the active lipogenesis, and anti-CD133 mAb targeting liposomal drug delivery systems expected to increase drug internalization and improve the therapeutic efficacy of poor-in water solubility drugs, e, g., SR. In this study, anti-CD133 mAbs-targeted Immunoliposomes (ILipo) were developed for specific delivery of SR into MACS-enriched CD133 + CSCs and induce their functional effects. Results have shown that ILipo having an average size of 64.79 nm can encapsulate SR in maximum proportion, and cell association studies have shown cationic ILipo and targeting CD133 provide the CSCs binding. Also, FCM analysis of RhoB has demonstrated that the ILipo uptake was higher in CD133 + CSCs than in the non-targeted liposomes. ILipo-SR was significantly more toxic in CD133 + CSCs compared to the free SR and non-targeted ones. More efficient than Lipo-SR, ILipo-SR improved the reduction of clonogenicity, stemness, and lipogenesis in CD133 + CSCs in vitro, boosted ROS generation, and induced apoptosis. Our study revealed the dual targeting of CD133 and LXR appears to be a promising strategy for targeting CD133 + CSCs-presenting dynamic metabolism and self-renewal potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahammad Nouri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Vu TQ, Sant'Anna LE, Kamat NP. Tuning Targeted Liposome Avidity to Cells via Lipid Phase Separation. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1574-1584. [PMID: 36943688 PMCID: PMC10874583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The addition of both cell-targeting moieties and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to nanoparticle (NP) drug delivery systems is a standard approach to improve the biodistribution, specificity, and uptake of therapeutic cargo. The spatial presentation of these molecules affects avidity of the NP to target cells in part through an interplay between the local ligand concentration and the steric hindrance imposed by PEG molecules. Here, we show that lipid phase separation in nanoparticles can modulate liposome avidity by changing the proximity of PEG and targeting protein molecules on a nanoparticle surface. Using lipid-anchored nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) as a model ligand, we demonstrate that the attachment of lipid anchored Ni-NTA and PEG molecules to distinct lipid domains in nanoparticles can enhance liposome binding to cancer cells by increasing ligand clustering and reducing steric hindrance. We then use this technique to enhance the binding of RGD-modified liposomes, which can bind to integrins overexpressed on many cancer cells. These results demonstrate the potential of lipid phase separation to modulate the spatial presentation of targeting and shielding molecules on lipid nanocarriers, offering a powerful tool to enhance the efficacy of NP drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Q Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lucas E Sant'Anna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Neha P Kamat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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10
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Tang H, Xie Y, Zhu M, Jia J, Liu R, Shen Y, Zheng Y, Guo X, Miao D, Pei J. Estrone-Conjugated PEGylated Liposome Co-Loaded Paclitaxel and Carboplatin Improve Anti-Tumor Efficacy in Ovarian Cancer and Reduce Acute Toxicity of Chemo-Drugs. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3013-3041. [PMID: 35836838 PMCID: PMC9274295 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s362263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. The combination of paclitaxel (PTX) and carboplatin (CBP) is the first-line remedy for clinical ovarian cancer. However, due to the limitations of adverse reaction and lacking of targeting ability, the chemotherapy of ovarian cancer is still poorly effective. Here, a novel estrone (ES)-conjugated PEGylated liposome co-loaded PTX and CBP (ES-PEG-Lip-PTX/CBP) was designed for overcoming the above disadvantages. Methods ES-PEG-Lip-PTX/CBP was prepared by film hydration method and could recognize estrogen receptor (ER) over-expressing on the surface of SKOV-3 cells. The characterizations, stability and in vitro release of ES-PEG-Lip-PTX/CBP were studied. In vitro cellular uptake and its mechanism were observed by fluorescence microscope. In vivo targeting effect in tumor-bearing mice was determined. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution were studied in ICR mice. In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anti-tumor efficacy were evaluated on SKOV-3 cells and tumor-bearing mice, respectively. Finally, the acute toxicity in ICR mice was explored for assessing the preliminary safety of ES-PEG-Lip-PTX/CBP. Results Our results showed that ES-PEG-Lip-PTX/CBP was spherical shape without aggregation. ES-PEG-Lip-PTX/CBP exhibited the optimum targeting effect on uptake in vitro and in vivo. The pharmacokinetics demonstrated ES-PEG-Lip-PTX/CBP had improved the pharmacokinetic behavior. In vitro cytotoxicity showed that ES-PEG-Lip-PTX/CBP maximally inhibited SKOV-3 cell proliferation and its IC50 values was 1.6 times lower than that of non-ES conjugated liposomes at 72 h. The in vivo anti-tumor efficacy study demonstrated that ES-PEG-Lip-PTX/CBP could lead strong SKOV-3 tumor growth suppression with a tumor volume inhibitory rate of 81.8%. Meanwhile, acute toxicity studies confirmed that ES-PEG-Lip-PTX/CBP significantly reduced the toxicity of the chemo drugs. Conclusion ES-PEG-Lip-PTX/CBP was successfully prepared with an optimal physicochemical and ER targeting property. The data of pharmacokinetics, anti-tumor efficacy and safety study indicated that ES-PEG-Lip-PTX/CBP could become a promising therapeutic formulation for human ovarian cancer in the future clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Tang
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhuo Xie
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Jia
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Shen
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucui Zheng
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfanghui Miao
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Pei
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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11
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Kramer L, Song HW, Mitchell K, Kartik M, Jain R, Escarra VL, Quiros E, Fu H, Singh A, Roy K. Lipid Membrane‐Based Antigen Presentation to B Cells Using a Fully Synthetic Ex Vivo Germinal Center Model. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022; 2. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liana Kramer
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Hannah W. Song
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Kaiya Mitchell
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Mythili Kartik
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Ritika Jain
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Victoria Lozano Escarra
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Enrique Quiros
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Harrison Fu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Ankur Singh
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology 315 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine 313 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology 315 Ferst Dr NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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12
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Wholey WY, Yoda ST, Cheng W. Site-Specific and Stable Conjugation of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain to Liposomes in the Absence of Any Other Adjuvants Elicits Potent Neutralizing Antibodies in BALB/c Mice. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:2497-2506. [PMID: 34775749 PMCID: PMC8918018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding immune responses toward viral infection will be useful for potential therapeutic intervention and offer insights into the design of prophylactic vaccines. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. To understand the complex immune responses toward SARS-CoV-2 infection, here we developed a method to express and purify the recombinant and engineered viral receptor-binding domain (RBD) to more than 95% purity. We could encapsulate RNA molecules into the interior of a virion-sized liposome. We conjugated the purified RBD proteins onto the surface of the liposome in an orientation-specific manner with defined spatial densities. Both the encapsulation of RNAs and the chemical conjugation of the RBD protein on liposome surfaces were stable under physiologically relevant conditions. In contrast to soluble RBD proteins, a single injection of RBD-conjugated liposomes alone, in the absence of any other adjuvants, elicited RBD-specific B cell responses in BALB/c mice, and the resulting animal sera could potently neutralize HIV-1 pseudovirions that displayed the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. These results validate these supramolecular structures as a novel and effective tool to mimic the structure of enveloped viruses, the use of which will allow systematic dissection of the complex B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Wholey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sekou-Tidiane Yoda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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13
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Vu MN, Kelly HG, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK. Current and future nanoparticle vaccines for COVID-19. EBioMedicine 2021; 74:103699. [PMID: 34801965 PMCID: PMC8602808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has become a major cause of global mortality and driven massive health and economic disruptions. Mass global vaccination offers the most efficient pathway towards ending the pandemic. The development and deployment of first-generation COVID-19 vaccines, encompassing mRNA or viral vectors, has proceeded at a phenomenal pace. Going forward, nanoparticle-based vaccines which deliver SARS-CoV-2 antigens will play an increasing role in extending or improving vaccination outcomes against COVID-19. At present, over 26 nanoparticle vaccine candidates have advanced into clinical testing, with ∼60 more in pre-clinical development. Here, we discuss the emerging promise of nanotechnology in vaccine design and manufacturing to combat SARS-CoV-2, and highlight opportunities and challenges presented by these novel vaccine platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai N Vu
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Hannah G Kelly
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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14
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Vu MN, Kelly HG, Tan H, Juno JA, Esterbauer R, Davis TP, Truong NP, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Hemagglutinin Functionalized Liposomal Vaccines Enhance Germinal Center and Follicular Helper T Cell Immunity. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002142. [PMID: 33690985 PMCID: PMC8206650 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite remarkable successes of immunization in protecting public health, safe and effective vaccines against a number of life-threatening pathogens such as HIV, ebola, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 remain urgently needed. Subunit vaccines can avoid potential toxicity associated with traditional whole virion-inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines; however, the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines is often poor. A facile method is here reported to produce lipid nanoparticle subunit vaccines that exhibit high immunogenicity and elicit protection against influenza virus. Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) immunogens are functionalized on the surface of liposomes via stable metal chelation chemistry, using a scalable advanced microfluidic mixing technology (NanoAssemblr). Immunization of mice with HA-liposomes elicits increased serum antibody titers and superior protection against highly pathogenic virus challenge compared with free HA protein. HA-liposomal vaccines display enhanced antigen deposition into germinal centers within the draining lymph nodes, driving increased HA-specific B cell, and follicular helper T cell responses. This work provides mechanistic insights into highly protective HA-liposome vaccines and informs the rational design and rapid production of next generation nanoparticle subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai N. Vu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
- Department of PharmaceuticsHanoi University of PharmacyHanoi10000Vietnam
| | - Hannah G. Kelly
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Hyon‐Xhi Tan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Juno
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Australia Institute of Bioengineering & NanotechnologyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVIC3004Australia
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15
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Suleiman E, Mayer J, Lehner E, Kohlhauser B, Katholnig A, Batzoni M, Damm D, Temchura V, Wagner A, Überla K, Vorauer-Uhl K. Conjugation of Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Trimers onto Liposomes Using EDC/Sulfo-NHS Chemistry: Requirements and Limitations. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E979. [PMID: 33081278 PMCID: PMC7589475 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The display of native-like human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope (HIV-1 Env) trimers on liposomes has gained wide attention over the last few years. Currently, available methods have enabled the preparation of Env-liposome conjugates of unprecedented quality. However, these protocols require the Env trimer to be tagged and/or to carry a specific functional group. For this reason, we have investigated N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide/N-Hydroxysulfosuccinimide (EDC/Sulfo-NHS) chemistry for its potential to covalently conjugate tag-free, non-functionalized native-like Env trimers onto the surface of carboxyl-functionalized liposomes. The preservation of the liposome's physical integrity and the immunogen's conformation required a fine-tuned two-step approach based on the controlled use of β-mercaptoethanol. The display of Env trimers was strictly limited to activated liposomes of positive charge, i.e., liposomes with a positive zeta potential that carry amine-reactive Sulfo-NHS esters on their surface. In agreement with that, conjugation was found to be highly ionic strength- and pH-dependent. Overall, we have identified electrostatic pre-concentration (i.e., close proximity between negatively charged Env trimers and positively charged liposomes established through electrostatic attraction) to be crucial for conjugation reactions to proceed. The present study highlights the requirements and limitations of potentially scalable EDC/Sulfo-NHS-based approaches and represents a solid basis for further research into the controlled conjugation of tag-free, non-functionalized native-like Env trimers on the surface of liposomes, and other nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Suleiman
- Polymun Scientific Immunbiologische Forschung GmbH, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria;
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (E.L.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (K.V.-U.)
| | - Julia Mayer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (E.L.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (K.V.-U.)
| | - Elisabeth Lehner
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (E.L.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (K.V.-U.)
| | - Bianca Kohlhauser
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (E.L.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (K.V.-U.)
- University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Katholnig
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (E.L.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (K.V.-U.)
| | - Mirjam Batzoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (E.L.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (K.V.-U.)
- FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Damm
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (D.D.); (V.T.); (K.Ü.)
| | - Vladimir Temchura
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (D.D.); (V.T.); (K.Ü.)
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Polymun Scientific Immunbiologische Forschung GmbH, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria;
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (D.D.); (V.T.); (K.Ü.)
| | - Karola Vorauer-Uhl
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (E.L.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (K.V.-U.)
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16
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Di J, Xie F, Xu Y. When liposomes met antibodies: Drug delivery and beyond. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 154-155:151-162. [PMID: 32926944 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drug encapsulated liposomes and monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) are two distinctively different classes of therapeutics, but both aim to become the ultimate "magic bullet". While PEGylated liposomes rely on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect for accumulation in solid tumor tissues, Mabs are designed to bind tightly to specific surface antigens on target cells to exert effector functions. Immunoliposome (IL) refers to the structural combination of liposomes and antibodies, whereas the antibodies are usually decorated on the liposome surface. ILs can therefore take advantage of interactions between antibodies and cancer cells for more efficient endocytosis and intracellular drug delivery. The antibody structure, affinity, density, as well as the liposome surface properties and drug to lipid ratios all contribute to the IL pharmacokinetic(PK) and pharmacodynamic(PD) behaviors. The optimal formulation parameters may vary for different target cells and tissues. Furthermore, besides the delivery of cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells, new ILs are being developed to interact with multiple target receptors, multiple target cells and trigger multiple therapeutic effects. We envision that the IL format can be a great platform for the molecular engineering of multi-valent, multi-specific interactions to achieve complex biological functions for therapeutic benefits, especially in the area of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Di
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, United States of America
| | - Yuhong Xu
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, China.
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17
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Wholey WY, Mueller JL, Tan C, Brooks JF, Zikherman J, Cheng W. Synthetic Liposomal Mimics of Biological Viruses for the Study of Immune Responses to Infection and Vaccination. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:685-697. [PMID: 31940172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human viruses possess very complex supramolecular structures. Both icosahedral and enveloped viruses typically display an array of viral-encoded protein antigens at varied spatial densities on the viral particle surface. The viral nucleic acid genome, on the other hand, is encapsulated inside the viral particle. Although both the surface antigen and the interior nucleic acids could independently produce immunological responses, how B cells integrate these two types of signals and respond to a typical virus particle to initiate activation is not well understood at a molecular level. The study of these fundamental biological processes would benefit from the development of viral structural mimics that are well constructed to incorporate both quantitative and qualitative viral features for presentation to B cells. These novel tools would enable researchers to systematically dissect the underlying processes. Here we report the development of such particulate antigens based on liposomes engineered to display a model protein antigen, hen egg lysozyme (HEL). We developed methods to overexpress and purify various affinity mutants of HEL from E. coli. We conjugated the purified recombinant HEL proteins onto the surface of a virion-sized liposome in an orientation-specific manner at defined spatial densities and also encapsulated nucleic acid molecules into the interior of the liposome. Both the chemical conjugation of the HEL antigen on liposome surfaces and the encapsulation of nucleic acids were stable under physiologically relevant conditions. These liposomes elicited antigen-specific B-cell responses in vitro, which validate these supramolecular structures as a novel and effective approach to mimic and systematically isolate the role of essential viral features in directing the B-cell response to particulate antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Wholey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - James L Mueller
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Corey Tan
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Jeremy F Brooks
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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18
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Chen Z, Wholey WY, Hassani Najafabadi A, Moon JJ, Grigorova I, Chackerian B, Cheng W. Self-Antigens Displayed on Liposomal Nanoparticles above a Threshold of Epitope Density Elicit Class-Switched Autoreactive Antibodies Independent of T Cell Help. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:335-347. [PMID: 31836655 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epitope density has a profound impact on B cell responses to particulate Ags, the molecular mechanisms of which remain to be explored. To dissect the role of epitope density in this process, we have synthesized a series of liposomal particles, similar to the size of viruses, that display a model self-antigen peptide at defined surface densities. Immunization of C57BL/6J mice using these particles elicited both IgM and class-switched IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3 autoreactive Abs that depended on the epitope density. In C57BL/6 gene knockout mice lacking either functional TCRs or MHC class II molecules on B cells, the liposomal particles also elicited IgM, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3 responses that were comparable in magnitudes to wild-type mice, suggesting that this B cell response was independent of cognate T cell help. Notably, the titer of the IgG in wild-type animals could be increased by more than 200-fold upon replacement of liposomes with bacteriophage Qβ virus-like particles that displayed the same self-antigen peptide at comparable epitope densities. This enhancement was lost almost completely in gene knockout mice lacking either TCRs or MHC class II molecules on B cells. In conclusion, epitope density above a threshold on particulate Ags can serve as a stand-alone signal to trigger secretion of autoreactive and class-switched IgG in vivo in the absence of cognate T cell help or any adjuvants. The extraordinary immunogenicity of Qβ viral-like particles relies, in large part, on their ability to effectively recruit T cell help after B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Wei-Yun Wholey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Irina Grigorova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bryce Chackerian
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131; and
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; .,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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19
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Raghunath G, Dyer RB. Kinetics of Histidine-Tagged Protein Association to Nickel-Decorated Liposome Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12550-12561. [PMID: 31466440 PMCID: PMC6759406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-chelating lipids offer a convenient platform for reversible immobilization of histidine-tagged proteins to liposome surfaces. This interaction recently found utility as a model system for studying membrane remodeling triggered by protein crowding. Despite its wide array of utility, the molecular details of transient protein association to the lipid surfaces decorated with such chelator lipids remains poorly understood. In this study, we explore the kinetics of protein-liposome association across a wide concentration range using stopped-flow fluorescence. The fluorescence of histidine-tagged protein containing an intrinsic fluorophore (superfolder green fluorescent protein, SfGFP) was quenched upon binding to Ni-NTA-modified liposomes containing the quencher Dabsyl-PE lipids. Stopped-flow fluorescence reveals a complex, multiexponential binding behavior with a fast (kobs ∼ 10-20 s-1) phase and slower (kobs < 4 s-1) phase. Interestingly, the observed rates for the slower phase increase initially under low concentrations but start decreasing once a critical concentration is reached. Despite differences in the binding time scales, we observe that the trend of decreasing rates is reproducible irrespective of the chelator lipid doping level, protein surface charge, or lipid composition. Consideration of the protein footprint and membrane surface area occupancy leads us to conclude that the multiphasic binding behavior is reflective of protein binding via two distinct binding conformations. We propose that preliminary steps in protein association involve binding of a sterically occlusive side-on conformation followed by reorganization that leads to an end-on conformation with increased packing density. These results are important for the improvement of histidine-tag-based immobilization strategies and offer mechanistic insight into intermediates preceding membrane bending driven by protein crowding.
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20
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Tokatlian T, Kulp DW, Mutafyan AA, Jones CA, Menis S, Georgeson E, Kubitz M, Zhang MH, Melo MB, Silva M, Yun DS, Schief WR, Irvine DJ. Enhancing Humoral Responses Against HIV Envelope Trimers via Nanoparticle Delivery with Stabilized Synthetic Liposomes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16527. [PMID: 30410003 PMCID: PMC6224390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An HIV vaccine capable of eliciting durable neutralizing antibody responses continues to be an important unmet need. Multivalent nanoparticles displaying a high density of envelope trimers may be promising immunogen forms to elicit strong and durable humoral responses to HIV, but critical particle design criteria remain to be fully defined. To this end, we developed strategies to covalently anchor a stabilized gp140 trimer, BG505 MD39, on the surfaces of synthetic liposomes to study the effects of trimer density and vesicle stability on vaccine-elicited humoral responses in mice. CryoEM imaging revealed homogeneously distributed and oriented MD39 on the surface of liposomes irrespective of particle size, lipid composition, and conjugation strategy. Immunization with covalent MD39-coupled liposomes led to increased germinal center and antigen-specific T follicular helper cell responses and significantly higher avidity serum MD39-specific IgG responses compared to immunization with soluble MD39 trimers. A priming immunization with liposomal-MD39 was important for elicitation of high avidity antibody responses, regardless of whether booster immunizations were administered with either soluble or particulate trimers. The stability of trimer anchoring to liposomes was critical for these effects, as germinal center and output antibody responses were further increased by liposome compositions incorporating sphingomyelin that exhibited high in vitro stability in the presence of serum. Together these data highlight key liposome design features for optimizing humoral immunity to lipid nanoparticle immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel W Kulp
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, California, USA.,Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Sergey Menis
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, California, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, California, USA
| | - Mike Kubitz
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - William R Schief
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, California, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Science, TSRI, California, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute, MIT, Massachusetts, USA. .,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, California, USA. .,Department of Biological Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering, MIT, Massachusetts, USA. .,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Maryland, USA.
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21
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Elbahnasawy MA, Donius LR, Reinherz EL, Kim M. Co-delivery of a CD4 T cell helper epitope via covalent liposome attachment with a surface-arrayed B cell target antigen fosters higher affinity antibody responses. Vaccine 2018; 36:6191-6201. [PMID: 30197285 PMCID: PMC6192012 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Liposomal vaccines incorporating adjuvant and CD4 T cell helper peptides enhance antibody responses against weakly immunogenic B cell epitopes such as found in the membrane proximal external region (MPER) of the HIV-1 gp41 subunit. While the inclusion of exogenous helper peptides in vaccine formulations facilitates stronger and more durable antibody responses, the helper peptide incorporation strategy per se may influence the overall magnitude and quality of B cell target antigen immunogenicity. Both variability in individual peptide encapsulation as well as the potential for liposome surface-associated helper peptides to misdirect the humoral response are potential parameters impacting outcome. In this study, we used MPER/liposome vaccines as a model system to examine how the mode of the potent LACK T helper peptide formulation modulates antibody responses against the MPER antigen. We directly compared liposome surface-arrayed palmitoyl LACK (pLACK) versus soluble LACK (sLACK) encapsulated in the liposomes and free in solution. Independent of LACK formulation methods, dendritic cell activation and LACK presentation were equivalent in vivo. The frequency of MPER-specific GC B cells promoted by sLACK was higher than that stimulated by pLACK formulation, a finding associated with a significantly greater frequency of LACK-specific GC B cells induced by pLACK. While there were no significant differences in the quantity of MPER-specific serological responses, the MPER-specific antibody titer trended higher with sLACK formulated vaccines at the lower dose of LACK. However, pLACK generated relatively greater MPER-specific antibody affinities than those induced by sLACK-formulated vaccines. Overall, the results suggest that liposomal surface-associated LACK enhances immunogenicity of LACK through better engagement of LACK-specific B cells. Of note, this is not detrimental to the induction of MPER-specific immune responses; rather, the elicitation of higher affinity anti-MPER antibodies benefits from augmented help delivered via covalent linkage of the pLACK CD4 T cell epitope in conjunction with MPER/liposome presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Elbahnasawy
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luke R Donius
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ellis L Reinherz
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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