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de La Bourdonnaye G, Ghazalova T, Fojtik P, Kutalkova K, Bednar D, Damborsky J, Rotrekl V, Stepankova V, Chaloupkova R. Computer-aided engineering of stabilized fibroblast growth factor 21. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:942-951. [PMID: 38379823 PMCID: PMC10877085 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
FGF21 is an endocrine signaling protein belonging to the family of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). It has emerged as a molecule of interest for treating various metabolic diseases due to its role in regulating glucogenesis and ketogenesis in the liver. However, FGF21 is prone to heat, proteolytic, and acid-mediated degradation, and its low molecular weight makes it susceptible to kidney clearance, significantly reducing its therapeutic potential. Protein engineering studies addressing these challenges have generally shown that increasing the thermostability of FGF21 led to improved pharmacokinetics. Here, we describe the computer-aided design and experimental characterization of FGF21 variants with enhanced melting temperature up to 15 °C, uncompromised efficacy at activation of MAPK/ERK signaling in Hep G2 cell culture, and ability to stimulate proliferation of Hep G2 and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts cells comparable with FGF21-WT. We propose that stabilizing the FGF21 molecule by rational design should be combined with other reported stabilization strategies to maximize the pharmaceutical potential of FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabin de La Bourdonnaye
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Enantis Ltd., Biotechnology Incubator INBIT, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Ghazalova
- Enantis Ltd., Biotechnology Incubator INBIT, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Fojtik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - David Bednar
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Rotrekl
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Radka Chaloupkova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Enantis Ltd., Biotechnology Incubator INBIT, Brno, Czech Republic
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2
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Marchena MH, Lambert E, Bogdanović B, Quadir F, Neri-Cruz CE, Luo J, Nadal C, Migliorini E, Gautrot JE. BMP-Binding Polysulfonate Brushes to Control Growth Factor Presentation and Regulate Matrix Remodelling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39072446 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are important targets to incorporate in biomaterial scaffolds to orchestrate tissue repair. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparin allow the capture of BMPs and their retention at the surface of biomaterials at safe concentrations. Although heparin has strong affinities for BMP2 and BMP4, two important types of growth factors regulating bone and tissue repair, it remains difficult to embed stably at the surface of a broad range of biomaterials and degrades rapidly in vitro and in vivo. In this report, biomimetic poly(sulfopropyl methacrylate) (PSPMA) brushes are proposed as sulfated GAG mimetic interfaces for the stable capture of BMPs. The growth of PSPMA brushes via a surface-initiated activator regenerated by electron transfer polymerization is investigated via ellipsometry, prior to characterization of swelling and surface chemistry via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared. The capacity of PSPMA brushes to bind BMP2 and BMP4 is then characterized via surface plasmon resonance. BMP2 is found to anchor particularly stably and at high density at the surface of PSPMA brushes, and a strong impact of the brush architecture on binding capacity is observed. These results are further confirmed using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, providing some insights into the mode of adsorption of BMPs at the surface of PSPMA brushes. Primary adsorption of BMP2, with relatively little infiltration, is observed on thick dense brushes, implying that this growth factor should be accessible for further binding of corresponding cell membrane receptors. Finally, to demonstrate the impact of PSPMA brushes for BMP2 capture, dermal fibroblasts were then cultured at the surface of functionalized PSPMA brushes. The presence of BMP2 and the architecture of the brush are found to have a significant impact on matrix deposition at the corresponding interfaces. Therefore, PSPMA brushes emerge as attractive coatings for scaffold engineering and stable capture of BMP2 for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metzli Hernandez Marchena
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Elisa Lambert
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, U1292 Biosanté, EMR 5000, 17 Av des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Bojana Bogdanović
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, U1292 Biosanté, EMR 5000, 17 Av des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Fauzia Quadir
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Carlos E Neri-Cruz
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Jiajun Luo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Clemence Nadal
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Elisa Migliorini
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, U1292 Biosanté, EMR 5000, 17 Av des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Julien E Gautrot
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
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3
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Song J, Shao L, Yu H, Meng C, Li G. Self-Assembly of Sulfate-Containing Peptides Sequesters VEGF for Inhibiting Cancer Cell Invasion. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3087-3097. [PMID: 38584438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) play a crucial role in regulating cancer growth and migration by mediating interactions with growth factors. In this study, we developed a self-assembling peptide (S1) containing a sulfate group to simulate the contiguous sulfated regions (S-domains) in heparan sulfate for growth factor binding, aiming to sequester growth factors like VEGF. Spectral and structural studies as well as simulation studies suggested that S1 self-assembled into nanostructures similar to the heparan sulfate chains and effectively bound to VEGF. On cancer cell surfaces, S1 self-assemblies sequestered VEGF, leading to a reduction in VEGF levels in the medium, consequently inhibiting cancer cell growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. This study highlights the potential of self-assembling peptides to emulate extracellular matrix functions, offering insights for future cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Song
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Hongwen Yu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
| | - Caiting Meng
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
| | - Guanying Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P. R. China
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4
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Sun Q, Yang Z, Qi X. Design and Application of Hybrid Polymer-Protein Systems in Cancer Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092219. [PMID: 37177365 PMCID: PMC10181109 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-protein systems have excellent characteristics, such as non-toxic, non-irritating, good water solubility and biocompatibility, which makes them very appealing as cancer therapeutics agents. Inspiringly, they can achieve sustained release and targeted delivery of drugs, greatly improving the effect of cancer therapy and reducing side effects. However, many challenges, such as reducing the toxicity of materials, protecting the activities of proteins and controlling the release of proteins, still need to be overcome. In this review, the design of hybrid polymer-protein systems, including the selection of polymers and the bonding forms of polymer-protein systems, is presented. Meanwhile, vital considerations, including reaction conditions and the release of proteins in the design process, are addressed. Then, hybrid polymer-protein systems developed in the past decades for cancer therapy, including targeted therapy, gene therapy, phototherapy, immunotherapy and vaccine therapy, are summarized. Furthermore, challenges for the hybrid polymer-protein systems in cancer therapy are exemplified, and the perspectives of the field are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 100069, China
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xianrong Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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5
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Zhang J, Liang L, Yang W, Ramadan S, Baryal K, Huo C, Bernard JJ, Liu J, Hsieh‐Wilson L, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Huang X. Expedient Synthesis of a Library of Heparan Sulfate-Like "Head-to-Tail" Linked Multimers for Structure and Activity Relationship Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209730. [PMID: 36199167 PMCID: PMC9675719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) plays important roles in many biological processes. The inherent complexity of naturally existing HS has severely hindered the thorough understanding of their structure-activity relationship. To facilitate biological studies, a new strategy has been developed to synthesize a HS-like pseudo-hexasaccharide library, where HS disaccharides were linked in a "head-to-tail" fashion from the reducing end of a disaccharide module to the non-reducing end of a neighboring module. Combinatorial syntheses of 27 HS-like pseudo-hexasaccharides were achieved. This new class of compounds bound with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) with similar structure-activity trends as HS oligosaccharides bearing native glycosyl linkages. The ease of synthesis and the ability to mirror natural HS activity trends suggest that the new head-to-tail linked pseudo-oligosaccharides could be an exciting tool to facilitate the understanding of HS biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Zhang
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyCenter for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA
| | - Weizhun Yang
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA,Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceBenha UniversityBenhaQaliobiya13518Egypt
| | - Kedar Baryal
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA
| | - Chang‐Xin Huo
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA
| | - Jamie J. Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryEshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27599USA
| | - Linda Hsieh‐Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyCenter for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyCenter for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA,Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA
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6
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Hoffmann M, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Polymers Inspired by Heparin and Heparan Sulfate for Viral Targeting. Macromolecules 2022; 55:7957-7973. [PMID: 36186574 PMCID: PMC9520969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hoffmann
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole L. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, United States
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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7
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T G D, Chen CH, Kuo CY, Shalumon KT, Chien YM, Kao HH, Chen JP. Development of high resilience spiral wound suture-embedded gelatin/PCL/heparin nanofiber membrane scaffolds for tendon tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:314-333. [PMID: 36075304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study develops a spiral wound scaffold based on gelatin/PCL/heparin (GPH) nanofiber membranes for tendon tissue engineering. By embedding sutures in dual layers of aligned GPH nanofiber membranes, prepared from mixed electrospinning of gelatin and PCL/heparin solutions, we fabricate a high resilience scaffold intended for the high loading environment experienced by tendons. The basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was anchored to GPH scaffold through bioaffinity between heparin and bFGF, aim to provide biological cues for maintenance of tenogenic phenotype. In addition, the aligned nanofiber morphology is expected to provide physical cues toward seeded tenocytes. With sustained release of bFGF, GPH-bFGF can enhance proliferation, up-regulate tenogenic gene expression, and increase synthesis of tendon-specific proteins by tenocytes in vitro. Furthermore, by properly maintaining tendon phenotypes, GPH-bFGF/tenocytes constructs showed improved mechanical properties over GPH-bFGF. From in vivo study using GPH-bFGF/tenocytes constructs to repair rabbit Achilles tendon defects, neotendon tissue formation was confirmed from histological staining and biomechanical analysis. These findings collectively demonstrate that the newly designed GPH-bFGF scaffold could provide a niche for inducing tendon tissue regeneration by effectively restoring the tendon tissue structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan T G
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Kuo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - K T Shalumon
- Department of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College, MG University, Kochi 682013, India
| | - Yen-Miao Chien
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsi Kao
- Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Tai-Shan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
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8
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Transdermal delivery of bFGF with sonophoresis facilitated by chitosan nanocarriers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Hoffmann M, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Glycosaminoglycan Mimetic Precision Glycomacromolecules with Sequence-Defined Sulfation and Rigidity Patterns. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4004-4014. [PMID: 35959886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) such as heparan sulfate (HS) are structurally diverse linear polysaccharides that are involved in many biological processes and have gained interest as antiviral compounds. Their recognition is driven by a complex orchestra of structural parameters that are still under intense investigation. One distinct characteristic is the incorporation of sulfation patterns including highly sulfated and non-sulfated sequences that provide variations in flexibility and conformation, which in turn impact the biological function of sGAGs. However, these distinct features have not yet been fully realized in the synthetic preparation of sGAG mimetics. Here, we present the synthesis of three groups of sulfated glycomacromolecules as sGAG mimetics: (i) globally sulfated glycooligomers, (ii) glycooligomers with sequence-defined sulfation patterns, and (iii) a globally sulfated glycooligomer-oligo-L-proline hybrid structure. The complete synthesis, including chemical sulfation, was conducted on solid support, enabled by the introduction of a commercially available photocleavable linker allowing for the preservation of sensitive sulfates during cleavage of the products. Structures were obtained in good purity and with high degrees of sulfation demonstrating the wide applicability of this methodology to prepare tailor-made sulfated glycomacromolecules and similar sGAG mimetics. Structures were tested for their anticoagulant properties showing activity similar to their natural HS counterpart and significantly lower than HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hoffmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole L Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, United States
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Krzyscik MA, Opaliński Ł, Szymczyk J, Otlewski J. Cyclic and dimeric fibroblast growth factor 2 variants with high biomedical potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:243-258. [PMID: 35878661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a pleiotropic protein engaged in the regulation of key cellular processes in a wide spectrum of cells. FGF2 is an important object of basic research as well as a molecule used in regenerative medicine, in vitro cell culture maintenance, and as an anticancer drug carrier. However, the unsatisfactory stability and pleiotropic activities of the wild-type FGF2 largely limit its use as a medical product. To overcome these limitations, we have designed a set of FGF2-based macromolecules via sortase A-mediated cyclization and oligomerization. We obtained heparin-switchable FGF2 variants with enhanced stability and improved ability to stimulate cell proliferation and migration. We have shown that stimulation of glucose uptake by adipocytes is modulated by the architecture of FGF2 oligomers. Moreover, we used hyper-stable FGF2 variants for the construction of highly effective drug carriers for selective killing of FGFR1-overproducing cancer cells. The strategy for FGF2 engineering presented in this work provides novel insights into the design of growth factor variants for regenerative and anti-cancer precise medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz A Krzyscik
- University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Szymczyk
- University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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11
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Yasunaga M, Kobayashi F, Sogo Y, Murotomi K, Hirose M, Hara Y, Yamazaki M, Ito A. The enhancing effects of heparin on the biological activity of FGF-2 in heparin-FGF-2-calcium phosphate composite layers. Acta Biomater 2022; 148:345-354. [PMID: 35697197 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Orthopedic and dental implants coated with fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2)-calcium phosphate composite layers promote dermis formation, bone formation, and angiogenesis because of the biological activity of FGF-2. Enhancing the biological activity of FGF-2 in the composite layers is important for its wider application in orthopedics and dentistry. This study incorporated low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) into the FGF-2-calcium phosphate composite layers and clarified the enhancing effects of LMWH on the biological activity of FGF-2 in the composite layers in vitro. LMWH-FGF-2-calcium phosphate composite layers were successfully formed on zirconia in supersaturated calcium phosphate solutions. The composite layers comprised continuous and macroscopically homogeneous layers and particles smaller than 500 nm in size composed of amorphous calcium phosphate. The amounts of Ca and P deposited on zirconia remained almost unchanged with the addition of LMWH under the presence of FGF-2 in the supersaturated calcium phosphate solution. The LMWH in the supersaturated calcium phosphate solution increased the stability of FGF-2 in the solution and the amount of FGF-2 in the composite layers. The LMWH in the composite layers increased the mitogenic and endothelial tube-forming activities of FGF-2, and FGF-2 activity of inducing osteogenic differentiation gene expression pattern in the composite layers. Our results indicate that the enhanced biological activity of FGF-2 in the LMWH-FGF-2-calcium phosphate composite layers is attributed to an LMWH-mediated increase in the amount of FGF-2, which maintains its biological activity in the supersaturated calcium phosphate solution and the composite layers. The LMWH-FGF-2-calcium phosphate composite layer is a promising coating for orthopedic and dental implants. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Orthopedic and dental implants coated with fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2)-calcium phosphate composite layers promote dermis formation, bone formation, and angiogenesis because of the biological activity of FGF-2. Enhancing the biological activity of FGF-2 in the layers is important for wider its application in orthopedics and dentistry. This study demonstrates the enhancing effects of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) contained within LMWH-FGF-2-calcium phosphate composite layers on the biological activity of FGF-2 in vitro. Our results indicate that the enhanced biological activity of FGF-2 within the composite layers arises from an LMWH-mediated increase in the amount of FGF-2, which maintains its biological activity in the LMWH-FGF-2-calcium phosphate composite layers and supersaturated calcium phosphate solutions used for coating the composite layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Yasunaga
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Fumiko Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yu Sogo
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Murotomi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Motohiro Hirose
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yuki Hara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Atsuo Ito
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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12
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Varghese M, Haque F, Lu W, Grinstaff MW. Synthesis and Characterization of Regioselectively Functionalized Mono-Sulfated and -Phosphorylated Anionic Poly-Amido-Saccharides. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2075-2088. [PMID: 35420791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are abundant in nature and employed in various biomedical applications ranging from scaffolds for tissue engineering to carriers for drug delivery systems. However, drawbacks such as tedious isolation protocols, contamination, batch-to-batch consistency, and lack of compositional control with regards to stereo- and regioselectivity impede the development and utility of polysaccharides, and thus mimetics are highly sought after. We report a synthetic strategy to regioselectively functionalize poly-amido-saccharides with sulfate or phosphate groups using post-polymerization modification reactions. Orthogonally protected β-lactam monomers, synthesized from D-glucal, undergo anionic ring-opening polymerization to yield polymers with degrees of polymerization of 12, 25, and 50. Regioselective deprotection followed by functionalization and global deprotection affords the sulfated and phosphorylated poly-amido-saccharides. The resulting anionic polymers are water soluble and non-cytotoxic and adopt helical conformations. This new methodology provides access to otherwise inaccessible functional polysaccharide mimetics for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Varghese
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Farihah Haque
- Tosoh Bioscience LLC, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-4705, United States
| | - Wei Lu
- Tosoh Bioscience LLC, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-4705, United States
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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13
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are cell-signaling proteins with diverse functions in cell development, repair, and metabolism. The human FGF family consists of 22 structurally related members, which can be classified into three separate groups based on their action of mechanisms, namely: intracrine, paracrine/autocrine, and endocrine FGF subfamilies. FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23 belong to the hormone-like/endocrine FGF subfamily. These endocrine FGFs are mainly associated with the regulation of cell metabolic activities such as homeostasis of lipids, glucose, energy, bile acids, and minerals (phosphate/active vitamin D). Endocrine FGFs function through a unique protein family called klotho. Two members of this family, α-klotho, or β-klotho, act as main cofactors which can scaffold to tether FGF19/21/23 to their receptor(s) (FGFRs) to form an active complex. There are ongoing studies pertaining to the structure and mechanism of these individual ternary complexes. These studies aim to provide potential insights into the physiological and pathophysiological roles and therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the history, structure–function relationship(s), downstream signaling, physiological roles, and future perspectives on endocrine FGFs.
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14
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Gresham RC, Bahney CS, Leach JK. Growth factor delivery using extracellular matrix-mimicking substrates for musculoskeletal tissue engineering and repair. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1945-1956. [PMID: 33426369 PMCID: PMC7773685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration commonly employ growth factors (GFs) to influence neighboring cells and promote migration, proliferation, or differentiation. Despite promising results in preclinical models, the use of inductive biomacromolecules has achieved limited success in translation to the clinic. The field has yet to sufficiently overcome substantial hurdles such as poor spatiotemporal control and supraphysiological dosages, which commonly result in detrimental side effects. Physiological presentation and retention of biomacromolecules is regulated by the extracellular matrix (ECM), which acts as a reservoir for GFs via electrostatic interactions. Advances in the manipulation of extracellular proteins, decellularized tissues, and synthetic ECM-mimetic applications across a range of biomaterials have increased the ability to direct the presentation of GFs. Successful application of biomaterial technologies utilizing ECM mimetics increases tissue regeneration without the reliance on supraphysiological doses of inductive biomacromolecules. This review describes recent strategies to manage GF presentation using ECM-mimetic substrates for the regeneration of bone, cartilage, and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chelsea S. Bahney
- Steadman Phillippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
- UCSF Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J. Kent Leach
- UC Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Davis, CA, USA
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15
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Kim S, Fan J, Lee CS, Chen C, Lee M. Sulfonate Hydrogel-siRNA Conjugate Facilitates Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Controlled Gene Silencing and Activation of BMP Signaling. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5189-5200. [PMID: 34661086 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been widely used in bone tissue engineering due to their tunable characteristics that allow facile modifications with various biochemical properties to support cell growth and guide proper cell functions. Herein, we report a design of hydrogel-siRNA conjugate that facilitates osteogenesis via gene silencing and activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. A sulfonate hydrogel is prepared by modifying chitosan with sulfoacetic acid to mimic a natural sulfated polysaccharide and to provide a hydrogel surface that enables BMP binding. Then, siRNA targeting noggin, an endogenous extracellular antagonist of BMP signaling, is covalently conjugated to the sulfonate hydrogel by visible blue light crosslinking. The sulfonate hydrogel-siRNA conjugate is efficient to bind BMPs and also successfully prolongs the release of siRNA for sustained noggin suppression, thereby resulting in significantly increased osteogenic differentiation. Lastly, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is incorporated into the sulfonate hydrogel-siRNA conjugate, wherein the DBM incorporation induces noggin expression via a negative feedback mechanism that regulates BMP signaling in DBM. However, simultaneous delivery of siRNA downregulates noggin thus facilitating endogenous BMP activity and enhancing the osteogenic efficacy of DBM. These findings support a promising hydrogel RNA silencing platform for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyon Kim
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jiabing Fan
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Chung-Sung Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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16
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Alfieri ML, Panzella L, Duarte B, Gonçalves-Monteiro S, Marques F, Morato M, Correia-da-Silva M, Verotta L, Napolitano A. Sulfated Oligomers of Tyrosol: Toward a New Class of Bioinspired Nonsaccharidic Anticoagulants. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:399-409. [PMID: 33432805 PMCID: PMC8023584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated phenolic polymers have extensively been investigated as anticoagulant agents in view of their higher bioavailability and resistance to degradation compared to heparins, allowing for increased half-lives. In this frame, we report herein the preparation of sulfated derivatives of tyrosol, one of the most representative phenolic constituents of extra virgin olive oil, by different approaches. Mild sulfation of OligoTyr, a mixture of tyrosol oligomers, that has been reported to possess antioxidant properties and osteogenic activity, afforded OligoTyrS I in good yields. Elemental analysis, NMR, and MALDI-MS investigation provided evidence for an almost complete sulfation at the OH on the phenylethyl chain, leaving the phenolic OH free. Peroxidase/H2O2 oxidation of tyrosol sulfated at the alcoholic group (TyrS) also provided sulfated tyrosol oligomers (OligoTyrS II) that showed on structural analysis highly varied structural features arising likely from the addition of oxygen, derived from water or hydrogen peroxide, to the intermediate quinone methides and substantial involvement of the phenolic OH group in the oligomerization. In line with these characteristics, OligoTyrS I proved to be more active than OligoTyrS II as antioxidant in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays and as anticoagulant in the classical clotting times, mainly in prolonging the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). After intraperitoneal administration in mice, OligoTyrS I was also able to significantly decrease the weight of an induced thrombus. Data from chromogenic coagulation assays showed that the anticoagulant effect of OligoTyrS I was not dependent on antithrombin or factor Xa and thrombin direct inhibition. These results clearly highlight how some structural facets of even closely related phenol polymers may be critical in dictating the anticoagulant activity, providing the key for the rationale design of active synthetic nonsaccharidic anticoagulant agents alternative to heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Alfieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Bárbara Duarte
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE and Clinical Analysis Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Salomé Gonçalves-Monteiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE and Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Franklim Marques
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE and Clinical Analysis Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Morato
- LAQV/REQUIMTE and Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Correia-da-Silva
- CIIMAR and Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luisella Verotta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
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17
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Actomyosin and the MRTF-SRF pathway downregulate FGFR1 in mesenchymal stromal cells. Commun Biol 2020; 3:576. [PMID: 33067523 PMCID: PMC7567845 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both biological and mechanical signals are known to influence cell proliferation. However, biological signals are mostly studied in two-dimensions (2D) and the interplay between these different pathways is largely unstudied. Here, we investigated the influence of the cell culture environment on the response to bFGF, a widely studied and important proliferation growth factor. We observed that human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), but not fibroblasts, lose the ability to respond to soluble or covalently bound bFGF when cultured on microfibrillar substrates. This behavior correlated with a downregulation of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression of hMSCs on microfibrillar substrates. Inhibition of actomyosin or the MRTF/SRF pathway decreased FGFR1 expression in hMSCs, fibroblasts and MG63 cells. To our knowledge, this is the first time FGFR1 expression is shown to be regulated through a mechanosensitive pathway in hMSCs. These results add to the sparse literature on FGFR1 regulation and potentially aid designing tissue engineering constructs that better control cell proliferation.
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18
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Nahain AA, Ignjatovic V, Monagle P, Tsanaktsidis J, Vamvounis G, Ferro V. Sulfonated RAFT Copolymers as Heparin Mimetics: Synthesis, Reactivity Ratios, and Anticoagulant Activity. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000110. [PMID: 32627962 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan heparin is a clinically important anticoagulant drug, primarily used to reduce the risk of blood clots (thrombosis) during surgery. Despite its importance in medicine and its continuous use over many decades, heparin suffers from several limitations associated with its heterogeneity and its extraction from animal tissues. In order to address these limitations, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization is utilized to prepare a library of heparin mimetic copolymers from the sulfonated monomers sodium 4-styrene sulfonate, potassium-3-sulfopropyl acrylate, potassium-3-sulfopropyl methacrylate, and sodium-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonate. Copolymers are prepared using combinations of two different monomers in various ratios. Monomer reactivity ratios are also determined for some representative monomer combinations, and all polymers are characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The anticoagulant activities of the copolymers are determined by activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin clotting time assays and structure-activity relationships are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Nahain
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Paul Monagle
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - John Tsanaktsidis
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - George Vamvounis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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19
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Benington L, Rajan G, Locher C, Lim LY. Fibroblast Growth Factor 2-A Review of Stabilisation Approaches for Clinical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E508. [PMID: 32498439 PMCID: PMC7356611 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 has been shown to regulate many cellular functions including cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, as well as angiogenesis in a variety of tissues, including skin, blood vessel, muscle, adipose, tendon/ligament, cartilage, bone, tooth, and nerve. These multiple functions make FGF-2 an attractive component for wound healing and tissue engineering constructs; however, the stability of FGF-2 is widely accepted to be a major concern for the development of useful medicinal products. Many approaches have been reported in the literature for preserving the biological activity of FGF-2 in aqueous solutions. Most of these efforts were directed at sustaining FGF-2 activity for cell culture research, with a smaller number of studies seeking to develop sustained release formulations of FGF-2 for tissue engineering applications. The stabilisation approaches may be classified into the broad classes of ionic interaction modification with excipients, chemical modification, and physical adsorption and encapsulation with carrier materials. This review discusses the underlying causes of FGF-2 instability and provides an overview of the approaches reported in the literature for stabilising FGF-2 that may be relevant for clinical applications. Although efforts have been made to stabilise FGF-2 for both in vitro and in vivo applications with varying degrees of success, the lack of comprehensive published stability data for the final FGF-2 products represents a substantial gap in the current knowledge, which has to be addressed before viable products for wider tissue engineering applications can be developed to meet regulatory authorisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Benington
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia; (L.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Gunesh Rajan
- Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia;
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000 Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Locher
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia; (L.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Lee Yong Lim
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia; (L.B.); (C.L.)
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20
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Liu Y, Han Q, Li T, Hua J, Liu F, Li Q, Deng G. Heparin reduced dialysis through a facile anti-coagulant coating on flat and hollow fiber membranes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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21
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Bray C, Gurnani P, Mansfield EDH, Peltier R, Perrier S. Sulfonated Copolymers as Heparin-Mimicking Stabilizer of Fibroblast Growth Factor: Size, Architecture, and Monomer Distribution Effects. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:285-293. [PMID: 30543415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are involved in a wide range of biological processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. In living organisms, the binding of FGF to its receptors are mediated through electrostatic interactions between FGF and naturally occurring heparin. Despite its prevalent use in medicine, heparin carries notable limitations; namely, its extraction from natural sources (expensive, low yield and extensive purification), viral contamination, and batch-to-batch heterogeneity. In this work a range of synthetic homopolymers and copolymers of sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate were evaluated as potential FGF stabilizers. This was studied by measuring the proliferation of BaF3-FR1c cells, as a model assay, and the results will be compared with the natural stabilization and activation of FGF by heparin. This study explores the structure-activity relationship of these polysulfonated polymers with a focus on the effect of molecular weight, comonomer type, charge dispersion, and polymer architecture on protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bray
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Edward D H Mansfield
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Raoul Peltier
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
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22
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Jiang S, Wu J, Hang Y, Liu Q, Li D, Chen H, Brash JL. Sustained release of a synthetic structurally-tailored glycopolymer modulates endothelial cells for enhanced endothelialization of materials. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00714h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
GAG-mimicking polymers were prepared by a novel method allowing close control of structure and can be used as potent synthetic bioactive modifiers to promote endothelialization of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibing Jiang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Jingxian Wu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Yingjie Hang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Qi Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Dan Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - John L. Brash
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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23
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Abstract
This review describes several general chemical approaches for the preparation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-mimetic polymers based on different backbones and sidechains, and highlights the importance of these synthetic GAG-mimetic polymers in controlling key biofunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Gaojian Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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24
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Gurnani P, Bray CP, Richardson RAE, Peltier R, Perrier S. Heparin-Mimicking Sulfonated Polymer Nanoparticles via RAFT Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1800314. [PMID: 29999558 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heparin plays a significant role in wound healing and tissue regeneration applications, through stabilization of fibroblast growth factors (FGF). Risks associated with batch-to-batch variability and contamination from its biological sources have led to the development of synthetic, highly sulfonated polymers as promising heparin mimics. In this work, a systematic study of an aqueous polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) of styrene from poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sodium sulfonate) (P(AMPS)) macro reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (macro-RAFT) agents produced a variety of spherical heparin-mimicking nanoparticles, which were further characterized with light scattering and electron microscopy techniques. None of the nanoparticles tested showed toxicity against mammalian cells; however, significant hemolytic activity was observed. Nonetheless, the heparin-mimicking nanoparticles outperformed both heparin and linear P(AMPS) in cellular proliferation assays, suggesting increased bFGF stabilization efficiencies, possibly due to the high density of sulfonated moieties at the particle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Gurnani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Caroline P Bray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Robert A E Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Raoul Peltier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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25
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Kim YS, Sung DK, Kong WH, Kim H, Hahn SK. Synergistic effects of hyaluronate - epidermal growth factor conjugate patch on chronic wound healing. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1020-1030. [PMID: 29616250 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00079d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The proteolytic microenvironment in the wound area reduces the stability and the half-life of growth factors in vivo, making difficult the topical delivery of growth factors. Here, epidermal growth factor (EGF) was conjugated to hyaluronate (HA) to improve the long-term stability against enzymatic degradation and the therapeutic effect by enhancing the biological interaction with HA receptors on skin cells. After the synthesis of HA-EGF conjugates, they were incorporated into a patch-type formulation for the facile topical application and sustained release of EGF. According to ELISA, the HA-EGF conjugates showed a long-term stability compared with native EGF. Furthermore, HA-EGF conjugates appeared to interact with skin cells through two types of HA and EGF receptors, resulting in a synergistically improved healing effect. Taken together, we could confirm the feasibility of HA-EGF conjugates for the transdermal treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Seop Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongamro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Hendrikse SIS, Spaans S, Meijer EW, Dankers PYW. Supramolecular Platform Stabilizing Growth Factors. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2610-2617. [PMID: 29677449 PMCID: PMC6041774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High concentrations of supplemented growth factors can cause oversaturation and adverse effects in in vitro and in vivo studies, though these supraphysiological concentrations are often required due to the low stability of growth factors. Here we demonstrate the stabilization of TGF-β1 and BMP4 using supramolecular polymers. Inspired by heparan sulfate, sulfonated peptides were presented on a supramolecular polymer to allow for noncovalent binding to growth factors in solution. After mixing with excipient molecules, both TGF-β1 and BMP4 were shown to have a prolonged half-life compared to the growth factors free in solution. Moreover, high cellular response was measured by a luciferase assay, indicating that TGF-β1 remained highly active upon binding to the supramolecular assembly. The results demonstrate that significant lower concentrations of growth factors can be used when supramolecular polymers bearing growth factor binding moieties are implemented. This approach can also be exploited in hydrogel systems to control growth factor release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone I. S. Hendrikse
- Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Spaans
- Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y. W. Dankers
- Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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27
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Kim S, Cui ZK, Kim PJ, Jung LY, Lee M. Design of hydrogels to stabilize and enhance bone morphogenetic protein activity by heparin mimetics. Acta Biomater 2018; 72:45-54. [PMID: 29597024 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is known to be the most potent stimulator available for bone formation, a major barrier to widespread clinical use is its inherent instability and absence of an adequate delivery system. Heparin is being widely used in controlled release systems due to its strong binding ability and protective effect for many growth factor proteins. In this work, we developed a hydrogel surface that can mimic heparin to stabilize BMP-2 and to enhance osteogenesis by introducing heparin-mimicking sulfonated molecules such as poly-vinylsulfonic acid (PVSA) or poly-4-styrenesulfonic acid (PSS), into photo-crosslinkable hydrogel. Bioactivity of BMP-2 was well preserved in the presence of polysulfonates during exposure to various therapeutically relevant stressors. The heparin-mimicking sulfonated hydrogels were effective to bind BMP-2 compared to unmodified MeGC hydrogel and significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) without the addition of exogenous BMP-2. The sulfonated hydrogels were effective in delivering exogenous BMP-2 with reduced initial burst and increased BMSCs osteogenesis induced by BMP-2. These findings suggest a novel hydrogel platform for sequestering and stabilizing BMP-2 to enhance osteoinductive activity in bone tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Although bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is believed to be the most potent cytokine for bone regeneration, its clinical applications require supraphysiological BMP dosage due to its intrinsic instability and fast enzymatic degradation, leading to worrisome side effects. This study demonstrates a novel hydrogel platform that mimics a natural protector of BMPs, heparin, to sequester and stabilize BMP-2 for increased osteoinductive signaling. This study will achieve the stabilization of BMPs with prolonged bioactivity by a synthetic heparin mimic that has not been examined previously. Moreover, the heparin mimetic hydrogel surface can augment endogenous BMP activity by sequestering and localizing the cell-produced BMPs. The additional knowledge gained from this study may suggest basis for future development of material-based therapeutics for tissue engineering.
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28
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Goor OJGM, Hendrikse SIS, Dankers PYW, Meijer EW. From supramolecular polymers to multi-component biomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:6621-6637. [PMID: 28991958 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00564d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The most striking and general property of the biological fibrous architectures in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is the strong and directional interaction between biologically active protein subunits. These fibers display rich dynamic behavior without losing their architectural integrity. The complexity of the ECM taking care of many essential properties has inspired synthetic chemists to mimic these properties in artificial one-dimensional fibrous structures with the aim to arrive at multi-component biomaterials. Due to the dynamic character required for interaction with natural tissue, supramolecular biomaterials are promising candidates for regenerative medicine. Depending on the application area, and thereby the design criteria of these multi-component fibrous biomaterials, they are used as elastomeric materials or hydrogel systems. Elastomeric materials are designed to have load bearing properties whereas hydrogels are proposed to support in vitro cell culture. Although the chemical structures and systems designed and studied today are rather simple compared to the complexity of the ECM, the first examples of these functional supramolecular biomaterials reaching the clinic have been reported. The basic concept of many of these supramolecular biomaterials is based on their ability to adapt to cell behavior as a result of dynamic non-covalent interactions. In this review, we show the translation of one-dimensional supramolecular polymers into multi-component functional biomaterials for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga J G M Goor
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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29
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Wang H, Li J, Liu F, Li T, Zhong Y, Lin H, He J. Enhanced hemocompatibility of flat and hollow fiber membranes via a heparin free surface crosslinking strategy. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Dvorak P, Bednar D, Vanacek P, Balek L, Eiselleova L, Stepankova V, Sebestova E, Kunova Bosakova M, Konecna Z, Mazurenko S, Kunka A, Vanova T, Zoufalova K, Chaloupkova R, Brezovsky J, Krejci P, Prokop Z, Dvorak P, Damborsky J. Computer-assisted engineering of hyperstable fibroblast growth factor 2. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:850-862. [PMID: 29278409 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) serve numerous regulatory functions in complex organisms, and their corresponding therapeutic potential is of growing interest to academics and industrial researchers alike. However, applications of these proteins are limited due to their low stability. Here we tackle this problem using a generalizable computer-assisted protein engineering strategy to create a unique modified FGF2 with nine mutations displaying unprecedented stability and uncompromised biological function. The data from the characterization of stabilized FGF2 showed a remarkable prediction potential of in silico methods and provided insight into the unfolding mechanism of the protein. The molecule holds a considerable promise for stem cell research and medical or pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Dvorak
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Loschmidt Laboratories, Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Bednar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Loschmidt Laboratories, Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vanacek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Loschmidt Laboratories, Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Balek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Livia Eiselleova
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Stepankova
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Loschmidt Laboratories, Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Enantis Ltd., Biotechnology Incubator INBIT, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sebestova
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Loschmidt Laboratories, Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Zaneta Konecna
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Mazurenko
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Loschmidt Laboratories, Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Kunka
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Loschmidt Laboratories, Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Vanova
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Zoufalova
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Chaloupkova
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Loschmidt Laboratories, Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brezovsky
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Loschmidt Laboratories, Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Prokop
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Loschmidt Laboratories, Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dvorak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Loschmidt Laboratories, Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
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31
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Paluck SJ, Maynard HD. Structure Activity Relationship of Heparin Mimicking Polymer p(SS- co-PEGMA): Effect of Sulfonation and Polymer Size on FGF2-Receptor Binding. Polym Chem 2017; 8:4548-4556. [PMID: 29181096 PMCID: PMC5701782 DOI: 10.1039/c7py00861a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) is a heparin binding protein that plays a role in a range of biological functions such as wound healing and bone regeneration. Heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is required for FGF2 to bind to its receptor. Therefore, polymeric mimics of heparin are widely studied for their ability to manipulate FGF2-induced biological interactions. It is known that altering the degree of sulfonated monomer incorporation and size of heparin-mimicking polymers can affect protein-receptor binding. To elucidate the relationship between degree of sulfonation and receptor binding for the heparin-mimicking polymer, poly(styrene sulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (p(SS-co-PEGMA)) a library was synthesized to contain nine polymers with degrees of sulfonation ranging from 0-100%. Kinetics of the polymerization was evaluated and reactivity ratios compared to literature results. These polymers were then tested for their ability to enhance FGF2 binding with its receptor as both covalent conjugates and as excipients. In a receptor based enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), as well as a cell-based study, the polymer with 81% SS incorporation enhanced receptor binding compared to FGF2 alone, and to a greater extent than the other polymers. Therefore, another library of polymers was prepared maintaining the degree of sulfonation at 81% and changing the size from 41 to 390 monomer repeat units. The polymers were again tested in receptor based ELISA and cell studies, and all of the different sizes performed similarly, except for degree of polymerization 295 and 390, which had reduced response in the cellular assay. These results provide important information for the use of pSS-co-PEGMA as a potential heparin-mimicking therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Paluck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569 United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569 United States
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32
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Li G, Xiao Q, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Yang Y. Nerve growth factor loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds for accelerating peripheral nerve regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 171:39-49. [PMID: 28578969 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Artificial chitosan scaffolds have been widely investigated for peripheral nerve regeneration. However, the effect was not as good as that of autologous grafts and therefore could not meet the clinical requirement. In the present study, the nerve growth factor (NGF) loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds were fabricated via electrostatic interaction for further improving nerve regeneration. The physicochemical properties including morphology, wettability and composition were measured. The heparin immobilization, NGF loading and release were quantitatively and qualitatively characterized, respectively. The effect of NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds on nerve regeneration was evaluated by Schwann cells culture for different periods. The results showed that the heparin immobilization and NGF loading did not cause the change of bulk properties of chitosan scaffolds except for morphology and wettability. The pre-immobilization of heparin in chitosan scaffolds could enhance the stability of subsequently loaded NGF. The NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds could obviously improve the attachment and proliferation of Schwann cells in vitro. More importantly, the NGF loaded heparin/chitosan scaffolds could effectively promote the morphology development of Schwann cells. The study may provide a useful experimental basis to design and develop artificial implants for peripheral nerve regeneration and other tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guicai Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, PR China; The Neural Regeneration Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province, 226001 Nantong, PR China.
| | - Qinzhi Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, PR China
| | - Luzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, PR China; The Neural Regeneration Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province, 226001 Nantong, PR China
| | - Yahong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, PR China; The Neural Regeneration Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province, 226001 Nantong, PR China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, PR China; The Neural Regeneration Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province, 226001 Nantong, PR China.
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33
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Cohen-Karni D, Kovaliov M, Ramelot T, Konkolewicz D, Graner S, Averick S. Grafting challenging monomers from proteins using aqueous ICAR ATRP under bio-relevant conditions. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00669a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous ICAR ATRP was applied to graft well defined acrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide and N-vinylimidazole homo and block copolymers from a model protein initiator (bovine serum albumin (BSA)) under bio-relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devora Cohen-Karni
- Neuroscience Disruptive Research Lab
- Allegheny Health Network Research Institute
- Allegheny General Hospital
- Pitts-burgh
- USA
| | - Marina Kovaliov
- Neuroscience Disruptive Research Lab
- Allegheny Health Network Research Institute
- Allegheny General Hospital
- Pitts-burgh
- USA
| | - Theresa Ramelot
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | | | - Scott Graner
- Department of Pathology
- Allegheny Health Network
- Allegheny General Hospital
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Saadyah Averick
- Neuroscience Disruptive Research Lab
- Allegheny Health Network Research Institute
- Allegheny General Hospital
- Pitts-burgh
- USA
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34
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Paluck S, Nguyen TH, Maynard HD. Heparin-Mimicking Polymers: Synthesis and Biological Applications. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3417-3440. [PMID: 27739666 PMCID: PMC5111123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heparin is a naturally occurring, highly sulfated polysaccharide that plays a critical role in a range of different biological processes. Therapeutically, it is mostly commonly used as an injectable solution as an anticoagulant for a variety of indications, although it has also been employed in other forms such as coatings on various biomedical devices. Due to the diverse functions of this polysaccharide in the body, including anticoagulation, tissue regeneration, anti-inflammation, and protein stabilization, and drawbacks of its use, analogous heparin-mimicking materials are also widely studied for therapeutic applications. This review focuses on one type of these materials, namely, synthetic heparin-mimicking polymers. Utilization of these polymers provides significant benefits compared to heparin, including enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects as a result of fine-tuning heparin-binding motifs and other molecular characteristics. The major types of the various polymers are summarized, as well as their applications. Because development of a broader range of heparin-mimicking materials would further expand the impact of these polymers in the treatment of various diseases, future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha
J. Paluck
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the California NanoSystems Institute, University of California−Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Thi H. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the California NanoSystems Institute, University of California−Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the California NanoSystems Institute, University of California−Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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