1
|
Chang SN, Dey DK, Oh ST, Kong WH, Cho KH, Al-Olayan EM, Hwang BS, Kang SC, Park JG. Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate Induced Toxicity Study and the Role of Tangeretin in Abrogating HIF-1α-NF-κB Crosstalk In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9261. [PMID: 33291656 PMCID: PMC7729754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is a potent tumor promoter and highly inflammatory in nature. Here, we investigated the toxic effects of PMA on different model system. PMA (10 μg) caused chromosomal aberrations on the Allium cepa root tip and induced mitotic dysfunction. Similarly, PMA caused embryonic and larval deformities and a plummeted survivability rate on zebrafish embryo in a dose-dependent manner. Persistently, PMA treatment on immortalized human keratinocyte human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells caused massive inflammatory rush at 4 h and a drop in cell survivability at 24 h. Concomitantly, we replicated a cutaneous inflammation similar to human psoriasis induced by PMA. Herein, we used tangeretin (TAN), as an antagonist to counteract the inflammatory response. Results from an in vivo experiment indicated that TAN (10 and 30 mg/kg) significantly inhibited PMA stimulated epidermal hyperplasia and intra-epidermal neutrophilic abscesses. In addition, its treatment effectively neutralized PMA induced elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation on in vitro and in vivo systems, promoting antioxidant response. The association of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α)-nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated b cells (NF-κB) crosstalk triggered by PMA enhanced PKCα-ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway; its activation was also significantly counteracted after TAN treatment. Conclusively, we demonstrated TAN inhibited the nuclear translocation of HIF-1α and NF-κB p65. Collectively, TAN treatment ameliorated PMA incited malignant inflammatory response by remodeling the cutaneous microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukkum Ngullie Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea; (S.N.C.); (D.K.D.)
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center, Pohang Technopark Foundation, Pohang 37668, Gyeongbuk, Korea; (S.T.O.); (W.H.K.)
| | - Debasish Kumar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea; (S.N.C.); (D.K.D.)
| | - Seong Taek Oh
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center, Pohang Technopark Foundation, Pohang 37668, Gyeongbuk, Korea; (S.T.O.); (W.H.K.)
- Okinawa Research Center Co. Ltd., 13-33, Suzaki, Uruma-si, Okinawa Ken 904-2234, Japan
| | - Won Ho Kong
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center, Pohang Technopark Foundation, Pohang 37668, Gyeongbuk, Korea; (S.T.O.); (W.H.K.)
| | - Kiu Hyung Cho
- Research Group, Gyeongbuk Institute for Bio Industry (GIB), Andong 36728, Korea;
| | - Ebtesam M. Al-Olayan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Buyng Su Hwang
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea;
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea; (S.N.C.); (D.K.D.)
| | - Jae Gyu Park
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center, Pohang Technopark Foundation, Pohang 37668, Gyeongbuk, Korea; (S.T.O.); (W.H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choi H, Choi W, Kim J, Kong WH, Kim KS, Kim C, Hahn SK. Multifunctional Nanodroplets Encapsulating Naphthalocyanine and Perfluorohexane for Bimodal Image-Guided Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3767-3777. [PMID: 31483619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although nanocarriers containing perfluorocarbon (PFC) have been widely investigated as an ultrasound (US) imaging agent and a high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) agent, these carriers have suffered from low stability and biocompatibility limiting their further biomedical applications. Here, we developed surface cross-linked polymer nanodroplets as a HIFU therapeutic agent guided by bimodal photoacoustic (PA) and US imaging. Pluronic F127 was reacted with 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (NPC) and mixed with naphthalocyanine (Nc) in dichloromethane, which was added into the aqueous solution of amine-functionalized six-arm-branched poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to form an oil-in-water emulsion for the cross-linking reaction between the terminal NPC of Pluronic F127 and the primary amine of six-arm PEG. The resulting solution was sonicated with liquid perfluorohexane (PFH) to prepare PEG cross-linked Pluronic F127 nanoparticles encapsulating Nc and PFH (Nc/PFH@PCPN). Nc/PFH@PCPN appeared to be stable without any coalescence or vaporization in the physiological condition. Upon the application of HIFU, Nc/PFH@PCPN was vaporized and showed increased US intensity for 180 min. The Nc dye in the nanodroplets enabled the stable encapsulation of PFH and the bimodal US/PA imaging. In vivo PA/US image-guided HIFU ablation therapy confirmed that the nanodroplets increased the cavitation effect, induced necrosis and apoptosis of tumor cells, and reduced tumor growth significantly for 12 days. Taken together, the multifunctional Nc/PFH@PCPN was successfully developed as a new platform for PA/US image-guided HIFU therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsik Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu , Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37673 , Korea
| | - Wonseok Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu , Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37673 , Korea
| | - Jeesu Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu , Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37673 , Korea
| | - Won Ho Kong
- Pohang Technopark , 394 Jigok-ro, Nam-gu , Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37668 , Korea
| | - Ki Su Kim
- Department of Organic Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Pusan National University , 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Gumjeong-gu , Busan 46241 , Korea.,PHI Biomed Co. , #613, 12 Gangnam-daero 65-gil, Seocho-gu , Seoul 066 12 , Korea
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu , Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37673 , Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu , Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37673 , Korea.,PHI Biomed Co. , #613, 12 Gangnam-daero 65-gil, Seocho-gu , Seoul 066 12 , Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim YS, Sung DK, Kim H, Kong WH, Kim YE, Hahn SK. Nose-to-brain delivery of hyaluronate - FG loop peptide conjugate for non-invasive hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy therapy. J Control Release 2019; 307:76-89. [PMID: 31229472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The intranasal drug administration has attracted great interest as a non-invasive route allowing targeted delivery of drugs directly to the brain. However, one of the main issues in nasal drug administration is mucociliary clearance. Hyaluronate (HA) has been widely used as a mucoadhesive excipient for ocular, rectal, and vaginal delivery. Here, FG loop peptide (FGL) was conjugated to HA for improving enzymatic stability and delivery efficiency from the nose to the brain. The successful conjugation of FGL to aldehyde modified HA was confirmed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The outstanding enzymatic stability of HA-FGL conjugate was also corroborated by the GPC. The HA-FGL conjugate showed enhanced binding affinity onto nasal epithelial cells. In addition, in vivo nose-to-brain delivery of HA-FGL conjugate could be visualized by using an IVIS imaging system and fluorescence microscopy. Finally, in vivo therapeutic effect of HA-FGL conjugate was successfully confirmed by histological analysis, transferase-mediated uridine 5-triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay, immunofluorescent staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and rotarod tests in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy model animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Seop Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyung Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; PHI Biomed Co., 175 Yeoksam-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06247, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ho Kong
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center, Pohang Techno Park 394 Jigok-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37668, Gyeoungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; PHI Biomed Co., 175 Yeoksam-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06247, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim YS, Sung DK, Kong WH, Kim H, Hahn SK. Synergistic effects of hyaluronate - epidermal growth factor conjugate patch on chronic wound healing. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1020-1030. [PMID: 29616250 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00079d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The proteolytic microenvironment in the wound area reduces the stability and the half-life of growth factors in vivo, making difficult the topical delivery of growth factors. Here, epidermal growth factor (EGF) was conjugated to hyaluronate (HA) to improve the long-term stability against enzymatic degradation and the therapeutic effect by enhancing the biological interaction with HA receptors on skin cells. After the synthesis of HA-EGF conjugates, they were incorporated into a patch-type formulation for the facile topical application and sustained release of EGF. According to ELISA, the HA-EGF conjugates showed a long-term stability compared with native EGF. Furthermore, HA-EGF conjugates appeared to interact with skin cells through two types of HA and EGF receptors, resulting in a synergistically improved healing effect. Taken together, we could confirm the feasibility of HA-EGF conjugates for the transdermal treatment of chronic wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Seop Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongamro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim H, Kong WH, Seong KY, Sung DK, Jeong H, Kim JK, Yang SY, Hahn SK. Hyaluronate-Epidermal Growth Factor Conjugate for Skin Wound Healing and Regeneration. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3694-3705. [PMID: 27775884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been recognized as an excellent wound healing agent due to its therapeutic function stimulating skin cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. However, the transdermal delivery of EGF poses a significant challenge due to its short half-life and lack of efficient formulation. Here, to improve the transdermal delivery efficiency, EGF was conjugated to hyaluronate (HA), which was formulated into a patch-type film for skin wound healing. HA-EGF conjugate was synthesized by coupling reaction between aldehyde-modified HA and N-terminal amine group of EGF to minimize the loss of biological activities. The HA-EGF conjugates exhibited similar biological activities with native EGF as confirmed by ELISA and proliferation tests using murine and human fibroblasts. For the efficient topical delivery, HA-EGF conjugates were incorporated into a matrix film of high molecular weight HA. Two-photon microscopy clearly visualized more efficient transdermal delivery of HA-EGF conjugates to both normal skin and peripheral tissues around the wound area rather than that of EGF. Optical imaging and ELISA after in vivo transdermal delivery showed that the conjugation of EGF to HA retarded its degradation and extended its residence time in the wound area. Furthermore, in vivo transdermal delivery of HA-EGF conjugate in the patch-type HA film resulted in significantly improved regeneration of skin tissues even into hypodermis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ho Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Yong Seong
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University , 1268-50, Samnangjin-ro, Samnangjin-eup, Miryang, Gyeongnam 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyung Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University , 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseon Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yun Yang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University , 1268-50, Samnangjin-ro, Samnangjin-eup, Miryang, Gyeongnam 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim YS, Kong WH, Kim H, Hahn SK. Targeted systemic mesenchymal stem cell delivery using hyaluronate - wheat germ agglutinin conjugate. Biomaterials 2016; 106:217-27. [PMID: 27569867 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A variety of receptors for hyaluronate (HA), a natural linear polysaccharide, were found in the body, which have been exploited as target sites for HA-based drug delivery systems. In this work, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were surface-modified with HA - wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) conjugate for targeted systemic delivery of MSCs to the liver. WGA was conjugated to HA by coupling reaction between aldehyde-modified HA and amine group of WGA. The conjugation of WGA to HA was corroborated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and the successful surface modification of MSCs with HA-WGA conjugate was confirmed by confocal microscopy. The synthesized HA-WGA conjugate could be incorporated onto the cellular membrane by agglutinating the cell-associated carbohydrates. Fluorescent imaging for in vivo biodistribution visualized the targeted delivery of the HA-WGA/MSC complex to the liver after intravenous injection. This new strategy for targeted delivery of MSCs using HA-WGA conjugate might be successfully exploited for various regenerative medicines including cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Seop Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Won Ho Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim KS, Kim H, Park Y, Kong WH, Lee SW, Kwok SJJ, Hahn SK, Yun SH. Noninvasive Transdermal Vaccination Using Hyaluronan Nanocarriers and Laser Adjuvant. Adv Funct Mater 2016; 26:2512-2522. [PMID: 27833475 PMCID: PMC5098559 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201504879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are commonly administered by injection using needles. Although transdermal microneedles are less-invasive promising alternatives, needle-free topical vaccination without involving physical damage to the natural skin barrier is still sought after as it can further reduce needle-induced anxiety and simply administration. However, this long-standing goal has been elusive since the intact skin is impermeable to most macromolecules. Here, we show an efficient, non-invasive transdermal vaccination in mice by employing two key innovations: first, the use of hyaluronan (HA) as vaccine carriers and, second, non-ablative laser adjuvants. Conjugates of a model vaccine ovalbumin (OVA) and HA-HA-OVA conjugates-induced more effective maturation of dendritic cells in vitro, compared to OVA or HA alone, through synergistic HA receptor-mediated effects. Following topical administration in the back skin, HA-OVA conjugates penetrated into the epidermis and dermis in murine and porcine skins up to 30% of the total applied quantity, as revealed by intravital microscopy and quantitative fluorescence assay. Topical administration of HA-OVA conjugates significantly elevated both anti-OVA IgG antibody levels in serum and IgA antibody levels in bronchioalveolar lavage, with peak levels at 4 weeks, while OVA alone had a negligible effect. An OVA challenge at week 8 elicited strong immune-recall humoral responses. With pre-treatment of the skin using non-ablative fractional laser beams (1410 nm wavelength, 10 ms pulse duration, 0.2 mJ/pulse) as laser adjuvant, strong immunization was achieved with much reduced doses of HA-OVA (1 mg/kg OVA). Our results demonstrate the potential of the non-invasive patch-type transdermal vaccination platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Su Kim
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne St., UP-5, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom St., Boston, Massachusetts 02140, USA
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Yunji Park
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Won Ho Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Seung Woo Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Korea
- Department of Life Science, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Sheldon J. J. Kwok
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne St., UP-5, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom St., Boston, Massachusetts 02140, USA
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne St., UP-5, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom St., Boston, Massachusetts 02140, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Yun
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne St., UP-5, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom St., Boston, Massachusetts 02140, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kong WH, Sung DK, Kim H, Yang JA, Ieronimakis N, Kim KS, Lee J, Kim DH, Yun SH, Hahn SK. Self-adjuvanted hyaluronate – antigenic peptide conjugate for transdermal treatment of muscular dystrophy. Biomaterials 2016; 81:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
9
|
Beack S, Kong WH, Jung HS, Do IH, Han S, Kim H, Kim KS, Yun SH, Hahn SK. Photodynamic therapy of melanoma skin cancer using carbon dot - chlorin e6 - hyaluronate conjugate. Acta Biomater 2015; 26:295-305. [PMID: 26297888 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite wide application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of melanoma skin cancers, there are strong biomedical unmet needs for the effective generation of singlet oxygen after targeted delivery of photosensitizers. Here, we investigated a facile PDT of melanoma skin cancer using transdermal carbon dot - chlorine e6 - hyaluronate (Cdot-Ce6-HA) conjugates. The Cdot-Ce6-HA conjugate was synthesized by the coupling reaction of diaminohexane modified HA (DAH-HA) with the carboxylic group of Ce6. The singlet oxygen generation of Cdot-Ce6-HA conjugates in aqueous solution was more significant than that of free Ce6. The enhanced transdermal and intracellular delivery of Cdot-Ce6-HA conjugates to B16F10 melanoma cells in tumor model mice were corroborated by confocal microscopy and two-photon microscopy. The laser irradiation after topical treatment with Cdot-Ce6-HA conjugates resulted in complete suppression of melanoma skin cancers. The antitumor effect was confirmed by histological analysis with H&E staining and TUNEL assay for tumor apoptosis. Taken together, we could confirm the feasibility of Cdot-Ce6-HA conjugate for transdermal PDT of melanoma skin cancers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first report on a facile transdermal photodynamic therapy (PDT) of melanoma skin cancer using carbon dot - chlorine e6 - hyaluronate (Cdot-Ce6-HA) conjugates. We found that the singlet oxygen generation of Cdot-Ce6-HA conjugates in aqueous solution was more significant than that of free Ce6. Confocal microscopy and two-photon microscopy clearly confirmed the enhanced transdermal and intracellular delivery of Cdot-Ce6-HA conjugates to B16F10 melanoma cells in tumor model mice. Taken together, we could confirm the feasibility of Cdot-Ce6-HA conjugate for transdermal PDT of melanoma skin cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songeun Beack
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ho Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sang Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hwan Do
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulgi Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Su Kim
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Seok Hyun Yun
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang JA, Kong WH, Sung DK, Kim H, Kim TH, Lee KC, Hahn SK. Hyaluronic acid-tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand conjugate for targeted treatment of liver fibrosis. Acta Biomater 2015; 12:174-182. [PMID: 25305513 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease caused by viral infection and/or metabolic, genetic and cholestatic disorders. The inhibition of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and the selective apoptosis of activated HSCs can be a good strategy to treat liver fibrosis. The activated HSCs are known to be more susceptible to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced apoptosis than normal HSCs because death receptor 5 is overexpressed on the cell surface. In this work, a target-specific and long-acting hyaluronic acid (HA)-TRAIL conjugate was successfully developed for the treatment of liver fibrosis. The HA-TRAIL conjugate was synthesized by a coupling reaction between aldehyde-modified HA and the N-terminal amine group of TRAIL. The biological activity of the HA-TRAIL conjugate was confirmed by an in vitro anti-proliferation assay and caspase-3 expression in human colon cancer HCT116 cells. In vivo real-time bioimaging exhibited the target-specific delivery of near-infrared fluorescence dye-labeled HA-TRAIL conjugate to the liver in mice. According to pharmacokinetic analysis, the HA-TRAIL conjugate was detected for more than 4days after single intravenous injection into Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Finally, we could confirm the antifibrotic effect of HA-TRAIL conjugate in an N-nitrosodimethylamine-induced liver fibrosis model SD rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-A Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ho Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyung Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, SungKyunKwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, SungKyunKwan University, 300 Chonchon-dong, Jangan-ku, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Choon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, SungKyunKwan University, 300 Chonchon-dong, Jangan-ku, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
DJung HS, Kong WH, Sung DK, Lee MY, Beack SE, Keum DH, Kim KS, Yun SH, Hahn SK. Nanographene oxide-hyaluronic acid conjugate for photothermal ablation therapy of skin cancer. ACS Nano 2014; 8:260-268. [PMID: 24383990 DOI: 10.1021/nn405383a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma skin cancer is one of the most dangerous skin cancers and the main cause of skin-cancer-related mortality. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been used as an effective transdermal delivery carrier of chemical drugs and biopharmaceuticals. In this work, a nanographene oxide-HA conjugate (NGO-HA) was synthesized for photothermal ablation therapy of melanoma skin cancer using a near-infrared (NIR) laser. Confocal microscopy and ex vivo bioimaging clearly visualized the remarkable transdermal delivery of NGO-HA to tumor tissues in the skin of mice, which might be ascribed to highly expressed HA receptors and relatively leaky structures around tumor tissues, enabling the enhanced permeation and retention of nanoparticles. The NIR irradiation resulted in complete ablation of tumor tissues with no recurrence of tumorigenesis. The antitumor effect was confirmed by ELISA for caspase-3 activity and histological and immunohistochemical analyses with TUNEL assay for tumor apoptosis. Taken together, we could confirm the feasibility of transdermal NGO-HA for photothermal ablation therapy of melanoma skin cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Sang DJung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee MY, Kong WH, Jung HS, Hahn SK. Hyaluronic acid–siRNA conjugates complexed with cationic solid lipid nanoparticles for target specific gene silencing. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01485e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reducible hyaluronic acid (HA)–siRNA conjugates complexed with cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (CSLNs) with low cytotoxicity and high transfection efficiency was successfully developed for effective liver-specific gene silencing by the dual targeting effect of HA and CSLN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Young Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
- Pohang, Korea
| | - Won Ho Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
- Pohang, Korea
| | - Ho Sang Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
- Pohang, Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
- Pohang, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jung HS, Lee MY, Kong WH, Do IH, Hahn SK. Nano graphene oxide–hyaluronic acid conjugate for target specific cancer drug delivery. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00605d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
14
|
Kim H, Park HT, Tae YM, Kong WH, Sung DK, Hwang BW, Kim KS, Kim YK, Hahn SK. Bioimaging and pulmonary applications of self-assembled Flt1 peptide-hyaluronic acid conjugate nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8478-90. [PMID: 23932502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite wide exploitation of corticosteroid drugs for the treatment of asthma, the poor therapeutic effect on a neutrophilic subtype of asthma prohibits the full recovery of asthma patients. In this work, dexamethasone (Dexa) was loaded in Flt1 peptide-hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugate nanoparticles to overcome the limitation of corticosteroid resistance for the treatment of neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation. Flt1 peptide-HA conjugates are self-assembled to nanoparticles because of hydrophobic Flt1 peptide conjugated to HA by benzotriazol-1-yloxy-tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP) chemistry. In vitro bioimaging showed efficient internalization of Flt1 peptide-HA conjugate nanoparticles into lung epithelial cells by HA-receptor mediated endocytosis. Also, ex vivo imaging for the biodistribution in ICR mice revealed long-term retention of Flt1 peptide-HA conjugate nanoparticles in deep lung tissues possibly due to mucoadhesive property of HA. On the basis of bioimaging results for pulmonary drug delivery applications, we prepared Dexa-loaded Flt1 peptide-HA conjugate nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirmed the formation of nanoparticles, which reduced cytokine levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells more efficiently than free Dexa. Furthermore, according to the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cellularity and histological analysis, Dexa loaded Flt1 peptide-HA conjugate nanoparticles showed remarkable therapeutic effects in both eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma model mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kong WH, Park K, Lee MY, Lee H, Sung DK, Hahn SK. Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles derived from apolipoprotein-free LDLs for target specific systemic treatment of liver fibrosis. Biomaterials 2013; 34:542-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
16
|
Sung DK, Kong WH, Park K, Kim JH, Kim MY, Kim H, Hahn SK. Noncovalenly PEGylated CTGF siRNA/PDMAEMA complex for pulmonary treatment of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Biomaterials 2012; 34:1261-9. [PMID: 23102621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of wide biomedical applications of methacrylate polymers, we previously developed noncovalently post-PEGylated ternary complex of siRNA using poly(dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylate (PDMAEMA) and its copolymer with poly(α-methylether-ω-methacrylate-ethyleneglycol) [PMAPEG]. In this work, we investigated the antifibrotic effect of connective tissue growth factor siRNA (siCTGF)/PDMAEMA/PDMAEMA-b-PMAPEG complex for the treatment of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. After orotracheal administration to fibrotic Sprague Dawley (SD) model rats, FAM-labeled siCTGF complex was effectively delivered to the cells in the lung. The siCTGF ternary complex resulted in a significant reduction in target gene expression, collagen deposition, inflammatory cytokines production, and drastic attenuation of pulmonary fibrosis in pathophysiological analysis. Furthermore, the survival rate was remarkably increased to the statistically significant level in comparison with the scrambled siCTGF treatment group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyung Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Goh EJ, Kim KS, Kim YR, Jung HS, Beack S, Kong WH, Scarcelli G, Yun SH, Hahn SK. Bioimaging of hyaluronic acid derivatives using nanosized carbon dots. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2554-61. [PMID: 22804331 DOI: 10.1021/bm300796q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanosized carbon dots (Cdots) are an emerging bioimaging agent with excellent chemical inertness and marginal cytotoxicity in comparison to widely used semiconductor quantum dots. In this work, we report the application of Cdots for real time bioimaging of target specific delivery of hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) diamine-capped Cdots were synthesized by the pyrolysis of citric acid in a hot solvent. The synthesized Cdots showed strong fluorescence under UV excitation with emission properties dependending on the excitation wavelength. HA-Cdot conjugates were synthesized by amide bond formation between amine groups of Cdot and carboxylic groups of HA. After confirmation of the negligible cytotoxicity of Cdots and HA-Cdot conjugates, in vitro bioimaging was carried out for target specific intracellular delivery of the HA-Cdot conjugates by HA receptor-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, in vivo real-time bioimaging of Cdots and HA-Cdot conjugates exhibited the target specific delivery of HA-Cdot conjugates to the liver with abundant HA receptors. Taken together, we could confirm the feasibility of HA derivatives as a target-specific drug delivery carrier for the treatment of liver diseases and Cdots as a promising bioimaging agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Goh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim JS, Kim TG, Kong WH, Park TG, Nam YS. Thermally controlled wettability of a nanoporous membrane grafted with catechol-tethered poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:9227-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32233a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
|
20
|
Affiliation(s)
- Won Ho Kong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences and Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Cheol Am Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Yuhan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Tae Gwan Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ryu JH, Lee Y, Kong WH, Kim TG, Park TG, Lee H. Catechol-Functionalized Chitosan/Pluronic Hydrogels for Tissue Adhesives and Hemostatic Materials. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2653-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200464x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Ryu
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology (WCU), §Department of Biological Sciences, and ∥Molecular-level Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhan Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology (WCU), §Department of Biological Sciences, and ∥Molecular-level Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ho Kong
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology (WCU), §Department of Biological Sciences, and ∥Molecular-level Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Gyoung Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology (WCU), §Department of Biological Sciences, and ∥Molecular-level Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gwan Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology (WCU), §Department of Biological Sciences, and ∥Molecular-level Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeshin Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology (WCU), §Department of Biological Sciences, and ∥Molecular-level Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
In tissue engineering, injured tissue is normally reconstructed with cells obtained from that tissue itself. However, it is difficult to obtain cells for reconstruction of the trachea because of its shape and limited accessibility. Therefore, other cell sources having similar form and function or stem cells are used for tracheal reconstruction. In a previous study, we used autologous skin epithelial cells and successfully reconstructed canine tracheas. We found that the tracheal epithelial layer was completely covered with ciliated cells, which is a remarkable finding because skin and tracheal epithelial cells originate from different germinal layers and have very different forms. In this study, to elucidate the origin of the ciliated cells, we identified the stem cell contents of skin epithelial cells on primary culture, marked the skin epithelial cells with PKH26 dye, and transplanted them onto canine tracheas. After 5 months, we identified PKH26 fluorescence on the tracheal epithelial layers, especially over the tracheal cartilages. Consequently, we demonstrated that transplanted autologous skin epithelial stem cells can remain viable on the trachea for a few months and can transdifferentiate into tracheal epithelial cells and chondrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hoon Kim
- SungKyunKwan University, School of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Interdisciplinary Course, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yu JJ, Lee HA, Kim JH, Kong WH, Kim Y, Cui ZY, Park KG, Kim WS, Lee HG, Seo SW. Bio-distribution and anti-tumor efficacy of PEG/PLA nano particles loaded doxorubicin. J Drug Target 2008; 15:279-84. [PMID: 17487696 DOI: 10.1080/10611860701357235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
As a more effective in vivo drug delivery system, several methods loading anti-cancer drugs to biodegradable and biocompatible nano-particles have been explored and developed. Supposedly due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, systemic administration of these nano-particles have been found to result in accumulation of nano-particles into solid tumors. In this study, we prepared nano-particles using polyethylene glycol (PEG)/poly-L-lactide (PLLA) diblock copolymer and loaded doxorubicin into these nano-particles (Nano-dox). The fabricated nano-particles exhibited sustained release kinetics of the drug in vitro. To follow the in vivo biodistribution of 200-350 nm sized nano-dox particles in tumor (syngenic renal cell adenocarcinoma: RENCA) bearing mouse, the carboxylfluorescenin diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) was loaded into the nano-particles. Nano-dox accumulated preferentially in tumors; however, in terms of its anti-tumor efficacy, it did not show any marked benefits, compared to freely-administered doxorubicin. This result suggests the need to re-consider and evaluate what type of anti-cancer reagents we to be used in the ongoing efforts of coupling drug delivery system with tumor EPR effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Yu
- Medical Nano Element Development Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kong WH, Lee WJ, Cui ZY, Bae KH, Park TG, Kim JH, Park K, Seo SW. Nanoparticulate carrier containing water-insoluble iodinated oil as a multifunctional contrast agent for computed tomography imaging. Biomaterials 2007; 28:5555-61. [PMID: 17904632 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging is a valuable and routine strategy for the clinical diagnosis of various diseases. However, all current CT contrast agents are liquids, so they flow through the blood vessels and disappear very quickly by extravasation. If it were possible to make a blood-compatible particulate contrast agent, we could highlight a particular tissue by either passive or active targeting. In this work, Pluronic F127 and a naturally iodinated compound, Lipiodol, were used to form radiopaque nanoreservoir structures. The resultant nanoparticles have a stable structure at high concentrations, sufficient X-ray absorption, a safety profile similar to or better than that of Iopromide, and a longer circulation time than commercial iodinated preparations. The utility of the resultant radiopaque nanoparticles as a contrast agent was tested using micro-SPECT/CT imaging in vivo. Together with the very good solubility of hydrophobic drugs (e.g., Taxol) in Lipiodol, these results suggest the possibility that these particulate structures and their bioconjugates could become functional CT contrast agents that could deliver therapeutic agents to a particular tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Ho Kong
- Biomedical Engineering Interdisciplinary Course, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cui ZY, Ahn JS, Lee JY, Kim WS, Lim HY, Jeon HJ, Suh SW, Kim JH, Kong WH, Kang JM, Nam DH, Park K. Mouse orthotopic lung cancer model induced by PC14PE6. Cancer Res Treat 2006; 38:234-9. [PMID: 19771249 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2006.38.4.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 10/18/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was undertaken to investigate in detail the xenograft mouse orthotopic lung cancer model induced by PC14PE6 adenocarcinoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three cell doses (0.5x10(6); 1x10(6); 2x10(6)) of PC14PE6 cells were injected into the lungs of male BALB/c nude mice by the intrathoracic injection method. The lung and other organs, including brain, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, adrenal gland, and lymph node on knee, were removed and stained with H/E to detect the presence of tumor cells. RESULTS The reliable tumorigenicity time in the PC14PE6 adenocarcinoma cell-inoculated BALB/c nude mouse was 10 days after intrathoracic injection. The average life span of the three groups after inoculation was 14 days in the 2x10(6) cells inoculum group; 25 days in the 1x10(6) cells inoculum group; and 32 days in the 0.5x10(6) cells inoculum group. The PC14PE6 adenocarcinoma cells induced orthotopic lung cancer limited within the thorax. CONCLUSIONS This orthotopic lung cancer model is an efficient cancer model with easy inoculation methods, rapid and high tumorigenicity, and simple monitoring methods for metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yun Cui
- Medical Nano Element Development Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Adchalingam K, Kong WH, Zakiah MA, Zaini M, Wong YL, Lang CC. Attitudes of medical students towards euthanasia in a multicultural setting. Med J Malaysia 2005; 60:46-9. [PMID: 16250279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional survey of 400 medical students of multicultural backgrounds at the University of Malaya was conducted to understand their attitudes towards euthanasia and factors related to medical decisions and ethical reasoning concerning the prolongation of life, the right to die and euthanasia. The student respondents completed self-administered questionnaires that comprised of twelve questions with multiple stems addressing personal perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, and decisions about euthanasia and the relief of suffering. The majority of respondents (52%) were for the withdrawal of active therapy in a patient suffering from a terminal painful disease while 48% of them were against it. Seventy-one percent of the students involved in the study were against the idea of active euthanasia i.e. the administration of a lethal injection. However, 27% of the respondents felt that there was a moral justification to assist patients to die. Thirty-two percent of the respondents favoured the legalization of euthanasia in Malaysia while 67% of them were strongly against it. The majority (61%) of respondents would not practice euthanasia as a doctor nor would they have performed on themselves if or when it became legal. The main issue surrounding euthanasia that concerned the respondents was the misuse of it by unethical practitioners and they felt that further debate on the matter was essential, both within the local and international communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Adchalingam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
p34cdc2 and Cyclin B1 are key components of cell cycle controlling machine and are believed to play a fundamental role in gametogenesis. It is also well known that, in scrotal mammals, spermatogenesis depends greatly on the maintenance of comparatively low temperature in the scrotum. To investigate whether the expression of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in spermatogenic cells during spermatogenesis is actually a temperature dependent event, in situ hybridization, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to study the expression of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in normal and cryptorchid testis. Results showed that the abdominal temperature had no significant influence on the transcription of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in the spermatogonia and pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes, but it blocked the translation of them. Due to the deficiency of p34cdc2 and Cyclin B1, the spermatogonia and pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes were unable to form MPF, hence, they couldn't undergo karyokinesis. The development of primary spermatocytes was arrested at the G2 to M phase transition. We also found that testosterone could regulate the Cyclin B1 expression in spermatogenic cells. Muscular injection of testosterone could recover spermatogenesis in the unilateral scrotal testis which was influenced by the contralateral cryptorchid testis, but it could not salvage the spermatogenesis block in the cryptorchid testis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W H Kong
- Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kong WH, Li GF, Lu BZ. [Type and content of adrenoceptors in toad heart]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1993; 45:455-61. [PMID: 8146669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The type and content of adrenoceptors in heart of normothermic and cold-acclimatized toad were studied by radioligand binding assay at different testing temperatures. The Bmax and Kd values of membrane from normal toad heart binding to 3H-DHA at 37 degrees C were respectively 55.11 +/- 6.22 fmol/mg protein and 2.15 +/- 0.42 nmol/L for the whole heart, 55.80 +/- 7.03 and 2.65 +/- 0.37 for sino-atrium and 54.27 +/- 3.06 and 1.84 +/- 0.14 for ventricle. While the binding to 3H-DHE was very low and nonspecific. When membrane from cold-acclimatized toad at 5-8 degrees C for 10 days was examined for its binding to 3H-DHA or 3H-DHE at 10 degrees C, the values of Bmax and Kd were as same as those of normothermic toad examined at 37 degrees C. The present results suggest that the toad heart is lacking of alpha-adrenoceptor, and the type and content of adrenoceptors are not influenced by temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W H Kong
- Department of Biology, Shandong University, Jinan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ji GC, Li GF, Yang TE, Kong WH. [The phase-dependent response of the heart to vagal stimulation in soft-shelled turtles]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1993; 45:439-46. [PMID: 8146667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Using cardiac cycle length (A-A interval) as an index, the effect of phase-coupled burst of vagal stimulation on the heart rate were investigated in 27 turtles. The negative chronotropic response depended on timing of the stimulus burst within the cardiac cycle. At first, the A-A interval was lengthened progressively and then showed a rapid decrease. The amplitude (AT) of the mean phase-response curve to right vagal stimulus in turtles treated by propranolol at normal temperature was 1484.10 +/- 213.10 ms. The minimum-to-maximum phase difference of the response curves was 804.00 +/- 210.90 ms. Both the AT and (St-A)max of the response curve varied directly with AA. In contrast, (St-A)min was not influenced by AA. Moreover, it was also found that the tau FR, AT, AA and (St-A)min in hibernant animals were all higher than those in normal ones. However, in three of the six hibernant turtles maximum positive chronotropic response could be elicited at the time when (A-A)min was elicited by vagal stimulation. The results indicated that the phase-dependent response to right vagus in turtles was similar to that in homothermal animals, but significantly different both in the amplitude of the phase-response and the latency of negative chronotropic response. Since the phase-response was abolished by atropine, not by propranolol, it was suggested that the occurrence of phase-response was due to changes of responsiveness of automatic cells to ACh released from the vagus nerve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G C Ji
- Department of Biology, Shandong University, Jinan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kong WH, Llewellyn-Thomas H, Naylor CD. The internal logic of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society scale for grading angina pectoris: a first appraisal. Can J Cardiol 1992; 8:947-53. [PMID: 1486545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the internal logic (content validity) of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) scale for grading angina pectoris. PATIENTS Forty-one consenting patients with stable angina of at least two months duration, admitted to a tertiary centre for coronary angiography. METHODS Patients completed a supervised questionnaire with closed-ended questions. Key questions included: usual numbers of blocks walked on the level or flights of stairs climbed before onset of chest pain; frequency with which chest pain occurred at the usual threshold distance; presence of rest pain; and influence of modifiers suggested for class II of the scale such as walking uphill and into the wind. RESULTS Agreement of four questionnaire-defined 'stair-climbing grades' and 'walking grades' was statistically significant (P < 0.001) but only 37% better than expected by chance alone (weighted kappa). Frequency of angina at a patient's self-defined exercise threshold varied; only 22 of 41 patients (54%) had symptoms always or often. Higher classes of angina were more likely to be associated with frequent symptoms at threshold, eg, class I/II, six of 23 versus class III/IV, 16 of 17; 2P = 0.00002). Pain at rest was reported as 'definitely' present by 23 of 41 patients, and was similar in incidence across angina classes. All suggested modifiers reduced distances walked in a significant majority of patients (P values uniformly < 0.01) except for walking in the first few hours after awakening. However, the proportions of subjects for whom these factors were relevant were statistically similar for all angina grades, rather than for class II patients alone. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that internal inconsistencies in the CCS scale are identifiable with simple validity checks. Further research appears warranted to improve this popular and useful clinical tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W H Kong
- University of Toronto Medical Faculty, Ontario
| | | | | |
Collapse
|