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Lee MH, Lee B, Park SE, Yang GE, Cheon S, Lee DH, Kang S, Sun YJ, Kim Y, Jung DS, Kim W, Kang J, Kim YR, Choi JW. Transcriptome-based deep learning analysis identifies drug candidates targeting protein synthesis and autophagy for the treatment of muscle wasting disorder. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:904-921. [PMID: 38556548 PMCID: PMC11059359 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, is observed in various conditions, including cancer and aging. The complex molecular biology of sarcopenia has posed challenges for the development of FDA-approved medications, which have mainly focused on dietary supplementation. Targeting a single gene may not be sufficient to address the broad range of processes involved in muscle loss. This study analyzed the gene expression signatures associated with cancer formation and 5-FU chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting. Our findings suggest that dimenhydrinate, a combination of 8-chlorotheophylline and diphenhydramine, is a potential therapeutic for sarcopenia. In vitro experiments demonstrated that dimenhydrinate promotes muscle progenitor cell proliferation through the phosphorylation of Nrf2 by 8-chlorotheophylline and promotes myotube formation through diphenhydramine-induced autophagy. Furthermore, in various in vivo sarcopenia models, dimenhydrinate induced rapid muscle tissue regeneration. It improved muscle regeneration in animals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and facilitated muscle and fat recovery in animals with chemotherapy-induced sarcopenia. As an FDA-approved drug, dimenhydrinate could be applied for sarcopenia treatment after a relatively short development period, providing hope for individuals suffering from this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hak Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Regulatory Innovation Through Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bada Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Eul Yang
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd, Seoul, 04168, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Cheon
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd, Seoul, 04168, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyeong Kang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Regulatory Innovation Through Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjin Kim
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd, Seoul, 04168, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sub Jung
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd, Seoul, 04168, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonwoo Kim
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd, Seoul, 04168, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd, Seoul, 04168, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Rang Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Regulatory Innovation Through Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd, Seoul, 04168, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Regulatory Innovation Through Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Kim JI, Kim SK, Kim KE, Kim YR, Kim EJ, An BK. Effects of Lupin Kernel (Lupinus angustifolius) and Faba Bean (Vicia faba) on Growth Performance and Hepatic Fatty Acid Profiles in Broiler Chicks. Braz J Poult Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- JI Kim
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - SK Kim
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - KE Kim
- Nonghyup Feed, Republic of Korea
| | - YR Kim
- Yonam College, Republic of Korea
| | - EJ Kim
- Yonam College, Republic of Korea
| | - BK An
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
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3
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Song JW, Suh J, Lee SW, Yoo JK, Lee U, Han JH, Kwak C, Kang M, Kim YR, Jeong CW, Choi JW. Isolation and Genomic Analysis of Single Circulating Tumor Cell Using Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase and Desmoglein-2. Small Methods 2022; 6:e2200739. [PMID: 35778831 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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Song JW, Suh J, Lee SW, Yoo JK, Lee U, Han JH, Kwak C, Kang M, Kim YR, Jeong CW, Choi JW. Isolation and Genomic Analysis of Single Circulating Tumor Cell Using Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase and Desmoglein-2. Small Methods 2022; 6:e2100938. [PMID: 35038250 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As epithelial cells in the circulation are considered to originate from the tumor, the epithelial cell adhesion molecule has been commonly used as a standard marker for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) isolation. However, it seems to disappear after the epithelial-mesenchymal transition that most cancer cells undergo for intravasation. Thus, more advanced techniques for CTC detection are needed to better understand the clinical significance of CTCs. A cancer cell-specifically-infecting or replicating virus that codes a fluorescent monitor gene can be a solution to efficiently detect CTCs. Thus, the authors designed an adenovirus to bind to desmoglein-2, which is highly expressed in most cancer cells. A cancer-specific human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter is inserted to control a viral E1 region. The adenovirus is utilized to compare the number of CTCs from renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer patients before and after surgery. The isolated two or three CTCs are eligible for whole genome sequencing. The genomic analysis proves the difference of variants between primary tumors and CTCs. Taken together, it is a fast and exact serial method for CTC isolation and the enriched genome sequencing may be used to determine the prognosis and as a point-of-care system for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Song
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Regulatory Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungyo Suh
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ki Yoo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Research Center of Curigin Ltd., Seoul, 04778, Republic of Korea
| | - Uijeong Lee
- Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of Oncocross Ltd., Seoul, 04168, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hee Han
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyong Kang
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology SAIHST Sungkyunkwan University
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Rang Kim
- Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of Oncocross Ltd., Seoul, 04168, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Regulatory Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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Kim YR, Shin DG, Kim S. Bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with combined anti-platelet and NOAC therapy. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The combined use of antiplatelet agents (APT) and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patient with atrial fibrillation (AF) is commonly encountered in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes between combination therapy (NOAC and APT) and monotherapy (NOAC only).
Methods and results
We analyzed patients who were prescribed NOACs between January 2012 and December 2016. The primary outcome was major or any bleeding events and the secondary outcomes were stroke/systemic embolism (SE) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Of 1,068 participants, there were 264 (24.7%) patients in the combination group.
The prevalence of diabetes (p=0.017) and history of stroke and transient ischemic attacks (p<0.001) was higher in the combination group than in the monotherapy group. During the mean 14.6±9.8 months of follow-up, the incidence of any bleeding was significantly higher in the combination group than in the monotherapy group (p<0.001). Major bleeding, stroke/SE, and MACE between the two groups were similar. The rate of under-dosage NOACs prescriptions was higher in the combination group than in the monotherapy group (p=0.024).
Conclusions
The combination therapy had higher incidences of any bleeding events compared to the monotherapy. However, there was no difference in stroke/SE and MACE.
The bleeding risk in patients taking the combination of NOACs and APT should be carefully evaluated.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1. Primary and secondary outcomes
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Kim
- Dongguk University International Hospital, Goyang, Korea (Republic of)
| | - D G Shin
- Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Internal Medicine, Incheon, Korea (Republic of)
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Kim YR. The volume of left atrium measured by multi-detector computed tomography can predict of long term outcome in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab111.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
This study aimed to identify the volume left atrium (LA) and left atrial appendage (LAA) calculated by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is related to the long term out come of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for atrial fibrillation(AF).
Methods
We analyzed data from 99 consecutive patients who referred for RFCA due to drug-refractory symptomatic AF (age 56 ± 10 years; 74% men; 64% paroxysmal AF). Prior to the procedure, all patients underwent ECG-gated 128 channels MDCT scan for assessment for pulmonary vein anatomy, LA and LAA volume estimation, and electro-anatomical mapping integration.
Results
The volume of LA and LAA calculated by CT was 142.6 ± 32.2 mL and 14.7 ± 6.0 mL, respectively. LA volume was smaller in paroxysmal AF(PAF) than persistent AF(PeAF) (133.9 ± 29.3 mL vs. 158.0 ± 31.4 mL, p < 0.0001) but LAA volume was not significantly different between PAF and PeAF(13.9 ± 5.0 mL vs. 16.3 ± 7.3 mL, p = 0.09). Patients were classified into 2 groups by the LA volume of 160mL; group 1 (LA volume < 160mL,n = 73) and group 2 (LA volume ≥160mL, n = 26). After a mean follow up 12.6 ± 5.3 months, 78.8% of the patients maintained sinus rhythm after the index ablation. AF free survival was significantly greater in group 1 than group 2 (84.9% vs. 61.5% p = 0.017). No relationship was found between LAA volume and the outcome of RFCA. Multivariate analysis showed that the LA volume >160mL was an independent predictor of arrhythmia-free after ablation (Hazard ration 2.55, 95% confidential interval 1.02-6.35, p = 0.045)
Conclusion
Higher LA volume is independent risk factor for AF recurrence after RFCA but not LAA volume. The LA volume quickly assessed by MDCT could be a good predictor of long term recurrence after AF ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- YR Kim
- Dongguk University International Hospital, Goyang, Korea (Republic of)
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Kim SK, Goughnour PC, Lee EJ, Kim MH, Chae HJ, Yun GY, Kim YR, Choi JW. Identification of drug combinations on the basis of machine learning to maximize anti-aging effects. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246106. [PMID: 33507975 PMCID: PMC7843016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process that involves numerous genetic changes, so identifying anti-aging agents is quite challenging. Age-associated genetic factors must be better understood to search appropriately for anti-aging agents. We utilized an aging-related gene expression pattern-trained machine learning system that can implement reversible changes in aging by linking combinatory drugs. In silico gene expression pattern-based drug repositioning strategies, such as connectivity map, have been developed as a method for unique drug discovery. However, these strategies have limitations such as lists that differ for input and drug-inducing genes or constraints to compare experimental cell lines to target diseases. To address this issue and improve the prediction success rate, we modified the original version of expression profiles with a stepwise-filtered method. We utilized a machine learning system called deep-neural network (DNN). Here we report that combinational drug pairs using differential expressed genes (DEG) had a more enhanced anti-aging effect compared with single independent treatments on leukemia cells. This study shows potential drug combinations to retard the effects of aging with higher efficacy using innovative machine learning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Kyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Eui Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hyun Kim
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chae
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Yeul Yun
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Rang Kim
- Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yuseong Sun Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YRK); (JWC)
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Nano-pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YRK); (JWC)
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Lee M, Han J, Kim YR, Kwak N, Kim JH, Park O, Shin S, Moon HS, Kim HJ, Jang MJ, Yim JJ. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in South Korea: a retrospective analysis of national registry data in 2011-2015. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020; 23:850-857. [PMID: 31439118 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a threat to public health as a result of high treatment costs and unsatisfactory outcomes.OBJECTIVE: To elucidate trend, demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with MDR-TB between 2011 and 2015 in South Korea.METHOD: Data of patients with MDR-TB diagnosed between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2015 were retrieved from the nationwide Internet-based TB notification system and analysed retrospectively.RESULTS: During the study period, 5192 MDR-TB patients were notified. We identified an increasing number of MDR-TB patients among foreign populations (from 1.3% to 7.7%), decreasing resistance rates to other anti-TB drugs (e.g., resistance to pyrazinamide, from 40.9% to 28.2%), a decreasing interval from treatment initiation to negative conversion of sputum culture (from 165.7 to 103.7 days) and shortening of treatment duration (719.7 to 613.2 days). However, treatment success rates did not change, and had an average of 65.7%.CONCLUSION: Despite decreasing resistance rates to other drugs and faster treatment responses, treatment outcomes did not improve during the study period. Strict management of MDR-TB patients on treatment should be adopted to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lee
- International Tuberculosis Research Center, Seoul
| | - J Han
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul
| | - Y R Kim
- International Tuberculosis Research Center, Seoul
| | - N Kwak
- Medical Squadron, Operation Command, Republic of Korea Air Force, Osan
| | - J H Kim
- Gijang Public Health Center, Busan
| | - O Park
- Division of Risk Assessment and International Cooperation, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju
| | - S Shin
- Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Cheongju
| | - H S Moon
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Paul's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - H J Kim
- Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Cheongju
| | - M-J Jang
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul
| | - J-J Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Song DH, Ham YK, Ha JH, Kim YR, Chin KB, Kim HW. Impacts of pre-rigor salting with KCl on technological properties of ground chicken breast. Poult Sci 2019; 99:597-603. [PMID: 32416846 PMCID: PMC7587853 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the impact of pre-rigor salting using KCl on the technological properties of ground chicken breast. Chicken breast muscle (M. pectoralis major and minor) was hot-debonded and salted with 2% NaCl (w/w), 1% NaCl+1% KCl mixture, or 2% KCl, respectively, within 30 min after slaughter. Post-rigor salting treatment was prepared with 2% NaCl at 24 h postmortem. All pre-rigor salting treatments showed higher ultimate pH, protein solubility, and final yield than post-rigor salting treatment (P < 0.05). However, the positive effects of pre-rigor salting on chicken breast differed by salt type. Pre-rigor salting with KCl resulted in higher ultimate pH and R-values of chicken breast than pre-rigor salting with NaCl (P < 0.05). Despite the high ultimate pH, pre-rigor salting with KCl resulted in lower protein solubility, final yield, and hardness of chicken breast than pre-rigor salting with NaCl (P < 0.05). These results indicate that pre-rigor salting with KCl could contribute to the maintenance of relatively excellent technological properties of pre-rigor chicken breasts compared to post-rigor salted chicken breast. However, this current study also suggests that the impact of KCl on technological properties in pre-rigor chicken breast, such as water-holding capacity, protein solubility, and texture, could be less effective than pre-rigor salting with NaCl at an identical percentage concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Song
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Y K Ham
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Ha
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Y R Kim
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - K B Chin
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - H W Kim
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea.
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Kim YR, Yoo JK, Jeong CW, Choi JW. Correction to: Selective killing of circulating tumor cells prevents metastasis and extends survival. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:5. [PMID: 30626405 PMCID: PMC6327478 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rang Kim
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yuseong Sun Hospital, Daejeon, 34084, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ki Yoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life and Nano-pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Life and Nano-pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Byun MR, Lee SW, Paulson B, Lee S, Lee W, Lee KK, Kim YR, Kim JK, Choi JW. Micro-endoscopic In Vivo Monitoring in the Blood and Lymphatic Vessels of the Oral Cavity after Radiation Therapy. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1525-1533. [PMID: 31673245 PMCID: PMC6818205 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.36470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy, although used worldwide for the treatment of head, neck, and oral cancers, causes acute complications, including effects on vasculature and immune response due to cellular stress. Thus, the ability to diagnose side-effects and monitor vascular response in real-time during radiotherapy would be highly beneficial for clinical and research applications. In this study, recently-developed fluorescence micro-endoscopic technology provides non-invasive, high-resolution, real-time imaging at the cellular level. Moreover, with the application of high-resolution imaging technologies and micro-endoscopy, which enable improved monitoring of adverse effects in GFP-expressing mouse models, changes in the oral vasculature and lymphatic vessels are quantified in real time for 10 days following a mild localized single fractionation, 10 Gy radiotherapy treatments. Fluorescence micro-endoscopy enables quantification of the cardiovascular recovery and immune response, which shows short-term reduction in mean blood flow velocity, in lymph flow, and in transient immune infiltration even after this mild radiation dose, in addition to long-term reduction in blood vessel capacity. The data provided may serve as a reference for the expected cellular-level physiological, cardiovascular, and immune changes in animal disease models after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ran Byun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bjorn Paulson
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Kyoo Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Rang Kim
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Yuseong Sun Hospital, Daejeon, 34084, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ki Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) accounts for more than 60% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases. However, there is limited information about the features of HBV-driven HCC that differentiate it from other types of HCC. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to find a gene specific to HBV-driven HCC and understand its role during tumorigenesis. METHODS The differences in gene expression patterns were analyzed among patients with hepatitis virus-unrelated liver cirrhosis, and hepatitis C virus- and HBV-driven HCC. Genes expressed only in HBV patients were compared to genes of transgenic mice expressing hepatitis B viral X gene. RESULTS Integrin α6 was commonly overexpressed in both HBV-driven HCC patients and transgenic mice expressing viral X. This gene's activation induced overexpression of integrin α6, as well as formation of integrins α6β1 and α6β4, without changing the expression of non-integrin laminin receptors. Suppression of integrin α6 caused significant inhibition of tumor migration in vitro. CONCLUSIONS This study found a significant association between HBV and integrin α6, which may be responsible for early migration and invasion of HCC. Thus, integrin α6 is a predictive marker for tumor recurrence and invasiveness of HBV-driven HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rang Kim
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Yuseong Sun Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mi Ran Byun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim YR, Yoo JK, Jeong CW, Choi JW. Selective killing of circulating tumor cells prevents metastasis and extends survival. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:114. [PMID: 30201021 PMCID: PMC6131899 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis is initiated by circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are considered to be a determining factor for the degree of metastasis and the survival of cancer patients. Although CTC-based diagnostic approaches are being rapidly developed, limited studies have proven the benefits of CTC elimination, with most studies providing only hypothetical inference because of the technical difficulty in examining the effects of CTC elimination in vivo. We modified photodynamic therapy to specifically eliminate green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing CTCs and evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of CTC elimination. When circulating blood is illuminated with a blue laser (λ = 473 nm), the combination of GFP and photosensitizers induces a selective elimination of GFP-expressing CTCs, with limited effect on normal cells. In GFP-expressing cancer cell-infused or transplanted mice models, the treatment suppressed distant metastasis and extended the survival of the tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, CTCs are a core seed to be metastasized into secondary organs and elimination of CTCs may improve the survival of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rang Kim
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yuseong Sun Hospital, Daejeon, 34084, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ki Yoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life and Nano-pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Life and Nano-pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Lee WS, Choi KJ, Nam GB, Kim YH, Kim J, Kim YH, Kim YR, Park KM. P5752Assessment of force-time integral on radiofrequency lesion size in an in vitro swine contractile model using force sensing technology. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W S Lee
- YeoSu Jeil Hospital, YeoSu, Korea Republic of
| | - K J Choi
- Asan Medical Center, Electrophysiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - G B Nam
- Asan Medical Center, Electrophysiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - Y H Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Electrophysiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Electrophysiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - Y H Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Electrophysiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - Y R Kim
- St.Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon, Korea Republic of
| | - K M Park
- Samsung Medical Center, Electrophysiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
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15
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Choi Y, Kim SH, Kim SH, Kim JY, Kim YR, Kim TS, Hwang YM, Kim JH, Jang SW, Rho TH, Lee MY, Oh YS. P1902Terminating the induced atrial tachyarrhythmia after complete pulmonary vein isolation during catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Choi
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - S H Kim
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - S H Kim
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J Y Kim
- Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea Republic of
| | - Y R Kim
- St.Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon, Korea Republic of
| | - T S Kim
- Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon, Korea Republic of
| | - Y M Hwang
- St. Vincent's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Suwon, Korea Republic of
| | - J H Kim
- St. Vincent's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Suwon, Korea Republic of
| | - S W Jang
- St.Paul's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - T H Rho
- St.Paul's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - M Y Lee
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - Y S Oh
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
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16
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Kim YR, Lee B, Byun MR, Lee JK, Choi JW. Evaluation of pemetrexed and etoposide as therapeutic regimens for human papillomavirus-positive oral and oropharyngeal cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200509. [PMID: 29995943 PMCID: PMC6040768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although human papillomavirus (HPV) positive oral and oropharyngeal cancers have distinct epidemiologic and molecular characteristics compared to HPV-negative cancers, all patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancers received same standard regimen regardless of HPV status. For these reasons, specific regimens for patients with HPV-positive oral and oropharyngeal cancer are needed. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) between HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancers were re-analyzed and categorized from public database. Then, druggable targets to HPV-positive oral and oropharyngeal cancer were identified and were validated with E6/E7, which is oncogene of HPV, transfected oral and oropharyngeal cancer cell lines and HPV infected cell lines. In DEG analysis, HPV-positive oral and oropharyngeal cancer showed distinct disease entity from HPV-negative cancers. Unlike HPV-negative oral and oropharyngeal cancer, thymidylate synthase (TS) and topoisomerase II (Topo II) were overexpressed in HPV-positive cancers. Transfection of Lenti-virus containing E6/ E7 to HPV-negative oral and oropharyngeal cancer cells induced upregulation of TS and Topo II in those cells. Although cisplatin, which is standard regimen in head and neck cancers, showed more effectiveness in HPV-negative cells, 5-FU and pemetrexed, which are TS inhibitors, or etoposide, which is Topo II inhibitors, worked more effectively in HPV-positive cells. In addition, cisplatin/etoposide and cisplatin/pemetrexed combination regimens showed synergic effects in HPV-positive cells. Pemetrexed or etoposide alone, or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin, can be used as novel substitutes in a regimen of concurrent chemoradiotherapy or a palliative regimen for HPV-positive oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients. However, a well-designed clinical trial is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rang Kim
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Yuseong Sun Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bada Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Byun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Intravital ablation of particular cell populations is necessary to decipher their roles under spatiotemporal conditions. Energy transfer-based photodynamic therapy presented a conditional range for specifically inducing the death of GFP expressing cells, with little effect on normal cells. This novel system enables easy access to the functional study of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rang Kim
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Yuseong Sun Hospital, Daejeon, 34084, Republic of Korea
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Kim YR, Jang SW, Hwang YM, Kim JY, Kim TS, Kim SH, Kim JH, Oh YS, Lee MY, Rho TH. P397Long-term clinical outcomes of misdosing NOACs in patients with atrial fibrillation. Europace 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy015.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y R Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Internal Medicine, Incheon, Korea Republic of
| | - S W Jang
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - Y M Hwang
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J Y Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - T S Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - S H Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J H Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - Y S Oh
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - M Y Lee
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - T H Rho
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
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20
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Choi JW, Lee H, Lee G, Kim YR, Ahn MJ, Park HJ, Eom K, Kwon T. Blood Droplet-Based Cancer Diagnosis via Proteolytic Activity Measurement in Cancer Progression. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2878-2887. [PMID: 28824722 PMCID: PMC5562222 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is a key marker and target molecule for cancer diagnosis, as MMP is able to cleave peptide chains resulting in degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), a necessary step for cancer development. In particular, MMP2 has recently been recognized as an important biomarker for lung cancer. Despite the important role of detecting MMP molecules in cancer diagnosis, it is a daunting task to quantitatively understand a correlation between the status of cancer development and the secretion level of MMP in a blood droplet. Here, we demonstrate a nanoscale cancer diagnosis by nanomechanical quantitation of MMP2 molecules under cancer progression with using a blood droplet of lung cancer patients. Specifically, we measured the frequency dynamics of nanomechanical biosensor functionalized with peptide chains mimicking ECM in response to MMP2 secreted from tumors in lung with different metastasis level. It is shown that the frequency shift of the biosensor, which exhibits the detection sensitivity below 1 nM, enables the quantitation of the secretion level of MMP2 molecules during the progression of cancer cells or tumor growth. More importantly, using a blood droplet of lung cancer patients, nanomechanical biosensor is shown to be capable of depicting the correlation between the secretion level of MMP2 molecules and the level of cancer metastasis, which highlights the cantilever-based MMP2 detection for diagnosis of lung cancer. Our finding will broaden the understanding of cancer development activated by MMP and allow for a fast and point-of-care cancer diagnostics.
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Ryu S, Park S, Lee JH, Kim YR, Na HS, Lim HS, Choi HY, Hwang IY, Lee JG, Park ZW, Oh WY, Kim JM, Choi SE. A Study on CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 Polymorphic Effects on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Amitriptyline in Healthy Koreans. Clin Transl Sci 2017; 10:93-101. [PMID: 28296334 PMCID: PMC5355968 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a double-blinded, genotype-based stratification study to explore the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amitriptyline according to CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 genotype in Korean subjects. Twenty-four healthy adults were grouped by genotype of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6. After a single dose of 25 mg of amitriptyline, blood samples were collected and anticholinergic effects were measured. The extent of N-demethylation of amitriptyline significantly decreased in subjects carrying two nonfunctional alleles of CYP2C19. The extent of hydroxylation of amitriptyline or nortriptyline was significantly reduced in subjects carrying two CYP2D6 decreased functional alleles compared with those with no or one decreased functional allele. The overall metabolic pathway of amitriptyline was more likely to be dominated by CYP2C19 than CYP2D6. The gene variations of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 did not change the pharmacodynamic effect. The findings of this study will provide useful information on individualized drug treatment with amitriptyline considering both CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 gene variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ryu
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Republic of Korea
| | - S Park
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Republic of Korea
| | - Y R Kim
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Na
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Lim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Choi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - I Y Hwang
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Republic of Korea
| | - J G Lee
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Republic of Korea
| | - Z W Park
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Republic of Korea
| | - W Y Oh
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Republic of Korea
| | - J M Kim
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Republic of Korea
| | - S E Choi
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Republic of Korea
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22
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Kim YR, Park MS, Eum KH, Kim J, Lee JW, Bae T, Lee DH, Choi JW. Transcriptome analysis indicates TFEB1 and YEATS4 as regulatory transcription factors for drug resistance of ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31030-8. [PMID: 26307679 PMCID: PMC4741586 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is an intractable disease because patients with ovarian cancer frequently develop drug resistance after long-term chemotherapy. Despite the availability of cumulative information on drug-resistant patients, strategies to reverse drug resistance have still not been established. In this study, we analyzed drug resistance-associated transcription factors (TFs) in ovarian cancer. Gene expression profiles of 15 drug-resistant and 11 drug-sensitive patients with ovarian cancer were compared. Our results showed that TFs TFEB1 and YEATS4 regulated the expression of downstream target genes. These 2 TFs have already been implicated in tumorigenesis or metastasis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the involvement of these TFs in drug resistance of ovarian cancer. Interestingly, 70% knockdown of each of these TFs with siRNAs resulted in approximately 20%∼30% recovery of drug sensitivity. Further, combination treatment of ovarian cancer cells with TFEB1 and YEATS4 siRNAs resulted in 35% reversal of drug resistance. The effect of these TFs on chemoresistance seemed to be associated with intrinsic apoptosis-related pathways, such as p53 activation, and not with the suppression of drug transport. Thus, we suggest a novel approach to reverse chemoresistance of ovarian cancer by suppressing TFEB1 and YEATS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rang Kim
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Yuseong Sun Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sung Park
- Institute for Metabolic Disease, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hwan Eum
- Wonkwang Institute of Interfused Biomedical Science and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Kim
- Wonkwang Institute of Interfused Biomedical Science and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejeong Bae
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dae Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Hospital, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Wonkwang Institute of Interfused Biomedical Science and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University Suwon Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Kim YR, Lee JL, You D, Jeong IG, Song C, Hong B, Hong JH, Ahn H. Gemcitabine plus split-dose cisplatin could be a promising alternative to gemcitabine plus carboplatin for cisplatin-unfit patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 76:141-53. [PMID: 26001531 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cisplatin-based chemotherapies are standard treatment regimens of advanced urothelial cell carcinoma. But a significant proportion of patients are unsuitable for cisplatin due to impaired renal function. Carboplatin-based regimens such as gemcitabine and carboplatin regimen (GCb) were applied due to less nephrotoxicity and side effects in these patients. However, it is known that clinical outcome of carboplatin-based regimens was unsatisfactory compared to cisplatin-based regimens. We compared the nephrotoxicity and response to treatment between GCb and gemcitabine plus split-dose cisplatin regimen (GC-S). METHODS GC-S consists of cisplatin 35 mg/m(2) given on day 1, 2 and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) on day 1, 8 every 3 weeks. GCb consists of carboplatin (AUC 4.5) on day 1 and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) on day 1, 8 every 3 weeks. Patient demographics, serum creatinine and calculated GFR, adverse events, and radiologic response were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Forty-four patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with GCb (n = 22) or GC-S (n = 22) in our institution. There was no difference at deterioration of serum creatinine or GFR between GCb and GC-S (p = 0.442, p = 0.345). For patients who had GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) subgroup, similar results were produced (p = 0.292, p = 0.186). In addition, GC-S (68.4 %) showed improved response compared to GCb (31.6 %) (p = 0.023). Both treatments were well tolerated, and there were no unexpected serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Based on preserved renal function, favorable response, and tolerability, GC-S could be a promising alternative to GCb for cisplatin-unfit patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rang Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
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24
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Kim YR, Kim S, Choi JW, Choi SY, Lee SH, Kim H, Hahn SK, Koh GY, Yun SH. Bioluminescence-activated deep-tissue photodynamic therapy of cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:805-17. [PMID: 26000054 PMCID: PMC4440439 DOI: 10.7150/thno.11520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical energy can trigger a variety of photochemical processes useful for therapies. Owing to the shallow penetration of light in tissues, however, the clinical applications of light-activated therapies have been limited. Bioluminescence resonant energy transfer (BRET) may provide a new way of inducing photochemical activation. Here, we show that efficient bioluminescence energy-induced photodynamic therapy (PDT) of macroscopic tumors and metastases in deep tissue. For monolayer cell culture in vitro incubated with Chlorin e6, BRET energy of about 1 nJ per cell generated as strong cytotoxicity as red laser light irradiation at 2.2 mW/cm2 for 180 s. Regional delivery of bioluminescence agents via draining lymphatic vessels killed tumor cells spread to the sentinel and secondary lymph nodes, reduced distant metastases in the lung and improved animal survival. Our results show the promising potential of novel bioluminescence-activated PDT.
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Choi JW, Kim P, Kim JK, Kim YR, Fukumura D, Yun SH. Longitudinal Tracing of Spontaneous Regression and Anti-angiogenic Response of Individual Microadenomas during Colon Tumorigenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:724-32. [PMID: 25897337 PMCID: PMC4402496 DOI: 10.7150/thno.10734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for the progression of cancer, but its involvement in the initial phase of colon tumorigenesis is not well understood. Using intravital endomicroscopy, we visualized the natural history of early pre-tumorous lesions and adenomas in the colon of conditional Apc-knockout and Apc/Kras double mutant mouse models. Early lesions emerged about 4 weeks after the onset of somatic mutations, accompanying vascular dilation when the size of lesions reached about 200 μm, but most lesions regressed spontaneously and cleared within 10 weeks after their emergence. Anti-angiogenic treatments with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) antagonists reduced the size of the early lesions and the number of polyps. We found surprisingly that anti-angiogenic treatments delayed the natural clearance of transient lesions by up to several weeks in both genetic models. The results represent the previously unexpected role of early angiogenesis on the spontaneous regression of early-stage colon tumors.
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26
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Han SH, Cho JH, Jung HS, Suh JY, Kim JK, Kim YR, Cho G, Cho H. Robust MR assessment of cerebral blood volume and mean vessel size using SPION-enhanced ultrashort echo acquisition. Neuroimage 2015; 112:382-389. [PMID: 25818683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravascular superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION)-enhanced MR transverse relaxation rates (∆R2(⁎) and ∆R2) are widely used to investigate in vivo vascular parameters, such as the cerebral blood volume (CBV), microvascular volume (MVV), and mean vessel size index (mVSI, ∆R2(⁎)/∆R2). Although highly efficient, regional comparison of vascular parameters acquired using gradient-echo based ∆R2(⁎) is hampered by its high sensitivity to magnetic field perturbations arising from air-tissue interfaces and large vessels. To minimize such demerits, we took advantage of the dual contrast property of SPION and both theoretically and experimentally verified the direct benefit of replacing gradient-echo based ∆R2(⁎) measurement with ultra-short echo time (UTE)-based ∆R1 contrast to generate the robust CBV and mVSI maps. The UTE acquisition minimized the local measurement errors from susceptibility perturbations and enabled dose-independent CBV measurement using the vessel/tissue ∆R1 ratio, while independent spin-echo acquisition enabled simultaneous ∆R2 measurement and mVSI calculation of the cortex, cerebellum, and olfactory bulb, which are animal brain regions typified by significant susceptibility-associated measurement errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Han
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - J H Cho
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - H S Jung
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - J Y Suh
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, South Korea
| | - J K Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y R Kim
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - G Cho
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, South Korea
| | - H Cho
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea.
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Choi JW, Kim JK, Choi M, Kim YR, Yun SH. In vivo imaging of Lgr5-positive cell populations using confocal laser endomicroscopy during early colon tumorigenesis. Endoscopy 2014; 46:1110-6. [PMID: 25216325 PMCID: PMC4403755 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1377631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS A diagnostic molecular marker for pre-neoplastic lesions, particularly before polyposis, is still lacking. Lgr5 has been broadly accepted as a marker for intestinal cancer stem cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the monitoring of Lgr5( + ) cells as a useful tool for the early diagnosis of premalignant lesions before polyp formation. METHODS In vivo molecular imaging was performed to examine colon tumorigenesis in Lgr5-EGFP mice treated with azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate. eGFP( +) Lgr5( +) regions in the descending colon were longitudinally monitored using side-view confocal endomicroscopy. Based on the eGFP signal intensity on the luminal surface, polyps were classified into two groups - Lgr5-high and Lgr5-low. White light colonoscopy was used to monitor polyp formation. RESULTS Approximately 75 % of the polyps originated from foci containing Lgr5-eGFP( +) cells, whereas 25 % of the polyps emerged from Lgr5( -) foci. Among eGFP( +) foci, Lgr5-high foci grew faster than Lgr5-low foci. CONCLUSIONS Polyps developed at Lgr5( +) regions. Luminal Lgr5 expression was correlated with the growth rate of early-stage adenomas. Lgr5 is a promising molecular marker for the early diagnosis of colon tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Choi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Dental Research, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, 570-749, Korea
| | - Jun Ki Kim
- Biomedical Engineering R&D Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Myunghwan Choi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Yi Rang Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Yun
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Corresponding author: Seok Hyun Yun,
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Han SH, Cho FH, Song YK, Paulsen J, Song YQ, Kim YR, Kim JK, Cho G, Cho H. Ultrafast 3D spin-echo acquisition improves Gadolinium-enhanced MRI signal contrast enhancement. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5061. [PMID: 24863102 PMCID: PMC4034007 DOI: 10.1038/srep05061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Long scan times of 3D volumetric MR acquisitions usually necessitate ultrafast in vivo gradient-echo acquisitions, which are intrinsically susceptible to magnetic field inhomogeneities. This is especially problematic for contrast-enhanced (CE)-MRI applications, where non-negligible T2* effect of contrast agent deteriorates the positive signal contrast and limits the available range of MR acquisition parameters and injection doses. To overcome these shortcomings without degrading temporal resolution, ultrafast spin-echo acquisitions were implemented. Specifically, a multiplicative acceleration factor from multiple spin echoes (×32) and compressed sensing (CS) sampling (×8) allowed highly-accelerated 3D Multiple-Modulation-Multiple-Echo (MMME) acquisition. At the same time, the CE-MRI of kidney with Gd-DOTA showed significantly improved signal enhancement for CS-MMME acquisitions (×7) over that of corresponding FLASH acquisitions (×2). Increased positive contrast enhancement and highly accelerated acquisition of extended volume with reduced RF irradiations will be beneficial for oncological and nephrological applications, in which the accurate in vivo 3D quantification of contrast agent concentration is necessary with high temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - F H Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Y K Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - J Paulsen
- Schlumberger Doll Research Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Y Q Song
- Schlumberger Doll Research Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Y R Kim
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J K Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - G Cho
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, South Korea
| | - H Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, South Korea
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Shin YH, Kim HY, Kim YR, Yoon JS, Ko JS, Gwak MS, Kim GS, Lee SK. The comparison of femoral and radial arterial blood pressures during pediatric liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2014; 45:1924-7. [PMID: 23769074 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is frequently associated with dramatic hemodynamic changes; thus, it is critical to accurately monitor blood pressure. Although comparisons between femoral arterial blood pressure (FABP) and radial arterial blood pressure (RABP) have been reported in adult liver recipients, we compared FABP with RABP in pediatric recipients. METHODS Thirty-five pediatric liver recipients younger than 13 years of age were included in this prospective, observational study. We measured simultaneous FABP and RABP in the femoral and radial arteries at nine time points during the procedure, including: baseline (after anesthetic induction); 1 hour thereafter; 30 minutes after the beginning of the anhepatic period as well as 0, 1, 3, 5, 15, and 60 minutes after graft reperfusion. RESULTS Of the 35 pediatric liver recipients, 2 infants and 1 13-month-old child were excluded from the analysis because of radial arterial catheter malfunction. The remaining 32 patients including 16 infants and 16 children all showed significantly higher systolic and mean FABP than RABP during most stages of pediatric OLT. Overall diastolic FABP measurements were similar to diastolic RABP throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS Systolic and mean FABP were significantly higher than RABP during most stages of pediatric OLT. Radial arterial catheter malfunctions were not uncommon during pediatric OLT. Our results indicated that it is useful to cannulate the femoral artery to accurately and reliably measure arterial blood pressure to detect hemodynamic instability during pediatric OLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Lee SM, Kim WH, Ahn HJ, Kim JA, Yang MK, Lee CH, Lee JH, Kim YR, Choi JW. The effects of prolonged inspiratory time during one-lung ventilation: a randomised controlled trial. Anaesthesia 2013; 68:908-16. [PMID: 23789714 DOI: 10.1111/anae.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of a prolonged inspiratory time on gas exchange in subjects undergoing one-lung ventilation for thoracic surgery. One hundred patients were randomly assigned to Group I:E = 1:2 or Group I:E = 1:1. Arterial blood gas analysis and respiratory mechanics measurements were performed 10 min after anaesthesia induction, 30 and 60 min after initiation of one-lung ventilation, and 15 min after restoration of conventional two-lung ventilation. The mean (SD) ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen after 60 min of one-lung ventilation was significantly lower in Group I:E = 1:2 compared with Group I:E = 1:1 (27.7 (13.2) kPa vs 35.2 (22.1) kPa, respectively, p = 0.043). Mean (SD) physiological dead space-to-tidal volume ratio after 60 min of one-lung ventilation was significantly higher in Group I:E = 1:2 compared with Group I:E = 1:1 (0.46 (0.04) vs 0.43 (0.04), respectively, p = 0.008). Median (IQR [range]) peak inspiratory pressure was higher in Group I:E = 1:2 compared with Group I:E = 1:1 after 60 min of one-lung ventilation (23 (22-25 [18-29]) cmH2O vs 20 (18-21 [16-27]) cmH2O, respectively, p < 0.001) and median (IQR [range]) mean airway pressure was lower in Group I:E = 1:2 compared with Group I:E = 1:1 (10 (8-11 [5-15]) cmH2O vs 11 (10-13 [5-16]) cmH2O, respectively, p < 0.001). We conclude that, compared with an I:E ratio of 1:2, an I:E ratio of 1:1 resulted in a modest improvement in oxygenation and decreased shunt fraction during one-lung ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lee
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Goh EJ, Kim KS, Kim YR, Jung HS, Beack S, Kong WH, Scarcelli G, Yun SH, Hahn SK. Bioimaging of hyaluronic acid derivatives using nanosized carbon dots. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2554-61. [PMID: 22804331 DOI: 10.1021/bm300796q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanosized carbon dots (Cdots) are an emerging bioimaging agent with excellent chemical inertness and marginal cytotoxicity in comparison to widely used semiconductor quantum dots. In this work, we report the application of Cdots for real time bioimaging of target specific delivery of hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) diamine-capped Cdots were synthesized by the pyrolysis of citric acid in a hot solvent. The synthesized Cdots showed strong fluorescence under UV excitation with emission properties dependending on the excitation wavelength. HA-Cdot conjugates were synthesized by amide bond formation between amine groups of Cdot and carboxylic groups of HA. After confirmation of the negligible cytotoxicity of Cdots and HA-Cdot conjugates, in vitro bioimaging was carried out for target specific intracellular delivery of the HA-Cdot conjugates by HA receptor-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, in vivo real-time bioimaging of Cdots and HA-Cdot conjugates exhibited the target specific delivery of HA-Cdot conjugates to the liver with abundant HA receptors. Taken together, we could confirm the feasibility of HA derivatives as a target-specific drug delivery carrier for the treatment of liver diseases and Cdots as a promising bioimaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Goh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk, Korea
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Kim HJ, Kwak HK, Lee J, Yun YJ, Lee JS, Lee MS, Min SY, Park SK, Kang HS, Maeng YH, Kim SY, Kim SY, Kook YH, Kim YR, Lee KH. Patterns of pncA mutations in drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from patients in South Korea. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 16:98-103. [PMID: 22236853 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrazinamide (PZA), one of the most effective anti-tuberculosis drugs, becomes toxic to Mycobacterium tuberculosis when converted to pyrazinoic acid by pyrazinamidase (PZase). PZA resistance is caused mainly by the loss of enzyme activity by mutation. OBJECTIVE To investigate the patterns of pncA mutations in PZA-resistant mycobacteria isolated from South Korean patients. METHODS Mycobacterial isolates with clinically proven drug resistance were cultured to determine susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis agents. pncA mutations were recognised by sequencing and compared with the relevant wild-type DNA sequence. RESULTS Among 108 isolates, 102 were successfully cultured and underwent drug susceptibility testing; all were multidrug-resistant (MDR). pncA mutations were found in 86 cultured isolates (85.1%): 55 (84.6%) in MDR and 31 (86.1%) in extensively drug-resistant isolates. Substitution of a single nucleotide was most common. The most frequent mutations were a deletion that caused a frameshift at nucleotide (nt) 71, a substitution at nt 403 and a substitution at nt 11. Combined, these accounted for ≈ 40% of all mutations. However, 15 samples (14.9%) with defective PZase activity showed no mutation. CONCLUSION pncA mutation in M. tuberculosis is a major mechanism of PZA resistance in MDR isolates from patients in South Korea. The patterns of mutation might be more scattered and diverse. DNA-based diagnosis of PZA resistance has potential for the rapid detection of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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Kim HR, Lee SA, Kim HJ, Kong MH, Kim YR, Kang SH, Lee KH, Leng L, Lee BJ, Park CG, Kook YH, Kim BJ, Bucala R. Elevated levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in women with metabolic syndrome. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:642-5. [PMID: 21823060 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1283150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex clinical disorder characterized by obesity, a disturbance of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, leading to increased cardiovascular risk. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced both by innate immune cells and by adipocytes, and it plays an important role in inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. The goal of this study was to evaluate the expression of circulating MIF in patients with metabolic syndrome. A study was conducted involving 172 persons who attended the Jeju National University Hospital Health Promotion Center. Among the 172 subjects, 88 patients with metabolic syndrome and 84 healthy control subjects were included. Serum MIF levels were considerably higher in patients with metabolic syndrome than in healthy subjects (mean±SEM, 1413.0-pg/ml±102.6 vs. 1077.0-pg/ml±-91.3, p=0.016). Among the metabolic syndrome patients, MIF levels were significantly increased in women (1403.0-pg/ml±114.2 vs. 921.3 pg/ml±117.3, p=0.005), but not in men. Even after further linear regression adjustment for age and body mass index, the expression of MIF for women with metabolic syndrome was still clearly elevated when compared to healthy subjects (p=0.011). Circulating MIF concentrations showed a gender disparity between healthy and metabolic syndrome subjects. An elevation of systemic MIF in women with metabolic syndrome may contribute to pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome or to the development of metabolic syndrome-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H- R Kim
- Department of Anatomy and SNUMRC, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jang HB, Kim YR, Cha IS, Noh SW, Park SB, Ohtani M, Hikima J, Aoki T, Jung TS. Detection of antigenic proteins expressed by lymphocystis virus as vaccine candidates in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel). J Fish Dis 2011; 34:555-562. [PMID: 21675997 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Although the major capsid proteins (MCPs) of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) have been characterized, little is known about the host-derived immune response to MCPs and other LCDV antigenic proteins. To identify antigenic proteins of LCDV that could be used as vaccine candidates in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, we analysed the viral proteins responsible for its virulence by applying immuno-proteomics. LCDV proteins were separated by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis, transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, and probed with homogeneous P. olivaceus antisera elicited by LCDV natural infection and vaccination with formalin-killed LCDV. Four immune-reactive proteins were obtained at 68-, 51-, 41- and 21 kDa using antisera collected from natural infection while two proteins at 51- and 21 kDa exhibited response to antisera from vaccinated fish, indicating that the latter two proteins have vaccine potential. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nanoelectrospray MS/MS, the 51 and 21 kDa proteins were identified as MCP and an unknown protein, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Jang
- Aquatic Biotechnology Center of WCU Project, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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Kim J, Song J, Lyu CJ, Kim YR, Oh SH, Choi YC, Yoo JH, Choi JR, Kim H, Lee KA. Population-specific spectrum of the F11 mutations in Koreans: evidence for a founder effect. Clin Genet 2011; 82:180-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Noh SH, Park DH, Kim YR, Chun YH, Song TJ, Moon SH, Lee SS, Seo DW, Lee SK, Kim MH. Peroral direct cholangioscopic-guided biopsy and photodynamic therapy using an ultraslim upper endoscope for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma with intraductal tiny nodular tumor growth. Gut Liver 2010; 4:398-401. [PMID: 20981221 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2010.4.3.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile-duct invasion is rare in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We report a case that received peroral direct cholangioscopy (PDCS)-guided endoscopic biopsy and photodynamic treatment (PDT) for recurrent HCC with intraductal tiny nodular tumor growth. A 64-year-old woman presented with recurrent right upper-quadrant pain. Six months previously she had been diagnosed with HCC with bile-duct invasion in the right anterior segment and had received right anterior segmentectomy. On pathological examination, the margin of resection was clear, but macroscopic bile-duct invasion was noted. On admission, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) revealed a 0.5-cm-sized polypoid mass at the hilar portion. ERCP-guided biopsy failed, and an ampullary stricture was noted. PDCS-guided endoscopic biopsy was thus performed, and histopathology of the retrieved specimen revealed HCC. The patient submitted to PDT. There was no procedure-related complication. After 1 month of PDT the polypoid lesion and scar change at the hilar lesion had disappeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hui Noh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Noh SH, Park DH, Kim YR, Chun Y, Lee HC, Lee SO, Lee SS, Seo DW, Lee SK, Kim MH. EUS-guided drainage of hepatic abscesses not accessible to percutaneous drainage (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 71:1314-9. [PMID: 20400078 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2009.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, percutaneous drainage is the first treatment of choice for hepatic abscesses because of its high success and low mortality rates compared with other surgical procedures. However, percutaneous drainage of hepatic abscesses in the caudate lobe or gastrohepatic space may be difficult. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the technical feasibility and clinical implication of EUS-guided drainage for hepatic abscesses not accessible to percutaneous biliary drainage. DESIGN Single-center prospective case series. SETTING Academic tertiary referral center. PATIENTS This study involved 3 consecutive patients with hepatic abscesses not accessible to percutaneous biliary drainage: 2 in the caudate lobe and 1 in the gastrohepatic extension from the posteromedial aspect of the lateral segment. INTERVENTIONS EUS-guided drainage with a plastic stent and/or nasocystic tube was conducted using a therapeutic linear-array echoendoscope under endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance. RESULTS The EUS-guided transgastric approach was performed in 2 patients (1 in the caudate lobe, and 1 in the gastrohepatic space). In the other patient (caudate lobe), EUS-guided transduodenal drainage was conducted. EUS-guided drainage with the placement of a plastic stent and/or nasocystic tube was successful in all of the patients. Complete resolution of the hepatic abscesses and symptom relief were achieved in all of the patients (3 out of 3, 100%). No procedural complications were observed. Follow-up results were also favorable. LIMITATIONS Small series of cases. CONCLUSIONS For this case series, EUS-guided drainage of hepatic abscesses not accessible to percutaneous drainage, such as those in the caudate lobe or gastrohepatic space, is technically feasible, safe, and provides complete drainage, symptom relief, and favorable follow-up results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hui Noh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
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Park KS, Lee JL, Ahn H, Koh JM, Park I, Choi JS, Kim YR, Park TS, Ahn JH, Lee DH, Kim TW, Lee JS. Sunitinib, a novel therapy for anthracycline- and cisplatin-refractory malignant pheochromocytoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2009; 39:327-31. [PMID: 19264767 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyp005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of malignant pheochromocytoma recurred after debulking surgery. A 17-year-old male patient visited our hospital for right flank pain. He had not experienced palpitations, headache, sweating or weight loss. Level of urinary catecholamine and its metabolite increased above normal values and abdominal computed tomography showed a huge right adrenal mass. One month after debulking surgery, anterior mediastinal and multiple liver metastases were found. These tumors had no response to two conventional regimens of combination chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, dacarbazine and anthracycline; and etoposide and cisplatin). We treated the patient with sunitinib, a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The tumor showed very good metabolic response to the therapy. In patient with malignant pheochromocytoma, sunitinib might be one therapeutic strategy for malignant pheochromocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Sun Park
- Department of Oncology and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim YR, Tejima E, Huang S, Atochin DN, Dai G, Lo EH, Huang PL, Bogdanov A, Rosen BR. In vivo quantification of transvascular water exchange during the acute phase of permanent stroke. Magn Reson Med 2009; 60:813-21. [PMID: 18816832 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms that underlie early ischemic damages to the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) are not well understood. This study presents a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique using a widely available pulse sequence and a long-circulating intravascular contrast agent to quantify water movements across the BBB at early stages of stroke progression. We characterized the integrity of the BBB by measuring the flip angle dependence of the water exchange-affected MRI signal intensity, to generate an efficient quantitative index of vascular permeability (WEI, or water exchange index). We performed in vivo MRI experiments to measure the transvascular WEI immediately after the permanent filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery of mice (n = 5), in which we monitored changes in blood volume (V(b)), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and intra-/extravascular WEI for 4 hours. Statistically significant elevations (P < 0.05) of WEI in the ischemic tissue were observed as early as 1 hour after ischemic onset. Initial reduction of the apparent blood volume (V(app)) in the infarct cortex was followed by a continuous increase of V(app) over time. Although the measured ADC in the ipsilesional cortex continuously decreased, the abnormally high intra-/extravascular WEI remained constant at a significantly elevated level, indicating apparent BBB injury at this early stage of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Kim
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging/Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charleston, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
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Park TS, Kim DY, Park SJ, Kim YR, Na SY, Park JW, Oh DW, Choi JS, Jo JM, Chang Y, Kim WY, Choi CM. A Case of Sarcoidosis with Pancytopenia as Resulting from Bone Marrow Involvement. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2009. [DOI: 10.4046/trd.2009.67.6.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tai Sun Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Young Kim
- Department of Hematology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yi Rang Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Young Na
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Seok Choi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Jo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youjin Chang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Young Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Min Choi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Kim YJ, Kim SI, Wie SH, Kim YR, Hur JA, Choi JY, Yoon SK, Moon IS, Kim DG, Lee MD, Kang MW. Infectious complications in living-donor liver transplant recipients: a 9-year single-center experience. Transpl Infect Dis 2008; 10:316-24. [PMID: 18507752 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2008.00315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious complications following living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We analyzed the frequency and type of infectious complications according to the post-transplantation period, and their risk factors with regard to morbidity and mortality. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 208 subjects who had undergone LDLT during a 9-year period. RESULTS The rate of infection was 1.69 per patient during the study period. The predominant infections were intra-abdominal infections (37.6%), primary bacteremia (17.4%), and pneumonia (14.5%). Within the first post-transplant month, 140 (39.9%) infections were detected, and catheter-related coagulase-negative staphylococci (44) were the most common infectious agents. During the 2-6-month post-transplant period, 109 infectious episodes occurred (31.1%), and Enterococcus sp. (n=16) related to biliary infection was the most frequent isolate. After the sixth month, 96 infectious episodes (29%) occurred, and biliary tract-related Escherichia coli (n=19) was the major causative organism. The overall mortality was 24.5% (51/208); 1-year survival rate was 88% (196/208). Post-transplant infection-related mortality was 52.9% (27/51). Biliary tract complications, such as biliary stenosis or leakage, significantly increased the mortality (P=0.01); however, reoperation (retransplantation or resurgery for biliary tract obstruction/leakage or to control bleeding) significantly reduced the mortality (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that early catheter removal would mainly aid in reducing infectious complications in the 1-month post-transplantation period. Aggressive management, including reoperation, would lower the mortality in the LDLT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shin GW, Palaksha KJ, Kim YR, Nho SW, Cho JH, Heo NE, Heo GJ, Park SC, Jung TS. Immunoproteomic analysis of capsulate and non-capsulate strains of Lactococcus garvieae. Vet Microbiol 2007; 119:205-12. [PMID: 16997511 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A comparative immunoproteomic study was carried out to investigate the immunogenicity of capsulate (KG9408) and non-capsulate (NSS9310) strains of Lactococcus garvieae. Immunoblot assays, following two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) for L. garvieae strains, revealed a significant difference between anti-capsulate and anti-non-capsulate rabbit sera with respect to the number and antigenicity of antigenic spots. Anti-capsulate and anti-non-capsulate rabbit sera reacted with an average of 72 and 127 antigenic spots, respectively. The strong reaction of anti-non-capsulate sera with elongation factor (EF)-G and -Tu, and GMP synthase, of the L. garvieae strains identifies these as specific major antigens. This study clearly demonstrates the differences in 2-DE immunoblot profiles between the capsulate and non-capsulate strains of L. garvieae. These differences may be the reason for variations in immunogenicity between capsulate and non-capsulate strains. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, arginine deaminase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase were identified from the 2-DE immunoblot profiles of both strains. Therefore, these common antigens are potential markers for the development of vaccines against L. garvieae, irrespective of strain. Immunoproteomics, a powerful tool for studying antigens at the proteomic level, allowed a comparative investigation of the immunogenicity of capsulate and non-capsulate strains of L. garvieae for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Shin
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
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Moon HW, Shin S, Kim HY, Kim YR, Cho HI, Yoon SS, Park S, Kim BK, Chun H, Kim HC, Park CJ, Min YH, Lee DS. Therapeutic use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor could conceal residual malignant cells in patients with AML1/ETO+ acute myelogenous leukemia. Leukemia 2006; 20:1408-13. [PMID: 16791271 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have experienced a number of cases of AML1/ETO+ acute myelogenous leukemia that showed remission based on bone marrow (BM) morphological criteria, but that revealed clonal abnormalities in most cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Interestingly, most of these cases had AML with AML1/ETO rearrangement. The malignant cells were differentiated and considered mature cells after granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment. To clarify the possible mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we investigated the expression levels of G-CSFR in AML cells with AML1/ETO rearrangement by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The number of AML1/ETO+ cells expressing G-CSFR at baseline was significantly higher than that of AML1/ETO- AML cells (2673 vs 522). In addition, the G-CSFR gene was more highly expressed in AML1/ETO+ cells than in AML1/ETO- cells by real-time PCR. This study reveals that cases showing remission after treatment with G-CSF mostly had leukemia with AML1/ETO rearrangement. This finding might be explained by the higher expression of G-CSF receptor in AML1/ETO+ cells than in AML1/ETO- cells. We recommend that remission should be confirmed by FISH, because malignant clones can be differentiated and masked in morphological examination or chromosome test, especially for AML with AML1/ETO rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Moon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ewha Womens University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hur M, Lee KM, Cho HC, Park YI, Kim SH, Chang YW, Kim YR, Cho HI. Protein 4.1 deficiency and deletion of chromosome 20q are associated with acquired elliptocytosis in myelodysplastic syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 26:69-72. [PMID: 14738441 DOI: 10.1111/j.0141-9854.2003.00583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), associated with prominent elliptocytosis. A 66-year-old male presented with peripheral pancytopenia, and was diagnosed with MDS [refractory anaemia (RA)]. Apart from marked elliptocytosis, dyshaematopoietic features were not evident in his peripheral blood or hypercellular bone marrow. After 18 months, he had progressed to RA with excess blasts in transformation. Analysis of red blood cell membrane proteins by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed a reduced quantity of protein 4.1 (30% of control). Deletion of chromosome 20q was identified by conventional cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Marked elliptocytosis, persistent for more than 17 months, decreased strikingly after chemotherapy with idarubicin and Ara-C. These findings suggest that acquired elliptocytosis occurred as an unusual morphological feature of MDS, associated with abnormalities of protein 4.1 and chromosome 20q.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim YR, Savellano MD, Savellano DH, Weissleder R, Bogdanov A. Measurement of tumor interstitial volume fraction: Method and implication for drug delivery. Magn Reson Med 2004; 52:485-94. [PMID: 15334566 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.20182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It is important to evaluate the tumor interstitial volume fraction that is accessible for drug accumulation during the distribution phase in order to determine the potential efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. In this study, we performed simulations of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity using a two-compartment tissue model for quantitative analyses of absolute interstitial volume measurements while we experimentally characterized a mouse tumor model with a dual MR contrast-agent method. Previously, consecutive intravenous injections of a strictly intravascular T1 contrast agent followed by an extravasating agent were used as a strategy for the quantification of both relative blood volume (Rel_BV) and relative interstitial volume (Rel_ITST) (Weissleder et al. Eur J Cancer 1998;34:1448-1454; Bogdanov et al. Neoplasia 1991;1:438-435). In the current study, we demonstrate that this approach can be further improved, and that it enables one to accurately evaluate both relative and absolute interstitial volumes. The animal data indicated that a significant difference exists between the absolute interstitial volume fractions of subcutaneously implanted MDA PCa 2b tumor and skeletal muscle tissue (27.5 +/- 9.1% and 15.9 +/- 0.7%, respectively (P < 0.05)), while only a minor difference was found for the absolute blood volumes (Abs_BV) (Kim et al. Magn Reson Med 2002;47:1110-1120) of these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Kim
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129-2060, USA
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Kim YR, Rebro KJ, Schmainda KM. Water exchange and inflow affect the accuracy of T1-GRE blood volume measurements: implications for the evaluation of tumor angiogenesis. Magn Reson Med 2002; 47:1110-20. [PMID: 12111957 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.10175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the degree to which vascular water exchange and blood flowing into an imaging slice affect the accuracy of blood volume measurements of brain and tumor tissue when using intravascular T(1) contrast agents. The study was performed using 2D and 3D gradient-echo imaging sequences, since these are two of the most commonly used MRI methods used to evaluate tissue blood volume fraction. Computer simulations were performed and measurements made in a rat 9L gliosarcoma brain tumor model. The computer simulations demonstrate that, with either water exchange or inflow effects alone, the dependence on the physiologic and imaging parameters can be well characterized and therefore potentially offset. In the exchange only case, the parametric dependence of 3D simulations suggest that the best accuracy is achieved with high flip angles, short TR, and low blood contrast agent concentrations. However, for a 2D GRE sequence which is influenced by both water exchange and inflow, the simulations predict that the error trend as a function of the imaging and physiologic parameters is unpredictable and therefore difficult to compensate. With both 2D and 3D GRE the measured blood volume data in rat brain and tumor tissue demonstrate tissue-specific trends, which reflect differences in the considered physiologic parameters. The experimental data strongly support the computer simulations and also indicate that minimization of the physiological effects by proper selection of imaging parameters, contrast concentration, and volume calculation methods is crucial for accurate assessment of absolute blood volume fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Kim
- Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-0509, USA
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether the polymorphisms of the CTLA-4 exon 1 (+49) and promoter (-318) are associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its clinical features. Polymerase chain reaction of genomic DNA-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine genotypes of the CTLA-4 exon 1 (+49) and promoter (-318) in 80 SLE patients and 86 healthy control subjects. The genotype distribution of the CTLA-4 exon 1 (+49) differed between SLE patients and controls (chi2 = 6.74, 2 degrees of freedom (d.f.), P = 0.03). The CTLA-4 AG genotype occurred more frequently in patients with SLE (46.3% vs 33.7% controls). On the other hand, the CTLA-4 AA genotype as well as the CTLA-4 GG genotype was less frequent among SLE patients than among control subjects (1.3% vs 9.3% and 52.5% vs 57.0%, respectively). The genotype distribution of the CTLA-4 promoter (-318) differed between SLE patients and control subjects (CT, TT, CC; genotypes 27.5%, 0%, 72.5% vs 16.3%, 4.7%, 79.1% controls respectively, chi2 = 6.36, 2 d.f., P = 0.04). However, Fischer's exact or chi2 P-values for each genotypes of the CTLA-4 exon 1 (+49) and promoter (-318) between SLE and control group were > 0.05. Clinically, in the lupus patients there was no significant difference according to the CTLA-4 polymorphisms. In conclusion, no correlation was found between CTLA-4 exon 1 (+49) and promoter (-318) polymorphisms and SLE in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lee
- Department of Intemal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul
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Abstract
An absence of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP, protein; CETP, gene) results in an increase of the apolipoprotein AI levels and a decrease in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Thus, the CETP polymorphism is important in the assessment of risk of atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to elucidate the genotype distributions of the CETP polymorphism and association with plasma lipid levels in Koreans. The genotypes of the TaqI A and B polymorphic loci were associated with plasma triglyceride levels in the control and coronary artery disease (CAD) groups. There was linkage disequilibrium between TaqI A and B loci in the control group (chi2 = 5.58, p < 0.05). Association studies of the CETP polymorphism have been carried out mainly with Caucasian populations; however, the results have not been consistent among different populations. A possible explanation for this diversity among populations may be differences in genetic backgrounds, which may be more important than environmental factors. We discuss the reasons for the incompatibility of the CETP polymorphism among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
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Sung YH, Hong HD, Cheong C, Kim JH, Cho JM, Kim YR, Lee W. Folding and stability of sweet protein single-chain monellin. An insight to protein engineering. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:44229-38. [PMID: 11517219 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104239200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered single-chain monellin (SCM) proteins were constructed by recombinant technology without disrupting the topology and sweet activity of native protein. Data from 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid fluorescence, size-exclusion chromatography, and heteronuclear NMR strongly suggest the presence of a folding intermediate at 1.5 m GdnHCl for SCM protein. The structural feature of the folding intermediate from NMR data reveals that the secondary structures became mostly unstable, and protein experiences a dynamic equilibrium between native and unfolded state. All backbone amide protons exchange within 10 min, which imply that no stable hydrogen bonds exist in the secondary structural regions in the folding intermediate. From equilibrium unfolding and mutagenesis studies, the unfolding transition midpoints of mutant proteins gradually shifted toward lower denaturant concentration, indicating stability reductions of mutant proteins. Our results suggest that stability and folding pathways of SCM proteins could be regulated by a combined study of spectroscopy and mutagenesis, and these studies will provide useful information for understanding the folding kinetics of novel engineered proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Protein Network Research Center, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-740, Science Town, Taejon 305-380, Korea
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