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Petrovic M, Kahle ER, Han L, Marcolongo MS. Biomimetic proteoglycans as a tool to engineer the structure and mechanics of porcine bioprosthetic heart valves. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35336. [PMID: 37818847 PMCID: PMC11055403 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The utility of bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) is limited to certain patient populations because of their poor durability compared to mechanical prosthetic valves. Histological analysis of failed porcine BHVs suggests that degeneration of the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM), specifically the loss of proteoglycans and their glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), may lead to impaired mechanical performance, resulting in nucleation and propagation of tears and ultimately failure of the prosthetic. Several strategies have been proposed to address this deterioration, including novel chemical fixatives to stabilize ECM constituents and incorporation of small molecule inhibitors of catabolic enzymes implicated in the degeneration of the BHV ECM. Here, biomimetic proteoglycans (BPGs) were introduced into porcine aortic valves ex vivo and were shown to distribute throughout the valve leaflets. Incorporation of BPGs into the heart valve leaflet increased tissue overall GAG content. The presence of BPGs also significantly increased the micromodulus of the spongiosa layer within the BHV without compromising the chemical fixation process used to sterilize and strengthen the tissue prior to implantation. These findings suggest that a targeted approach for molecularly engineering valve leaflet ECM through the use of BPGs may be a viable way to improve the mechanical behavior and potential durability of BHVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Petrovic
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Kahle
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michele S. Marcolongo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Thomas J, Chopra V, Rajput S, Guha R, Chattopadhyay N, Ghosh D. Post-Implantation Stiffening by a Bioinspired, Double-Network, Self-Healing Hydrogel Facilitates Minimally Invasive Cell Delivery for Cartilage Regeneration. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37376790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels have demonstrated advantages in cartilage repair by enabling the delivery of cells through a minimally invasive approach. However, several injectable hydrogels suffer from rapid degradation and low mechanical strength. Moreover, higher mechanical stiffness in hydrogels can have a detrimental effect on post-implantation cell viability. To address these challenges, we developed an in situ forming bioinspired double network hydrogel (BDNH) that exhibits temperature-dependent stiffening after implantation. The BDNH mimics the microarchitecture of aggrecan, with hyaluronic acid-conjugated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) providing rigidity and Schiff base crosslinked polymers serving as the ductile counterpart. BDNHs exhibited self-healing property and enhanced stiffness at physiological temperature. Excellent cell viability, long time cell proliferation, and cartilage specific matrix production were observed in the chondrocytes cultured in the BDNH hydrogel. Evidence of cartilage regeneration in a rabbit cartilage defect model using chondrocyte-laden BDNH has suggested it to be a potential candidate for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijo Thomas
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Vianni Chopra
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Swati Rajput
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Rajdeep Guha
- Laboratory Animal Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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3
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Samouillan V, Garcia E, Benitez-Amaro A, La Chica Lhoëst MT, Dandurand J, Actis Dato V, Guerra JM, Escolà-Gil JC, Chiabrando G, Enrich C, Llorente-Cortes V. Inhibitory Effects of LRP1-Based Immunotherapy on Cardiac Extracellular Matrix Biophysical Alterations Induced by Hypercholesterolemia. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6251-6262. [PMID: 37116069 PMCID: PMC10184115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of lipids in cardiomyocytes contributes to cardiac dysfunction. The specific blockage of cardiomyocyte cholesteryl ester (CE) loading by antibodies (Abs) against the P3 sequence (Gly1127-Cys1140) of the LRP1 receptor improves cardiac insulin sensitivity. The impact of anti-P3 Abs on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) biophysical alterations was analyzed. Both IrP (without Abs) and P3-immunized rabbits (with Abs) were randomized into groups fed either HFD or a standard chow diet. Cardiac lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflectance mode. The hydric organization and physical structure were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. HFD increased the levels of esterified lipids, collagen, and α-helical structures and upregulated fibrosis, bound water, and ECM plasticization in the heart. The inhibitory effect of anti-P3 Abs on cardiac CE accumulation was sufficient to reduce the collagen-filled extracellular space, the level of fibrosis, and the amount of bound water but did not counteract ECM plasticization in the heart of hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Samouillan
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Equipe PHYPOL, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Eduardo Garcia
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB SANTPAU), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB SANTPAU), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa La Chica Lhoëst
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB SANTPAU), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jany Dandurand
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Equipe PHYPOL, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Virginia Actis Dato
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Godoy Cruz, 2290 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jose Maria Guerra
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-SANTPAU), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Metabolic Basis of Cardiovascular Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Chiabrando
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Centro de Investigación en Medicina Translacional Severo R. Amuchástegui (CIMETSA), G. V. al Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC), X5016KEJ Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortes
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB SANTPAU), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Abdelfadiel E, Gunta R, Villuri BK, Afosah DK, Sankaranarayanan NV, Desai UR. Designing Smaller, Synthetic, Functional Mimetics of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans as Allosteric Modulators of Coagulation Factors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4503-4531. [PMID: 37001055 PMCID: PMC10108365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are arguably the most diverse collection of natural products. Unfortunately, this bounty of structures remains untapped. Decades of research has realized only one GAG-like synthetic, small-molecule drug, fondaparinux. This represents an abysmal output because GAGs present a frontier that few medicinal chemists, and even fewer pharmaceutical companies, dare to undertake. GAGs are heterogeneous, polymeric, polydisperse, highly water soluble, synthetically challenging, too rapidly cleared, and difficult to analyze. Additionally, GAG binding to proteins is not very selective and GAG-binding sites are shallow. This Perspective attempts to transform this negative view into a much more promising one by highlighting recent advances in GAG mimetics. The Perspective focuses on the principles used in the design/discovery of drug-like, synthetic, sulfated small molecules as allosteric modulators of coagulation factors, such as antithrombin, thrombin, and factor XIa. These principles will also aid the design/discovery of sulfated agents against cancer, inflammation, and microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsamani
I. Abdelfadiel
- Institute
for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Rama Gunta
- Institute
for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Bharath Kumar Villuri
- Institute
for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Daniel K. Afosah
- Institute
for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Nehru Viji Sankaranarayanan
- Institute
for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Umesh R. Desai
- Institute
for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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5
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Yang XX, Yip CH, Zhao S, Ho YP, Chan BP. A bio-inspired nano-material recapitulating the composition, ultra-structure, and function of the glycosaminoglycan-rich extracellular matrix of nucleus pulposus. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121991. [PMID: 36586145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus pulposus (NP) of intervertebral disc represents a soft gel consisting of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)-rich extracellular matrix (ECM). Significant loss of GAGs and normal functions are the most prevalent changes in degenerated disc. Attempts targeted to incorporate GAGs into collagen fibrous matrices have been made but the efficiency is very low, and the resulting structures showed no similarity with native NP. Inspired by the characteristic composition and structures of the ECM of native NP, here, we hypothesize that by chemically modifying the collagen (Col) and hyaluronic acid (HA) and co-precipitating with GAGs, a bio-inspired nano-material recapitulating the composition, ultra-structure and function of the GAG-rich ECM will be fabricated. Compositionally, the bio-inspired nano-material namely Aminated Collagen-Aminated Hyaluronic Acid-GAG (aCol-aHA-GAG) shows a record high GAG/hydroxyproline ratio up to 39.1:1 in a controllable manner, out-performing that of the native NP. Ultra-structurally, the nano-material recapitulates the characteristic 'nano-beads' (25 nm) and 'bottle-brushes' (133 nm) features as those found in native NP. Functionally, the nano-material supports the viability and maintains the morphological and phenotypic markers of bovine NP cells, and shows comparable mechanical properties of native NP. This work contributes to the development of a compositionally, structurally, and functionally biomimetic nano-material for NP tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Yang
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chi-Hung Yip
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Shirui Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Barbara Pui Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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6
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Wang C, Kahle ER, Li Q, Han L. Nanomechanics of Aggrecan: A New Perspective on Cartilage Biomechanics, Disease and Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1402:69-82. [PMID: 37052847 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-25588-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a hydrated macromolecular composite mainly composed of type II collagen fibrils and the large proteoglycan, aggrecan. Aggrecan is a key determinant of the load bearing and energy dissipation functions of cartilage. Previously, studies of cartilage biomechanics have been primarily focusing on the macroscopic, tissue-level properties, which failed to elucidate the molecular-level activities that govern cartilage development, function, and disease. This chapter provides a brief summary of Dr. Alan J. Grodzinsky's seminal contribution to the understanding of aggrecan molecular mechanics at the nanoscopic level. By developing and applying a series of atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanomechanical tools, Grodzinsky and colleagues revealed the unique structural and mechanical characteristics of aggrecan at unprecedented resolutions. In this body of work, the "bottle-brush"-like ultrastructure of aggrecan was directly visualized for the first time. Meanwhile, molecular mechanics of aggrecan was studied using a physiological-like 2D biomimetic assembly of aggrecan on multiple fronts, including compression, dynamic loading, shear, and adhesion. These studies not only generated new insights into the development, aging, and disease of cartilage, but established a foundation for designing and evaluating novel cartilage regeneration strategies. For example, building on the scientific foundation and methodology infrastructure established by Dr. Grodzinsky, recent studies have elucidated the roles of other proteoglycans in mediating cartilage integrity, such as decorin and perlecan, and evaluated the therapeutic potential of biomimetic proteoglycans in improving cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Kahle
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qing Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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7
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Kahle ER, Patel N, Sreenivasappa HB, Marcolongo MS, Han L. Targeting cell-matrix interface mechanobiology by integrating AFM with fluorescence microscopy. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 176:67-81. [PMID: 36055517 PMCID: PMC9691605 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensing at the interface of a cell and its surrounding microenvironment is an essential driving force of physiological processes. Understanding molecular activities at the cell-matrix interface has the potential to provide novel targets for improving tissue regeneration and early disease intervention. In the past few decades, the advancement of atomic force microscopy (AFM) has offered a unique platform for probing mechanobiology at this crucial microdomain. In this review, we describe key advances under this topic through the use of an integrated system of AFM (as a biomechanical testing tool) with complementary immunofluorescence (IF) imaging (as an in situ navigation system). We first describe the body of work investigating the micromechanics of the pericellular matrix (PCM), the immediate cell micro-niche, in healthy, diseased, and genetically modified tissues, with a focus on articular cartilage. We then summarize the key findings in understanding cellular biomechanics and mechanotransduction, in which, molecular mechanisms governing transmembrane ion channel-mediated mechanosensing, cytoskeleton remodeling, and nucleus remodeling have been studied in various cell and tissue types. Lastly, we provide an overview of major technical advances that have enabled more in-depth studies of mechanobiology, including the integration of AFM with a side-view microscope, multiple optomicroscopy, a fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) module, and a tensile stretching device. The innovations described here have contributed greatly to advancing the fundamental knowledge of extracellular matrix biomechanics and cell mechanobiology for improved understanding, detection, and intervention of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Kahle
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Neil Patel
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Harini B Sreenivasappa
- Cell Imaging Center, Office of Research and Innovation, Drexel University, PA 19104, United States
| | - Michele S Marcolongo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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8
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Importance of Matrix Cues on Intervertebral Disc Development, Degeneration, and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136915. [PMID: 35805921 PMCID: PMC9266338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Back pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and is frequently caused by degeneration of the intervertebral discs. The discs’ development, homeostasis, and degeneration are driven by a complex series of biochemical and physical extracellular matrix cues produced by and transmitted to native cells. Thus, understanding the roles of different cues is essential for designing effective cellular and regenerative therapies. Omics technologies have helped identify many new matrix cues; however, comparatively few matrix molecules have thus far been incorporated into tissue engineered models. These include collagen type I and type II, laminins, glycosaminoglycans, and their biomimetic analogues. Modern biofabrication techniques, such as 3D bioprinting, are also enabling the spatial patterning of matrix molecules and growth factors to direct regional effects. These techniques should now be applied to biochemically, physically, and structurally relevant disc models incorporating disc and stem cells to investigate the drivers of healthy cell phenotype and differentiation. Such research will inform the development of efficacious regenerative therapies and improved clinical outcomes.
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Nguyen M, Panitch A. Proteoglycans and proteoglycan mimetics for tissue engineering. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C754-C761. [PMID: 35235426 PMCID: PMC8993519 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00442.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans play a crucial role in proper tissue morphology and function throughout the body that is defined by a combination of their core protein and the attached glycosaminoglycan chains. Although they serve a myriad of roles, the functions of extracellular proteoglycans can be generally sorted into four categories: modulation of tissue mechanical properties, regulation and protection of the extracellular matrix, sequestering of proteins, and regulation of cell signaling. The loss of proteoglycans can result in significant tissue disfunction, ranging from poor mechanical properties to uncontrolled inflammation. Because of the key roles they play in proper tissue function and due to their complex synthesis, the past two decades have seen significant research into the development of proteoglycan mimetic molecules to recapitulate the function of proteoglycans for therapeutic and tissue engineering applications. These strategies have ranged from semisynthetic graft copolymers to recombinant proteoglycan domains synthesized by genetically engineered cells. In this review, we highlight some of the important functions of extracellular proteoglycans, as well as the strategies developed to recapitulate these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Surgery, UC Davis Health, University of California, Sacramento, CA, United States
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10
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Kahle ER, Han B, Chandrasekaran P, Phillips ER, Mulcahey MK, Lu XL, Marcolongo MS, Han L. Molecular Engineering of Pericellular Microniche via Biomimetic Proteoglycans Modulates Cell Mechanobiology. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1220-1230. [PMID: 35015500 PMCID: PMC9271520 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular engineering of biological tissues using synthetic mimics of native matrix molecules can modulate the mechanical properties of the cellular microenvironment through physical interactions with existing matrix molecules, and in turn, mediate the corresponding cell mechanobiology. In articular cartilage, the pericellular matrix (PCM) is the immediate microniche that regulates cell fate, signaling, and metabolism. The negatively charged osmo-environment, as endowed by PCM proteoglycans, is a key biophysical cue for cell mechanosensing. This study demonstrated that biomimetic proteoglycans (BPGs), which mimic the ultrastructure and polyanionic nature of native proteoglycans, can be used to molecularly engineer PCM micromechanics and cell mechanotransduction in cartilage. Upon infiltration into bovine cartilage explant, we showed that localization of BPGs in the PCM leads to increased PCM micromodulus and enhanced chondrocyte intracellular calcium signaling. Applying molecular force spectroscopy, we revealed that BPGs integrate with native PCM through augmenting the molecular adhesion of aggrecan, the major PCM proteoglycan, at the nanoscale. These interactions are enabled by the biomimetic "bottle-brush" ultrastructure of BPGs and facilitate the integration of BPGs within the PCM. Thus, this class of biomimetic molecules can be used for modulating molecular interactions of pericellular proteoglycans and harnessing cell mechanosensing. Because the PCM is a prevalent feature of various cell types, BPGs hold promising potential for improving regeneration and disease modification for not only cartilage-related healthcare but many other tissues and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Kahle
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Biao Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Prashant Chandrasekaran
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Evan R. Phillips
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Mary K. Mulcahey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - X. Lucas Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Michele S. Marcolongo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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11
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Thomas J, Chopra V, Sharma A, Panwar V, Kaushik S, Rajput S, Mittal M, Guha R, Chattopadhyay N, Ghosh D. An injectable hydrogel having proteoglycan-like hierarchical structure supports chondrocytes delivery and chondrogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:474-486. [PMID: 34508717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The ECM of cartilage is composed of proteoglycans (PG) that contain glycosaminoglycan (GAG), aggrecan, hyaluronic acid (HA) and other molecular components which play an important role in regulating chondrocyte functions via cell-matrix interactions, integrin-mediated signalling etc. Implantation of chondrocytes encapsulated in scaffolds that mimic the micro-architecture of proteoglycan, is expected to enhance cartilage repair. With an aim to create a hydrogel having macromolecular structure that resembles the cartilage-specific ECM, we constructed a hierarchal structure that mimic the PG. The bottle brush structure of the aggrecan was obtained using chondroitin sulphate and carboxymethyl cellulose which served as GAG and core protein mimic respectively. A proteoglycan-like structure was obtained by cross-linking it with modified chitosan that served as a HA substitute. The physico-chemical characteristics of the above cross-linked injectable hydrogel supported long term human articular chondrocyte subsistence and excellent post-injection viability. The chondrocytes encapsulated in the PMH expressed significant levels of articular cartilage specific markers like collagen II, aggrecan, GAGs etc., indicating the ability of the hydrogel to support chondrocyte differentiation. The biocompatibility and biodegradability of the hydrogels was confirmed using suitable in vivo studies. The results revealed that the PG-mimetic hydrogel could serve as a promising scaffold for chondrocyte implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijo Thomas
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Vianni Chopra
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anjana Sharma
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Vineeta Panwar
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Swati Kaushik
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Swati Rajput
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Monika Mittal
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Rajdeep Guha
- Laboratory Animal Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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12
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Xie R, Yao H, Mao AS, Zhu Y, Qi D, Jia Y, Gao M, Chen Y, Wang L, Wang DA, Wang K, Liu S, Ren L, Mao C. Biomimetic cartilage-lubricating polymers regenerate cartilage in rats with early osteoarthritis. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:1189-1201. [PMID: 34608279 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The early stages of progressive degeneration of cartilage in articular joints are a hallmark of osteoarthritis. Healthy cartilage is lubricated by brush-like cartilage-binding nanofibres with a hyaluronan backbone and two key side chains (lubricin and lipid). Here, we show that hyaluronan backbones grafted with lubricin-like sulfonate-rich polymers or with lipid-like phosphocholine-rich polymers together enhance cartilage regeneration in a rat model of early osteoarthritis. These biomimetic brush-like nanofibres show a high affinity for cartilage proteins, form a lubrication layer on the cartilage surface and efficiently lubricate damaged human cartilage, lowering its friction coefficient to the low levels typical of native cartilage. Intra-articular injection of the two types of nanofibre into rats with surgically induced osteoarthritic joints led to cartilage regeneration and to the abrogation of osteoarthritis within 8 weeks. Biocompatible injectable lubricants that facilitate cartilage regeneration may offer a translational strategy for the treatment of early osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjian Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | | | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Dawei Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongguang Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-An Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sa Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Li Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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13
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Vlcek JR, Reynolds MM, Kipper MJ. Enzymatic Degradation of Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycan-Mimetic Materials in Solution and on Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Surfaces. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3913-3925. [PMID: 34347454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) play many important roles in biology, contributing to the mechanical properties of tissues, helping to organize extracellular matrix components, and participating in signaling mechanisms related to mechanotransduction, cell differentiation, immune responses, and wound healing. Our lab has designed two different types of PG mimics: polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (PCNs) and PG-mimetic graft copolymers (GCs), both of which are prepared using naturally occurring glycosaminoglycans. This work evaluates the enzymatic stability of these PG mimics using hyaluronidases (I-S, IV-S, and II), chondroitinase ABC, and lysozyme, for PG mimics suspended in solution and adsorbed onto surfaces. Hyaluronan (HA)- and chondroitin sulfate (CS)-containing PG mimics are degraded by the hyaluronidases. PCNs prepared with CS and GCs prepared with heparin are the only CS- and HA-containing PG mimics protected from chondroitinase ABC. None of the materials are measurably degraded by lysozyme. Adsorption to polyelectrolyte multilayer surfaces protects PG mimics from degradation, compared to when PG mimics are combined with enzymes in solution; all surfaces are still intact after 21 days of enzyme exposure. This work reveals how the stability of PG mimics is controlled by both the composition and macromolecular assembly of the PG mimic and also by the size and specificity of the enzyme. Understanding and tuning these degradation susceptibilities are essential for advancing their applications in cardiovascular materials, orthopedic materials, and growth factor delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessi R Vlcek
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Melissa M Reynolds
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.,School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.,School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Matt J Kipper
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.,School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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14
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Collis DWP, Yilmaz G, Yuan Y, Monaco A, Ochbaum G, Shi Y, O'Malley C, Uzunova V, Napier R, Bitton R, Becer CR, Azevedo HS. Hyaluronan (HA)-inspired glycopolymers as molecular tools for studying HA functions. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:568-576. [PMID: 34458800 PMCID: PMC8341579 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00223b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), the only non-sulphated glycosaminoglycan, serves numerous structural and biological functions in the human body, from providing viscoelasticity in tissues to creating hydrated environments for cell migration and proliferation. HA is also involved in the regulation of morphogenesis, inflammation and tumorigenesis through interactions with specific HA-binding proteins. Whilst the physicochemical and biological properties of HA have been widely studied for decades, the exact mechanisms by which HA exerts its multiple functions are not completely understood. Glycopolymers offer a simple and precise synthetic platform for the preparation of glycan analogues, being an alternative to the demanding synthetic chemical glycosylation. A library of homo, statistical and alternating HA glycopolymers were synthesised by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerisation and post-modification utilising copper alkyne-azide cycloaddition to graft orthogonal pendant HA monosaccharides (N-acetyl glucosamine: GlcNAc and glucuronic acid: GlcA) onto the polymer. Using surface plasmon resonance, the binding of the glycopolymers to known HA-binding peptides and proteins (CD44, hyaluronidase) was assessed and compared to carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins). These studies revealed potential structure-binding relationships between HA monosaccharides and HA receptors and novel HA binders, such as Dectin-1 and DEC-205 lectins. The inhibitory effect of HA glycopolymers on hyaluronidase (HAase) activity was also investigated suggesting GlcNAc- and GlcA-based glycopolymers as potential HAase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic W P Collis
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Yichen Yuan
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - Alessandra Monaco
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Guy Ochbaum
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Ilza Katz, Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Yejiao Shi
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - Clare O'Malley
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | | | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Ronit Bitton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Ilza Katz, Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - C Remzi Becer
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Helena S Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
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15
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Owji MS, Varedi M, Naghibalhossaini F, Pajouhi N. Thyroid Function Modulates Lung Fluid and Alveolar Viscoelasticity in Mechanically Ventilated Rat. J Surg Res 2020; 253:272-279. [PMID: 32402852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical ventilation (MV) is life saving; yet it may induce severe lung injury and lead to multisystem organ failure and death. Thyroid hormones (THs) promote alveolar fluid clearance and alleviates hypoxia-induced lung injury. Given that the mechanism involved in hypoxia-induced lung injury is different from that of ventilator-induced lung injury, we examined the effects of thyroid function on lung extravascular fluid (LF), aquaporin 5 (AQP 5) expression, and alveolar viscoelasticity (AVE) in mechanically ventilated rat. METHODS Hypothyroid (hypo) and hyperthyroid (hyper) animals were generated by administration of metimazole and L-thyroxine, respectively. Lung injury was induced by high-tidal volume MV. The LF was estimated by lung wet weight-to-dry weight ratio assessment. Expression of AQP 5 was evaluated by western blotting and in situ immunohistochemistry. The AVE was judged by elastic lung pressure/volume curve recording. RESULTS Injurious MV significantly reduced lung AQP 5 expression and altered LF and AVE in a thyroid function-dependent manner. Regardless of animals' ventilation mode, hyper state caused significant reductions in LF and lung AQP 5 protein. It also improved AVE irrespective of animals' ventilation mode. The effects of hypo condition on LF, AQP 5 expression, and AVE were in contrast to that of hyper state. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that thyroid function has profound effects on LF, AQP 5, and AVE in mechanically ventilated lungs. Given that the effects of thyroidal status were as prominent as that of injurious MV, we suggest that thyroid function should be considered when patients are to be subjected to MV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Owji
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Varedi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Nasser Pajouhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran
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16
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Walimbe T, Panitch A. Proteoglycans in Biomedicine: Resurgence of an Underexploited Class of ECM Molecules. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1661. [PMID: 32082161 PMCID: PMC7000921 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans have emerged as biomacromolecules with important roles in matrix remodeling, homeostasis, and signaling in the past two decades. Due to their negatively charged glycosaminoglycan chains as well as distinct core protein structures, they interact with a variety of molecules, including matrix proteins, growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, pathogens, and enzymes. This led to the dawn of glycan therapies in the 20th century, but this research was quickly overshadowed by readily available DNA and protein-based therapies. The recent development of recombinant technology and advances in our understanding of proteoglycan function have led to a resurgence of these molecules as potential therapeutics. This review focuses on the recent preclinical efforts that are bringing proteoglycan research and therapies back to the forefront. Examples of studies using proteoglycan cores and mimetics have also been included to give the readers a perspective on the wide-ranging and extensive applications of these versatile molecules. Collectively, these advances are opening new avenues for targeting diseases at a molecular level, and providing avenues for the development of new and exciting treatments in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaya Walimbe
- Laboratory of Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Laboratory of Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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17
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Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Glycosaminoglycan and Proteoglycan Biotherapeutics in Articular Cartilage Protection and Repair Strategies: Novel Approaches to Visco‐supplementation in Orthobiologics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Hayes
- Bioimaging Research HubCardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX Wales UK
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research LaboratoriesKolling Institute of Medical ResearchRoyal North Shore Hospital and The Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of Sydney St. Leonards NSW 2065 Australia
- Sydney Medical SchoolNorthernRoyal North Shore HospitalSydney University St. Leonards NSW 2065 Australia
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18
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Kriete AS, Prudnikova K, Marcolongo MS. Modulating physical properties of porcine urethra with injection of novel biomimetic proteoglycans ex vivo. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20190013. [PMID: 31263533 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2019.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary incontinence is a significant challenge for women who are affected by it. We propose augmenting the tissue structure to restore normal biomechanics by molecularly engineering the tissue using a novel family of biomimetic proteoglycans (BPGs). This work examines the ability of BPGs to modulate the mechanical and physical properties of porcine urethras ex vivo to determine the feasibility of BPGs to be implemented as molecular treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). We investigated compliance by performing a unique radial expansion testing method using urethras from six- to nine-month-old pigs. The urethras were injected with 0.5 ml BPG solution at three sites every approximately 120° (conc.: 25 mg ml-1, 50 mg ml-1 and 75 mg ml-1 in 1× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); n = 4 per group) and compared them with PBS-injected controls. Young's modulus was calculated by treating the urethra as a thin-walled pressure vessel. A water uptake study was performed by soaking 10 mm urethra biopsy samples that were injected with 0.1 ml BPG solution (conc.: 50 mg ml-1, 100 mg ml-1 and 200 mg ml-1 in 1× PBS; n = 6 per group) in 5 ml PBS for 24 h. Although there was no significant difference in Young's modulus data, there were differences between groups as can be seen in the raw radial expansion testing data. Results showed that BPGs have the potential to increase hydration in samples, and that there was a significant difference in water uptake between BPG-injected samples and the controls (100 mg ml-1 samples versus PBS samples, p < 0.05). This work shows that BPGs have the potential to be implemented as a molecular treatment for SUI, by restoring the diminished proteoglycan content and subsequently increasing hydration and improving the compliance of urethral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia S Kriete
- Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Phillips ER, Haislup BD, Bertha N, Lefchak M, Sincavage J, Prudnikova K, Shallop B, Mulcahey MK, Marcolongo MS. Biomimetic proteoglycans diffuse throughout articular cartilage and localize within the pericellular matrix. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:1977-1987. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan R. Phillips
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | | | - Nicholas Bertha
- College of Medicine Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Maria Lefchak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Sincavage
- School of Biomedical Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Katsiaryna Prudnikova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Brandon Shallop
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Drexel University College of Medicine/Hahnemann University Hospital Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Mary K. Mulcahey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans Louisiana
| | - Michele S. Marcolongo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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20
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Moorehead C, Prudnikova K, Marcolongo M. The regulatory effects of proteoglycans on collagen fibrillogenesis and morphology investigated using biomimetic proteoglycans. J Struct Biol 2019; 206:204-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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21
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Phillips ER, Prudnikova K, Bui T, Taylor AJ, Galindo DA, Huneke RB, Hou JS, Mulcahey MK, Marcolongo MS. Biomimetic proteoglycans can molecularly engineer early osteoarthritic cartilage in vivo. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:403-411. [PMID: 30480335 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic proteoglycans (BPGs) have the potential to treat osteoarthritis (OA) given that these molecules mimic the structure and properties of natural proteoglycans, which are significantly reduced in OA. We examined the effects of BPGs injected into the intra-articular space in an in vivo OA rabbit knee model and evaluated the effect on histological response, joint friction, and BPG distribution and retention. Rabbits underwent ACL transection to create an arthritic state after 5 weeks. OA rabbits were treated with BPGs or Euflexxa® (hyaluronic acid) intra-articular injections. Non-OA rabbits were injected similarly with BPGs; contralateral joints served as controls. The progression of OA and response to injections were evaluated using Mankin and gross grading systems indicating that mild OA was achieved in operated joints. The coefficient of friction (COF) of the intact knee joints were measured using a custom pendulum friction apparatus, showing that OA joints and OA + Euflexxa® joints demonstrated increased COF than non-operated controls, while BPG-injected non-OA and OA + BPGs were not significantly different from non-OA controls. Injected fluorescently labeled BPGs demonstrated that BPGs diffused into cartilage with localization in the pericellular region. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:403-411, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan R Phillips
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Katsiaryna Prudnikova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Tuan Bui
- College of Medicine, Drexel University, 2900 W Queen Lane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19129
| | - Adam J Taylor
- College of Medicine, Drexel University, 2900 W Queen Lane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19129
| | - Diego A Galindo
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Line Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19131
| | - Richard B Huneke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, 245 N 15th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19102
| | - J Steve Hou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Drexel University, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19102
| | - Mary K Mulcahey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue Box 8632 Box 8632, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112
| | - Michele S Marcolongo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
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22
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Yang J, Jiang S, Guan Y, Deng J, Lou S, Feng D, Kong D, Li C. Pancreatic islet surface engineering with a starPEG-chondroitin sulfate nanocoating. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:2308-2316. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00061e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is one of the most promising therapeutic options that could restore euglycaemia in type 1 diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192
- China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics
- Tianjin 300199
- China
| | - Yong Guan
- Department of Pediatric Urology
- Tianjin Children's Hospital
- Tianjin 300134
- China
| | - Juan Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192
- China
| | - Shaofeng Lou
- Department of Basic Science
- Army Military Transportation University
- Tianjin 300161
- China
| | - Dandan Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192
- China
| | - Deling Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Life Sciences
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Chen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192
- China
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Petrov OV, Stapf S. Multicomponent analysis of T 1 relaxation in bovine articular cartilage at low magnetic fields. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:2858-2868. [PMID: 30537283 PMCID: PMC6718012 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The multi‐exponential character of T1 relaxation in bovine articular cartilage was investigated at low magnetic fields below 0.5 T. The ultimate aim was to identify a parameter based on the T1 relaxation time distribution as a biomarker to biochemical features of osteoarthritis. Methods Osteoarthritis conditions were simulated by enzymatic digestion of cartilage with trypsin. Fast‐field cycling NMR relaxometry was carried out in the magnetic field range B0 = 70 μT to 600 mT. The data were analyzed in terms of T1 distributions on a log‐time scale using inverse Laplace transform, whereas integral properties such as mean T1s and distribution widths were obtained without data inversion from logarithmic moment analysis and a stretched‐exponential fit to the data. Attempts were also made to differentiate between water dynamic components through multi‐Lorentzian decomposition of average relaxation‐rate dispersions. Results T1 distribution in bovine articular cartilage was found to be bimodal, with the dominating, long component shifting toward larger values following trypsin digestion. The effect is more prominent toward lower magnetic field strength. This shift leads to an overall increase of the distribution width and an equivalently more pronounced deviation from exponential behavior. Conclusion The logarithmic width of T1 distribution functions at fields of 0.5 T and below, and the stretched‐exponential decay fit exponent β, show a significant trend after trypsin digestion of cartilage. These 2 parameters are suggested as possible biomarkers for osteoarthritis in humans and can be acquired entirely in vivo, with increasing significance for lower magnetic field strengths.
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25
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Navarro LA, French DL, Zauscher S. Synthesis of Modular Brush Polymer-Protein Hybrids Using Diazotransfer and Copper Click Chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2594-2605. [PMID: 30001617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans are important brush-like biomacromolecules, which serve a variety of functions in the human body. While protein-bottlebrush hybrids are promising proteoglycan mimics, many challenges still exist to robustly produce such polymers. In this paper, we report the modular synthesis of protein-brush hybrids containing elastin-like polypeptides (ELP) as model proteins by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. We exploit the recently discovered imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide (ISA) in a diazotransfer reaction to introduce an N-terminal azide onto an ELP. Next, we use a click reaction to couple the azido-ELP to an alkyne-terminated amine-rich polymer followed by a second diazotransfer step to produce an azide-rich backbone that serves as a scaffold. Finally, we used a second click reaction to graft alkyne-terminated poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA) bristles to the azide-rich backbone to produce the final protein-bottlebrush hybrid. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this synthetic path at each step through careful characterization with 1H NMR, FTIR, GPC, and diagnostic test reactions on SDS-PAGE. Final reaction products could be consistently obtained for a variety of different molecular weight backbones with final total grafting efficiencies around 70%. The high-yielding reactions employed in this highly modular approach allow for the synthesis of protein-bottlebrush hybrids with different proteins and brush polymers. Additionally, the mild reaction conditions used have the potential to avoid damage to proteins during synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Navarro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science , Duke University , 101 Science Drive , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Daniel L French
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science , Duke University , 101 Science Drive , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Stefan Zauscher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science , Duke University , 101 Science Drive , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
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Aggrecan-like biomimetic proteoglycans (BPGs) composed of natural chondroitin sulfate bristles grafted onto a poly(acrylic acid) core for molecular engineering of the extracellular matrix. Acta Biomater 2018; 75:93-104. [PMID: 29753911 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic proteoglycans (BPGs) were designed to mimic the three-dimensional (3D) bottlebrush architecture of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycans, such as aggrecan. BPGs were synthesized by grafting native chondroitin sulfate bristles onto a synthetic poly(acrylic acid) core to form BPGs at a molecular weight of approximately ∼1.6 MDa. The aggrecan mimics were characterized chemically, physically, and structurally, confirming the 3D bottlebrush architecture as well as a level of water uptake, which is greater than that of the natural proteoglycan, aggrecan. Aggrecan mimics were cytocompatible at physiological concentrations. Fluorescently labeled BPGs were injected into the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc ex vivo and were retained in tissue before and after static loading and equilibrium conditioning. BPGs infiltrated the tissue, distributed and integrated with the ECM on a molecular scale, in the absence of a bolus, thus demonstrating a new molecular approach to tissue repair: molecular matrix engineering. Molecular matrix engineering may compliment or offer an acellular alternative to current regenerative medicine strategies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Aggrecan is a natural biomolecule that is essential for connective tissue hydration and mechanics. Aggrecan is composed of negatively charged chondroitin sulfate bristles attached to a protein core in a bottlebrush configuration. With age and degeneration, enzymatic degradation of aggrecan outpaces cellular synthesis resulting in a loss of this important molecule. We demonstrate a novel biomimetic molecule composed of natural chondroitin sulfate bristles grafted onto an enzymatically-resistant synthetic core. Our molecule mimics a 3D architecture and charge density of the natural aggrecan, can be delivered via a simple injection and is retained in tissue after equilibrium conditioning and loading. This novel material can serve as a platform for molecular repair, drug delivery and tissue engineering in regenerative medicine approaches.
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Chang AB, Lin TP, Thompson NB, Luo SX, Liberman-Martin AL, Chen HY, Lee B, Grubbs RH. Design, Synthesis, and Self-Assembly of Polymers with Tailored Graft Distributions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17683-17693. [PMID: 29117478 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Grafting density and graft distribution impact the chain dimensions and physical properties of polymers. However, achieving precise control over these structural parameters presents long-standing synthetic challenges. In this report, we introduce a versatile strategy to synthesize polymers with tailored architectures via grafting-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). One-pot copolymerization of an ω-norbornenyl macromonomer and a discrete norbornenyl comonomer (diluent) provides opportunities to control the backbone sequence and therefore the side chain distribution. Toward sequence control, the homopolymerization kinetics of 23 diluents were studied, representing diverse variations in the stereochemistry, anchor groups, and substituents. These modifications tuned the homopolymerization rate constants over 2 orders of magnitude (0.36 M-1 s-1 < khomo < 82 M-1 s-1). Rate trends were identified and elucidated by complementary mechanistic and density functional theory (DFT) studies. Building on this foundation, complex architectures were achieved through copolymerizations of selected diluents with a poly(d,l-lactide) (PLA), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), or polystyrene (PS) macromonomer. The cross-propagation rate constants were obtained by nonlinear least-squares fitting of the instantaneous comonomer concentrations according to the Mayo-Lewis terminal model. In-depth kinetic analyses indicate a wide range of accessible macromonomer/diluent reactivity ratios (0.08 < r1/r2 < 20), corresponding to blocky, gradient, or random backbone sequences. We further demonstrated the versatility of this copolymerization approach by synthesizing AB graft diblock polymers with tapered, uniform, and inverse-tapered molecular "shapes." Small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of the self-assembled structures illustrates effects of the graft distribution on the domain spacing and backbone conformation. Collectively, the insights provided herein into the ROMP mechanism, monomer design, and homo- and copolymerization rate trends offer a general strategy for the design and synthesis of graft polymers with arbitrary architectures. Controlled copolymerization therefore expands the parameter space for molecular and materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Chang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Tzu-Pin Lin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Niklas B Thompson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Shao-Xiong Luo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Allegra L Liberman-Martin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Hsiang-Yun Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Robert H Grubbs
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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