1
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Peng L, Matellan C, Bosch-Fortea M, Gonzalez-Molina J, Frigerio M, Salentinig S, Del Rio Hernandez A, Gautrot JE. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Sense the Toughness of Nanomaterials and Interfaces. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203297. [PMID: 36717365 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are known to sense and respond to the mechanical properties of biomaterials. In turn, cells exert forces on their environment that can lead to striking changes in shape, size and contraction of associated tissues, and may result in mechanical disruption and functional failure. However, no study has so far correlated stem cell phenotype and biomaterials toughness. Indeed, disentangling toughness-mediated cell response from other mechanosensing processes has remained elusive as it is particularly challenging to uncouple Youngs' or shear moduli from toughness, within a range relevant to cell-generated forces. In this report, it is shown how the design of the macromolecular architecture of polymer nanosheets regulates interfacial toughness, independently of interfacial shear storage modulus, and how this controls the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells at liquid interfaces. The viscoelasticity and toughness of poly(l-lysine) nanosheets assembled at liquid-liquid interfaces is characterised via interfacial shear rheology. The local (microscale) mechanics of nanosheets are characterised via magnetic tweezer-assisted interfacial microrheology and the thickness of these assemblies is determined from in situ ellipsometry. Finally, the response of mesenchymal stem cells to adhesion and culture at corresponding interfaces is investigated via immunostaining and confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Peng
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.,Cellular and Molecular Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Carlos Matellan
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Minerva Bosch-Fortea
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.,Cellular and Molecular Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jordi Gonzalez-Molina
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.,Cellular and Molecular Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Matteo Frigerio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Salentinig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Armando Del Rio Hernandez
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Julien E Gautrot
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.,Cellular and Molecular Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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2
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Inam W, Bhadane R, Akpolat RN, Taiseer RA, Filippov SK, Salo‐Ahen OMH, Rosenholm JM, Zhang H. Interactions between polymeric nanoparticles and different buffers as investigated by zeta potential measurements and molecular dynamics simulations. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20210009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wali Inam
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
| | - Rajendra Bhadane
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
| | - Rukiye Nur Akpolat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
- Department of Pharmacy Ministry of Health Alaca Public Hospital Alaca Corum Turkey
| | - Rifahul Abrar Taiseer
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
| | - Sergey K. Filippov
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
| | - Outi M. H. Salo‐Ahen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
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3
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Liu J, Wu WJ, Sun XL, Qian QR, Xiao LR. Degradable polymeric nanomaterials with a high solid content and multiple morphologies by polymerization-induced self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3182-3185. [PMID: 35171182 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00014h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of degradable polymeric nanomaterials with a high solid content and multiple morphologies is highly desirable but still challenging. Here, the RAFT dispersion polymerization of styrene and 5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane was demonstrated to achieve various morphologies, including spheres, vesicles, worms, and large compound vesicles, with a high solid content through polymerization-induced self-assembly, which opens up a new avenue for the preparation of degradable polymeric nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China. .,College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Xiao-Li Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China. .,College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Qing-Rong Qian
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China. .,College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Li-Ren Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
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4
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Huang Y, Yang J, Liu X, Wang X, Zhu K, Ling Z, Zeng B, Chen N, Liu S, Wei F. Cationic Polymer Brush-Modified Carbon Nanotube-Meditated eRNA LINC02569 Silencing Attenuates Nucleus Pulposus Degeneration by Blocking NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Alleviate Cell Senescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:837777. [PMID: 35111765 PMCID: PMC8802762 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.837777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that synthesized at active enhancers. eRNAs have important regulatory characteristics and appear to be significant for maintenance of cell identity and information processing. Series of functional eRNAs have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for multiple diseases. Nevertheless, the role of eRNAs on intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is still unknown yet. Herein, we utilized the nucleus pulposus samples of patients and identified a key eRNA (LINC02569) with the Arraystar eRNA Microarray. LINC02569 mostly locates in nucleus and plays an important role in the progress of IDD by activating nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. We used a cationic polymer brush coated carbon nanotube (oCNT-pb)-based siRNA delivery platform that we previously designed, to transport LINC02569 siRNA (si-02569) to nucleus pulposus cells. The siRNA loaded oCNT-pb accumulated in nucleus pulposus cells with lower toxicity and higher transfection efficiency, compared with the traditional siRNA delivery system. Moreover, the results showed that the delivery of si-02569 significantly alleviated the inflammatory response in the nucleus pulposus cells via inhibiting P65 phosphorylation and preventing its transfer into the nucleus, and meanwhile alleviated cell senescence by decreasing the expression of P21. Altogether, our results highlight that eRNA (LINC02569) plays important role in the progression of IDD and could be a potential therapeutic target for alleviation of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaming Yang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xizhe Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology/Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Wang
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Orthopaedic Section II, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zemin Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baozhu Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ningning Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuxin Wei
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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5
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Ding Y, Wen G, Chrysostomou V, Pispas S, Jiang K, Sun Z, Li H. Aggregation behavior of the strong amphiphilic cationic diblock polyelectrolytes at the air/water interface. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Ding
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin China
| | - Gangyao Wen
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin China
| | - Varvara Chrysostomou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens Greece
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin China
| | - Zhaoyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
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6
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Sun Z, Qiao D, Shi Y, Barz M, Liu L, Chen Y. Precision Wormlike Nanoadjuvant Governs Potency of Vaccination. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7236-7243. [PMID: 34459617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It remains unclear how the precise length of one-dimensional nanovehicles influences the characters of vaccination. Here, a unimolecular nanovehicle with tailored size and aspect ratio (AR) is applied to deliver CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 agonist, as an adjuvant of recombinant hepatitis B virus surface antigen (rHBsAg), for treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Cationic nanovehicles with fixed width (ca. 45 nm) but varied length (46 nm-180 nm), AR from 1 to 4, are prepared through controlled polymerization and are loaded with CpG by electrostatic interaction. We reveal that the nanoadjuvant with AR = 2 shows the highest retention in proximal lymph nodes. Importantly, it is more easily internalized into antigen-presenting cells and accumulates in the late endosome, where TLR9 is located. Such a nanoadjuvant exhibits the strongest immune response with rHBsAg to clear the hepatitis B virus in the CHB mouse model, showing that the AR of nanovehicles governs the efficiency of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dongdong Qiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Matthias Barz
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Laboratory for Biotherapeutic Delivery, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lixin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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7
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Cationic polymer brush-coated bioglass nanoparticles for the design of bioresorbable RNA delivery vectors. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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8
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Li D, Ahmed M, Khan A, Xu L, Walters AA, Ballesteros B, Al-Jamal KT. Tailoring the Architecture of Cationic Polymer Brush-Modified Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient siRNA Delivery in Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30284-30294. [PMID: 34170101 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The facile and controlled fabrication of homogeneously grafted cationic polymers on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) remains poorly investigated, which further hinders the understanding of interactions between functionalized CNTs with different nucleic acids and the rational design of appropriate gene delivery vehicles. Herein, we describe the controlled grafting of cationic poly(2-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) brushes on CNTs via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization integrated with mussel-inspired polydopamine chemistry. The binding of nucleic acids with different brush-CNT hybrids discloses the highly architectural-dependent behavior with dense short brush-coated CNTs displaying the highest binding among all the other hybrids, namely, dense long, sparse long, and sparse short brush-coated CNTs. Additionally, different chemistries of the brush coatings were shown to influence the biocompatibility, cellular uptake, and silencing efficiency in vitro. This platform provides great flexibility for the design of polymer brush-CNT hybrids with precise control over their structure-activity relationship for the rational design of nucleic acid delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH U.K
| | - Momina Ahmed
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH U.K
| | - Anisah Khan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH U.K
| | - Lizhou Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH U.K
| | - Adam A Walters
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH U.K
| | - Belén Ballesteros
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH U.K
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9
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Kumar R, Santa Chalarca CF, Bockman MR, Bruggen CV, Grimme CJ, Dalal RJ, Hanson MG, Hexum JK, Reineke TM. Polymeric Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11527-11652. [PMID: 33939409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Van Bruggen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rishad J Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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10
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Precise positioning of enzymes within hierarchical polymer nanostructures for switchable bioelectrocatalysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 179:113045. [PMID: 33639348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability to reversibly switch bioelectrocatalytic sensors is attractive for the design of biomonitoring platforms displaying a complex environmental response, or for the protection of biosensors. However, the retention of reversible biocatalytic properties upon multiple environmental cycles, with broad detection range, low signal-to-noise and limit of detection remains challenging. In this report, we demonstrate the precise positioning of the enzyme glucose oxidase within block-copolymer brush nanostructures, via the re-initiation of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) polymerisation from enzyme-decorated poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) blocks. We find that the precise design of polymer brush grafting density, thickness and crosslinking of the PNIPAM block enables the stable positioning of biocatalytic sites close to electrode surfaces. The control of the polymer brush nanostructure, its conformation and the distribution of biocatalytic sites is characterised via a combination of in situ ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, grazing angle FTIR and surface plasmon resonance. In turn, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrate that such control of the polymeric nanostructures confers a unique combination of low limit of detection (23.9 μM), a broad dynamic range of glucose sensing (0.05-12.8 mM) and true "OFF" state upon pH or thermal stimulation, whilst retaining excellent performance over repeated switching cycles of the sensor. Therefore, hierarchical biocatalytic polymer brushes display unique properties for the design of responsive biosensors and complex multi-functional gating platforms.
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11
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Li D, Xu L, Wang J, Gautrot JE. Responsive Polymer Brush Design and Emerging Applications for Nanotheranostics. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2000953. [PMID: 32893474 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Responsive polymer brushes are a category of polymer brushes that are capable of conformational and chemical changes in response to external stimuli. They offer unique opportunities for the control of bio-nano interactions due to the precise control of chemical and structural parameters such as the brush thickness, density, chemistry, and architecture. The design of responsive brushes at the surface of nanomaterials for theranostic applications has developed rapidly. These coatings can be generated from a very broad range of nanomaterials, without compromising their physical, photophysical, and imaging properties. Although the use of responsive brushes for nanotheranostic remains in its early stages, in this review, the aim is to present how the systems developed to date can be combined to control sensing, imaging, and controlled delivery of therapeutics. The recent developments for such design and associated methods for the synthesis of responsive brushes are discussed. The responsive behaviors of homo polymer brushes and brushes with more complex architectures are briefly reviewed, before the applications of responsive brushes as smart delivery systems are discussed. Finally, the recent work is summarized on the use of responsive polymer brushes as novel biosensors and diagnostic tools for the detection of analytes and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences King's College London 150 Stamford Street London SE1 9NH UK
- Institute of Bioengineering Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
- School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Lizhou Xu
- Department of Materials Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Julien E. Gautrot
- Institute of Bioengineering Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
- School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
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12
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Hassanpour F, Jalili K, Behboodpour L, Afkhami A. Microstructural Capture of Living Ultrathin Polymer Brush Evolution via Kinetic Simulation Studies. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9438-9455. [PMID: 32935990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Performing dynamic off-lattice multicanonical Monte Carlo simulations, we study the statics, dynamics, and scission-recombination kinetics of a self-assembled in situ-polymerized polydisperse living polymer brush (LPB), designed by surface-initiated living polymerization. The living brush is initially grown from a two-dimensional substrate by end-monomer polymerization-depolymerization reactions through seeding of initiator arrays on the grafting plane which come in contact with a solution of nonbonded monomers under good solvent conditions. The polydispersity is shown to significantly deviate from the Flory-Schulz type for low temperatures because of pronounced diffusion limitation effects on the rate of the equilibration reaction. The self-avoiding chains take up fairly compact structures of typical size Rg(N) ∼ Nν in rigorously two-dimensional (d = 2) melt, with ν being the inverse fractal dimension (ν = 1/d). The Kratky description of the intramolecular structure factor F(q), in keeping with the concept of generalized Porod scattering from compact particles with fractal contour, discloses a robust nonmonotonic fashion with qdF(q) ∼ (qRg)-3/4 in the intermediate-q regime. It is found that the kinetics of LPB growth, given by the variation of the mean chain length, follows a power law ⟨N(t)⟩ ∝ t1/3 with elapsed time after the onset of polymerization, whereby the instantaneous molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the chains c(N) retains its functional form. The variation of ⟨N(t)⟩ during quenches of the LPB to different temperatures T can be described by a single master curve in units of dimensionless time t/τ∞, where τ∞ is the typical (final temperature T∞-dependent) relaxation time which is found to scale as τ∞ ∝ ⟨N(t = ∞)⟩5 with the ultimate average length of the chains. The equilibrium monomer density profile ϕ(z) of the LPB varies as ϕ(z) ∝ ϕ-α with the concentration of segments ϕ in the system and the probability distribution c(N) of chain lengths N in the brush layer scales as c(N) ∝ N-τ. The computed exponents α ≈ 0.64 and τ ≈ 1.70 are in good agreement with those predicted within the context of the Diffusion-Limited Aggregation theory, α = 2/3 and τ = 7/4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hassanpour
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, 5331817634 Tabriz, Iran.,Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, 5331817634 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kiyumars Jalili
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, 5331817634 Tabriz, Iran.,Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, 5331817634 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Behboodpour
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, 5331817634 Tabriz, Iran.,Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, 5331817634 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Afkhami
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, 5331817634 Tabriz, Iran.,Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, 5331817634 Tabriz, Iran
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13
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Cozens EJ, Kong D, Roohpour N, Gautrot JE. The physico-chemistry of adhesions of protein resistant and weak polyelectrolyte brushes to cells and tissues. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:505-522. [PMID: 31804646 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The non-specific adhesion of polymers and soft tissues is of great interest to the field of biomedical engineering, as it will shed light on some of the processes that regulate interactions between scaffolds, implants and nanoparticles with surrounding tissues after implantation or delivery. In order to promote adhesion to soft tissues, a greater understanding of the relationship between polymer chemistry and nanoscale adhesion mechanisms is required. In this work, we grew poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA) brushes from the surface of silica beads, and investigated their adhesion to a variety of substrates via colloidal probe-based atomic force microscopy (AFM). We first characterised adhesion to a range of substrates with defined surface chemistry (self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with a range of hydrophilicities, charge and hydrogen bonding), before studying the adhesion of brushes to epithelial cell monolayers (primary keratinocytes and HaCaT cells) and soft tissues (porcine epicardium and keratinized gingiva). Adhesion assays to SAMs reveal the complex balance of interactions (electrostatic, van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding) regulating the adhesion of weak polyelectrolyte brushes. This resulted in particularly strong adhesion of PAA brushes to a wide range of surface chemistries. In turn, colloidal probe microscopy on cell monolayers highlighted the importance of the glycocalyx in regulating non-specific adhesions. This was also reflected by the adhesive properties of soft tissues, in combination with their mechanical properties. Overall, this work clearly demonstrates the complex nature of interactions between polymeric biomaterials and biological samples and highlights the need for relatively elaborate models to predict these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Cozens
- Institute of Bioengineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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14
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Structure-property relationships via complementary hydrodynamic approaches: Poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)s. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Filippov A, Tarabukina E, Kudryavtseva A, Fatullaev E, Kurlykin M, Tenkovtsev A. Molecular brushes with poly-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline side chains and aromatic polyester backbone manifesting double stimuli responsiveness. Colloid Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-019-04558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Tan Z, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Karls L, Lodge TP, Reineke TM. Polycation Architecture and Assembly Direct Successful Gene Delivery: Micelleplexes Outperform Polyplexes via Optimal DNA Packaging. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15804-15817. [PMID: 31553590 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cellular delivery of biomacromolecules is vital to medical research and therapeutic development. Cationic polymers are promising and affordable candidate vehicles for these precious payloads. However, the impact of polycation architecture and solution assembly on the biological mechanisms and efficacy of these vehicles has not been clearly defined. In this study, four polymers containing the same cationic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (D) block but placed in different architectures have been synthesized, characterized, and compared for cargo binding and biological performance. The D homopolymer and its diblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (OD) readily encapsulate pDNA to form polyplexes. Two amphiphilic block polymer variants, poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (DB) and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (ODB), self-assemble into micelles, which template pDNA winding around the cationic corona to form micelleplexes. Micelleplexes were found to have superior delivery efficiency compared to polyplexes and detailed physicochemical and biological characterizations were performed to pinpoint the mechanisms by testing hypotheses related to cellular internalization, intracellular trafficking, and pDNA unpackaging. For the first time, we find that the higher concentration of amines housed in micelleplexes stimulates both cellular internalization and potential endosomal escape, and the physical motif of pDNA winding into micelleplexes, reminiscent of DNA compaction by histones in chromatin, preserves the pDNA secondary structure in its native B form. This likely allows greater payload accessibility for protein expression with micelleplexes compared to polyplexes, which tightly condense pDNA and significantly distort its helicity. This work provides important guidance for the design of successful biomolecular delivery systems via optimizing the physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Tan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Yaming Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Logan Karls
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Timothy P Lodge
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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17
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Qu F, Li D, Ma X, Chen F, Gautrot JE. A Kinetic Model of Oligonucleotide-Brush Interactions for the Rational Design of Gene Delivery Vectors. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2218-2229. [PMID: 31017767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Polymer brushes are attractive candidates for the design of gene delivery vectors as they allow the systematic study of the impact of structural (type, size, and shape of nanomaterials core) and physicochemical parameters (cationic monomer chemistry, brush thickness, and grafting density) on transfection efficiency. However, relatively little is known of their interactions of oligonucleotides. To study such interactions, we use surface plasmon resonance and developed a kinetic model of brush binding and infiltration. We identify the striking impact that brush grafting density and thickness have on oligonucleotide kinetics of infiltration, binding affinity, and maximum loading. Surprisingly, double-stranded RNA molecules are found to load at significantly higher levels compared to DNA molecules of identical sequence (apart from uracils/thymines). Furthermore, analysis of the kinetics of adsorption of these oligonucleotides indicates that the stoichiometry of binding (ratio of amine versus phosphate residues) is close to parity for the uptake of 20 bp double-stranded RNA. Finally, nanoparticles were designed to be used as gene transfection vectors and to quantify if the brush grafting density and thickness significantly impact transfection efficiencies in a small interfering RNA knockdown assay. Therefore, this study demonstrates the rational design of polymer brush-based nanoparticle vectors for efficient delivery of oligonucleotides. The model developed will allow to uncover how the refinement of the physicochemical and structural properties of polymer brushes enable the tuning of RNA binding and allow the systematic study of cationic vectors efficiency for RNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjin Qu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Sciences , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , PR China
| | | | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Sciences , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , PR China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Sciences , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , PR China
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18
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Santos DES, Li D, Ramstedt M, Gautrot JE, Soares TA. Conformational Dynamics and Responsiveness of Weak and Strong Polyelectrolyte Brushes: Atomistic Simulations of Poly(dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) and Poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl trimethylammonium chloride). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5037-5049. [PMID: 30869897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The complex solution behavior of polymer brushes is key to control their properties, including for biomedical applications and catalysis. The swelling behavior of poly(dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) and poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl trimethylammonium chloride) (PMETAC) in response to changes in pH, solvent, and salt types has been investigated using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. PDMAEMA and PMETAC have been selected as canonical models for weak and strong polyelectrolytes whose complex conformational behavior is particularly challenging for the development and validation of atomistic models. The GROMOS-derived atomic parameters reproduce the experimental swelling coefficients obtained from ellipsometry measurements for brushes of 5-15 nm thickness. The present atomistic models capture the protonated morphology of PDMAEMA, the swollen and collapsed conformations of PDMAEMA and PMETAC in good and bad solvents, and the salt-selective response of PMETAC. The modular nature of the molecular models allows for the simple extension of atomic parameters to a variety of polymers or copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys E S Santos
- Departamento de Química Fundamental , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife , Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Thereza A Soares
- Departamento de Química Fundamental , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife , Brazil
- Department of Chemistry , Umeå University , 90187 Umeå , Sweden
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19
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Jiang Y, Lodge TP, Reineke TM. Packaging pDNA by Polymeric ABC Micelles Simultaneously Achieves Colloidal Stability and Structural Control. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11101-11111. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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20
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Jiang Y, Reineke TM, Lodge TP. Complexation of DNA with Cationic Copolymer Micelles: Effects of DNA Length and Topology. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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21
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Li D, Sharili AS, Connelly J, Gautrot JE. Highly Stable RNA Capture by Dense Cationic Polymer Brushes for the Design of Cytocompatible, Serum-Stable SiRNA Delivery Vectors. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:606-615. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir S. Sharili
- Barts
and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - John Connelly
- Barts
and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
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22
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Tan E, Lv J, Hu J, Shen W, Wang H, Cheng Y. Statistical versus block fluoropolymers in gene delivery. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7230-7238. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01470a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A statistical fluorocopolymer shows dramatically higher transfection efficiency in gene delivery than a block one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Echuan Tan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Jia Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Wanwan Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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