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Ayurini M, Haridas D, Mendoza DJ, Garnier G, Hooper JF. RAFT Polymerisation by the Radical Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317071. [PMID: 37990056 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The controlled grafting of polymers from small- and macro-molecular substrates is an essential process for many advanced polymer applications. This usually requires the pre-functionalisation of substrates with an appropriate functional group, such as a RAFT agent or ATRP initiator, which requires additional synthetic steps. In this paper, we describe the direct grafting of RAFT polymers from carboxylate containing small molecules and polymers via photochemical radical decarboxylation. This method utilises the innate functional groups present in the substrates, and achieves efficient polymer initiation in a single step with excellent control of molecular weight and dispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meri Ayurini
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Darsan Haridas
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - David Joram Mendoza
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Gil Garnier
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Joel F Hooper
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Raghuwanshi VS, Joram Mendoza D, Browne C, Ayurini M, Gervinskas G, Hooper JF, Mata J, Wu CM, Simon GP, Garnier G. Effect of temperature on the conformation and functionality of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-grafted nanocellulose hydrogels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:1609-1619. [PMID: 37666193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) [PNIPAM]-grafted cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are new thermo-responsive hydrogels which can be used for a wide range of applications. Currently, there is no clear understanding of the precise mechanism by which CNFs and PNIPAM interact together. Here, we hypothesize that the physical crosslinking of grafted PNIPAM on CNF inhibits the free movement of individual CNF, which increases the gel strength while sustaining its thermo-responsive properties. EXPERIMENTS The thermo-responsive behaviour of PNIPAM-grafted CNFs (PNIPAM-g-CNFs), synthesized via silver-catalyzed decarboxylative radical polymerization, and PNIPAM-blended CNFs (PNIPAM-b-CNFs) was studied. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) combined with Ultra-SANS (USANS) revealed the nano to microscale conformation changes of these polymer hybrids as a function of temperature. The effect of temperature on the optical and viscoelastic properties of hydrogels was also investigated. FINDINGS Grafting PNIPAM from CNFs shifted the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) from 32 °C to 36 °C. Below LCST, the PNIPAM chains in PNIPAM-g-CNF sustain an open conformation and poor interaction with CNF, and exhibit water-like behaviour. At and above LCST, the PNIPAM chains change conformation to entangle and aggregate nearby CNFs. Large voids are formed in solution between the aggregated PNIPAM-CNF walls. In comparison, PNIPAM-b-CNF sustains liquid-like behaviour below LCST. At and above LCST, the blended PNIPAM phase separates from CNF to form large aggregates which do not affect CNF network and thus PNIPAM-b-CNF demonstrates low viscosity. Understanding of temperature-dependent conformation of PNIPAM-g-CNFs engineer thermo-responsive hydrogels for biomedical and functional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Singh Raghuwanshi
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - David Joram Mendoza
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Christine Browne
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Meri Ayurini
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gediminas Gervinskas
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Joel F Hooper
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jitendra Mata
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering (ACNS), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Chun-Ming Wu
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering (ACNS), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - George P Simon
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gil Garnier
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Wang M, Fa S, Zhang G, Yu J, Zhang Q. Sequentially Controlled Recognition of Different Proteins Using Programmable Protein Imprinted Nanospheres. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304957. [PMID: 37518853 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Although protein imprinted materials with multiple templates are developed to selectively separate different proteins, it is difficult to achieve the programmed adsorption and separation of different proteins using one material, because the available protein imprinted materials are constructed through irreversible crosslinking and their structures are unprogrammable and non-reconstructive. Herein, a novel nanosphere (MS@PTL-g-PNIPAM) is designed, which not only is temperature and pH responsive but also can dynamically reversibly crosslink/de-crosslink under ultraviolet light of different wavelengths. With the help of the dynamically reversible photo-crosslinking, the nanospheres can be repeatedly programmed into protein imprinted nanospheres toward different target proteins. Moreover, the prepared imprinted nanospheres can easily achieve the controlled rebinding and release of target proteins, benefiting from the introduced temperature- and pH-responsive moieties. As a consequence, this study realizes the specific separation of different target proteins from protein mixture and the real bovine blood sequentially by programming one material. It is resource saving, time saving, recyclable, and it will provide convenience for protein imprinted materials to use in the blood purification, drug delivery, and virus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Shixin Fa
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Guoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jiate Yu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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Madani M, Borandeh S, Teotia AK, Seppälä JV. Direct and Indirect Cationization of Cellulose Nanocrystals: Structure-Properties Relationship and Virus Capture Activity. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4397-4407. [PMID: 36464847 PMCID: PMC10565721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Due to increasing public concern over hygiene, there have been many studies investigating antimicrobial and antiviral agents recently. With the aim of developing biobased virucidal/virus capture agents, we report a chemical modification of the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface with poly(2-dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate) methyl chloride quaternary salt (Q-PDMAEA) to introduce the positively charged functional groups. The surface of CNCs was modified through direct and indirect graft polymerization. Subsequently, the direct and indirect cationization effect on the degree of functionalization, thermal stability, crystallinity, and antiviral activity of CNCs was investigated. Indirect cationization produced the highest degree of polymer grafting, increasing particle size and thermal stability. Further, the modified CNCs were tested for their ability to capture nonenveloped bacteriophages PhiX174 (ΦX174) and MS2. We observed a significant (>4.19 log10) reduction in total viral load by specific functionalized CNCs. However, the activity depended on the structure of functional groups, surface charge density, and the type of virus under study. Overall, the direct and indirect cationization of CNC leads to biobased agents with immobilized cationic charge, with good virus capture activity. Such agents can be used for various applications including textiles, packaging, wastewater treatment, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Madani
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Sedigheh Borandeh
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Arun Kumar Teotia
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Jukka V. Seppälä
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, Espoo, 02150, Finland
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Yu CH, Betrehem UM, Ali N, Khan A, Ali F, Nawaz S, Sajid M, Yang Y, Chen T, Bilal M. Design strategies, surface functionalization, and environmental remediation potentialities of polymer-functionalized nanocomposites. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135656. [PMID: 35820475 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have a tunable shape, size, surface morphology, and unique physical properties like catalytic, magnetic, electronic, and optical capabilities. Unlike inorganic nanomaterials, organic polymers exhibit excellent stability, biocompatibility, and processability with a tailored response to external stimuli, including pH, heat, light, and degradation properties. Nano-sized assemblies derived from inorganic and polymeric NPs are combined in a functionalized composite form to import high strength and synergistically promising features not reflected in their part as a single constituent. These new properties of polymer/inorganic functionalized materials have led to emerging applications in a variety of fields, such as environmental remediation, drug delivery, and imaging. This review spotlights recent advances in the design and construction of polymer/inorganic functionalized materials with improved attributes compared to single inorganic and polymeric materials for environmental sustainability. Following an introduction, a comprehensive review of the design and potential applications of polymer/inorganic materials for removing organic pollutants and heavy metals from wastewater is presented. We have offered valuable suggestions for piloting, and scaling-up polymer functionalized nanomaterials using simple concepts. This review is wrapped up with a discussion of perspectives on future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - Uwase Marie Betrehem
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Nisar Ali
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - Adnan Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, KPK, Mansehra, 21300, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
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