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Ekmekcioglu A, Gok O, Oz-Arslan D, Erdal MS, Yagan Uzuner Y, Muftuoglu M. Mitochondria-Targeted Liposomes for Drug Delivery to Tumor Mitochondria. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:950. [PMID: 39065647 PMCID: PMC11280384 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The special bilayer structure of mitochondrion is a promising therapeutic target in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as cancer and metabolic diseases. Nanocarriers such as liposomes modified with mitochondriotropic moieties can be developed to send therapeutic molecules to mitochondria. In this study, DSPE-PEG-TPP polymer conjugate was synthesized and used to prepare mitochondria-targeted liposomes (TPPLs) to improve the therapeutic index of chemotherapeutic agents functioning in mitochondria and reduce their side effects. Doxorubicin (Dox) loaded-TPPL and non-targeted PEGylated liposomes (PPLs) were prepared and compared based on physicochemical properties, morphology, release profile, cellular uptake, mitochondrial localization, and anticancer effects. All formulations were spherically shaped with appropriate size, dispersity, and zeta potential. The stability of the liposomes was favorable for two months at 4 °C. TPPLs localize to mitochondria, whereas PPLs do not. The empty TPPLs and PPLs were not cytotoxic to HCT116 cells. The release kinetics of Dox-loaded liposomes showed that Dox released from TPPLs was higher at pH 5.6 than at pH 7.4, which indicates a higher accumulation of the released drug in the tumor environment. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of Dox-loaded TPPLs and PPLs was 1.62-fold and 1.17-fold lower than that of free Dox due to sustained drug release, respectively. The reactive oxygen species level was significantly increased when HCT116 cells were treated with Dox-loaded TPPLs. In conclusion, TPPLs may be promising carriers for targeted drug delivery to tumor mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Ekmekcioglu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ozgul Gok
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Devrim Oz-Arslan
- School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Meryem Sedef Erdal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Yasemin Yagan Uzuner
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Meltem Muftuoglu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey;
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Tamtögl A, Sacchi M, Schwab V, Koza MM, Fouquet P. Molecular motion of a nanoscopic moonlander via translations and rotations of triphenylphosphine on graphite. Commun Chem 2024; 7:78. [PMID: 38582953 PMCID: PMC10998885 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mass transport at surfaces determines the kinetics of processes such as heterogeneous catalysis and thin-film growth, with the diffusivity being controlled by excitation across a translational barrier. Here, we use neutron spectroscopy to follow the nanoscopic motion of triphenylphosphine (P(C6H5)3 or PPh3) adsorbed on exfoliated graphite. Together with force-field molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the motion is similar to that of a molecular motor, i.e. PPh3 rolls over the surface with an almost negligible activation energy for rotations and motion of the phenyl groups and a comparably small activation energy for translation. While rotations and intramolecular motion dominate up to about 300 K, the molecules follow an additional translational jump-motion across the surface from 350-500 K. The unique behaviour of PPh3 is due to its three-point binding with the surface: Along with van der Waals corrected density functional theory calculations, we illustrate that the adsorption energy of PPh3 increases considerably compared to molecules with flat adsorption geometry, yet the effective diffusion barrier for translational motion increases only slightly. We rationalise these results in terms of molecular symmetry, structure and contact angle, illustrating that the molecular degrees of freedom in larger molecules are intimately connected with the diffusivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tamtögl
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
| | - Marco Sacchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, Guildford, UK
| | - Victoria Schwab
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael M Koza
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Peter Fouquet
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
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Vasileva L, Gaynanova G, Kuznetsova D, Valeeva F, Lyubina A, Amerhanova S, Voloshina A, Sibgatullina G, Samigullin D, Petrov K, Zakharova L. Mitochondria-Targeted Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with Rotenone as a New Approach for the Treatment of Oncological Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:7229. [PMID: 37894708 PMCID: PMC10609561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This research is based on the concept that mitochondria are a promising target for anticancer therapy, including thatassociated with the use of oxidative phosphorylation blockers (mitochondrial poisons). Liposomes based on L-α-phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol (Chol) modified with cationic surfactants with triphenylphosphonium (TPPB-n, where n = 10, 12, 14, and 16) and imidazolium (IA-n(OH), where n = 10, 12, 14, and 16) head groups were obtained. The physicochemical characteristics of liposomes at different surfactant/lipid molar ratios were determined by dynamic/electrophoretic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and spectrophotometry. The hydrodynamic diameter of all the systems was within 120 nm with a polydispersity index of no more than 0.24 even after 2 months of storage. It was shown that cationization of liposomes leads to an increase in the internalization of nanocontainers in pancreatic carcinoma (PANC-1) and duodenal adenocarcinoma (HuTu 80) cells compared with unmodified liposomes. Also, using confocal microscopy, it was shown that liposomes modified with TPPB-14 and IA-14(OH) statistically better colocalize with the mitochondria of tumor cells compared with unmodified ones. At the next stage, the mitochondrial poison rotenone (ROT) was loaded into cationic liposomes. It was shown that the optimal loading concentration of ROT is 0.1 mg/mL. The Korsmeyer-Peppas and Higuchi kinetic models were used to describe the release mechanism of ROT from liposomes in vitro. A significant reduction in the IC50 value for the modified liposomes compared with free ROT was shown and, importantly, a higher degree of selectivity for the HuTu 80 cell line compared with the normal cells (SI value is 307 and 113 for PC/Chol/TPPB-14/ROT and PC/Chol/IA-14(OH)/ROT, respectively) occurred. It was shown that the treatment of HuTu 80 cells with ROT-loaded cationic liposomal formulations leads to a dose-dependent decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leysan Vasileva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Gulnara Gaynanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Darya Kuznetsova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Farida Valeeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Anna Lyubina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Syumbelya Amerhanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Alexandra Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Guzel Sibgatullina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Dmitry Samigullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Konstantin Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Lucia Zakharova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
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Xue Q, Xia Z, Gou W, Bu J, Li J, Xiao H, Qu Y. Identification and Origination of the O*-Dominated β-NiOOH Intermediates with High Intrinsic Activity for Electrocatalytic Alcohol Oxidation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Xue
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Poly technical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Zhaoming Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wangyan Gou
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Poly technical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jun Bu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Poly technical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Poly technical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Hai Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongquan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Poly technical University, Xi’an 710072, China
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Jena H, Ahmadi Z, Kumar P, Dhawan G. Bioreducible polyethylenimine core-shell nanostructures as efficient and non-toxic gene and drug delivery vectors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 69:116886. [PMID: 35749840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight branched polyethylenimine (LMW bPEIs 1.8 kDa) have received considerable attention for the fabrication of nucleic acid carriers due to their biocompatible and non-toxic nature. However, due to the inadequate nucleic acid complexation ability and transportation across the cell membrane, these show poor transfection efficacy, limiting their clinical applications. Therefore, to overcome these challenges, in this study, we have grafted bPEI 1.8 kDa with a disulfide bond containing hydrophobic moiety, 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionic acid (PDPA), via amide linkages through EDC/NHS-mediated coupling to obtain N-[3-(2-pyridyldithio)] propionoyl polyethylenimine (PDPP) conjugates. The best formulation for nucleic acid transfection was evaluated after preparing a series of PDPP conjugates by varying the amount of PDPA. In an aqueous environment, these PDPP conjugates self-assembled to form spherical shaped core-shell PDPP nanostructures with size ranging from ∼188-307 nm and zeta-potential from ∼ +3 to +19 mV. The positively charged surface of the core-shell nanocomposites helps in the binding of plasmid DNA (pDNA), its transportation inside the cell, and protection against enzymes. Evaluation of PDPP/pDNA complexes on mammalian cells revealed that all these complexes showed significantly improved transfection efficacy without hampering cytocompatibility. Amongst all, the pDNA complex of PDPP-2 exhibited the best transfection efficiency (i.e. >6-fold) in comparison to pDNA complex of the native bPEI. The nanocomposites exhibited the redox responsive behavior advantageous for therapeutic delivery to the tumor cells. The core of the nanostructures facilitate the encapsulation of a hydrophobic model drug, ornidazole. In vitro drug release analysis showed a faster release rate in response to a reductant mimicking the cellular environment. Altogether, these nanostructures have great potential to co-deliver both drug and gene simultaneously in response to tumor cell reductive microenvironment in vitro and could be used as the next-generation delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jena
- Department of Biomedical Science, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Z Ahmadi
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - P Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - G Dhawan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India; Delhi School of Skill Enhancement & Entrepreneuship Development, Institute of Eminence, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
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6
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González-Rubio S, Salgado C, Manzaneda-González V, Muñoz-Úbeda M, Ahijado-Guzmán R, Natale P, Almendro-Vedia VG, Junquera E, Barcina JO, Ferrer I, Guerrero-Martínez A, Paz-Ares L, López-Montero I. Tunable gold nanorod/NAO conjugates for selective drug delivery in mitochondria-targeted cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8028-8040. [PMID: 35616261 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02353a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonyl acridine orange (NAO) is a lipophilic and positively charged molecule widely used as a mitochondrial fluorescent probe. NAO is cytotoxic at micromolar concentration and might be potentially used as a mitochondria-targeted drug for cancer therapy. However, the use of NAO under in vivo conditions would be compromised by the unspecific interactions with off-target cells and negatively charged proteins present in the bloodstream. To tackle this limitation, we have synthesized NAO analogues carrying an imidazole group for their specific binding to nitrilotriacetic (NTA) functionalized gold nanorods (AuNRs). We demonstrate that AuNRs provide 104 binding sites and a controlled delivery under acidic conditions. Upon incubation with mouse embryonic fibroblasts, the endosomal acidic environment releases the NAO analogues from AuNRs, as visualized through the staining of the mitochondrial network. The addition of the monoclonal antibody Cetuximab to the conjugates enhanced their uptake within lung cancer cells and the conjugates were cytotoxic at subnanomolar concentrations (c50 ≈ 0.06 nM). Moreover, the specific interactions of Cetuximab with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) provided a specific targeting of EGFR-expressing lung cancer cells. After intravenous administration in patient-derived xenografts (PDX) mouse models, the conjugates reduced the progression of EGFR-positive tumors. Overall, the NAO-AuNRs provide a promising strategy to realize membrane mitochondria-targeted conjugates for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio González-Rubio
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cástor Salgado
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Manzaneda-González
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Úbeda
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rubén Ahijado-Guzmán
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paolo Natale
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor G Almendro-Vedia
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Junquera
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Osío Barcina
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Ciberonc, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Guerrero-Martínez
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Ciberonc, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván López-Montero
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Ps. Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Sun S, Yang Y, Niu H, Luo M, Wu ZS. Design and application of DNA nanostructures for organelle-targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:707-723. [PMID: 35618266 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2083603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA nanostructures targeting organelles are of great significance for the early diagnosis and precise therapy of human cancers. This review is expected to promote the development of DNA nanostructure-based cancer treatment with organelle-level precision in the future. AREAS COVERED In this review, we introduce the different principles for targeting organelles, summarize the progresses in the development of organelle-targeting DNA nanostructures, highlight their advantages and applications in disease treatment, and discuss current challenges and future prospects. EXPERT OPINION Accurate targeting is a basic problem for effective cancer treatment. However, current DNA nanostructures cannot meet the actual needs. Targeting specific organelles is expected to further improve the therapeutic effect and overcome tumor cell resistance, thereby holding great practical significance for tumor treatment in the clinic. With the deepening of the research on the molecular mechanism of disease development, especially on tumorigenesis and tumor progression, and increasing understanding of the behavior of biological materials in living cells, more versatile DNA nanostructures will be constructed to target subcellular organelles for drug delivery, essentially promoting the early diagnosis of cancers, classification, precise therapy and the estimation of prognosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Sun
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 305108, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 305108, China
| | - Huimin Niu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 305108, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Mengxue Luo
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 305108, China
| | - Zai-Sheng Wu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 305108, China
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8
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Hu T, Qin Z, Shen C, Gong HL, He ZY. Multifunctional Mitochondria-Targeting Nanosystems for Enhanced Anticancer Efficacy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:786621. [PMID: 34900973 PMCID: PMC8652136 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.786621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, a kind of subcellular organelle, play crucial roles in cancer cells as an energy source and as a generator of reactive substrates, which concern the generation, proliferation, drug resistance, and other functions of cancer. Therefore, precise delivery of anticancer agents to mitochondria can be a novel strategy for enhanced cancer treatment. Mitochondria have a four-layer structure with a high negative potential, which thereby prevents many molecules from reaching the mitochondria. Luckily, the advances in nanosystems have provided enormous hope to overcome this challenge. These nanosystems include liposomes, nanoparticles, and nanomicelles. Here, we summarize the very latest developments in mitochondria-targeting nanomedicines in cancer treatment as well as focus on designing multifunctional mitochondria-targeting nanosystems based on the latest nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han-Lin Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Yao He
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Noy JM, Chen F, Stenzel M. Post-functionalization of drug-loaded nanoparticles prepared by polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) with mitochondria targeting ligands. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2302-2314. [PMID: 34621393 PMCID: PMC8450966 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the postfunctionalization of different non-fouling PISA particles, prepared from either poly(oligo ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) (pPEGMA) and the anticancer drug PENAO (4-(N-(S-penicillaminylacetyl)amino)phenylarsenonous acid) or zwitterionic 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and PENAO were reported. Both PISA particles were reacted with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) as mitochondria targeting units in order to evaluate the changes in cellular uptake or the toxicity of the conjugated arsenic drug. Attachment of TPP onto the PISA particles however was found not to enhance the mitochondrial accumulation, but it did influence overall the biological activity of pMPC-based particles in 2D and 3D cultured sarcoma SW982 cells. When TPP was conjugated to the pMPC PISA particles more cellular uptake as well as better spheroid penetration were observed, while TPP on PEG-based PISA had only little effect. It was hypothesized that TPP on the micelle surface may not be accessible enough to allow mitochondria targeting, but more structural investigations are required to elucidate this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina-Miriam Noy
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Fan Chen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina Stenzel
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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Mani S, Swargiary G, Tyagi S, Singh M, Jha NK, Singh KK. Nanotherapeutic approaches to target mitochondria in cancer. Life Sci 2021; 281:119773. [PMID: 34192595 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of cancer cells exemplifies a difficult test in the light of challenges associated with the nature of cancer cells and the severe side effects too. After making a large number of trials using both traditional and advanced therapies (immunotherapy and hormone therapy), approaches to design new therapies have reached a saturation level. However, nanotechnology-based approaches exhibit higher efficacy and great potential to bypass many of such therapeutic limitations. Because of their higher target specificity, the use of nanoparticles offers incredible potential in cancer therapeutics. Mitochondria, acting as a factory of energy production in cells, reveal an important role in the death as well as the survival of cells. Because of its significant involvement in the proliferation of cancer cells, it is being regarded as an important target for cancer therapeutics. Numerous studies reveal that nanotechnology-based approaches to directly target the mitochondria may help in improving the survival rate of cancer patients. In the current study, we have detailed the significance of mitochondria in the development of cancer phenotype, as well as indicated it as the potential targets for cancer therapy. Our study further highlights the importance of different nanoparticle-based approaches to target mitochondria of cancer cells and the associated outcomes of different studies. Though, nanotechnology-based approaches to target mitochondria of cancer cells demonstrate a potential and efficient way in cancer therapeutics. Yet, further study is needed to overcome the linked limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India.
| | - Geeta Swargiary
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India
| | - Sakshi Tyagi
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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11
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S Allemailem K, Almatroudi A, Alsahli MA, Aljaghwani A, M El-Kady A, Rahmani AH, Khan AA. Novel Strategies for Disrupting Cancer-Cell Functions with Mitochondria-Targeted Antitumor Drug-Loaded Nanoformulations. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3907-3936. [PMID: 34135584 PMCID: PMC8200140 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s303832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Any variation in normal cellular function results in mitochondrial dysregulation that occurs in several diseases, including cancer. Such processes as oxidative stress, metabolism, signaling, and biogenesis play significant roles in cancer initiation and progression. Due to their central role in cellular metabolism, mitochondria are favorable therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of conditions like neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Subcellular mitochondria-specific theranostic nanoformulations for simultaneous targeting, drug delivery, and imaging of these organelles are of immense interest in cancer therapy. It is a challenging task to cross multiple barriers to target mitochondria in diseased cells. To overcome these multiple barriers, several mitochondriotropic nanoformulations have been engineered for the transportation of mitochondria-specific drugs. These nanoformulations include liposomes, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and inorganic NPs. These nanoformulations are made mitochondriotropic by conjugating them with moieties like dequalinium, Mito-Porter, triphenylphosphonium, and Mitochondria-penetrating peptides. Most of these nanoformulations are meticulously tailored to control their size, charge, shape, mitochondriotropic drug loading, and specific cell-membrane interactions. Recently, some novel mitochondria-selective antitumor compounds known as mitocans have shown high toxicity against cancer cells. These selective compounds form vicious oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species cycles within cancer cells and ultimately push them to cell death. Nanoformulations approved by the FDA and EMA for clinical applications in cancer patients include Doxil, NK105, and Abraxane. The novel use of these NPs still faces tremendous challenges and an immense amount of research is needed to understand the proper mechanisms of cancer progression and control by these NPs. Here in this review, we summarize current advancements and novel strategies of delivering different anticancer therapeutic agents to mitochondria with the help of various nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aseel Aljaghwani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M El-Kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Zong L, Wang H, Hou X, Fu L, Wang P, Xu H, Yu W, Dai Y, Qiao Y, Wang X, Yuan Q, Pang X, Han G, Pu X. A novel GSH-triggered polymeric nanomicelles for reversing MDR and enhancing antitumor efficiency of hydroxycamptothecin. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120528. [PMID: 33781880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main reasons for the failure of clinical chemotherapy. Here, a bio-responsive anti-drug-resistant polymer micelle that can respond to the reductive GSH in the tumor microenvironment (TME) for delivery of HCPT was designed. A new type of polymer with anti-drug resistance and anti-tumor effect was synthesized and used to encapsulated HCPT to form reduction-sensitive micelles (PDSAH) by a thin-film dispersion method. It is demonstrated that the micelle formulation improves the anti-tumor activity and biosafety of HCPT, and also plays a significant role in reversing the drug resistance, which contributes to inhibiting the tumor growth and prolonging the survival time of H22 tumor-bearing mice. The results indicate that this nanoplatform can serve as a flexible and powerful system for delivery of other drugs that are tolerated by tumors or bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Zong
- Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xianqiao Hou
- Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Like Fu
- Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Peirong Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Hongliang Xu
- Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Wenjie Yu
- Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yuxin Dai
- Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yonghui Qiao
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xiaobin Pang
- Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Guang Han
- Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Xiaohui Pu
- Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
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13
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Slor G, Olea AR, Pujals S, Tigrine A, De La Rosa VR, Hoogenboom R, Albertazzi L, Amir RJ. Judging Enzyme-Responsive Micelles by Their Covers: Direct Comparison of Dendritic Amphiphiles with Different Hydrophilic Blocks. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1197-1210. [PMID: 33512161 PMCID: PMC7944483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Enzymatically
degradable polymeric micelles have great potential
as drug delivery systems, allowing the selective release of their
active cargo at the site of disease. Furthermore, enzymatic degradation
of the polymeric nanocarriers facilitates clearance of the delivery
system after it has completed its task. While extensive research is
dedicated toward the design and study of the enzymatically degradable
hydrophobic block, there is limited understanding on how the hydrophilic
shell of the micelle can affect the properties of such enzymatically
degradable micelles. In this work, we report a systematic head-to-head
comparison of well-defined polymeric micelles with different polymeric
shells and two types of enzymatically degradable hydrophobic cores.
To carry out this direct comparison, we developed a highly modular
approach for preparing clickable, spectrally active enzyme-responsive
dendrons with adjustable degree of hydrophobicity. The dendrons were
linked with three different widely used hydrophilic polymers—poly(ethylene
glycol), poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), and poly(acrylic acid) using the
CuAAC click reaction. The high modularity and molecular precision
of the synthetic methodology enabled us to easily prepare well-defined
amphiphiles that differ either in their hydrophilic block composition
or in their hydrophobic dendron. The micelles of the different amphiphiles
were thoroughly characterized and their sizes, critical micelle concentrations,
drug loading, stability, and cell internalization were compared. We
found that the micelle diameter was almost solely dependent on the
hydrophobicity of the dendritic hydrophobic block, whereas the enzymatic
degradation rate was strongly dependent on the composition of both
blocks. Drug encapsulation capacity was very sensitive to the type
of the hydrophilic block, indicating that, in addition to the hydrophobic
core, the micellar shell also has a significant role in drug encapsulation.
Incubation of the spectrally active micelles in the presence of cells
showed that the hydrophilic shell significantly affects the micellar
stability, localization, cell internalization kinetics, and the cargo
release mechanism. Overall, the high molecular precision and the ability
of these amphiphiles to report their disassembly, even in complex
biological media, allowed us to directly compare the different types
of micelles, providing striking insights into how the composition
of the micelle shells and cores can affect their properties and potential
to serve as nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Slor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Alis R Olea
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Pujals
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Physics, University of Barcelona, Carrer Martí I Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ali Tigrine
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Victor R De La Rosa
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology (TUE), Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Roey J Amir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,BLAVATNIK Center for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,ADAMA Center for Novel Delivery Systems in Crop Protection, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,The Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
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14
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Calori IR, Bi H, Tedesco AC. Expanding the Limits of Photodynamic Therapy: The Design of Organelles and Hypoxia-Targeting Nanomaterials for Enhanced Photokilling of Cancer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:195-228. [PMID: 35014281 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive clinical protocol that combines a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS), appropriate visible light, and molecular oxygen for cancer treatment. This triad generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ, leading to different cell death pathways and limiting the arrival of nutrients by irreversible destruction of the tumor vascular system. Despite the number of formulations and applications available, the advancement of therapy is hindered by some characteristics such as the hypoxic condition of solid tumors and the limited energy density (light fluence) that reaches the target. As a result, the use of PDT as a definitive monotherapy for cancer is generally restricted to pretumor lesions or neoplastic tissue of approximately 1 cm in size. To expand this limitation, researchers have synthesized functional nanoparticles (NPs) capable of carrying classical photosensitizers with self-supplying oxygen as well as targeting specific organelles such as mitochondria and lysosomes. This has improved outcomes in vitro and in vivo. This review highlights the basis of PDT, many of the most commonly used strategies of functionalization of smart NPs, and their potential to break the current limits of the classical protocol of PDT against cancer. The application and future perspectives of the multifunctional nanoparticles in PDT are also discussed in some detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo Rodrigo Calori
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, China
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15
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Liew SS, Qin X, Zhou J, Li L, Huang W, Yao SQ. Smart Design of Nanomaterials for Mitochondria-Targeted Nanotherapeutics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2232-2256. [PMID: 32128948 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouse of cells. They are vital organelles that maintain cellular function and metabolism. Dysfunction of mitochondria results in various diseases with a great diversity of clinical appearances. In the past, strategies have been developed for fabricating subcellular-targeting drug-delivery nanocarriers, enabling cellular internalization and subsequent organelle localization. Of late, innovative strategies have emerged for the smart design of multifunctional nanocarriers. Hierarchical targeting enables nanocarriers to evade and overcome various barriers encountered upon in vivo administration to reach the organelle with good bioavailability. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers allow controlled release of therapeutics to occur at the desired target site. Synergistic therapy can be achieved using a combination of approaches such as chemotherapy, gene and phototherapy. In this Review, we survey the field for recent developments and strategies used in the smart design of nanocarriers for mitochondria-targeted therapeutics. Existing challenges and unexplored therapeutic opportunities are also highlighted and discussed to inspire the next generation of mitochondrial-targeting nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Si Liew
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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16
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Liew SS, Qin X, Zhou J, Li L, Huang W, Yao SQ. Intelligentes Design von Nanomaterialien für Mitochondrien‐gerichtete Nanotherapeutika. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Si Liew
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapur
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapur
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17
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Chen D, Zhong Z, Ma Q, Shao J, Huang W, Dong X. Aza-BODIPY-Based Nanomedicines in Cancer Phototheranostics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26914-26925. [PMID: 32463220 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer phototheranostics, composed of optical diagnosis and phototherapy (including photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy), is a promising strategy for precise tumor treatment. Due to the unique properties of near-infrared absorption/emission, high reactive oxygen species generation, and photothermal conversion efficiency, aza-boron-dipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY), as an emerging organic photosensitizer, has shown great potential for tumor phototheranostics. By encapsulating aza-BODIPY photosensitizers within functional amphiphilic polymers, we can afford hydrophilic nanomedicines that selectively target tumor sites via an enhanced permeability and retention effect, thereby efficiently improving diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy. Herein, in this spotlight article, we attempt to highlight our recent contributions in the development of aza-BODIPY-based nanomedicines, which comprises three main sections: (1) to elucidate the design strategy of aza-BODIPY photosensitizers and corresponding nanomedicines; (2) to overview their photophysical properties and biomedical applications in phototheranostics, including fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and synergistic therapy; and (3) to depict the challenges and future perspectives of aza-BODIPY nanomedicines. It is believed that this Spotlight on Applications article would illuminate the way of developing new aza-BODIPY nanomedicines as well as other organic photosensitizer-based nanomedicines for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Zhihao Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Jinjun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xiaochen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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18
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Cho H, Cho YY, Shim MS, Lee JY, Lee HS, Kang HC. Mitochondria-targeted drug delivery in cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165808. [PMID: 32333953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are considered one of the most important subcellular organelles for targeting and delivering drugs because mitochondria are the main location for various cellular functions and energy (i.e., ATP) production, and mitochondrial dysfunctions and malfunctions cause diverse diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disorders, metabolic disorders, and cancers. In particular, unique mitochondrial characteristics (e.g., negatively polarized membrane potential, alkaline pH, high reactive oxygen species level, high glutathione level, high temperature, and paradoxical mitochondrial dynamics) in pathological cancers have been used as targets, signals, triggers, or driving forces for specific sensing/diagnosing/imaging of characteristic changes in mitochondria, targeted drug delivery on mitochondria, targeted drug delivery/accumulation into mitochondria, or stimuli-triggered drug release in mitochondria. In this review, we describe the distinctive structures, functions, and physiological properties of cancer mitochondria and discuss recent technologies of mitochondria-specific "key characteristic" sensing systems, mitochondria-targeted "drug delivery" systems, and mitochondrial stimuli-specific "drug release" systems as well as their strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Cho
- Department of Pharmacy and BK21PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics-based Future Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- Department of Pharmacy and BK21PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics-based Future Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Suk Shim
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and BK21PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics-based Future Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and BK21PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics-based Future Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chang Kang
- Department of Pharmacy and BK21PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics-based Future Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Peng N, Yu H, Yu W, Yang M, Chen H, Zou T, Deng K, Huang S, Liu Y. Sequential-targeting nanocarriers with pH-controlled charge reversal for enhanced mitochondria-located photodynamic-immunotherapy of cancer. Acta Biomater 2020; 105:223-238. [PMID: 31926335 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Targeting delivery of photosensitizers to mitochondria as the most sensitive cellular organelles to reactive oxygen species (ROS) by positively charged polymeric nanocarriers (NCs) is one of the useful methods for efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the NCs with positively charged mitochondria-targeting moieties are easily cleaned during circulation, restricting their in vivo applications. Herein, to address this issue and enhance in vivo PDT efficacy, we developed a sequential-targeting delivery system consisting of mitochondria-targeting micelles as the core prepared from the cationic amphiphilic copolymer for loading chlorin e6 (Ce6) and a tumor-targeting pH-dependent charge transformational layer as the shell obtained from 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride modified Biotin-PEG4000-NH2 (BioPEGDMA) via electrostatic interaction. Concealed by the anionic shell, the as-prepared NCs showed longer retention within the first stage of tumor-targeting. Then, the accumulated NCs conversed to positive charge in tumor extracellular microenvironment (pH ∼ 6.5), which could be more effectively internalized by tumor cells, and the re-exposed triphenylphosphonium (TPP) groups endowed their second-stage targetability to the mitochondria. In vivo experiments revealed that the Ce6-loaded NCs exhibited remarkable tumor inhibition rates of 84.1% and 93.2% on BALB/c nude mice and Kunming mice, respectively, under 660 nm NIR irradiation, and stimulated immune responses with upregulated expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α and CD3+ in tumor tissues, and enhanced activation of CD3+/CD4+, CD3+/CD8+ T lymphocytes and DCs in both tumor tissues and lymph glands. This work provided a new pathway for the development of smart drug delivery system with advanced PDT efficacy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Although the existing targeting delivery of photosensitizers to mitochondria by positively charged nanocarriers (NCs) have efficiently enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT), their positive charges caused rapid clearance during circulation, which has restricted their in vivo applications. Therefore, we fabricated a novel sequential-targeting NC to solve the problem. The tumor accumulated NCs conversed to positive charge in tumor extracellular microenvironment, and the re-exposed triphenylphosphonium groups initiated second-stage targetability to mitochondria. This system exhibited remarkable tumor inhibition efficiency both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, as we hypothesized, mitochondria-located PDT could promote immune response, resulting in improvement of PDT. The strategy of sequential targeting-based PDT in combination with augmented immune response showed a novel pathway for the development of smart drug delivery system with advanced PDT.
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20
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He W, Du Y, Zhou W, Yao C, Li X. Redox-sensitive dimeric camptothecin phosphatidylcholines-based liposomes for improved anticancer efficacy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:3057-3074. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: A redox-triggered camptothecin (CPT) liposomal system was developed for an improved clinical potential in tumor therapy. Materials & methods: CPT–phosphorylcholine conjugates (CPT–SS–GPCs: CPT–SS–3–GPC and CPT–SS–11–GPC) were synthesized by conjugating CPT to glycerylphosphorylcholine via disulfide bond linker. CPT–SS–GPCs could be assembled into liposomes. Different in vitro and in vivo analyses were used to evaluate the anticancer activities of CPT–SS–GPCs. Results: CPT–SS–GPCs liposomes exhibited extremely high drug loading and uniform size of 150–200 nm. Moreover, the rapid release of parent CPT in reductive condition and high cellular uptake of CPT–SS–GPCs liposomes were observed. At last, in vitro and in vivo anticancer assay showed the enhanced efficacy of CPT–SS–GPCs liposomes. Conclusion: Redox-triggered CPT–SS–GPC liposomes have great potential in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Yawei Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Wenya Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Chen Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Xinsong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
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21
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Guo X, Lu D, Zhang D, Deng J, Zhang X, Wang Z, Xiao L, Zhao Y. Curved corannulene dually targets mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, and initiates apoptosis via localized ROS induction upon light triggering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 106:110227. [PMID: 31753352 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Organelle-targeting agents are promising in both fundamental and applied biomedicine research, but such materials are very limited. As a curved 2D carbon material, corannulene (Cor) displays an uneven intramolecular electron distribution, producing a large dipole moment that can favor the electrostatic interaction. Based on the large negative mitochondrial membrane potential and the presence of a connection structure between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), we hypothesized that Cor could simultaneously target both mitochondria and ER. Such hypothesis was well validated by using the fluorescence tag-labelled Cor. The co-localization analysis in a model cell line (PC3) revealed a preferred accumulation of Cor in both organelles, as evidenced by a large Pearson correlation coefficient. The large dipole also empowered Cor the ability of controlled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation. This feature plus mitochondria targeting of Cor induced depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and caspase 9/3 activation. The triggered ROS generation in ER caused the calcium dumping in the cytosol, as revealed by a calcium-specific fluorescence probe. A significant degree of apoptosis was induced by Cor as a result of the interplay of dual mitochondria/ER targeting and triggered organelle-specific ROS delivery. This study demonstrated the subcellular targeting ability of Cor for potential ROS-based therapy, and implied that the dipole could be a valuable parameter for efficient design and tailored screening of organelle-targeting materials for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Di Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jian Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Lehui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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22
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Chang S, Wang Y, Zhang T, Pu X, Zong L, Zhu H, Zhao L, Feng B. Redox-Responsive Disulfide Bond-Bridged mPEG-PBLA Prodrug Micelles for Enhanced Paclitaxel Biosafety and Antitumor Efficacy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:823. [PMID: 31508374 PMCID: PMC6719549 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxicity and side effects of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs are the main causes of chemotherapy failure. To improve the specificity and selectivity of chemotherapeutic drugs for tumor cells, a novel redox-sensitive polymer prodrug, polyethylene glycol-poly (β-benzyl-L-aspartate) (PEG-PBLA)-SS-paclitaxel (PPSP), was designed and synthesized in this study. The PPSP micelle was manufactured via high-speed dispersion stirring and dialysis. The particle size and zeta potential of this prodrug micelle were 63.77 ± 0.91 nm and −25.8 ± 3.24 mV, respectively. The micelles were uniformly distributed and presented a spherical morphology under a transmission electron microscope. In the tumor physiological environment, the particle size of the PPSP micelles and the release rate of paclitaxel (PTX) were significantly increased compared with those of mPEG-PBLA-CC-PTX (PPCP) micelles, reflecting the excellent redox-sensitive activity of the PPSP micelles. The inhibitory effect of PPSP on HepG2, MCF-7 and HL-7702 cell proliferation was investigated with MTT assays, and the results demonstrated that PPSP is superior to PTX with respect to the inhibition of two tumor cell types at different experimental concentration. Simultaneously PPSP has lower toxicity against HL-7702 cells then PTX and PPCP. Moreover, the blank micelle from mPEG-PBLA showed no obvious toxicity to the two tumor cells at different experimental concentrations. In summary, the redox-sensitive PPSP micelle significantly improved the biosafety and the anti-tumor activity of PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Materia Medica, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaohui Pu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Materia Medica, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lanlan Zong
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Materia Medica, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Heyun Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Luling Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Materia Medica, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bo Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
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23
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Tran Thi NV, Hwang HS, Kim Y, Kang HC, Huh KM. Reduction‐responsive poly (ethylene glycol)‐dexamethasone biarm conjugate and its self‐assembled nanomicelles: Preparation, physicochemical characterization, and thiol‐triggered drug release. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Van Tran Thi
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringChungnam National University 99 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐gu Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sook Hwang
- Division of BiotechnologyThe Catholic University of Korea 43 Jibong‐ro, Wonmi‐gu Bucheon‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Yugyeong Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringChungnam National University 99 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐gu Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chang Kang
- Department of Pharmacy and BK21 PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics‐based Future Pharmacy, College of PharmacyThe Catholic University of Korea 43 Jibong‐ro, Wonmi‐gu Bucheon‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Moo Huh
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringChungnam National University 99 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐gu Daejeon Republic of Korea
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24
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Gao P, Pan W, Li N, Tang B. Boosting Cancer Therapy with Organelle-Targeted Nanomaterials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26529-26558. [PMID: 31136142 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of cancer therapy is to eliminate malignant tumors while causing no damage to normal tissues. In the past decades, numerous nanoagents have been employed for cancer treatment because of their unique properties over traditional molecular drugs. However, lack of selectivity and unwanted therapeutic outcomes have severely limited the therapeutic index of traditional nanodrugs. Recently, a series of nanomaterials that can accumulate in specific organelles (nucleus, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, Golgi apparatus) within cancer cells have received increasing interest. These rationally designed nanoagents can either directly destroy the subcellular structures or effectively deliver drugs into the proper targets, which can further activate certain cell death pathways, enabling them to boost the therapeutic efficiency, lower drug dosage, reduce side effects, avoid multidrug resistance, and prevent recurrence. In this Review, the design principles, targeting strategies, therapeutic mechanisms, current challenges, and potential future directions of organelle-targeted nanomaterials will be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
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25
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Wu H, You C, Jiao J, Chen F, Sun B, Zhu X. A novel near-infrared triggered dual-targeted nanoplatform for mitochondrial combined photothermal-chemotherapy of cancer in vitro. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:035601. [PMID: 30418947 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaebca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A combination of photothermal-chemotherapy has received widespread attention in drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. However, the combination therapy operated in subcellular organelles, such as mitochondria, has been rarely reported. Herein, we designed a novel near-infrared (NIR) triggered dual-targeted nanoplatform (FA/TPP-DINPs) based on mitochondrial combined photothermal-chemotherapy by co-loading FDA-approved NIR dye indocyanine green (ICG) and anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The resulting nanoparticles showed a monodispersed sphere and excellent colloidal stability. Specially, the simultaneous introduction of targeted ligands folic acid (FA) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) to nanoparticles significantly promoted the cellular internalization and mitochondrial co-localization of nanoparticles. Moreover, the encapsulated dye could convert NIR light into heat with high efficiency, which makes the FA/TPP-DINPs an effective platform for mitochondrial combination therapy with chemotherapy drug DOX. Meanwhile, the thermal expansion in response to the change of temperature after sustained 808 nm laser irradiation could cause the disintegration of nanoparticles, which triggered the rapid release of DOX from nanoparticles. As expected, the prepared FA/TPP-DINPs exhibited evidently enhanced cytotoxicity and preeminent combination therapy efficiency on MCF-7 cells. Thus, the NIR triggered dual-targeted nanoplatform provides a new drug delivery strategy for mitochondrial combined photothermal-chemotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuai Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
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26
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Xue Y, Tian J, Xu L, Liu Z, Shen Y, Zhang W. Ultrasensitive redox-responsive porphyrin-based polymeric nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Wu H, Lai X, Li Z, Gu L, Ao N. PEGylation Quaternary (Triphenyl-) Phosphonium Tosylate: A Class of Promising Carriers for Drug Delivery and Gene Delivery? ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Jinan University,Guangzhou; China
| | - Xuexu Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Jinan University,Guangzhou; China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Jinan University,Guangzhou; China
| | - Liuqun Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Jinan University,Guangzhou; China
| | - Ningjian Ao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Jinan University,Guangzhou; China
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28
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Ahn J, Lee B, Choi Y, Jin H, Lim NY, Park J, Kim JH, Bae J, Jung JH. Non-peptidic guanidinium-functionalized silica nanoparticles as selective mitochondria-targeting drug nanocarriers. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5698-5707. [PMID: 32254976 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01358f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the design and fabrication of a Fe3O4 core-mesoporous silica nanoparticle shell (Fe3O4@MSNs)-based mitochondria-targeting drug nanocarrier. A guanidinium derivative (GA) was conjugated onto the Fe3O4@MSNs as the mitochondria-targeting ligand. The fabrication of the Fe3O4@MSNs and their functionalization with GA were carried out by the sol-gel polymerization of alkoxysilane groups. Doxorubicin (DOX), an anti-cancer drug, was loaded into the pores of a GA-attached Fe3O4@MSNs due to both its anti-cancer properties and to allow for the fluorescent visualization of the nanocarriers. The selective and efficient mitochondria-targeting ability of a DOX-loaded GA-Fe3O4@MSNs (DOX/GA-Fe3O4@MSNs) was demonstrated by a co-localization study, transmission electron microscopy, and a fluorometric analysis on isolated mitochondria. It was found that the DOX/GA-Fe3O4@MSNs selectively accumulated into mitochondria within only five minutes; to the best of our knowledge, this is the shortest accumulation time reported for mitochondria targeting systems. Moreover, 2.6 times higher amount of DOX was accumulated in mitochondria by DOX/GA-Fe3O4@MSNs than by DOX/TPP-Fe3O4@MSNs. A cell viability assay indicated that the DOX/GA-Fe3O4@MSNs have high cytotoxicity to cancer cells, whereas the GA-Fe3O4@MSNs without DOX are non-cytotoxic; this indicates that the DOX/GA-Fe3O4@MSNs have great potential for use as biocompatible and effective mitochondria-targeting nanocarriers for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea.
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29
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Battogtokh G, Cho YY, Lee JY, Lee HS, Kang HC. Mitochondrial-Targeting Anticancer Agent Conjugates and Nanocarrier Systems for Cancer Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:922. [PMID: 30174604 PMCID: PMC6107715 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is an important intracellular organelle for drug targeting due to its key roles and functions in cellular proliferation and death. In the last few decades, several studies have revealed mitochondrial functions, attracting the focus of many researchers to work in this field over nuclear targeting. Mitochondrial targeting was initiated in 1995 with a triphenylphosphonium-thiobutyl conjugate as an antioxidant agent. The major driving force for mitochondrial targeting in cancer cells is the higher mitochondrial membrane potential compared with that of the cytosol, which allows some molecules to selectively target mitochondria. In this review, we discuss mitochondria-targeting ligand-conjugated anticancer agents and their in vitro and in vivo behaviors. In addition, we describe a mitochondria-targeting nanocarrier system for anticancer drug delivery. As previously reported, several agents have been known to have mitochondrial targeting potential; however, they are not sufficient for direct application for cancer therapy. Thus, many studies have focused on direct conjugation of targeting ligands to therapeutic agents to improve their efficacy. There are many variables for optimal mitochondria-targeted agent development, such as choosing a correct targeting ligand and linker. However, using the nanocarrier system could solve some issues related to solubility and selectivity. Thus, this review focuses on mitochondria-targeting drug conjugates and mitochondria-targeted nanocarrier systems for anticancer agent delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Han Chang Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
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30
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Morimoto N, Takei R, Wakamura M, Oishi Y, Nakayama M, Suzuki M, Yamamoto M, Winnik FM. Fast and effective mitochondrial delivery of ω-Rhodamine-B-polysulfobetaine-PEG copolymers. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1128. [PMID: 29348616 PMCID: PMC5773493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial targeting and entry, two crucial steps in fighting severe diseases resulting from mitochondria dysfunction, pose important challenges in current nanomedicine. Cell-penetrating peptides or targeting groups, such as Rhodamine-B (Rho), are known to localize in mitochondria, but little is known on how to enhance their effectiveness through structural properties of polymeric carriers. To address this issue, we prepared 8 copolymers of 3-dimethyl(methacryloyloxyethyl)ammonium propane sulfonate and poly(ethyleneglycol) methacrylate, p(DMAPS-ran-PEGMA) (molecular weight, 18.0 < M n < 74.0 kg/mol) with two different endgroups. We labeled them with Rho groups attached along the chain or on one of the two endgroups (α or ω). From studies by flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy of the copolymers internalization in HeLa cells in the absence and presence of pharmacological inhibitors, we established that the polymers cross the cell membrane foremost by translocation and also by endocytosis, primarily clathrin-dependent endocytosis. The most effective mitochondrial entry was achieved by copolymers of M n < 30.0 kg/mol, lightly grafted with PEG chains (< 5 mol %) labeled with Rho in the ω-position. Our findings may be generalized to the uptake and mitochondrial targeting of prodrugs and imaging agents with a similar polymeric scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Morimoto
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Riho Takei
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masaru Wakamura
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Oishi
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakayama
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masaya Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Françoise M Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, CP6128 Succursale Center Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, NIMS, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.
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31
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You CQ, Wu HS, Gao ZG, Sun K, Chen FH, Tao WA, Sun BW. Subcellular co-delivery of two different site-oriented payloads based on multistage targeted polymeric nanoparticles for enhanced cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:6752-6766. [PMID: 32254692 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02230e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Smart nanoparticles which encapsulated two different site-oriented therapeutic agents for multistage targeted delivery and enhanced antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Qun You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering
| | - Hong-Shuai Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Guo Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- P. R. China
| | - Fang-Hui Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- P. R. China
| | - W. Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Bai-Wang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- P. R. China
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32
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Sun K, Gao Z, Zhang Y, Wu H, You C, Wang S, An P, Sun C, Sun B. Enhanced highly toxic reactive oxygen species levels from iron oxide core–shell mesoporous silica nanocarrier-mediated Fenton reactions for cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5876-5887. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01731j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly toxic reactive oxygen species levels were enhanced via iron oxide core–shell mesoporous silica nanocarrier-mediated Fenton reactions for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuai Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- People's Republic of China
| | - Senlin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- People's Republic of China
| | - Peijing An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- People's Republic of China
| | - Baiwang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- People's Republic of China
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33
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Wang Z, Guo W, Kuang X, Hou S, Liu H. Nanopreparations for mitochondria targeting drug delivery system: Current strategies and future prospective. Asian J Pharm Sci 2017; 12:498-508. [PMID: 32104363 PMCID: PMC7032167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are a novel and promising therapeutic target for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of a lot of human diseases such as cancer, metabolic diseases and neurodegenerative disease. Owing to the mitochondrial special bilayer structure and highly negative potential nature, therapeutic molecules have multiple difficulties in reaching mitochondria. To overcome multiple barriers for targeting mitochondria, the researchers developed various pharmaceutical preparations such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles and inorganic nanoparticles modified by mitochondriotropic moieties like dequalinium (DQA), triphenylphosphonium (TPP), mitochondrial penetrating peptides (MPPs) and mitochondrial protein import machinery that allow specific targeting. The targeted formulations exhibited enhanced pharmacological effect and better therapeutic effect than their untargeted counterpart both in vitro and in vivo. Nanocarriers may be used for bio-therapeutic delivery into specific mitochondria that possess a great potential treatment of mitochondria related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hongzhuo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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