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Pashirova T, Salah-Tazdaït R, Tazdaït D, Masson P. Applications of Microbial Organophosphate-Degrading Enzymes to Detoxification of Organophosphorous Compounds for Medical Countermeasures against Poisoning and Environmental Remediation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7822. [PMID: 39063063 PMCID: PMC11277490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mining of organophosphorous (OPs)-degrading bacterial enzymes in collections of known bacterial strains and in natural biotopes are important research fields that lead to the isolation of novel OP-degrading enzymes. Then, implementation of strategies and methods of protein engineering and nanobiotechnology allow large-scale production of enzymes, displaying improved catalytic properties for medical uses and protection of the environment. For medical applications, the enzyme formulations must be stable in the bloodstream and upon storage and not susceptible to induce iatrogenic effects. This, in particular, includes the nanoencapsulation of bioscavengers of bacterial origin. In the application field of bioremediation, these enzymes play a crucial role in environmental cleanup by initiating the degradation of OPs, such as pesticides, in contaminated environments. In microbial cell configuration, these enzymes can break down chemical bonds of OPs and usually convert them into less toxic metabolites through a biotransformation process or contribute to their complete mineralization. In their purified state, they exhibit higher pollutant degradation efficiencies and the ability to operate under different environmental conditions. Thus, this review provides a clear overview of the current knowledge about applications of OP-reacting enzymes. It presents research works focusing on the use of these enzymes in various bioremediation strategies to mitigate environmental pollution and in medicine as alternative therapeutic means against OP poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pashirova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia;
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Rym Salah-Tazdaït
- Bioengineering and Process Engineering Laboratory (BIOGEP), National Polytechnic School, 10 Rue des Frères Oudek, El Harrach, Algiers 16200, Algeria; (R.S.-T.); (D.T.)
| | - Djaber Tazdaït
- Bioengineering and Process Engineering Laboratory (BIOGEP), National Polytechnic School, 10 Rue des Frères Oudek, El Harrach, Algiers 16200, Algeria; (R.S.-T.); (D.T.)
- Department of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Algiers, Benyoucef Benkhedda, 2 Rue Didouche Mourad, Algiers 16000, Algeria
| | - Patrick Masson
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia;
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Li K, Liu Y, Liu Y, Li Q, Guo L, Xie J. The reactivation kinetic analysis, molecular docking, and dynamics of oximes against three V-type nerve agents inhibited four human cholinesterases. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 396:111061. [PMID: 38763347 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Nerve agents pose significant threats to civilian and military populations. The reactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is critical in treating acute poisoning, but there is still lacking broad-spectrum reactivators, which presents a big challenge. Therefore, insights gained from the reactivation kinetic analysis and molecular docking are essential for understanding the behavior of reactivators towards intoxicated AChE. In this research, we present a systematic determination of the reactivation kinetics of three V agents-inhibited four human ChEs [(AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)) from either native or recombinant resources, namely, red blood cell (RBC) AChE, rhAChE, hBChE, rhBChE) reactivated by five standard oximes. We unveiled the effect of native and recombinant ChEs on the reactivation kinetics of V agents ex vitro, where the reactivation kinetics characteristic of Vs-inhibited BChE was reported for the first time. In terms of the inhibition type, all of the five oxime reactivators exhibited noncompetitive inhibition. The inhibition potency of these reactivators would not lead to the difference in the reactivation kinetics between native and recombinant ChE. Despite the significant differences between the native and recombinant ChEs observed in the inhibition, aging, and spontaneous reactivation kinetics, the reactivation kinetics of V agent-inhibited ChEs by oximes were less differentiated, which were supported by the ligand docking results. We also found differences in the reactivation efficiency between five reactivators and the phosphorylated enzyme, and molecular dynamic simulations can further explain from the perspectives of conformational stability, hydrogen bonding, binding free energies, and amino acid contributions. By Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) calculations, the total binding free energy trends aligned well with the experimental kr2 values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Li
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Liu
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqin Liu
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, 100850, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianwei Xie
- Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, 100850, Beijing, China
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Shajhutdinova Z, Pashirova T, Masson P. Kinetic Processes in Enzymatic Nanoreactors for In Vivo Detoxification. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040784. [PMID: 35453533 PMCID: PMC9025091 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic nanoreactors are enzyme-encapsulated nanobodies that are capable of performing biosynthetic or catabolic reactions. For this paper, we focused on therapeutic enzyme nanoreactors for the neutralization of toxicants, paying special attention to the inactivation of organophosphorus compounds (OP). Therapeutic enzymes that are capable of detoxifying OPs are known as bioscavengers. The encapsulation of injectable bioscavengers by nanoparticles was first used to prevent fast clearance and the immune response to heterologous enzymes. The aim of enzyme nanoreactors is also to provide a high concentration of the reactive enzyme in stable nanocontainers. Under these conditions, the detoxification reaction takes place inside the compartment, where the enzyme concentration is much higher than in the toxicant diffusing across the nanoreactor membrane. Thus, the determination of the concentration of the encapsulated enzyme is an important issue in nanoreactor biotechnology. The implications of second-order reaction conditions, the nanoreactor’s permeability in terms of substrates, and the reaction products and their possible osmotic, viscosity, and crowding effects are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zukhra Shajhutdinova
- Biochemical Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Tatiana Pashirova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Patrick Masson
- Biochemical Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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Pashirova TN, Bogdanov A, Masson P. Therapeutic nanoreactors for detoxification of xenobiotics: Concepts, challenges and biotechnological trends with special emphasis to organophosphate bioscavenging. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 346:109577. [PMID: 34274336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of enzyme nanoreactors in medicine is relatively new. However, this technology has already been experimentally successful in cancer treatments, struggle against toxicity of reactive oxygen species in inflammatory processes, detoxification of drugs and xenobiotics, and correction of metabolic and genetic defects by using encapsulated enzymes, acting in single or cascade reactions. Biomolecules, e.g. enzymes, antibodies, reactive proteins capable of inactivating toxicants in the body are called bioscavengers. In this review, we focus on enzyme-containing nanoreactors for in vivo detoxification of organophosphorous compounds (OP) to be used for prophylaxis and post-exposure treatment of OP poisoning. A particular attention is devoted to bioscavenger-containing injectable nanoreactors operating in the bloodstream. The nanoreactor concept implements single or multiple enzymes and cofactors co-encapsulated in polymeric semi-permeable nanocontainers. Thus, the detoxification processes take place in a confined space containing highly concentrated bioscavengers. The article deals with historical and theoretical backgrounds about enzymatic detoxification of OPs in nanoreactors, nanoreactor polymeric enveloppes, realizations and advantages over other approaches using bioscavengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Pashirova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei Bogdanov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Patrick Masson
- Kazan Federal University, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Kremlevskaya str., 18, Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation.
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Yu C, Zhao M, Pan Z, Bo Y, Zhao W, He X, Zhang J. Butyrylcholinesterase nanodepots with enhanced prophylactic and therapeutic performance for acute organophosphorus poisoning management. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1877-1887. [PMID: 33533366 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02478c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP) is a worldwide health concern that has threatened human lives for decades, which attacks acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and causes nervous system disorders. Classical treatment options are associated with short in vivo half-life and side effects. As a potential alternative, delivery of mammalian-derived butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) offers a cost-effective way to block organophosphorus attack on acetylcholinesterase, a key enzyme in the neurotransmitter cycle. Yet the use of exotic BChE as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent is compromised by short plasma residence, immune response and unfavorable biodistribution. To overcome these obstacles, BChE nanodepots (nBChE) composed of a BChE core/polymorpholine shell structure were prepared via in situ polymerization, which showed enhanced stability, prolonged plasma circulation, attenuated antigenicity and reduced accumulation in non-targeted tissues. In vivo administration of nBChE pre- or post-organophosphorus exposure in a BALB/C mouse model resulted in potent prophylactic and therapeutic efficiency. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic delivery of non-human BChE to tackle AOPP. In addition, this work also opens up a new avenue for real applications in both research and clinical settings to cope with acute intoxication-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwei Yu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Zuchen Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China. and Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yiyang Bo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China. and Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China. and Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiongkui He
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China. and Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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