1
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Rackaityte E, Proekt I, Miller HS, Ramesh A, Brooks JF, Kung AF, Mandel-Brehm C, Yu D, Zamecnik CR, Bair R, Vazquez SE, Sunshine S, Abram CL, Lowell CA, Rizzuto G, Wilson MR, Zikherman J, Anderson MS, DeRisi JL. Validation of a murine proteome-wide phage display library for identification of autoantibody specificities. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e174976. [PMID: 37934865 PMCID: PMC10795829 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity is characterized by loss of tolerance to tissue-specific as well as systemic antigens, resulting in complex autoantibody landscapes. Here, we introduce and extensively validate the performance characteristics of a murine proteome-wide library for phage display immunoprecipitation and sequencing (PhIP-seq) in profiling mouse autoantibodies. This library was validated using 7 genetically distinct mouse lines across a spectrum of autoreactivity. Mice deficient in antibody production (Rag2-/- and μMT) were used to model nonspecific peptide enrichments, while cross-reactivity was evaluated using anti-ovalbumin B cell receptor-restricted OB1 mice as a proof of principle. The PhIP-seq approach was then utilized to interrogate 3 distinct autoimmune disease models. First, serum from Lyn-/- IgD+/- mice with lupus-like disease was used to identify nuclear and apoptotic bleb reactivities. Second, serum from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a polygenic model of pancreas-specific autoimmunity, was enriched in peptides derived from both insulin and predicted pancreatic proteins. Lastly, Aire-/- mouse sera were used to identify numerous autoantigens, many of which were also observed in previous studies of humans with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 carrying recessive mutations in AIRE. These experiments support the use of murine proteome-wide PhIP-seq for antigenic profiling and autoantibody discovery, which may be employed to study a range of immune perturbations in mouse models of autoimmunity profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haleigh S. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Biological and Medical Informatics Program
| | - Akshaya Ramesh
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine
| | - Jeremy F. Brooks
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Andrew F. Kung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Biological and Medical Informatics Program
| | | | - David Yu
- Diabetes Center, School of Medicine
| | - Colin R. Zamecnik
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine
| | - Rebecca Bair
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine
| | - Sara E. Vazquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Diabetes Center, School of Medicine
| | | | - Clare L. Abram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Gabrielle Rizzuto
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael R. Wilson
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Joseph L. DeRisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
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2
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Brooks JF, Riggs J, Mueller JL, Mathenge R, Wholey WY, Meyer AR, Yoda ST, Vykunta VS, Nielsen HV, Cheng W, Zikherman J. Molecular basis for potent B cell responses to antigen displayed on particles of viral size. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1762-1777. [PMID: 37653247 PMCID: PMC10950062 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent viral epitopes induce rapid, robust and T cell-independent humoral immune responses, but the biochemical basis for such potency remains incompletely understood. We take advantage of a set of liposomes of viral size engineered to display affinity mutants of the model antigen (Ag) hen egg lysozyme. Particulate Ag induces potent 'all-or-none' B cell responses that are density dependent but affinity independent. Unlike soluble Ag, particulate Ag induces signal amplification downstream of the B cell receptor by selectively evading LYN-dependent inhibitory pathways and maximally activates NF-κB in a manner that mimics T cell help. Such signaling induces MYC expression and enables even low doses of particulate Ag to trigger robust B cell proliferation in vivo in the absence of adjuvant. We uncover a molecular basis for highly sensitive B cell responses to viral Ag display that is independent of encapsulated nucleic acids and is not merely accounted for by avidity and B cell receptor cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F Brooks
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julianne Riggs
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James L Mueller
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raisa Mathenge
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wei-Yun Wholey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexander R Meyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sekou-Tidiane Yoda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vivasvan S Vykunta
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hailyn V Nielsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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Rackaityte E, Proekt I, Miller HS, Ramesh A, Brooks JF, Kung AF, Mandel-Brehm C, Yu D, Zamecnik C, Bair R, Vazquez SE, Sunshine S, Abram CL, Lowell CA, Rizzuto G, Wilson MR, Zikherman J, Anderson MS, DeRisi JL. Validation of a murine proteome-wide phage display library for the identification of autoantibody specificities. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.07.535899. [PMID: 37066405 PMCID: PMC10104109 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.07.535899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmunity is characterized by loss of tolerance to tissue-specific as well as systemic antigens, resulting in complex autoantibody landscapes. Here, we introduce and extensively validate the performance characteristics of a murine proteome-wide library for phage display immunoprecipitation and sequencing (PhIP-seq), to profile mouse autoantibodies. This system and library were validated using seven genetic mouse models across a spectrum of autoreactivity. Mice deficient in antibody production (Rag2-/- and μMT) were used to model non-specific peptide enrichments, while cross-reactivity was evaluated using anti-ovalbumin B cell receptor (BCR)-restricted OB1 mice as a proof of principle. The PhIP-seq approach was then utilized to interrogate three distinct autoimmune disease models. First, serum from Lyn-/- IgD+/- mice with lupus-like disease was used to identify nuclear and apoptotic bleb reactivities, lending support to the hypothesis that apoptosis is a shared origin of these antigens. Second, serum from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a polygenic model of pancreas-specific autoimmunity, enriched peptides derived from both insulin and predicted pancreatic proteins. Lastly, Aire-/- mouse sera were used to identify numerous auto-antigens, many of which were also observed in previous studies of humans with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 (APS1) carrying recessive mutations in AIRE. Among these were peptides derived from Perilipin-1, a validated autoimmune biomarker of generalized acquired lipodystrophy in humans. Autoreactivity to Perilipin-1 correlated with lymphocyte infiltration in adipose tissue and underscores the approach in revealing previously unknown specificities. These experiments support the use of murine proteome-wide PhIP-seq for antigenic profiling and autoantibody discovery, which may be employed to study a range of immune perturbations in mouse models of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elze Rackaityte
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Irina Proekt
- Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Haleigh S. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
- Biological and Medical Informatics Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Akshaya Ramesh
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Jeremy F. Brooks
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Andrew F. Kung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
- Biological and Medical Informatics Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Caleigh Mandel-Brehm
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - David Yu
- Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Colin Zamecnik
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Rebecca Bair
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Sara E. Vazquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
- Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Sara Sunshine
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Clare L. Abram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Clifford A. Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Rizzuto
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, NY
| | - Michael R. Wilson
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Mark S. Anderson
- Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Joseph L. DeRisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
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4
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Brooks JF, Riggs J, Mueller JL, Mathenge R, Wholey WY, Yoda ST, Vykunta VS, Cheng W, Zikherman J. Molecular basis for potent B cell responses to antigen displayed on particles of viral size. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.15.528761. [PMID: 36824873 PMCID: PMC9949087 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although it has long been appreciated that multivalent antigens - and particularly viral epitope display - produce extremely rapid, robust, and T-independent humoral immune responses, the biochemical basis for such potency has been incompletely understood. Here we take advantage of a set of neutral liposomes of viral size that are engineered to display affinity mutants of the model antigen (Ag) hen egg lysozyme at precisely varied density. We show that particulate Ag display by liposomes induces highly potent B cell responses that are dose-and density-dependent but affinity-independent. Titrating dose of particulate, but not soluble, Ag reveals bimodal Erk phosphorylation and cytosolic calcium increases. Particulate Ag induces signal amplification downstream of the B cell receptor (BCR) by selectively evading LYN-dependent inhibitory pathways, but in vitro potency is independent of CD19. Importantly, Ag display on viral-sized particles signals independently of MYD88 and IRAK1/4, but activates NF- κ B robustly in a manner that mimics T cell help. Together, such biased signaling by particulate Ag promotes MYC expression and reduces the threshold required for B cell proliferation relative to soluble Ag. These findings uncover a molecular basis for highly sensitive B cell response to viral Ag display and remarkable potency of virus-like particle vaccines that is not merely accounted for by avidity and BCR cross-linking, and is independent of the contribution of B cell nucleic acid-sensing machinery.
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5
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Hiwa R, Brooks JF, Mueller JL, Nielsen HV, Zikherman J. NR4A nuclear receptors in T and B lymphocytes: Gatekeepers of immune tolerance . Immunol Rev 2022; 307:116-133. [PMID: 35174510 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Random VDJ recombination early in T and B cell development enables the adaptive immune system to recognize a vast array of evolving pathogens via antigen receptors. However, the potential of such randomly generated TCRs and BCRs to recognize and respond to self-antigens requires layers of tolerance mechanisms to mitigate the risk of life-threatening autoimmunity. Since they were originally cloned more than three decades ago, the NR4A family of nuclear hormone receptors have been implicated in many critical aspects of immune tolerance, including negative selection of thymocytes, peripheral T cell tolerance, regulatory T cells (Treg), and most recently in peripheral B cell tolerance. In this review, we discuss important insights from many laboratories as well as our own group into the function and mechanisms by which this small class of primary response genes promotes self-tolerance and immune homeostasis to balance the need for host defense against the inherent risks posed by the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Hiwa
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jeremy F Brooks
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James L Mueller
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hailyn V Nielsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engelman Arthritis Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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6
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Cautivo KM, Matatia PR, Lizama CO, Mroz NM, Dahlgren MW, Yu X, Sbierski-Kind J, Taruselli MT, Brooks JF, Wade-Vallance A, Caryotakis SE, Chang AA, Liang HE, Zikherman J, Locksley RM, Molofsky AB. Interferon gamma constrains type 2 lymphocyte niche boundaries during mixed inflammation. Immunity 2022; 55:254-271.e7. [PMID: 35139352 PMCID: PMC8852844 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allergic immunity is orchestrated by group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and type 2 helper T (Th2) cells prominently arrayed at epithelial- and microbial-rich barriers. However, ILC2s and Th2 cells are also present in fibroblast-rich niches within the adventitial layer of larger vessels and similar boundary structures in sterile deep tissues, and it remains unclear whether they undergo dynamic repositioning during immune perturbations. Here, we used thick-section quantitative imaging to show that allergic inflammation drives invasion of lung and liver non-adventitial parenchyma by ILC2s and Th2 cells. However, during concurrent type 1 and type 2 mixed inflammation, IFNγ from broadly distributed type 1 lymphocytes directly blocked both ILC2 parenchymal trafficking and subsequent cell survival. ILC2 and Th2 cell confinement to adventitia limited mortality by the type 1 pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Our results suggest that the topography of tissue lymphocyte subsets is tightly regulated to promote appropriately timed and balanced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Cautivo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peri R Matatia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carlos O Lizama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas M Mroz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Madelene W Dahlgren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia Sbierski-Kind
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcela T Taruselli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy F Brooks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam Wade-Vallance
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sofia E Caryotakis
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anthony A Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hong-Erh Liang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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7
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Brooks JF, Tan C, Mueller JL, Hibiya K, Hiwa R, Vykunta V, Zikherman J. Negative feedback by NUR77/Nr4a1 restrains B cell clonal dominance during early T-dependent immune responses. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109645. [PMID: 34469720 PMCID: PMC8564879 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell clones compete for entry into and dominance within germinal centers (GCs), where the highest-affinity B cell receptors (BCRs) are selected. However, diverse and low-affinity B cells can enter and reside in GCs for extended periods. To reconcile these observations, we hypothesize that a negative feedback loop may operate within B cells to preferentially restrain high-affinity clones from monopolizing the early GC niche. Here, we report a role for the nuclear receptor NUR77/Nr4a1 in this process. We show that NUR77 expression scales with antigen stimulation and restrains B cell expansion. Although NUR77 is dispensable for regulating GC size when GCs are elicited in a largely clonal manner, it serves to curb immunodominance under conditions where diverse clonal populations must compete for a constrained niche. We propose that this is important to preserve early clonal diversity in order to limit holes in the post-immune repertoire and to optimize GC selection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Clonal Selection, Antigen-Mediated
- Feedback, Physiological
- Female
- Germinal Center/drug effects
- Germinal Center/immunology
- Germinal Center/metabolism
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunization
- Immunodominant Epitopes
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F Brooks
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Corey Tan
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - James L Mueller
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kenta Hibiya
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ryosuke Hiwa
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Vivasvan Vykunta
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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8
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Abstract
Although BAFF/BLyS and its receptor, BAFFR, play critical roles in naive B cell survival, the pathways involved in the persistence of memory B cells are largely unknown. In this issue of JEM, two groups, Müller-Winkler et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20191393) and Lau et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20191167), take complementary approaches to identify an essential role for BAFFR in the survival of memory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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9
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Brooks JF, Murphy PR, Barber JEM, Wells JW, Steptoe RJ. Peripheral Tolerance Checkpoints Imposed by Ubiquitous Antigen Expression Limit Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses under Strongly Immunogenic Conditions. J I 2020; 205:1239-1247. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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10
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Brooks JF, Barber JEM, Davies JM, Wells JW, Steptoe RJ. Transfer of antigen-encoding bone marrow under immune-preserving conditions deletes mature antigen-specific B cells in recipients and inhibits antigen-specific antibody production. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:436-444. [PMID: 32546362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Pathological activation and collaboration of T and B cells underlies pathogenic autoantibody responses. Existing treatments for autoimmune disease cause non-specific immunosuppression, and induction of antigen-specific tolerance remains an elusive goal. Many immunotherapies aim to manipulate the T-cell component of T-B interplay, but few directly target B cells. One possible means to specifically target B cells is the transfer of gene-engineered BM that, once engrafted, gives rise to widespread specific and tolerogenic antigen expression within the hematopoietic system. METHODS Gene-engineered bone marrow encoding ubiquitous ovalbumin expression was transferred after low-dose (300-cGy) immune-preserving irradiation. B-cell responsiveness was monitored by analyzing ovalbumin-specific antibody production after immunization with ovalbumin/complete Freund's adjuvant. Ovalbumin-specific B cells and their response to immunization were analyzed using multi-tetramer staining. When antigen-encoding bone marrow was transferred under immune-preserving conditions, cognate antigen-specific B cells were purged from the recipient's preexisting B-cell repertoire and the repertoire that arose after bone marrow transfer. RESULTS OVA-specific B-cell deletion was apparent within the established host B-cell repertoire as well as that developing after gene-engineered bone marrow transfer. OVA-specific antibody production was substantially inhibited by transfer of OVA-encoding BM and activation of OVA-specific B cells, germinal center formation and subsequent OVA-specific plasmablast differentiation were all inhibited. Low levels of gene-engineered bone marrow chimerism were sufficient to limit antigen-specific antibody production. RESULTS These data show that antigen-specific B cells within an established B-cell repertoire are susceptible to de novo tolerance induction, and this can be achieved by transfer of gene-engineered bone marrow. This adds further dimensions to the utility of antigen-encoding bone marrow transfer as an immunotherapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F Brooks
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - James E M Barber
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Janet M Davies
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James W Wells
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Raymond J Steptoe
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia.
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11
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Wholey WY, Mueller JL, Tan C, Brooks JF, Zikherman J, Cheng W. Synthetic Liposomal Mimics of Biological Viruses for the Study of Immune Responses to Infection and Vaccination. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:685-697. [PMID: 31940172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human viruses possess very complex supramolecular structures. Both icosahedral and enveloped viruses typically display an array of viral-encoded protein antigens at varied spatial densities on the viral particle surface. The viral nucleic acid genome, on the other hand, is encapsulated inside the viral particle. Although both the surface antigen and the interior nucleic acids could independently produce immunological responses, how B cells integrate these two types of signals and respond to a typical virus particle to initiate activation is not well understood at a molecular level. The study of these fundamental biological processes would benefit from the development of viral structural mimics that are well constructed to incorporate both quantitative and qualitative viral features for presentation to B cells. These novel tools would enable researchers to systematically dissect the underlying processes. Here we report the development of such particulate antigens based on liposomes engineered to display a model protein antigen, hen egg lysozyme (HEL). We developed methods to overexpress and purify various affinity mutants of HEL from E. coli. We conjugated the purified recombinant HEL proteins onto the surface of a virion-sized liposome in an orientation-specific manner at defined spatial densities and also encapsulated nucleic acid molecules into the interior of the liposome. Both the chemical conjugation of the HEL antigen on liposome surfaces and the encapsulation of nucleic acids were stable under physiologically relevant conditions. These liposomes elicited antigen-specific B-cell responses in vitro, which validate these supramolecular structures as a novel and effective approach to mimic and systematically isolate the role of essential viral features in directing the B-cell response to particulate antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Wholey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - James L Mueller
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Corey Tan
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Jeremy F Brooks
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Brooks JF, Liu X, Davies JM, Wells JW, Steptoe RJ. Tetramer‐based identification of naïve antigen‐specific B cells within a polyclonal repertoire. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1251-1254. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F. Brooks
- The University of Queensland, Translational Research InstituteUniversity of Queensland Diamantina Institute Brisbane Australia
| | - Xiao Liu
- The University of Queensland, Translational Research InstituteUniversity of Queensland Diamantina Institute Brisbane Australia
| | - Janet M. Davies
- School of Biomedical SciencesInstitute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia
| | - James W. Wells
- The University of Queensland, Translational Research InstituteUniversity of Queensland Diamantina Institute Brisbane Australia
| | - Raymond J. Steptoe
- The University of Queensland, Translational Research InstituteUniversity of Queensland Diamantina Institute Brisbane Australia
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Al-Kouba J, Wilkinson AN, Starkey MR, Rudraraju R, Werder RB, Liu X, Law SC, Horvat JC, Brooks JF, Hill GR, Davies JM, Phipps S, Hansbro PM, Steptoe RJ. Allergen-encoding bone marrow transfer inactivates allergic T cell responses, alleviating airway inflammation. JCI Insight 2017; 2:85742. [PMID: 28570267 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.85742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory Th2 cell responses underlie the development and perpetuation of allergic diseases. Because these states result from immune dysregulation, established Th2 cell responses represent a significant challenge for conventional immunotherapies. New approaches that overcome the detrimental effects of immune dysregulation are required. We tested whether memory Th2 cell responses were silenced using a therapeutic approach where allergen expression in DCs is transferred to sensitized recipients using BM cells as a vector for therapeutic gene transfer. Development of allergen-specific Th2 responses and allergen-induced airway inflammation was blocked by expression of allergen in DCs. Adoptive transfer studies showed that Th2 responses were inactivated by a combination of deletion and induction of T cell unresponsiveness. Transfer of BM encoding allergen expression targeted to DCs terminated, in an allergen-specific manner, Th2 responses in sensitized recipients. Importantly, when preexisting airway inflammation was present, there was effective silencing of Th2 cell responses, airway inflammation was alleviated, and airway hyperreactivity was reversed. The effectiveness of DC-targeted allergen expression to terminate established Th2 responses in sensitized animals indicates that exploiting cell-intrinsic T cell tolerance pathways could lead to development of highly effective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Al-Kouba
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew N Wilkinson
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Rajeev Rudraraju
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rhiannon B Werder
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiao Liu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Soi-Cheng Law
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jeremy F Brooks
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janet M Davies
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Raymond J Steptoe
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Brooks JF. General practice and psychiatry. J Med Assoc Ga 1967; 56:35. [PMID: 6038573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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