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Roscigno G, Affinito A, Quintavalle C, Cillari R, Condorelli G, Cavallaro G, Mauro N. Ultrasmall Carbon Nanodots as Theranostic Nanoheaters for Precision Breast Cancer Phototherapy: Establishing the Translational Potential in Tumor-in-a-Dish Models. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 38916153 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the remarkable attributes of sulfur-doped carbon nanodots (CDs) synthesized in high yield and a narrow size distribution (4.8 nm). These CDs exhibit notable features, including potential bioelimination through renal clearance and efficient photothermal conversion in the near-infrared region with multicolor photoluminescence across the visible spectrum. Our research demonstrates high biocompatibility and effective near-infrared (NIR)-triggered photothermal toxicity when targeting mammospheres and patient-derived tumor organoids. Moreover, the study delves into the intricate cellular responses induced by CD-mediated hyperthermia. This involves efficient tumor mass death, activation of the p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and upregulation of genes associated with apoptosis, hypoxia, and autophagy. The interaction of CDs with mammospheres reveals their ability to penetrate the complex microenvironment, impeded at 4 °C, indicating an energy-dependent endocytosis mechanism. This observation underscores the CDs' potential for targeted drug delivery, particularly in anticancer therapeutics. This investigation contributes to understanding the multifunctional properties of sulfur-doped CDs and highlights their promising applications in cancer therapeutics. Utilizing 3-D tumor-in-a-dish patients' organoids enhances translational potential, providing a clinically relevant platform for assessing therapeutic efficacy in a context mirroring the physiological conditions of cancerous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Roscigno
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
- Department of Biology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Cinthia 21, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Alessandra Affinito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
- Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore" (IEOS), CNR, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Cristina Quintavalle
- Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore" (IEOS), CNR, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Roberta Cillari
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Gerolama Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Gennara Cavallaro
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Nicolò Mauro
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
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Wang X, Zhang H, Chen X, Wu C, Ding K, Sun G, Luo Y, Xiang D. Overcoming tumor microenvironment obstacles: Current approaches for boosting nanodrug delivery. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:42-68. [PMID: 37257574 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve targeted delivery of anticancer drugs, efficacy improvement, and side effect reduction, various types of nanoparticles are employed. However, their therapeutic effects are not ideal. This phenomenon is caused by tumor microenvironment abnormalities such as abnormal blood vessels, elevated interstitial fluid pressure, and dense extracellular matrix that affect nanoparticle penetration into the tumor's interstitium. Furthermore, nanoparticle properties including size, charge, and shape affect nanoparticle transport into tumors. This review comprehensively goes over the factors hindering nanoparticle penetration into tumors and describes methods for improving nanoparticle distribution by remodeling the tumor microenvironment and optimizing nanoparticle physicochemical properties. Finally, a critical analysis of future development of nanodrug delivery in oncology is further discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This article reviews the factors that hinder the distribution of nanoparticles in tumors, and describes existing methods and approaches for improving the tumor accumulation from the aspects of remodeling the tumor microenvironment and optimizing the properties of nanoparticles. The description of the existing methods and approaches is followed by highlighting their advantages and disadvantages and put forward possible directions for the future researches. At last, the challenges of improving tumor accumulation in nanomedicines design were also discussed. This review will be of great interest to the broad readers who are committed to delivering nanomedicine for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing 402260, China; Department of Oncology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402260, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Chunrong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing 402260, China; Department of Oncology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402260, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing 402260, China; Department of Oncology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402260, China
| | - Guiyin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing 402260, China; Department of Oncology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402260, China.
| | - Yang Luo
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Debing Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing 402260, China; Department of Oncology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402260, China.
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Liu J, Zhang J, Gao Y, Jiang Y, Guan Z, Xie Y, Hu J, Chen J. Barrier permeation and improved nanomedicine delivery in tumor microenvironments. Cancer Lett 2023; 562:216166. [PMID: 37028698 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicines can effectively penetrate tumor sites compared to traditionally used drugs. However, effective drugs that reach the interior of tumors remain limited. Based on studies of the complex tumor microenvironment, we summarized the barriers restricting tumor penetration of nanomedicines in this review. Penetration barriers are mainly caused by tumor blood vessels, stroma, and cell abnormalities. The repair of abnormal tumor blood vessels and tumor stroma and adjusting the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles are considered promising strategies to improve the tumor permeation of nanomedicines. The effects of nanoparticle properties, including size, shape, and surface charge, on tumor penetration were also reviewed. We expect to provide research ideas and a scientific basis for nanomedicines to increase intratumoral permeability and improve anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China; School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Zhenxin Guan
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Yiying Xie
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Jinghui Hu
- School of Rehabilitation, Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
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Exploration of Site-Specific Drug Targeting—A Review on EPR-, Stimuli-, Chemical-, and Receptor-Based Approaches as Potential Drug Targeting Methods in Cancer Treatment. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:9396760. [PMID: 36284633 PMCID: PMC9588330 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9396760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has been one of the most dominant causes of mortality globally over the last few decades. In cancer treatment, the selective targeting of tumor cells is indispensable, making it a better replacement for conventional chemotherapies by diminishing their adverse side effects. While designing a drug to be delivered selectively in the target organ, the drug development scientists should focus on various factors such as the type of cancer they are dealing with according to which drug, targeting moieties, and pharmaceutical carriers should be targeted. All published articles have been collected regarding cancer and drug-targeting approaches from well reputed databases including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Wiley, and Springer. The articles published between January 2010 and December 2020 were considered. Due to the existence of various mechanisms, it is challenging to choose which one is appropriate for a specific case. Moreover, a combination of more than one approach is often utilized to achieve optimal drug effects. In this review, we have summarized and highlighted central mechanisms of how the targeted drug delivery system works in the specific diseased microenvironment, along with the strategies to make an approach more effective. We have also included some pictorial illustrations to have a precise idea about different types of drug targeting. The core contribution of this work includes providing a cancer drug development scientist with a broad preliminary idea to choose the appropriate approach among the various targeted drug delivery mechanisms. Also, the study will contribute to improving anticancer treatment approaches by providing a pathway for lesser side effects observed in conventional chemotherapeutic techniques.
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Zhu W, Bai Y, Zhang N, Yan J, Chen J, He Z, Sun Q, Pu Y, He B, Ye X. A tumor extracellular pH-sensitive PD-L1 binding peptide nanoparticle for chemo-immunotherapy of cancer. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4201-4210. [PMID: 33997867 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00537e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemo-immunotherapy is a promising model for the combination treatment of cancer. Many solid tumors overexpress programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) for immune suppression. In this study, a PD-L1 binding peptide conjugate (DCS) nanoparticle with tumor extracellular pH-responsiveness was developed for efficient chemo-immunotherapy of colon cancer. A hydrophilic D-type polypeptide (D-PPA) and two hydrophobic stearyl chains were linked with a pH-sensitive linker to obtain amphiphilic DCS, which could self-assemble into nanoparticles (NPs). Anticancer agent doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded to obtain DOX@DCS NPs, which could accumulate at the tumor site by enhanced permeability and retention effect and release D-PPA at tumor extracellular pH. The release of D-PPA could not only lead to instability and aggregation of NPs for enhanced tumor retention but also block PD-1/PD-L1 to avoid immune escape and elicit enhanced immune response. In addition, DOX could induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells and promote anti-tumor immune response with the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 blocking. DOX@DCS showed efficient inhibition of CT26 tumors and induced immune response both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our study reported a facile yet robust nanosystem based on an immune blocking peptide and a chemotherapeutic ICD inducer for efficient chemo-immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yun Bai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jianqing Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jun Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ziyun He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qiqi Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuji Pu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xueting Ye
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Mendes BB, Sousa DP, Conniot J, Conde J. Nanomedicine-based strategies to target and modulate the tumor microenvironment. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:847-862. [PMID: 34090865 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The interest in nanomedicine for cancer theranostics has grown significantly over the past few decades. However, these nanomedicines need to overcome several physiological barriers intrinsic to the tumor microenvironment (TME) before reaching their target. Intrinsic tumor genetic/phenotypic variations, along with intratumor heterogeneity, provide different cues to each cancer type, making each patient with cancer unique. This brings additional challenges in translating nanotechnology-based systems into clinically reliable therapies. To develop efficient therapeutic strategies, it is important to understand the dynamic interactions between TME players and the complex mechanisms involved, because they constitute invaluable targets to dismantle tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the latest nanotechnology-based strategies for cancer diagnosis and therapy as well as the potential targets for the design of future anticancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara B Mendes
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology, and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana P Sousa
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology, and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Conniot
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology, and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Conde
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology, and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Chaturvedi S, Garg A. An insight of techniques for the assessment of permeation flux across the skin for optimization of topical and transdermal drug delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Jaswandkar SV, Faisal HMN, Katti KS, Katti DR. Dissociation Mechanisms of G-actin Subunits Govern Deformation Response of Actin Filament. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:907-917. [PMID: 33481563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Actin molecules are essential structural components of the cellular cytoskeleton. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of F-actin's deformation behavior and highlight underlying mechanisms using steered molecular dynamics simulations (SMD). The investigation of F-actin was done under tension, compression, bending, and torsion. We report that the dissociation pattern of conformational locks at intrastrand and interstrand G-actin interfaces regulates the deformation response of F-actin. The conformational locks at the G-actin interfaces are portrayed by a spheroidal joint, interlocking serrated plates' analogy. Further, the SMD simulation approach was utilized to evaluate Young's modulus, flexural rigidity, persistent length, and torsional rigidity of F-actin, and the values obtained were found to be consistent with available experimental data. The evaluation of the mechanical properties of actin and the insight into the fundamental mechanisms contributing to its resilience described here are necessary for developing accurate models of eukaryotic cells and for assessing cellular viability and mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad V Jaswandkar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - H M Nasrullah Faisal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Kalpana S Katti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Dinesh R Katti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
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Bauleth-Ramos T, Sarmento B. In Vitro Assays for Nanoparticle-Cancer Cell Interaction Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1295:223-242. [PMID: 33543462 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58174-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a rapid-growing field with an extreme potential to revolutionize cancer treatments. However, despite the rapid advances, the clinical translation is still scarce. One of the main hurdles contributing for this setback is the lack of reliable in vitro models for preclinical testing capable of predicting the outcomes in an in vivo setting. In fact, the use of 2D monolayers, considered the gold-standard in vitro technique, leads to the creation of misleading data that might not be completely observed in in vivo or clinical setting. Thus, there is the need to use more complex models capable of better mimicking the tumor microenvironment. For that purpose, the development and use of multicellular tumor spheroids, three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures which recapitulate numerous aspects of the tumors, represents an advantageous approach to test the developed anticancer therapies. In this chapter, we identify and discuss the advantages of the use of these 3D cellular models compared to the 2D models and how they can be utilized to study nanoparticle-cancer cell interaction in a more reliable way to predict the treatment outcome in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Bauleth-Ramos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.
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Fakhri KU, Sultan A, Mushtaque M, Hasan MR, Nafees S, Hafeez ZB, Zafaryab M, Rizwanullah M, Sharma D, Bano F, AlMalki WH, Ahmad FJ, Rizvi MMA. Obstructions in Nanoparticles Conveyance, Nano-Drug Retention, and EPR Effect in Cancer Therapies. HANDBOOK OF RESEARCH ON ADVANCEMENTS IN CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-6530-8.ch026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, the authors first review nano-devices that are mixtures of biologic molecules and synthetic polymers like nano-shells and nano-particles for the most encouraging applications for different cancer therapies. Nano-sized medications additionally spill especially into tumor tissue through penetrable tumor vessels and are then held in the tumor bed because of diminished lymphatic drainage. This procedure is known as the enhanced penetrability and retention (EPR) impact. Nonetheless, while the EPR impact is generally held to improve conveyance of nano-medications to tumors, it in certainty offers not exactly a 2-overlay increment in nano-drug conveyance contrasted with basic ordinary organs, bringing about medication concentration that is not adequate for restoring most malignant growths. In this chapter, the authors likewise review different obstructions for nano-sized medication conveyance and to make the conveyance of nano-sized medications to tumors progressively successful by expanding on the EPR impact..
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Md Zafaryab
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Rizwanullah
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, India
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, India
| | - Farhad Bano
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Wang G, Wu B, Li Q, Chen S, Jin X, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Shen Y, Huang P. Active Transportation of Liposome Enhances Tumor Accumulation, Penetration, and Therapeutic Efficacy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004172. [PMID: 33030305 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are the first and mostly explored nanocarriers for cancer drug delivery, which have shown great promise in clinical applications, but their limited accumulation and penetration into the tumor interstitial space, significantly reduce the therapeutic efficacy. Here, a γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)-triggered charge-switchable approach is reported that can trigger the fast endocytosis and transcytosis of the liposome in tumor microenvironments to overcome the harsh biological barriers in tumor tissues. The active transporting liposomal nanocarrier (GCSDL) is prepared by surface modification with a glutathione (GSH) moiety and encapsulated with doxorubicin (DOX). When the GCSDL contacts with tumor vascular endothelial cells, the overexpressed GGT enzyme on cytomembrane catalyzes the hydrolysis of GSH to generate cationic primary amines. The cationic GCSDL triggers fast caveolae-mediated endocytosis and vesicle-mediated transcytosis, resulting in sequential transcytosis to augment its tumor accumulation and penetration. Along with continual intercellular transportation, GCSDL can release DOX throughout the tumor to induce cancer cell apoptosis, resulting in complete eradication of hepatocellular carcinoma and cessation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma's progression. This study develops an efficient strategy to realize high tumor accumulation and deep penetration for the liposomal drug delivery system via active transcytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Bihan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qunying Li
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Siqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaoqin Jin
- Department of Pathology, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Pintong Huang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
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Akhter MH, Beg S, Tarique M, Malik A, Afaq S, Choudhry H, Hosawi S. Receptor-based targeting of engineered nanocarrier against solid tumors: Recent progress and challenges ahead. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129777. [PMID: 33130062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background In past few decades, the research on engineered nanocarriers (NCs) has gained significant attention in cancer therapy due to selective delivery of drug molecules on the diseased cells thereby preventing unwanted uptake into healthy cells to cause toxicity. Scope of review The applicability of enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect for the delivery of nanomedicines in cancer therapy has gained limited success due to poor accessibility of the drugs to the target cells where non-specific payload delivery to the off target region lack substantial reward over the conventional therapeutic systems. Major conclusions In spite of the fact, nanomedicines fabricated from the biocompatible nanocarriers have reduced targeting potential for meaningful clinical benefits. However, over expression of receptors on the tumor cells provides opportunity to design functional nanomedicine to bind substantially and deliver therapeutics to the cells or tissues of interest by alleviating the bio-toxicity and unwanted effects. This critique will give insight into the over expressed receptor in various tumor and targeting potential of functional nanomedicine as new therapeutic avenues for effective treatment. General significance This review shortly shed light on EPR-based drug targeting using nanomedicinal strategies, their limitation, and advances in therapeutic targeting to the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Habban Akhter
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mohammed Tarique
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Arshi Malik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Afaq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Hosawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Peng F, Li R, Zhang F, Qin L, Ling G, Zhang P. Potential drug delivery nanosystems for improving tumor penetration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 151:220-238. [PMID: 32311427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanosystems, as one of the most important drug delivery systems, play a crucial rule in tumor therapy. However, the deep tumor penetration is retarded by the tumor physiological factors and nanomedicine properties. In this review, we firstly elaborate the factors which impact tumor penetration, including the tumor physiological factors and nanomedicine properties. Then, the latest and potential drug delivery nanosystems for improving tumor penetration are summarized and analyzed in detail. Moreover, recent combination therapies for improving penetration are described to enhance penetration. Finally, we summarize the typical clinical therapies of potential drug delivery nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Peng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Ruirui Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Li Qin
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Guixia Ling
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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14
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Song K, Wang Z, Liu X, Zhang G, Wang X, Ouyang D, Guo M, Chen L. A novel dual sensitive polymer-gambogic acid conjugate: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:505701. [PMID: 31480032 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab40ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, bio-simulate drug delivery systems are highly considered for efficient targeting of tumors. Nevertheless, there are some potential problems such as intelligent release efficiency, subsequently, influence cell toxicity and blood circulation stability. A novel type of stimuli-responsive nanoparticle was developed in accordance with the specific tumor microenvironment to deliver gambogic acid (GA). Herein, we successfully connected GA with mPEG via two different sensitive linkages, valine-citrulline (VC) and cystamine. The structure was characterized by ESI-MS, 1H NMR, FT-IR or MALDI-TOF-MS. The mPEG-VC-SS-GA-NPs (PVSG-NPs) were rapidly prepared. The properties of nanoparticles, including solubility, particle size, morphology, and sensitive drug release performance, were investigated. Compared to single sensitive conjugate (mPEG-SS-GA-NPs, PSG-NPs), PVSG-NPs demonstrated greater solubility and higher sensitive release profile. Cytotoxicity test indicated that PVSG-NPs had apparent cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells and reduced cytotoxicity on normal cells. Additionally, PVSG-NPs mainly kill HepG2 cells by inducing early and late apoptosis and restraining the G0/G1 phase proliferation. Albumin adsorption test revealed that the PVSG-NPs had little albumin combination, consequently, enhancing their circulation constancy. In summary, our findings suggested the novel PVSG-NPs capable of being used for tumor targeting and further practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China
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15
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Feng C, Zhang H, Chen J, Wang S, Xin Y, Qu Y, Zhang Q, Ji W, Yamashita F, Rui M, Xu X. Ratiometric co-encapsulation and co-delivery of doxorubicin and paclitaxel by tumor-targeted lipodisks for combination therapy of breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2019; 560:191-204. [PMID: 30769131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy is a promising treatment for certain advanced drug-resistant cancers. Although effective inhibition of various tumor cells was reported in vitro, combination treatment requires improvement in vivo due to uncontrolled ratiometric delivery. In this study, a tumor-targeting lipodisk nanoparticle formulation was developed for ratiometric loading and the transportation of two hydrophobic model drugs, doxorubicin (DOX) and paclitaxel (PTX), in one single platform. Furthermore, a slightly acidic pH-sensitive peptide (SAPSP) incorporated into lipodisks effectively enhanced the tumor-targeting and cell internalization. The obtained co-loaded lipodisks were approximately 30 nm with a pH-sensitive property. The ratiometric co-delivery of two drugs via lipodisks was confirmed in both the drug-resistant MCF-7/ADR cell line and its parental MCF-7 cell line in vitro, as well as in a tumor-bearing mouse model in vivo compared with a cocktail solution of free drugs. Co-loaded lipodisks exerted improved cytotoxicity to tumor cells in culture, particularly to drug-resistant tumor cells at synergistic drug ratios. In an in vivo xenograft mouse model, the anti-tumor ability of co-loaded lipodisks was evidenced by the remarkable inhibitory effect on tumor growth of either MCF-7 or MCF-7/ADR tumors, which may be attributed to the increased and ratiometric accumulation of both drugs in the tumor tissues. Therefore, tumor-specific lipodisks were crucial for the combination treatment of DOX and PTX to completely exert a synergistic anti-cancer effect. It is concluded that for co-loaded lipodisks, cytotoxicity data in vitro could be used to predict their inhibitory activity in vivo, potentially enhancing the clinical outcome of synergistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlai Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Haisheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yuanrong Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamashita
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-shimoadachi cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mengjie Rui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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16
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Mauro N, Scialabba C, Puleio R, Varvarà P, Licciardi M, Cavallaro G, Giammona G. SPIONs embedded in polyamino acid nanogels to synergistically treat tumor microenvironment and breast cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2018; 555:207-219. [PMID: 30458257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The extremely complex tumor microenvironment (TME) in humans is the major responsible for the therapeutic failure in cancer nanomedicine. A new concept of disease-driven nanomedicine, henceforth named "Theranomics", which attempts to target cancer cells and TME on the whole, represents an attractive alternative. Herein, a nanomedicine able to co-deliver doxorubicin and a tumor suppressive proteolytic protein such as collagenase-2 was developed. We successfully obtained superparamagnetic nanogels (SPIONs/Doco@Col) via the intermolecular azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition. We demonstrated that a local ECM degradation and remodeling in solid tumors by means of collagenase-2 could enhance tumor penetration of nanomedicines and the in situ sustained release of the drug payload throughout 3-D tumor spheroids up to the core (parenchyma), thus enabling a synergistic and efficient anticancer effect toward highly invasive breast tumors. We illustrate that SPIONs/Doxo@Col is also capable of reducing the invasivity of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Mauro
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Veronesi, Piazza Velasca 5, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Scialabba
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Area Diagnostica Specialistica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Varvarà
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariano Licciardi
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gennara Cavallaro
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche" (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, Italian National Research Council, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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17
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Li M, Zhang F, Su Y, Zhou J, Wang W. Nanoparticles designed to regulate tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. Life Sci 2018; 201:37-44. [PMID: 29577880 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing understanding in tumor pathology reveals that tumor microenvironment (TME), which supports tumor progression and poses barriers for available therapies, takes a great responsibility in inefficient treatment and poor prognosis. In recent years, the versatile nanotechnology employed in TME regulation has made great progress. The nanoparticles (NPs) can be tailored as needed to accurately target TME components by distinguishing healthy tissues from malignancy, and to regulate TME to promote tumor regression. Meanwhile, the emerging microRNAs (miRNAs) demonstrate great potentials for TME regulation, but are regrettably restricted by quick degradation. NPs systems enable the successful delivery of miRNA to TME without the limitation, expanding the application of nucleic acid drug. In this review, we summarized recent NPs-based strategies aiming at regulating TME in different ways, including anti-angiogenesis, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) treatment and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) treatment, along with the miRNAs-loaded NPs for TME regulation. Catching and utilizing the features of TME for NPs design can contribute to reversing drug-resistance, optimized drug distribution, and eventually more efficient cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fangrong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yujie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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18
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Zhang YR, Lin R, Li HJ, He WL, Du JZ, Wang J. Strategies to improve tumor penetration of nanomedicines through nanoparticle design. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 11:e1519. [PMID: 29659166 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as an effective means to deliver therapeutic drugs for cancer treatment, as they can preferentially accumulate at tumor site through the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Various forms of NPs including liposomes, polymeric micelles, and inorganic particles have been used for therapeutic applications. However, the therapeutic benefits of nanomedicines are suboptimal. Although many possible reasons may account for the compromised therapeutic efficacy, the inefficient tumor penetration can be a vital obstacle. Tumor develops characteristic pathological environment, such as abnormal vasculature, elevated interstitial fluid pressure, and dense extracellular matrix, which intrinsically hinder the transport of nanomedicines in the tumor parenchyma. The physicochemical properties of the NPs such as size, shape, and surface charge have profound effect on tumor penetration. In this review, we will highlight the factors that affect the transport of NPs in solid tumor, and then elaborate on designing strategies to improve NPs' penetration and uniform distribution inside the tumor interstitium. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Zhang
- School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Run Lin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Jun Li
- School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Ling He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Du
- School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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19
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Lu H, Stenzel MH. Multicellular Tumor Spheroids (MCTS) as a 3D In Vitro Evaluation Tool of Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1702858. [PMID: 29450963 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroid models (MCTS) are often coined as 3D in vitro models that can mimic the microenvironment of tissues. MCTS have gained increasing interest in the nano-biotechnology field as they can provide easily accessible information on the performance of nanoparticles without using animal models. Considering that many countries have put restrictions on animals testing, which will only tighten in the future as seen by the recent developments in the Netherlands, 3D models will become an even more valuable tool. Here, an overview on MCTS is provided, focusing on their use in cancer research as most nanoparticles are tested in MCTS for treatment of primary tumors. Thereafter, various types of nanoparticles-from self-assembled block copolymers to inorganic nanoparticles, are discussed. A range of physicochemical parameters including the size, shape, surface chemistry, ligands attachment, stability, and stiffness are found to influence nanoparticles in MCTS. Some of these studies are complemented by animal studies confirming that lessons from MCTS can in part predict the behaviour in vivo. In summary, MCTS are suitable models to gain additional information on nanoparticles. While not being able to replace in vivo studies, they can bridge the gap between traditional 2D in vitro studies and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Lu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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20
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The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Chemoresistance: To Survive, Keep Your Enemies Closer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071586. [PMID: 28754000 PMCID: PMC5536073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer and it continues to be a challenge in cancer treatment. Chemoresistance is influenced by genetic and epigenetic alterations which affect drug uptake, metabolism and export of drugs at the cellular levels. While most research has focused on tumor cell autonomous mechanisms of chemoresistance, the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a key player in the development of chemoresistance and in malignant progression, thereby influencing the development of novel therapies in clinical oncology. It is not surprising that the study of the tumor microenvironment is now considered to be as important as the study of tumor cells. Recent advances in technological and analytical methods, especially ‘omics’ technologies, has made it possible to identify specific targets in tumor cells and within the tumor microenvironment to eradicate cancer. Tumors need constant support from previously ‘unsupportive’ microenvironments. Novel therapeutic strategies that inhibit such microenvironmental support to tumor cells would reduce chemoresistance and tumor relapse. Such strategies can target stromal cells, proteins released by stromal cells and non-cellular components such as the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the tumor microenvironment. Novel in vitro tumor biology models that recapitulate the in vivo tumor microenvironment such as multicellular tumor spheroids, biomimetic scaffolds and tumor organoids are being developed and are increasing our understanding of cancer cell-microenvironment interactions. This review offers an analysis of recent developments on the role of the tumor microenvironment in the development of chemoresistance and the strategies to overcome microenvironment-mediated chemoresistance. We propose a systematic analysis of the relationship between tumor cells and their respective tumor microenvironments and our data show that, to survive, cancer cells interact closely with tumor microenvironment components such as mesenchymal stem cells and the extracellular matrix.
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21
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van den Brand D, Massuger LF, Brock R, Verdurmen WPR. Mimicking Tumors: Toward More Predictive In Vitro Models for Peptide- and Protein-Conjugated Drugs. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:846-856. [PMID: 28122451 PMCID: PMC5355905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular drug candidates and nanoparticles are typically tested in 2D cancer cell culture models, which are often directly followed by in vivo animal studies. The majority of these drug candidates, however, fail in vivo. In contrast to classical small-molecule drugs, multiple barriers exist for these larger molecules that two-dimensional approaches do not recapitulate. In order to provide better mechanistic insights into the parameters controlling success and failure and due to changing ethical perspectives on animal studies, there is a growing need for in vitro models with higher physiological relevance. This need is reflected by an increased interest in 3D tumor models, which during the past decade have evolved from relatively simple tumor cell aggregates to more complex models that incorporate additional tumor characteristics as well as patient-derived material. This review will address tissue culture models that implement critical features of the physiological tumor context such as 3D structure, extracellular matrix, interstitial flow, vascular extravasation, and the use of patient material. We will focus on specific examples, relating to peptide-and protein-conjugated drugs and other nanoparticles, and discuss the added value and limitations of the respective approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk van den Brand
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center , Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center , Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leon F Massuger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center , Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center , Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter P R Verdurmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center , Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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