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Steadman A, Andama A, Ball A, Mukwatamundu J, Khimani K, Mochizuki T, Asege L, Bukirwa A, Kato JB, Katumba D, Kisakye E, Mangeni W, Mwebe S, Nakaye M, Nassuna I, Nyawere J, Nakaweesa A, Cook C, Phillips P, Nalugwa T, Bachman CM, Semitala FC, Weigl BH, Connelly J, Worodria W, Cattamanchi A. New manual qPCR assay validated on tongue swabs collected and processed in Uganda shows sensitivity that rivals sputum-based molecular TB diagnostics. Clin Infect Dis 2024:ciae041. [PMID: 38306491 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliance on sputum-based testing is a key barrier to increasing access to molecular diagnostics for tuberculosis (TB). Many people with TB are unable to produce sputum, and sputum processing increases the complexity and cost of molecular assays. Tongue swabs are emerging as an alternative to sputum, but performance limits are uncertain. METHODS From June 2022 to July 2023, we enrolled 397 consecutive adults with cough >2 weeks at two health centers in Kampala, Uganda. We collected routine demographic and clinical information, sputum for routine TB testing (Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra® and two liquid cultures), and up to four tongue swabs for same-day qPCR. We evaluated tongue swab qPCR diagnostic accuracy in reference to sputum TB test results, quantified TB targets per swab, assessed the impact of serial swabbing, and compared two swab types (Copan FLOQSWAB® and Steripack® spun polyester). RESULTS Among 397 participants, 43.1% were female, median age was 33 years, 23.5% were living with HIV (PLHIV) and 32.0% had confirmed TB. Sputum Xpert Ultra and tongue swab qPCR results were concordant for 98.2% [96.2-99.1] of participants. Tongue swab qPCR sensitivity was 92.6% [95%CI: 86.5, 96.0] and specificity 99.1% [96.9-99.8] vs. microbiological reference standard (MRS). A single tongue swab recovered a seven-log range of TB copies, with a decreasing recovery trend among four serial swabs. We found no difference between swab types. CONCLUSIONS Tongue swabs are a promising alternative to sputum for molecular diagnosis of TB, with sensitivity approaching sputum-based molecular tests. Our results provide valuable insights for developing successful tongue swab-based TB diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Steadman
- Global Health Labs, Inc, Bellevue, WA, United States of America
| | - Alfred Andama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Walimu, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alexey Ball
- Global Health Labs, Inc, Bellevue, WA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Tessa Mochizuki
- Center for Tuberculosis, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Catherine Cook
- Center for Tuberculosis, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA United States of America
| | - Patrick Phillips
- Center for Tuberculosis, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA United States of America
| | | | | | - Fred Collins Semitala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - John Connelly
- Global Health Labs, Inc, Bellevue, WA, United States of America
| | - William Worodria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Adithya Cattamanchi
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
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Steadman A, Andama A, Ball A, Mukwatamundu J, Khimani K, Mochizuki T, Asege L, Bukirwa A, Kato JB, Katumba D, Kisakye E, Mangeni W, Mwebe S, Nakaye M, Nasuna I, Nyawere J, Visente D, Cook C, Nalugwa T, Bachman CM, Semitalia F, Weigl BH, Connelly J, Worodria W, Cattamanchi A. New manual qPCR assay validated on tongue swabs collected and processed in Uganda shows sensitivity that rivals sputum-based molecular TB diagnostics. medRxiv 2023:2023.08.10.23293680. [PMID: 37645869 PMCID: PMC10462213 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.23293680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Reliance on sputum-based testing is a key barrier to increasing access to molecular diagnostics for tuberculosis (TB). Many people with TB are unable to produce and sputum processing increases the complexity and cost of molecular assays. Tongue swabs are emerging as an alternative to sputum, but performance limits are uncertain. Methods From June 2022 to July 2023, we enrolled 397 consecutive adults with cough >2 weeks at two health centers in Kampala, Uganda. We collected routine demographic and clinical information, sputum for routine TB testing (one Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra® and two liquid cultures), and up to four tongue swabs for same-day qPCR. We evaluated tongue swab qPCR diagnostic accuracy in reference to sputum TB test results, quantified TB targets per swab, assessed the impact of serial swabbing, and compared two swab types (Copan FLOQSWAB® and Steripack® spun polyester swabs). Results Among 397 participants, 43.1% were female, median age was 33 years, 23.5% were living with HIV (PLHIV) and 32.3% had confirmed TB. Sputum Xpert Ultra and tongue swab qPCR results were concordant for 98.2% [96.2-99.1] of participants. Tongue swab qPCR sensitivity was 91.0% [84.6-94.9] and specificity 98.9% [96.2-99.8] vs. microbiological reference standard (MRS). A single tongue swab recovered a seven-log range of TB copies, with a decreasing recovery trend among four serial swabs. We found no difference between swab types. Conclusions Tongue swabs show promise as an alternative to sputum for TB diagnosis, with sensitivity approaching sputum-based molecular tests. Our results provide valuable insights for developing successful tongue swab-based TB diagnostics.
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Ofosu EF, De Nys L, Connelly J, Ryde GC, Whittaker AC. A realist evaluation of the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial of a digital music and movement intervention for older people living in care homes. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:125. [PMID: 36879201 PMCID: PMC9987360 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low physical activity in care home residents brings about negative mental health consequences, such as higher levels of depression and loneliness. With advancements in communication technology, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, the feasibility and effectiveness of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a digital Physical Activity (PA) resource in care homes deserve more research attention. A realist evaluation was used to uncover influencing factors of a feasibility study implementation to inform how a digital music and movement programme would work and under what circumstances this would be most effective. METHODS Participants were 49 older adults (aged 65 years +) recruited across ten care homes in Scotland. Surveys were administered at baseline and post-intervention comprising psychometric questionnaires on multidimensional health markers validated in older adults with possible cognitive impairment. The intervention comprised 12 weeks of four prescribed digitally delivered movement (n = 3) and music-only (n = 1) sessions per week. An activity coordinator delivered these online resources in the care home. Post-intervention focus groups with staff and interviews with a sub-sample of participants were conducted to gain qualitative data on the acceptability of the intervention. RESULTS Thirty three care home residents started the intervention, but only 18 residents (84% female) completed both pre- and post-intervention assessments. Activity coordinators (AC) offered 57% of the prescribed sessions, with an average residents' adherence of 60%. Delivery of the intervention did not go as planned due to Covid restrictions in care homes and delivery challenges, including (1) motivation and engagement, (2) changes in cognitive impairment and disabilities of the participants, (3) death or hospitalisation of the participants and (4) limited staffing and technology resources to deliver the programme as intended. Despite this, group participation and encouragement of residents supported the delivery and acceptance of the intervention, with ACs and residents reporting improved mood, physical health, job satisfaction and social support. Improvements with large effect sizes were found for anxiety, depression, loneliness, perceived stress and sleep satisfaction, but no changes in fear of falling, domains of general health or appetite. CONCLUSION This realist evaluation suggested that this digitally delivered movement and music intervention is feasible. From the findings, the initial programme theory was refined for future implementation of an RCT in other care homes but future research exploring how to tailor the intervention to those with cognitive impairment and/or lacking capacity to consent is needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05559203.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Ofosu
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK4 9LA, Scotland, UK
| | - L De Nys
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK4 9LA, Scotland, UK
| | - J Connelly
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK4 9LA, Scotland, UK
| | - G C Ryde
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - A C Whittaker
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK4 9LA, Scotland, UK.
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Chhatbar K, Connelly J, Webb S, Kriaucionis S, Bird A. A critique of the hypothesis that CA repeats are primary targets of neuronal MeCP2. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/12/e202201522. [PMID: 36122935 PMCID: PMC9485053 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA-binding protein MeCP2 is reported to bind methylated cytosine in CG and CA motifs in genomic DNA, but it was recently proposed that arrays of tandemly repeated CA containing either methylated or hydroxymethylated cytosine are the primary targets for MeCP2 binding and function. Here we investigated the predictions of this hypothesis using a range of published datasets. We failed to detect enrichment of cytosine modification at genomic CA repeat arrays in mouse brain regions and found no evidence for preferential MeCP2 binding at CA repeats. Moreover, we did not observe a correlation between the CA repeat density near genes and their degree of transcriptional deregulation when MeCP2 was absent. Our results do not provide support for the hypothesis that CA repeats are key mediators of MeCP2 function. Instead, we found that CA repeats are subject to CAC methylation to a degree that is typical of the surrounding genome and contribute modestly to MeCP2-mediated modulation of gene expression in accordance with their content of this canonical target motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashyap Chhatbar
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, The Michael Swann Building, Edinburgh, UK.,Informatics Forum, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Connelly
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, The Michael Swann Building, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shaun Webb
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, The Michael Swann Building, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Adrian Bird
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, The Michael Swann Building, Edinburgh, UK
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Kirk T, Ahmed A, Connelly J, Rognoni E. 591 Exploring the molecular basis for the dermal fibroblast state switch. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dina D, Caley M, Raj N, O’Toole E, Connelly J. 216 Understanding the Mechanisms of Epidermal Barrier Damage and Repair Using 3D Skin Equivalent Models. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Millar FR, Pennycuick A, Muir M, Quintanilla A, Hari P, Freyer E, Gautier P, Meynert A, Grimes G, Coll CS, Zdral S, Victorelli S, Teixeira VH, Connelly J, Passos JF, Ros MA, Wallace WAH, Frame MC, Sims AH, Boulter L, Janes SM, Wilkinson S, Acosta JC. Toll-like receptor 2 orchestrates a tumor suppressor response in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111596. [PMID: 36351380 PMCID: PMC10197427 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting early-stage lung cancer is vital to improve survival. However, the mechanisms and components of the early tumor suppressor response in lung cancer are not well understood. In this report, we study the role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), a regulator of oncogene-induced senescence, which is a key tumor suppressor response in premalignancy. Using human lung cancer samples and genetically engineered mouse models, we show that TLR2 is active early in lung tumorigenesis, where it correlates with improved survival and clinical regression. Mechanistically, TLR2 impairs early lung cancer progression via activation of cell intrinsic cell cycle arrest pathways and the proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP regulates non-cell autonomous anti-tumor responses, such as immune surveillance of premalignant cells, and we observe impaired myeloid cell recruitment to lung tumors after Tlr2 loss. Last, we show that administration of a TLR2 agonist reduces lung tumor growth, highlighting TLR2 as a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser R Millar
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK.
| | - Adam Pennycuick
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Morwenna Muir
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Andrea Quintanilla
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), C/ Albert Einstein 22, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Priya Hari
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Elisabeth Freyer
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Philippe Gautier
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Alison Meynert
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Graeme Grimes
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Carla Salomo Coll
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Sofia Zdral
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), C/ Albert Einstein 22, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Stella Victorelli
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Vitor H Teixeira
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - John Connelly
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; Department of Pathology, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - João F Passos
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marian A Ros
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), C/ Albert Einstein 22, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | | | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Andrew H Sims
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Simon Wilkinson
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK.
| | - Juan Carlos Acosta
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), C/ Albert Einstein 22, 39011 Santander, Spain.
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Chang A, Mzava O, Djomnang LAK, Lenz JS, Burnham P, Kaplinsky P, Andama A, Connelly J, Bachman CM, Cattamanchi A, Steadman A, De Vlaminck I. Metagenomic DNA sequencing to quantify Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA and diagnose tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16972. [PMID: 36216964 PMCID: PMC9551046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant cause of mortality worldwide. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing has the potential to reveal biomarkers of active disease, identify coinfection, and improve detection for sputum-scarce or culture-negative cases. We conducted a large-scale comparative study of 428 plasma, urine, and oral swab samples from 334 individuals from TB endemic and non-endemic regions to evaluate the utility of a shotgun metagenomic DNA sequencing assay for tuberculosis diagnosis. We found that the composition of the control population had a strong impact on the measured performance of the diagnostic test: the use of a control population composed of individuals from a TB non-endemic region led to a test with nearly 100% specificity and sensitivity, whereas a control group composed of individuals from TB endemic regions exhibited a high background of nontuberculous mycobacterial DNA, limiting the diagnostic performance of the test. Using mathematical modeling and quantitative comparisons to matched qPCR data, we found that the burden of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA constitutes a very small fraction (0.04 or less) of the total abundance of DNA originating from mycobacteria in samples from TB endemic regions. Our findings suggest that the utility of a minimally invasive metagenomic sequencing assay for pulmonary tuberculosis diagnostics is limited by the low burden of M. tuberculosis and an overwhelming biological background of nontuberculous mycobacterial DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Chang
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XNancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Omary Mzava
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XNancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Liz-Audrey Kounatse Djomnang
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XNancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Joan Sesing Lenz
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XNancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Philip Burnham
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XNancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Peter Kaplinsky
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XNancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Alfred Andama
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Adithya Cattamanchi
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Center for Tuberculosis and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XNancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
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Hose C, Harris E, Connelly J, Campbell PS, Ortiz M, Jones E, Newton D, Evrard YA, Hollingshead M, Parchment R, Teicher BA, Coussens NP, Doroshow JH, Rapisarda A. Abstract 3091: Patient-derived organoid drug responses corroborate known target-drug interactions for selected anticancer agents. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Patient-derived organoids (PDOrgs) are heterogeneous three-dimensional cellular clusters that have been shown to recapitulate the tumor histology and genetic alterations of their originating tissue. Numerous studies suggest the in vitro drug responses of tumor organoids align with in vivo responses. In this study, we evaluated fourteen anticancer agents against a cohort of PDOrgs from three disease histologies: colon, pancreatic, and non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma. The PDOrgs were obtained from the National Cancer Institute’s Patient-Derived Models Repository (https://pdmr.cancer.gov): a resource that offers clinically annotated and molecularly characterized models. The PDOrg models were selected for specific genetic variants of KRAS and BRAF, or different RNA levels of ABCB1, an ATP-dependent efflux pump. The approved and investigational agents were selected to target specific genetic variants and pathways: KRAS G12C covalent inhibitors (sotorasib and MRTX-1257), RAS pathway inhibitors (BAY-293, BI-3406 and TNO-155), BRAF V600E/K inhibitors (dabrafenib and encorafenib), ABCB1 substrates (paclitaxel, doxorubicin, 5-FU, AZD-1775, and SN-38), and ABCB1 non-substrates (gemcitabine and trametinib). The goal of the study was to assess whether the sensitivities of PDOrgs to therapeutic agents matched these genetic profiles under standard in vitro conditions. PDOrgs were seeded into 384-well microplates, in a semi-automated fashion, and exposed to nine concentrations of each anticancer agent for six days followed by cell viability assessment by CellTiter-Glo 3D. Data analysis was performed using GRmetrics, an R package for calculation and visualization of concentration-response metrics based on growth rate inhibition (https://git.bioconductor.org/packages/GRmetrics). These data demonstrated that PDOrgs harboring a KRAS G12C variant were uniquely sensitive to sotorasib and MRTX-1257 and were, overall, more sensitive to the other RAS pathway targeting agents. Conversely, PDOrgs harboring wild type RAS and other KRAS variants were largely unresponsive to these targeted agents. Likewise, only PDOrgs harboring the BRAF V600E variant were sensitive to dabrafenib and encorafenib. For the majority of PDOrgs, the pharmacological responses to agents that are ABCB1 substrates inversely correlated with ABCB1 RNA expression. This study demonstrates the ability of organoids to serve as useful models for evaluating therapeutic responses to anticancer agents, including identifying known target-drug associations. Moreover, the technical conditions, as well as the selected PDOrgs and therapeutic agents, may be used as a reference set for the validation of a fully automated PDOrg screening system. This project was funded in part with federal funds from the NCI, NIH, under contract no. HHSN261201500003I.
Citation Format: Curtis Hose, Erik Harris, John Connelly, Petreena S. Campbell, Mariaestela Ortiz, Eric Jones, Dianne Newton, Yvonne A. Evrard, Melinda Hollingshead, Ralph Parchment, Beverly A. Teicher, Nathan P. Coussens, James H. Doroshow, Annamaria Rapisarda. Patient-derived organoid drug responses corroborate known target-drug interactions for selected anticancer agents [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3091.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Hose
- 1Molecular Pharmacology Laboratories, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Erik Harris
- 1Molecular Pharmacology Laboratories, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - John Connelly
- 1Molecular Pharmacology Laboratories, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Petreena S. Campbell
- 1Molecular Pharmacology Laboratories, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Mariaestela Ortiz
- 1Molecular Pharmacology Laboratories, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Eric Jones
- 1Molecular Pharmacology Laboratories, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Dianne Newton
- 2In Vivo Preclinical Support, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Yvonne A. Evrard
- 3Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Melinda Hollingshead
- 4Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ralph Parchment
- 5Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Beverly A. Teicher
- 4Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nathan P. Coussens
- 1Molecular Pharmacology Laboratories, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - James H. Doroshow
- 4Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Annamaria Rapisarda
- 1Molecular Pharmacology Laboratories, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
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Paul S, Hose C, Jones E, Harris E, Connelly J, Campbell P, Ortiz M, Dexheimer TS, Silvers T, Brady PS, Grams J, Rohrer TN, Martin K, Ramsey P, Bowles L, Rapisarda A, Parchment RE, Teicher BA, Doroshow JH, Coussens NP. Abstract 3079: Development of an automated platform for screening patient-derived organoid models. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
One of the major challenges in preclinical cancer therapeutic development is establishing physiologically relevant in vitro assays that correlate with the in vivo responses of patient tumors to anticancer agents. By incorporating tumor cell heterogeneity and three-dimensional morphological features, patient-derived organoids provide an improved in vivo relevancy compared to established tumor cell lines grown as monolayers. However, organoids grow while embedded in an extracellular matrix material with complex media formulations, which poses challenges for culture scale-up and automated drug screening methods. Organoid models derived from a variety of human solid tumor types are distributed by the National Cancer Institute’s Patient-Derived Models Repository program (https://pdmr.cancer.gov). A panel of human patient-derived colon adenocarcinoma organoid models was assembled to evaluate an automated high-throughput screening (HTS) platform. The organoid panel members were characterized for their reproducible growth and expansion capacity in culture, recovery from cryopreservation, and amenability to operations associated with HTS. Short tandem repeat profiling was performed regularly throughout the process to authenticate each sample. Among the organoid models, variations were observed in morphology (assessed by brightfield imaging) and growth rate (measured by population doublings). Most models expanded well in culture for greater than sixty days and all models demonstrated a sufficient recovery from cryopreservation. The aims in adapting organoid cultures to a HTS platform included minimizing the operational complexity, maximizing the process throughput, and maintaining high organoid viability. Assay conditions for all panel members were selected in conjunction with automated methods, instrumentation, and endpoint measurements. Details such as the optimal sample preparation steps, media formulation, and inoculation density varied among the organoid models. However, other aspects such as liquid handling procedures for organoid inoculation and drug delivery, microwell plate type, assay duration, and endpoint measurements were selected for their suitability to all organoid models tested. Using a custom-designed automated screening system, the refined methods were validated by screening the panel of patient-derived colon adenocarcinoma organoids against a library of oncology drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (https://dtp.cancer.gov/organization/dscb/obtaining/default.htm). Assay performance metrics and pharmacological data demonstrate the robust performance of this organoid screening platform. Future efforts will establish additional patient-derived organoid panels for expanded HTS using this platform. This project was funded in part with federal funds from the NCI, NIH, under contract no. HHSN261201500003I.
Citation Format: Siddhartha Paul, Curtis Hose, Eric Jones, Erik Harris, John Connelly, Petreena Campbell, Mariaestela Ortiz, Thomas S. Dexheimer, Thomas Silvers, Penny Sellers Brady, Julie Grams, Tiffany Nikirk Rohrer, Karen Martin, Patricia Ramsey, Lori Bowles, Annamaria Rapisarda, Ralph E. Parchment, Beverly A. Teicher, James H. Doroshow, Nathan P. Coussens. Development of an automated platform for screening patient-derived organoid models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3079.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Paul
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Curtis Hose
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Eric Jones
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Erik Harris
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - John Connelly
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Silvers
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | | | - Julie Grams
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | | | - Karen Martin
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Patricia Ramsey
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Lori Bowles
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
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11
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Bobholz SA, Lowman AK, Brehler M, Kyereme F, Duenweg SR, Sherman J, McGarry SD, Cochran EJ, Connelly J, Mueller WM, Agarwal M, Banerjee A, LaViolette PS. Radio-Pathomic Maps of Cell Density Identify Brain Tumor Invasion beyond Traditional MRI-Defined Margins. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:682-688. [PMID: 35422419 PMCID: PMC9089258 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Currently, contrast-enhancing margins on T1WI are used to guide treatment of gliomas, yet tumor invasion beyond the contrast-enhancing region is a known confounding factor. Therefore, this study used postmortem tissue samples aligned with clinically acquired MRIs to quantify the relationship between intensity values and cellularity as well as to develop a radio-pathomic model to predict cellularity using MR imaging data. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single-institution study used 93 samples collected at postmortem examination from 44 patients with brain cancer. Tissue samples were processed, stained with H&E, and digitized for nuclei segmentation and cell density calculation. Pre- and postgadolinium contrast T1WI, T2 FLAIR, and ADC images were collected from each patient's final acquisition before death. In-house software was used to align tissue samples to the FLAIR image via manually defined control points. Mixed-effects models were used to assess the relationship between single-image intensity and cellularity for each image. An ensemble learner was trained to predict cellularity using 5 × 5 voxel tiles from each image, with a two-thirds to one-third train-test split for validation. RESULTS Single-image analyses found subtle associations between image intensity and cellularity, with a less pronounced relationship in patients with glioblastoma. The radio-pathomic model accurately predicted cellularity in the test set (root mean squared error = 1015 cells/mm2) and identified regions of hypercellularity beyond the contrast-enhancing region. CONCLUSIONS A radio-pathomic model for cellularity trained with tissue samples acquired at postmortem examination is able to identify regions of hypercellular tumor beyond traditional imaging signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bobholz
- From the Departments of Biophysics (S.A.B., S.R.D., J.S., S.D.M.)
| | | | - M Brehler
- Radiology (A.L., M.B., M.A., P.S.L.)
| | | | - S R Duenweg
- From the Departments of Biophysics (S.A.B., S.R.D., J.S., S.D.M.)
| | - J Sherman
- From the Departments of Biophysics (S.A.B., S.R.D., J.S., S.D.M.)
| | - S D McGarry
- From the Departments of Biophysics (S.A.B., S.R.D., J.S., S.D.M.)
| | | | | | | | - M Agarwal
- Radiology (A.L., M.B., M.A., P.S.L.)
| | | | - P S LaViolette
- Radiology (A.L., M.B., M.A., P.S.L.)
- Biomedical Engineering (P.S.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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12
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Edelson J, Huang J, Birati E, Connelly J, Kilbaugh T, Rossano J, O'Connor M, Burstein D, Edwards J, Wittlieb-Weber C, Marvoudis C, Lin K, Lane-Fall M, Maeda K. Mobilized Pediatric Patients on Veno-Arterial ECMO Have Improved Outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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13
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Zhang Y, Hollis D, Ross R, Snow T, Terrill NJ, Lu Y, Wang W, Connelly J, Tozzi G, Gupta HS. Investigating the Fibrillar Ultrastructure and Mechanics in Keloid Scars Using In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Nanomechanical Imaging. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15051836. [PMID: 35269067 PMCID: PMC8911729 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Fibrotic scarring is prevalent in a range of collagenous tissue disorders. Understanding the role of matrix biophysics in contributing to fibrotic progression is important to develop therapies, as well as to elucidate biological mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate how microfocus small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), with in situ mechanics and correlative imaging, can provide quantitative and position-resolved information on the fibrotic matrix nanostructure and its mechanical properties. We use as an example the case of keloid scarring in skin. SAXS mapping reveals heterogeneous gradients in collagen fibrillar concentration, fibril pre-strain (variations in D-period) and a new interfibrillar component likely linked to proteoglycans, indicating evidence of a complex 3D structure at the nanoscale. Furthermore, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle for a diffraction-contrast correlative imaging technique, incorporating, for the first time, DIC and SAXS, and providing an initial estimate for measuring spatially resolved fibrillar-level strain and reorientation in such heterogeneous tissues. By application of the method, we quantify (at the microscale) fibrillar reorientations, increases in fibrillar D-period variance, and increases in mean D-period under macroscopic tissue strains of ~20%. Our results open the opportunity of using synchrotron X-ray nanomechanical imaging as a quantitative tool to probe structure–function relations in keloid and other fibrotic disorders in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhou Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (Y.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Dave Hollis
- LaVision UK, 2 Minton Place, Victoria Road, Bicester OX26 6QB, UK;
| | - Rosie Ross
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (R.R.); (J.C.)
| | - Tim Snow
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK; (T.S.); (N.J.T.)
| | - Nick J. Terrill
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK; (T.S.); (N.J.T.)
| | - Yongjie Lu
- Centre for Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 5PZ, UK;
| | - Wen Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (Y.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - John Connelly
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (R.R.); (J.C.)
| | - Gianluca Tozzi
- School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK;
| | - Himadri S. Gupta
- Institute of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (Y.Z.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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El Touny LH, Hose C, Connelly J, Harris E, Monks A, Dull AB, Wilsker DF, Hollingshead MG, Gottholm-Ahalt M, Alcoser SY, Mullendore ME, Parchment RE, Doroshow JH, Teicher BA, Rapisarda A. ATR inhibition reverses the resistance of homologous recombination deficient MGMT low/MMR proficient cancer cells to temozolomide. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2114-2130. [PMID: 34676045 PMCID: PMC8522839 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of temozolomide (TMZ) is hindered by inherent and acquired resistance. Biomarkers such as MGMT expression and MMR proficiency are used as predictors of response. However, not all MGMTlow/−ve/MMRproficient patients benefit from TMZ treatment, indicating a need for additional patient selection criteria. We explored the role of ATR in mediating TMZ resistance and whether ATR inhibitors (ATRi) could reverse this resistance in multiple cancer lines. We observed that only 31% of MGMTlow/−ve/MMRproficient patient-derived and established cancer lines are sensitive to TMZ at clinically relevant concentrations. TMZ treatment resulted in DNA damage signaling in both sensitive and resistant lines, but prolonged G2/M arrest and cell death were exclusive to sensitive models. Inhibition of ATR but not ATM, sensitized the majority of resistant models to TMZ and resulted in measurable DNA damage and persistent growth inhibition. Also, compromised homologous recombination (HR) via RAD51 or BRCA1 loss only conferred sensitivity to TMZ when combined with an ATRi. Furthermore, low REV3L mRNA expression correlated with sensitivity to the TMZ and ATRi combination in vitro and in vivo. This suggests that HR defects and low REV3L levels could be useful selection criteria for enhanced clinical efficacy of an ATRi plus TMZ combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara H El Touny
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA.,Current address: Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Curtis Hose
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - John Connelly
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Erik Harris
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Anne Monks
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Angie B Dull
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Deborah F Wilsker
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael E Mullendore
- In Vivo Evaluation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ralph E Parchment
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, NCI, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Annamaria Rapisarda
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
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15
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Wu Y, Fortunato GM, Okesola BO, Brocchetti FLPD, Suntornnond R, Connelly J, De Maria C, Rodriguez-Cabello JC, Vozzi G, Wang W, Mata A. An interfacial self-assembling bioink for the manufacturing of capillary-like structures with tuneable and anisotropic permeability. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33561850 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abe4c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling bioinks offer the possibility to biofabricate with molecular precision, hierarchical control, and biofunctionality. For this to become a reality with widespread impact, it is essential to engineer these ink systems ensuring reproducibility and providing suitable standardization. We have reported a self-assembling bioink based on disorder-to-order transitions of an elastin-like recombinamer (ELR) to co-assemble with graphene oxide (GO). Here, we establish reproducible processes, optimize printing parameters for its use as a bioink, describe new advantages that the self-assembling bioink can provide, and demonstrate how to fabricate novel structures with physiological relevance. We fabricate capillary-like structures with resolutions down to ∼10µm in diameter and ∼2µm thick tube walls and use both experimental and finite element analysis to characterize the printing conditions, underlying interfacial diffusion-reaction mechanism of assembly, printing fidelity, and material porosity and permeability. We demonstrate the capacity to modulate the pore size and tune the permeability of the resulting structures with and without human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Finally, the potential of the ELR-GO bioink to enable supramolecular fabrication of biomimetic structures was demonstrated by printing tubes exhibiting walls with progressively different structure and permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Maria Fortunato
- Research Center 'E. Piaggio' and Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, Pisa 1-56122, Italy
| | - Babatunde O Okesola
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ratima Suntornnond
- CREATE LAB, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - John Connelly
- CREATE LAB, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Carmelo De Maria
- Research Center 'E. Piaggio' and Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, Pisa 1-56122, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Vozzi
- Research Center 'E. Piaggio' and Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, Pisa 1-56122, Italy
| | - Wen Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro Mata
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Council of State Administrators of Vocational Rehabilitation (CSAVR) represents the chief administrators of the 78 vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies in every state, territory, and the District of Columbia. In anticipation of the 100th anniversary of the public VR program, CSAVR launched its Vision 2020 goals with an express interest in innovation. CSAVR recognizes that research is important to provide the data that VR agencies need to continually improve their outcomes and services. OBJECTIVE: The authors make a case for why researcher-VR partnerships are an important strategy for innovation and provide suggestions for strengthening those partnerships. METHODS: The authors describe CSAVR’s investment in research and provide data from a survey of state VR agencies on research participation. RESULTS: Researchers can increase state VR agency participation in their projects by involving the agency in study design, minimizing the time and resource burden on the agency, and demonstrating that the proposed research will yield products that benefit customers and improve staff competency. CONCLUSION: VR agencies are motivated to engage in research that will clearly add value and improve operations with minimal burden. It is hoped that greater agency participation in research will yield better data to guide agencies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Connelly
- Council of State Administrators of Vocational Rehabilitation, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Wooderson
- Council of State Administrators of Vocational Rehabilitation, Rockville, MD, USA
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17
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Krushkal J, Silvers T, Reinhold WC, Sonkin D, Vural S, Connelly J, Varma S, Meltzer PS, Kunkel M, Rapisarda A, Evans D, Pommier Y, Teicher BA. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation analysis of small cell lung cancer cell lines suggests potential chemotherapy targets. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:93. [PMID: 32586373 PMCID: PMC7318526 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine lung cancer. SCLC progression and treatment resistance involve epigenetic processes. However, links between SCLC DNA methylation and drug response remain unclear. We performed an epigenome-wide study of 66 human SCLC cell lines using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array. Correlations of SCLC DNA methylation and gene expression with in vitro response to 526 antitumor agents were examined. RESULTS We found multiple significant correlations between DNA methylation and chemosensitivity. A potentially important association was observed for TREX1, which encodes the 3' exonuclease I that serves as a STING antagonist in the regulation of a cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway. Increased methylation and low expression of TREX1 were associated with the sensitivity to Aurora kinase inhibitors AZD-1152, SCH-1473759, SNS-314, and TAK-901; the CDK inhibitor R-547; the Vertex ATR inhibitor Cpd 45; and the mitotic spindle disruptor vinorelbine. Compared with cell lines of other cancer types, TREX1 had low mRNA expression and increased upstream region methylation in SCLC, suggesting a possible relationship with SCLC sensitivity to Aurora kinase inhibitors. We also identified multiple additional correlations indicative of potential mechanisms of chemosensitivity. Methylation of the 3'UTR of CEP350 and MLPH, involved in centrosome machinery and microtubule tracking, respectively, was associated with response to Aurora kinase inhibitors and other agents. EPAS1 methylation was associated with response to Aurora kinase inhibitors, a PLK-1 inhibitor and a Bcl-2 inhibitor. KDM1A methylation was associated with PLK-1 inhibitors and a KSP inhibitor. Increased promoter methylation of SLFN11 was correlated with resistance to DNA damaging agents, as a result of low or no SLFN11 expression. The 5' UTR of the epigenetic modifier EZH2 was associated with response to Aurora kinase inhibitors and a FGFR inhibitor. Methylation and expression of YAP1 were correlated with response to an mTOR inhibitor. Among non-neuroendocrine markers, EPHA2 was associated with response to Aurora kinase inhibitors and a PLK-1 inhibitor and CD151 with Bcl-2 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Multiple associations indicate potential epigenetic mechanisms affecting SCLC response to chemotherapy and suggest targets for combination therapies. While many correlations were not specific to SCLC lineages, several lineage markers were associated with specific agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krushkal
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Thomas Silvers
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - William C Reinhold
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dmitriy Sonkin
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Suleyman Vural
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - John Connelly
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Sudhir Varma
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mark Kunkel
- Drug Synthesis and Chemistry Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Annamaria Rapisarda
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - David Evans
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Beverly A Teicher
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Behrouzi B, Weyers JJ, Qi X, Barry J, Rabadia V, Manca D, Connelly J, Spino M, Wood JC, Strauss BH, Wright GA, Ghugre NR. Action of iron chelator on intramyocardial hemorrhage and cardiac remodeling following acute myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:24. [PMID: 32140789 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-0782-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intramyocardial hemorrhage is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Iron deposition resulting from ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) is pro-inflammatory and has been associated with adverse remodeling. The role of iron chelation in hemorrhagic acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has never been explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cardioprotection offered by the iron-chelating agent deferiprone (DFP) in a porcine AMI model by evaluating hemorrhage neutralization and subsequent cardiac remodeling. Two groups of animals underwent a reperfused AMI procedure: control and DFP treated (N = 7 each). A comprehensive MRI examination was performed in healthy state and up to week 4 post-AMI, followed by histological assessment. Infarct size was not significantly different between the two groups; however, the DFP group demonstrated earlier resolution of hemorrhage (by T2* imaging) and edema (by T2 imaging). Additionally, ventricular enlargement and myocardial hypertrophy (wall thickness and mass) were significantly smaller with DFP, suggesting reduced adverse remodeling, compared to control. The histologic results were consistent with the MRI findings. To date, there is no effective targeted therapy for reperfusion hemorrhage. Our proof-of-concept study is the first to identify hemorrhage-derived iron as a therapeutic target in I/R and exploit the cardioprotective properties of an iron-chelating drug candidate in the setting of AMI. Iron chelation could potentially serve as an adjunctive therapy in hemorrhagic AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Behrouzi
- Department of Physics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jill J Weyers
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiuling Qi
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Barry
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Michael Spino
- ApoPharma Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John C Wood
- Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bradley H Strauss
- Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Graham A Wright
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nilesh R Ghugre
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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19
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Krushkal J, Silvers T, Sonkin D, Vural S, Connelly J, Varma S, Meltzer PS, Reinhold WC, Rapisarda A, Evans D, Pommier Y, Teicher BA. Abstract B013: Associations of epigenome-wide DNA methylation patterns with chemosensitivity and chemoresistance of small cell lung cancer cell lines. Mol Cancer Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-19-b013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), an aggressive neuroendocrine type of lung cancer, rapidly acquires resistance to treatment. SCLC progression, lineage differentiation, and resistance to therapy have been suggested to involve epigenetic processes. To date, epigenetic links connecting SCLC DNA methylation patterns to drug response and the ways in which these links are mediated by gene expression remain unclear. In order to understand how DNA methylation may affect SCLC response to chemotherapy, we performed an epigenome-wide association study of 66 SCLC cell lines. We used Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip to measure methylation of 866,091 probes. We examined how methylation of probes and gene regions was associated with SCLC in vitro response to 526 antitumor agents. We also identified associations of epigenetic variation with drug response which may be mediated by regulation of gene expression. A potentially important strong association was observed for TREX1, which encodes the 3’ exonuclease I (DNase III) that is involved in resolution of chromatin bridges and has a potential role in chromothripsis. Increased methylation and low expression of TREX1 were associated with SCLC cell line sensitivity to multiple Aurora kinase inhibitors AZD-1152, SCH-1473759, SNS-314, and TAK-901, as well as to the CDK inhibitor R-547, Vertex ATR inhibitor Cpd 45, and the mitotic spindle disruptor vinorelbine. TREX1 upregulation has been previously associated with resistance of other cancers to DNA damaging agents and with DNA repair or DNA degradation after drug exposure. In our analysis, when compared to other cancer categories, TREX1 in SCLC cell lines had low mRNA expression and increased DNA methylation upstream of its transcription start site, which may provide a possible molecular mechanism for SCLC sensitivity to Aurora kinase inhibitors. CEP350 and MLPH, which are involved in centrosome machinery and microtubule tracking, were associated with several Aurora kinase inhibitors and other agents. Among other examples, EPAS1 (HIF2A) was associated with several Aurora kinase inhibitors, the PLK1 inhibitor GSK-461364, and the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737. Methylation of KDM1A, encoding the histone modifier lysine demethylase 1A (LSD1), was associated with PLK1 inhibitors and the KSP inhibitor SB-743921. IGFBP5, which is expressed in the tuft cell-like SCLC subtype, was associated with the mTOR inhibitor INK-128. Upstream regions of MDM2 and DLL3, a Notch pathway regulator overexpressed in ASCL1-high SCLC tumors, were associated with Bcl-2 inhibitors. Methylation and expression of YAP1, a SCLC lineage driver regulating the Hippo pathway, were correlated with the MTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Among non-neuroendocrine lineage markers, EPHA2 was associated with Aurora kinase inhibitors and a PLK1 inhibitor, and CD151 with Bcl-2 inhibitors. Increased methylation upstream of SLFN11 was correlated with resistance to DNA damaging agents, which is likely mediated by SLFN11 expression. The 5’ UTR region of the epigenetic modifier EZH2 was associated with Aurora kinase inhibitors and the FGFR inhibitor BGJ-398. These and multiple other associations identified in this study provide a novel understanding of epigenetic mechanisms which may modulate SCLC response to chemotherapy, and suggest potential molecular targets for combination therapies. This research was supported in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, NIH, under contract HHSN261200800001E.
Citation Format: Julia Krushkal, Thomas Silvers, Dmitriy Sonkin, Suleyman Vural, John Connelly, Sudhir Varma, Paul S. Meltzer, William C. Reinhold, Annamaria Rapisarda, David Evans, Yves Pommier, Beverly A. Teicher. Associations of epigenome-wide DNA methylation patterns with chemosensitivity and chemoresistance of small cell lung cancer cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B013. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-B013
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Silvers
- 2Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | | | | | - John Connelly
- 2Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | | | | | | | - Annamaria Rapisarda
- 2Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - David Evans
- 2Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
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Ross R, Maxwell J, Lui X, Connelly J. 636 Mechano-sensing and inflammatory signalling in normal and keloid dermal fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Blowes L, Sliogeryte K, Gavara N, Connelly J. 268 Geometry-dependent chromatin remodelling in keratinocytes is altered by cell-cell adhesions. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Weyers JJ, Thomas R, Qi X, Barry J, Rabadia V, Manca D, Connelly J, Spino M, Strauss BH, Wright GA, Ghugre NR. Abstract 848: The Iron Chelator Deferiprone Clears Hemorrhagic Byproducts Following Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Swine Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion. Circ Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/res.125.suppl_1.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current treatments for myocardial infarction (MI) aim to remove the vascular occlusion and reperfuse the infarcted tissue. While reperfusion can salvage myocardium, it can also increase damage to the unsalvageable tissue, one mechanism of which is hemorrhage; the resulting blood and iron deposits increase edema and inflammation. We hypothesize that removing these iron deposits with the iron chelating drug deferiprone (DFP) will reduce inflammation and lead to faster healing post-MI.
Using a swine model of ischemia-reperfusion, pigs were administered either DFP or saline for four weeks post-MI. Cardiac MRI tracked heart function, infarct progression (via late gadolinium enhancement), hemorrhage (via T2* imaging), and edema (via T2 imaging) at baseline and 1 day, 1 week, and 4 weeks post-MI. Animals were then sacrificed and hearts were processed for histology.
Treatment with DFP decreased the presence of iron in the infarct compared to saline by one week post-MI, as shown by increased T2* values. DFP treatment also decreased end diastolic wall swelling, suggesting less inflammation post-MI. To support this, T2 values and histology both revealed trends toward less edema with DFP. Histology also showed trended increases in fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition at four weeks post-MI in the treatment group, consistent with a faster resolution to scar. Ventricular remodeling (by ventricular volumes), infarct size (by MRI, histology and blood Troponin I levels), and infarct transmurality were all unaffected, but contractile function improved with DFP treatment: ejection fraction and wall thickening both improved faster.
In conclusion, DFP treatment successfully reduced hemorrhagic iron within the infarct as compared to saline, indicating a clearing of the iron byproducts. Treatment also decreased wall swelling, suggesting reduced inflammation, and improved contractile function. In the infarct, reduced swelling could indicate faster remodeling and a faster resolution to scar, and histology confirms a more progressed scar structure with DFP treatment. Overall, iron chelation appears to be a promising therapy that could reduce the negative effects of hemorrhage and speed the functional recovery of patients post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiuilng Qi
- Sunnybrook Rsch Institute, Toronto, Canada
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Evans DM, Fang J, Silvers T, Delosh R, Laudeman J, Ogle C, Reinhart R, Selby M, Bowles L, Connelly J, Harris E, Krushkal J, Rubinstein L, Doroshow JH, Teicher BA. Exposure time versus cytotoxicity for anticancer agents. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:359-371. [PMID: 31102023 PMCID: PMC8127868 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Time is a critical factor in drug action. The duration of inhibition of the target or residence time of the drug molecule on the target often guides drug scheduling. METHODS The effects of time on the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of approved and investigational agents [300 compounds] were examined in the NCI60 cell line panel in 2D at 2, 3, 7 and in 3D 11 days. RESULTS There was a moderate positive linear relationship between data from the 2-day NCI60 screen and the 3-, 7- and 11-day and a strong positive linear relationship between 3-, 7- and 11-day luminescence screen IC50s by Pearson correlation analysis. Cell growth inhibition by agents selective for a specific cell cycle phase plateaued when susceptible cells were growth inhibited or killed. As time increased the depth of cell growth inhibition increased without change in the IC50. DNA interactive agents had decreasing IC50s with increasing exposure time. Epigenetic agents required longer exposure times; several were only cytotoxic after 11 days' exposure. For HDAC inhibitors, time had little or no effect on concentration response. There were potency differences amongst the three BET bromodomain inhibitors tested, and an exposure duration effect. The PARP inhibitors, rucaparib, niraparib, and veliparib reached IC50s < 10 μM in some cell lines after 11 days. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that variations in compound exposure time may reflect either mechanism of action or compound chemical half-life. The activity of slow-acting compounds may optimally be assessed in spheroid models that can be monitored over prolonged incubation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Evans
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jianwen Fang
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Thomas Silvers
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Rene Delosh
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Julie Laudeman
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Chad Ogle
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Russell Reinhart
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Michael Selby
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Lori Bowles
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - John Connelly
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Erik Harris
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Julia Krushkal
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Larry Rubinstein
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - James H Doroshow
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, National Cancer Institute, RM 4-W602, MSC 9735, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Touny LE, Harris E, Hose C, Connelly J, Vengsarkar D, Monks A, Parchment RE, Doroshow JH, Teicher BA, Rapisarda A. Abstract 270: Temozolomide resistant MGMT negative/MMR proficient cancer cells rely on ATR signaling and homologous recombination for DNA repair and survival. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
MGMT loss is used to predict response to temozolomide (TMZ), however, some patients do not benefit, suggesting that additional criteria for selection remain to be identified. Using patient derived and well-established cancer lines cancer lines we observed a 100% association between mismatched repair (MMR) defects and TMZ resistance; however, only 16% of MGMT-/MMR+ lines were sensitive to TMZ at clinically relevant concentrations. Activation of DNA damage and repair signaling was noted in both sensitive and resistant bladder cancer cell lines in response to TMZ but protracted DNA damage, accompanied by persistent G2/M arrest, was observed only in the sensitive models. ATR inhibition sensitized MGMT-/MMR proficient resistant models to TMZ resulting in measurable DNA damage, prolonged G2/M arrest and persistent growth inhibition: an effect that was mediated by Chk1. Homologous recombination and repair has been shown to play an important role in repairing TMZ-induced DNA damage. We demonstrate that ATR inhibition abrogated homologous recombination (HR) activity in a MGMT-/MMR proficient TMZ resistant bladder model and that a TMZ sensitive bladder model had minimal HR (assessed by pDR-GFP/SceI assay). Moreover, HR -deficiency (mediated by BRCA1 defects or RAD51 inhibition) conferred sensitivity to TMZ in combination with an ATR inhibitor. Our in vitro data suggest that a MGMT-/MMR+/HR-Deficiency profile identifies models that respond to TMZ/ATR inhibitor combination. Indeed, one Patient-derived Xenograft (PDX) model (available in the Patient Derived Models Repository), selected by this criterion (MGMT-/MMR+ and LOH>40%) showed delayed tumor growth and increased survival in the TMZ-VX970 combination arm, compared to single agents. Overall, our data suggest that MGMT-/MMR+ cells rely on ATR-dependent signaling for repair of TMZ-induced DSBs and that HR defects should be evaluated as criteria for selecting patients that will benefit from an ATR inhibitor/TMZ combination regimen. Funded by NCI Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. This research was supported, in part, by the Developmental Therapeutics Program in the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis of the National Cancer Institute.
Citation Format: Lara El Touny, Erik Harris, Curtis Hose, John Connelly, Diana Vengsarkar, Anne Monks, Ralph E. Parchment, James H. Doroshow, Beverly A. Teicher, Annamaria Rapisarda. Temozolomide resistant MGMT negative/MMR proficient cancer cells rely on ATR signaling and homologous recombination for DNA repair and survival [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 270.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Harris
- 1FNLCR/Leidos Biomed. Research, Inc., Frederick, MD
| | - Curtis Hose
- 1FNLCR/Leidos Biomed. Research, Inc., Frederick, MD
| | | | | | - Anne Monks
- 1FNLCR/Leidos Biomed. Research, Inc., Frederick, MD
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Uttagomol J, Águedo A, Connelly J, Wan H. 858 Desmoglein 3 acts as a mechanosensor in keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Pearce OMT, Delaine-Smith RM, Maniati E, Nichols S, Wang J, Böhm S, Rajeeve V, Ullah D, Chakravarty P, Jones RR, Montfort A, Dowe T, Gribben J, Jones JL, Kocher HM, Serody JS, Vincent BG, Connelly J, Brenton JD, Chelala C, Cutillas PR, Lockley M, Bessant C, Knight MM, Balkwill FR. Deconstruction of a Metastatic Tumor Microenvironment Reveals a Common Matrix Response in Human Cancers. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:304-319. [PMID: 29196464 PMCID: PMC5837004 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have profiled, for the first time, an evolving human metastatic microenvironment by measuring gene expression, matrisome proteomics, cytokine and chemokine levels, cellularity, extracellular matrix organization, and biomechanical properties, all on the same sample. Using biopsies of high-grade serous ovarian cancer metastases that ranged from minimal to extensive disease, we show how nonmalignant cell densities and cytokine networks evolve with disease progression. Multivariate integration of the different components allowed us to define, for the first time, gene and protein profiles that predict extent of disease and tissue stiffness, while also revealing the complexity and dynamic nature of matrisome remodeling during development of metastases. Although we studied a single metastatic site from one human malignancy, a pattern of expression of 22 matrisome genes distinguished patients with a shorter overall survival in ovarian and 12 other primary solid cancers, suggesting that there may be a common matrix response to human cancer.Significance: Conducting multilevel analysis with data integration on biopsies with a range of disease involvement identifies important features of the evolving tumor microenvironment. The data suggest that despite the large spectrum of genomic alterations, some human malignancies may have a common and potentially targetable matrix response that influences the course of disease. Cancer Discov; 8(3); 304-19. ©2017 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 253.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M T Pearce
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Robin M Delaine-Smith
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eleni Maniati
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Sam Nichols
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Jun Wang
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Steffen Böhm
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Vinothini Rajeeve
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Dayem Ullah
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | | | - Roanne R Jones
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Anne Montfort
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Tom Dowe
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - John Gribben
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - J Louise Jones
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Hemant M Kocher
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - John Connelly
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claude Chelala
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Pedro R Cutillas
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Michelle Lockley
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Conrad Bessant
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Martin M Knight
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Bioinformatics Core, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Frances R Balkwill
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.
- Bioinformatics Core, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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Li D, Sharili AS, Connelly J, Gautrot JE. Highly Stable RNA Capture by Dense Cationic Polymer Brushes for the Design of Cytocompatible, Serum-Stable SiRNA Delivery Vectors. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:606-615. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir S. Sharili
- Barts
and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - John Connelly
- Barts
and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
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El Touny LH, Connelly J, Hose C, Monks A, Newton D, Stockwin L, Hollingshead M, Parchment R, Doroshow JH, Teicher BA, Rapisarda A. Abstract A117: Modeling ATM loss of function via CRISPR-Cas9 as a predictive tool for therapeutic responses in cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-17-a117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
ATM is a master regulator of the DNA damage response (DDR) elicited by double-strand breaks (DSB). After DNA DSB, ATM controls cell fate via cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair. Numerous tumor types have ATM gene loss-of-function mutations, resulting in genomic instability. Most knowledge on the effect of ATM loss on DDR and tumor therapeutic response is from ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) patients and ATM knockout models. A distinct and more deleterious phenotype has been proposed for kinase-dead (KD) ATM mutants that retain ATM protein expression. Inhibition of ATM activity does not fully mimic ATM loss; therefore, KD ATM mutants may be better predictors of response to ATM inhibitors and chronic effects of ATM inhibition. Using an inducible lentiviral CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system, we generated in-frame ATM mutated clonal lines derived from a bladder cancer PDX model (BLX1), via targeting of ATM exon 57, which maps to the second exon in the kinase domain. CRISPR-edited clones consistently exhibited reduced phosphorylation of Kap1 (S824) but not CHK2, p53 or NBS1 when challenged with DSB-inducing agents such as ionizing radiation (IR) and etoposide. Similar results were obtained in unedited cells treated with the ATM inhibitor KU55933, confirming that changes observed are ATM-dependent and suggesting that reduced Kap1 phosphorylation is a robust readout of compromised ATM activity in response to DSB-inducing therapies. Radiosensitivity is a hallmark of the A-T syndrome and the CRISPR-edited clones had increased sensitivity to DSB-inducing agents including IR, bleomycin, etoposide, and doxorubicin but not to S-phase drugs gemcitabine and camptothecin in a 10-day colony formation assay. ATM deficiency increased the dependency of cancer cells on ATM-independent repair mechanisms. Indeed, short-term (4-day) proliferation assays demonstrated the synthetic lethality of KD ATM with ATR inhibitors (AZD6738, VE821), Chk1 inhibitors (MK8776, LY2606368), as well as high concentrations of PARP inhibitors (Olaparib, BMN673) but not the DNAPK inhibitor (NU7441). KD ATM clones did not have increased response to cisplatin as a single agent except at high concentrations (>10 µM); the combination of low-concentration cisplatin (<1 µM) and an ATR inhibitor had a greater effect in KD ATM clones compared to unedited cells, demonstrating increased dependence on ATR. In summary, CRISPR-Cas9 editing of the ATM kinase domain was a useful tool for characterizing ATM loss-of-function effects, identifying targets to resensitize ATM mutants and elucidating compensatory mechanisms driven by chronic ATM loss. Funded by NCI Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. This research was supported, in part, by the Developmental Therapeutics Program in the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis of the National Cancer Institute.
Citation Format: Lara H. El Touny, John Connelly, Curtis Hose, Anne Monks, Dianne Newton, Luke Stockwin, Melinda Hollingshead, Ralph Parchment, James H. Doroshow, Beverly A. Teicher, Annamaria Rapisarda. Modeling ATM loss of function via CRISPR-Cas9 as a predictive tool for therapeutic responses in cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A117.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Curtis Hose
- 1Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD
| | - Anne Monks
- 1Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD
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El Touny LH, Harris E, Hose C, Connelly J, Monks A, Newton D, Stockwin L, Hollingshead M, Parchment R, Doroshow JH, Teicher BA, Rapisarda A. Abstract A116: Temozolomide-resistant MGMT/MSI double-negative cancer cells rely on ATR signaling and homologous recombination for DNA repair and survival. Mol Cancer Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-17-a116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Although loss of MGMT expression is used as a predictive biomarker for response to temozolomide (TMZ), some patients do not benefit from treatment, suggesting that additional criteria for patient selection remain to be identified. We used a panel of newly developed patient derived models and well-characterized cancer lines to evaluate potential determinants of TMZ response and identify strategies to overcome TMZ resistance in MGMT negative cancers. There was 100% association between microsatellite instability (MSI) and TMZ resistance in the lines tested. Moreover, only a fraction of MGMT/MSI double-negative lines were sensitive to TMZ at clinically relevant concentrations (37.6µM). TMZ-induced DNA damage and repair (DDR) were compared in a bladder line sensitive to TMZ (BLX1, IC50 11.4µM) and a resistant large neuroendocrine cancer line (LNX1, IC50>80 µM). We observed DDR activation in both models, but only BLX1 had measurable DNA damage (PARP cleavage and γH2AX accumulation, starting 24 h post treatment). An extended G2/M arrest occurred in BLX1 but not in LNX1, suggesting that LNX1 efficiently repaired TMZ-induced damage. ATR inhibition (VE821, VX970 or AZD6738), but not ATM inhibition, in LNX1 cells increased response to TMZ (IC50 27.5µM), PARP cleavage, γH2AX accumulation, and protracted G2/M arrest. BLX1 had minimal homologous recombination (HR) capacity (measured by pDR-GFP/SceI assay) compared to LNX1; however, ATR inhibition abrogated HR activity in LNX1 cells, suggesting HR importance in repair of TMZ-induced damage. To assess whether HR defects sensitize cells to TMZ, we used MGMT positive BRCA1 null cells (UWB1.289) and their BRCA1 reconstituted counterpart line. BRCA1 status did not affect TMZ response in the presence of an MGMT inhibitor (TMZ IC50>80µM); however, BRCA1 null cells were sensitive to TMZ in combination with an ATR inhibitor (VE821 0.3µM, TMZ IC50 10µM). BRCA1 reconstituted cells were sensitized to TMZ+VE821 using a Rad51 inhibitor (B02 2.5µM, TMZ IC50 22.5µM), suggesting that when HR is compromised, cells rely on ATR signaling for repair of TMZ-induced damage. Our data suggest that MGMT/MSI double-negative cells rely on ATR-dependent signaling for repair of TMZ-induced DSBs and that HR defects could be used as additional selection criteria for TMZ+ATRi treatment. Funded by NCI Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. This research was supported, in part, by the Developmental Therapeutics Program in the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis of the National Cancer Institute.
Citation Format: Lara H. El Touny, Erik Harris, Curtis Hose, John Connelly, Anne Monks, Dianne Newton, Luke Stockwin, Melinda Hollingshead, Ralph Parchment, James H. Doroshow, Beverly A. Teicher, Annamaria Rapisarda. Temozolomide-resistant MGMT/MSI double-negative cancer cells rely on ATR signaling and homologous recombination for DNA repair and survival [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A116.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Harris
- 1Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD
| | - Curtis Hose
- 1Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD
| | | | - Anne Monks
- 1Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD
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Laly A, Connelly J. 084 The keratin cytoskeleton as a regulator of keratinocyte mechano-sensing. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Almeida F, Connelly J. 670 Development of high-throughput cell migration assay using tuneable micro-engineering substrates. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Heier JS, Kherani S, Desai S, Dugel P, Kaushal S, Cheng SH, Delacono C, Purvis A, Richards S, Le-Halpere A, Connelly J, Wadsworth SC, Varona R, Buggage R, Scaria A, Campochiaro PA. Intravitreous injection of AAV2-sFLT01 in patients with advanced neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a phase 1, open-label trial. Lancet 2017; 390:50-61. [PMID: 28526489 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term intraocular injections of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-neutralising proteins can preserve central vision in many patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. We tested the safety and tolerability of a single intravitreous injection of an AAV2 vector expressing the VEGF-neutralising protein sFLT01 in patients with advanced neovascular age-related macular degeneration. METHODS This was a phase 1, open-label, dose-escalating study done at four outpatient retina clinics in the USA. Patients were assigned to each cohort in order of enrolment, with the first three patients being assigned to and completing the first cohort before filling positions in the following treatment groups. Patients aged 50 years or older with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and a baseline best-corrected visual acuity score of 20/100 or less in the study eye were enrolled in four dose-ranging cohorts (cohort 1, 2 × 108 vector genomes (vg); cohort 2, 2 × 109 vg; cohort 3, 6 × 109 vg; and cohort 4, 2 × 1010 vg, n=3 per cohort) and one maximum tolerated dose cohort (cohort 5, 2 × 1010 vg, n=7) and followed up for 52 weeks. The primary objective of the study was to assess the safety and tolerability of a single intravitreous injection of AAV2-sFLT01, through the measurement of eye-related adverse events. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01024998. FINDINGS 19 patients with advanced neovascular age-related macular degeneration were enrolled in the study between May 18, 2010, and July 14, 2014. All patients completed the 52-week trial period. Two patients in cohort 4 (2 × 1010 vg) experienced adverse events that were possibly study-drug related: pyrexia and intraocular inflammation that resolved with a topical steroid. Five of ten patients who received 2 × 1010 vg had aqueous humour concentrations of sFLT01 that peaked at 32·7-112·0 ng/mL (mean 73·7 ng/mL, SD 30·5) by week 26 with a slight decrease to a mean of 53·2 ng/mL at week 52 (SD 17·1). At baseline, four of these five patients were negative for anti-AAV2 serum antibodies and the fifth had a very low titre (1:100) of anti-AAV2 antibodies, whereas four of the five non-expressers of sFLT01 had titres of 1:400 or greater. In 11 of 19 patients with intraretinal or subretinal fluid at baseline judged to be reversible, six showed substantial fluid reduction and improvement in vision, whereas five showed no fluid reduction. One patient in cohort 5 showed a large decrease in vision between weeks 26 and 52 that was not thought to be vector-related. INTERPRETATION Intravitreous injection of AAV2-sFLT01 seemed to be safe and well tolerated at all doses. Additional studies are needed to identify sources of variability in expression and anti-permeability activity, including the potential effect of baseline anti-AAV2 serum antibodies. FUNDING Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saleema Kherani
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Shilpa Desai
- Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pravin Dugel
- Retinal Consultants of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Shalesh Kaushal
- University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter A Campochiaro
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA.
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Martin-Bastida A, Ward RJ, Newbould R, Piccini P, Sharp D, Kabba C, Patel MC, Spino M, Connelly J, Tricta F, Crichton RR, Dexter DT. Brain iron chelation by deferiprone in a phase 2 randomised double-blinded placebo controlled clinical trial in Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1398. [PMID: 28469157 PMCID: PMC5431100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with increased iron levels in the substantia nigra (SNc). This study evaluated whether the iron chelator, deferiprone, is well tolerated, able to chelate iron from various brain regions and improve PD symptomology. In a randomised double-blind, placebo controlled trial, 22 early onset PD patients, were administered deferiprone, 10 or 15 mg/kg BID or placebo, for 6 months. Patients were evaluated for PD severity, cognitive function, depression rating and quality of life. Iron concentrations were assessed in the substantia nigra (SNc), dentate and caudate nucleus, red nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus by T2* MRI at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Deferiprone therapy was well tolerated and was associated with a reduced dentate and caudate nucleus iron content compared to placebo. Reductions in iron content of the SNc occurred in only 3 patients, with no changes being detected in the putamen or globus pallidus. Although 30 mg/kg deferiprone treated patients showed a trend for improvement in motor-UPDRS scores and quality of life, this did not reach significance. Cognitive function and mood were not adversely affected by deferiprone therapy. Such data supports more extensive clinical trials into the potential benefits of iron chelation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Martin-Bastida
- Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Roberta J Ward
- Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Universite Catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Rexford Newbould
- Imanova Ltd, Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paola Piccini
- Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - David Sharp
- Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Christina Kabba
- Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Maneesh C Patel
- Imaging Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, Fulham Palace Road, London, W6 8RF, UK
| | - Michael Spino
- ApoPharma Inc. 200 Barmac Drive, Toronto, Ontario, M9L 2Z7, Canada
| | - John Connelly
- ApoPharma Inc. 200 Barmac Drive, Toronto, Ontario, M9L 2Z7, Canada
| | - Fernando Tricta
- ApoPharma Inc. 200 Barmac Drive, Toronto, Ontario, M9L 2Z7, Canada
| | | | - David T Dexter
- Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Di Cio S, Bøggild TML, Connelly J, Sutherland DS, Gautrot JE. Differential integrin expression regulates cell sensing of the matrix nanoscale geometry. Acta Biomater 2017; 50:280-292. [PMID: 27940195 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The nanoscale geometry and topography of the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) is an important parameter controlling cell adhesion and phenotype. Similarly, integrin expression and the geometrical maturation of adhesions they regulate have been correlated with important changes in cell spreading and phenotype. However, how integrin expression controls the nanoscale sensing of the ECM geometry is not clearly understood. Here we develop a new nanopatterning technique, electrospun nanofiber lithography (ENL), which allows the production of a quasi-2D fibrous nanopattern with controlled dimensions (250-1000nm) and densities. ENL relies on electrospun fibres to act as a mask for the controlled growth of protein-resistant polymer brushes. SEM, AFM and immunofluorescence imaging were used to characterise the resulting patterns and the adsorption of the extra-cellular matrix protein fibronectin to the patterned fibres. The control of adhesion formation was studied, as well as the remodelling and deposition of novel matrix. Cell spreading was found to be regulated by the size of fibres, similarly to previous observations made on circular nanopatterns. However, cell shape and polarity were more significantly affected. These changes correlated with important cytoskeleton reorganisation, with a gradual decrease in stress fibre formation as the pattern dimensions decrease. Finally, the differential expression of αvβ3 and α5β1 integrins in engineered cell lines was found to be an important mediator of cell sensing of the nanoscale geometry of the ECM. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The novel nanofiber patterns developed in this study, via ENL, mimic the geometry and continuity of natural matrices found in the stroma of tissues, whilst preserving a quasi-2D character (to facilitate imaging and for comparison with other 2D systems such as micropatterned monolayers and circular nanopatches generated by colloidal lithography). These results demonstrate that the nanoscale geometry of the ECM plays an important role in regulating cell adhesion and that this is modulated by integrin expression. This is an important finding as it implies that the knowledge of the biochemical context underlying the integrin-mediated adhesive machinery of specific cell types should allow better design of biomaterials and biointerfaces. Indeed, changes in integrin expression are often associated with the control of cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Di Cio
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Thea M L Bøggild
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - John Connelly
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | | | - Julien E Gautrot
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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Nguyen HS, Milbach N, Hurrell SL, Cochran E, Connelly J, Bovi JA, Schultz CJ, Mueller WM, Rand SD, Schmainda KM, LaViolette PS. Progressing Bevacizumab-Induced Diffusion Restriction Is Associated with Coagulative Necrosis Surrounded by Viable Tumor and Decreased Overall Survival in Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:2201-2208. [PMID: 27492073 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with recurrent glioblastoma often exhibit regions of diffusion restriction following the initiation of bevacizumab therapy. Studies suggest that these regions represent either diffusion-restricted necrosis or hypercellular tumor. This study explored postmortem brain specimens and a population analysis of overall survival to determine the identity and implications of such lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Postmortem examinations were performed on 6 patients with recurrent glioblastoma on bevacizumab with progressively growing regions of diffusion restriction. ADC values were extracted from regions of both hypercellular tumor and necrosis. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to define optimal ADC thresholds for differentiating tissue types. A retrospective population study was also performed comparing the overall survival of 64 patients with recurrent glioblastoma treated with bevacizumab. Patients were separated into 3 groups: no diffusion restriction, diffusion restriction that appeared and progressed within 5 months of bevacizumab initiation, and delayed or stable diffusion restriction. An additional analysis was performed assessing tumor O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase methylation. RESULTS The optimal ADC threshold for differentiation of hypercellularity and necrosis was 0.736 × 10-3mm2/s. Progressively expanding diffusion restriction was pathologically confirmed to be coagulative necrosis surrounded by viable tumor. Progressive lesions were associated with the worst overall survival, while stable lesions showed the greatest overall survival (P < .05). Of the 40% of patients with O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase methylated tumors, none developed diffusion-restricted lesions. CONCLUSIONS Progressive diffusion-restricted lesions were pathologically confirmed to be coagulative necrosis surrounded by viable tumor and associated with decreased overall survival. Stable lesions were, however, associated with increased overall survival. All lesions were associated with O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase unmethylated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Nguyen
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (H.S.N., W.M.M.)
| | - N Milbach
- Radiology (N.M., S.L.H., S.D.R., K.M.S., P.S.L.)
| | - S L Hurrell
- Radiology (N.M., S.L.H., S.D.R., K.M.S., P.S.L.)
| | | | | | - J A Bovi
- Radiation Oncology (J.A.B., C.J.S.)
| | | | - W M Mueller
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (H.S.N., W.M.M.)
| | - S D Rand
- Radiology (N.M., S.L.H., S.D.R., K.M.S., P.S.L.)
| | - K M Schmainda
- Radiology (N.M., S.L.H., S.D.R., K.M.S., P.S.L.)
- Biophysics (K.M.S., P.S.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - P S LaViolette
- Radiology (N.M., S.L.H., S.D.R., K.M.S., P.S.L.)
- Biophysics (K.M.S., P.S.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Bellanti F, Del Vecchio GC, Putti MC, Maggio A, Filosa A, Cosmi C, Mangiarini L, Spino M, Connelly J, Ceci A, Della Pasqua O. Population pharmacokinetics and dosing recommendations for the use of deferiprone in children younger than 6 years. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 83:593-602. [PMID: 27641003 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Despite long clinical experience with deferiprone, there is limited information on its pharmacokinetics in children aged <6 years. Here we assess the impact of developmental growth on the pharmacokinetics of deferiprone in this population using a population approach. Based on pharmacokinetic bridging concepts, we also evaluate whether the recommended doses yield appropriate systemic exposure in this group of patients. METHODS Data from a study in which 18 paediatric patients were enrolled were available for the purposes of this analysis. Patients were randomised to three deferiprone dose levels (8.3, 16.7 and 33.3 mg kg-1 ). Blood samples were collected according to an optimised sampling scheme in which each patient contributed to a maximum of five samples. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using NONMEM v.7.2. Model selection criteria were based on graphical and statistical summaries. RESULTS A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and first-order elimination best described the pharmacokinetics of deferiprone. Drug disposition parameters were affected by body weight, with both clearance and volume increasing allometrically with size. Simulation scenarios show that comparable systemic exposure (AUC) is achieved in children and adults after similar dose levels in mg kg-1 , with median (5-95th quantiles) AUC values, respectively, of 340.6 (223.2-520.0) μmol l-1 h and 318.5 (200.4-499.0) μmol l-1 h at 75 mg kg-1 day-1 , and 453.7 (297.3-693.0) μmol l-1 h and 424.2 (266.9-664.0) μmol l-1 h at 100 mg kg-1 day-1 given as three times daily (t.i.d.) doses. CONCLUSIONS Based on the current findings, a dosing regimen of 25 mg kg-1 t.i.d. is recommended in children aged <6 years, with the possibility of titration up to 33.3 mg kg-1 t.i.d.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni C Del Vecchio
- Paediatric Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Italy
| | | | - Aurelio Maggio
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia - Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aldo Filosa
- Azienda Ospedaliera Antonio Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Cosmi
- Clinica Pediatrica Università di Sassari - ASL1, Sassari, Italy
| | - Laura Mangiarini
- Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Adriana Ceci
- Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Oscar Della Pasqua
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University College London, UK
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Polley E, Kunkel M, Evans D, Silvers T, Delosh R, Laudeman J, Ogle C, Reinhart R, Selby M, Connelly J, Harris E, Fer N, Sonkin D, Kaur G, Monks A, Malik S, Morris J, Teicher BA. Small Cell Lung Cancer Screen of Oncology Drugs, Investigational Agents, and Gene and microRNA Expression. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djw122. [PMID: 27247353 PMCID: PMC6279282 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is an aggressive, recalcitrant cancer, often metastatic at diagnosis and unresponsive to chemotherapy upon recurrence, thus it is challenging to treat. METHODS Sixty-three human SCLC lines and three NSCLC lines were screened for response to 103 US Food and Drug Administration-approved oncology agents and 423 investigational agents. The investigational agents library was a diverse set of small molecules that included multiple compounds targeting the same molecular entity. The compounds were screened in triplicate at nine concentrations with a 96-hour exposure time using an ATP Lite endpoint. Gene expression was assessed by exon array, and microRNA expression was derived by direct digital detection. Activity across the SCLC lines was associated with molecular characteristics using pair-wise Pearson correlations. RESULTS Results are presented for inhibitors of targets: BCL2, PARP1, mTOR, IGF1R, KSP/Eg5, PLK-1, AURK, and FGFR1. A relational map identified compounds with similar patterns of response. Unsupervised microRNA clustering resulted in three distinct SCLC subgroups. Associating drug response with micro-RNA expression indicated that lines most sensitive to etoposide and topotecan expressed high miR-200c-3p and low miR-140-5p and miR-9-5p. The BCL-2/BCL-XL inhibitors produced similar response patterns. Sensitivity to ABT-737 correlated with higher ASCL1 and BCL2. Several classes of compounds targeting nuclear proteins regulating mitosis produced a response pattern distinct from the etoposide response pattern. CONCLUSIONS Agents targeting nuclear kinases appear to be effective in SCLC lines. Confirmation of SCLC line findings in xenografts is needed. The drug and compound response, gene expression, and microRNA expression data are publicly available at http://sclccelllines.cancer.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Polley
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Mark Kunkel
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - David Evans
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Thomas Silvers
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Rene Delosh
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Julie Laudeman
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Chad Ogle
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Russell Reinhart
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Michael Selby
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - John Connelly
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Erik Harris
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Nicole Fer
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Dmitriy Sonkin
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Gurmeet Kaur
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Anne Monks
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Shakun Malik
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Joel Morris
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Beverly A. Teicher
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
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Sands SA, Leung-Toung R, Wang Y, Connelly J, LeVine SM. Enhanced Histochemical Detection of Iron in Paraffin Sections of Mouse Central Nervous System Tissue: Application in the APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ASN Neuro 2016; 8:1759091416670978. [PMID: 27683879 PMCID: PMC5043597 DOI: 10.1177/1759091416670978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histochemical methods of detecting iron in the rodent brain result mainly in the labeling of oligodendrocytes, but as all cells utilize iron, this observation suggests that much of the iron in the central nervous system goes undetected. Paraffin embedding of tissue is a standard procedure that is used to prepare sections for microscopic analysis. In the present study, we questioned whether we could modify the iron histochemical procedure to enable a greater detection of iron in paraffin sections. Indeed, various modifications led to the widespread labeling of iron in mouse brain tissue (for instance, labeling of neurons and neuropil). Sites of focal concentrations, such as cytoplasmic punctate or nucleolar staining, were also observed. The modified procedures were applied to paraffin sections of a mouse model (APP/PS1) of Alzheimer's disease. Iron was revealed in the plaque core and rim. The plaque rim had a fibrillary or granular appearance, and it frequently contained iron-labeled cells. Further analysis indicated that the iron was tightly associated with the core of the plaque, but less so with the rim. In conclusion, modifications to the histochemical staining revealed new insights into the deposition of iron in the central nervous system. In theory, the approach should be transferrable to organs besides the brain and to other species, and the underlying principles should be incorporable into a variety of staining methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Sands
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, KS, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven M LeVine
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, KS, USA
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Tricta F, Uetrecht J, Galanello R, Connelly J, Rozova A, Spino M, Palmblad J. Deferiprone-induced agranulocytosis: 20 years of clinical observations. Am J Hematol 2016; 91:1026-31. [PMID: 27415835 PMCID: PMC5129477 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Use of the iron chelator deferiprone for treatment of iron overload in thalassemia patients is associated with concerns over agranulocytosis, which requires weekly absolute neutrophil counts (ANC). Here, we analyze all episodes of agranulocytosis (n = 161) and neutropenia (n = 250) during deferiprone use in clinical trials (CT) and postmarketing surveillance programs (PMSP). Rates of agranulocytosis and neutropenia in CT were 1.5% and 5.5%, respectively. Of the agranulocytosis cases, 61% occurred during the first 6 months of therapy and 78% during the first year. These events appeared to be independent of dose, and occurred three times more often in females than males. Their duration was not significantly shortened by use of G‐CSF. No patient with baseline neutropenia (n = 12) developed agranulocytosis during treatment, which raises questions about the validity of prior neutropenia as a contraindication to use. Only 1/7 novel neutropenia cases in CT progressed to agranulocytosis with continued treatment, indicating that neutropenia does not necessarily lead to agranulocytosis. The agranulocytosis fatality rate was 0% in CT and 15/143 (11%) in PMSP. Rechallenge with deferiprone produced agranulocytosis in 75% of patients in whom the event had already occurred, and in 10% with previous neutropenia. Weekly ANC monitoring allows early detection and interruption of therapy, but does not prevent agranulocytosis from occurring. Its relevance appears to decrease after the first year of therapy, when agranulocytosis occurs less often. Based upon analysis of data collected over the past 20 years, it appears that patient education may be the key to minimizing agranulocytosis‐associated risks during deferiprone therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 91:1026–1031, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. American Journal of Hematology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack Uetrecht
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoToronto Ontario Canada
| | - Renzo Galanello
- Ospedale Regionale per la Microcitemia, ASL8, Cagliari Italy
| | | | | | | | - Jan Palmblad
- Departments of Medicine and HematologyKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital HuddingeStockholm Sweden
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40
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Ghetti M, Topouzi H, Theocharidis G, Cenacchi G, Bondioli E, Farrant P, Connelly J, Higgins C. 564 Subpopulations of dermal fibroblasts produce distinct extracellular matrices. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Evans JMM, Connelly J, Jepson R, Gray C, Shepherd A, Mackison D. OP37 A feasibility study of a physical activity intervention designed by and for women aged >55 years in a Bingo club. Br J Soc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208064.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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42
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Lyst MJ, Connelly J, Merusi C, Bird A. Sequence-specific DNA binding by AT-hook motifs in MeCP2. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2927-33. [PMID: 27461740 PMCID: PMC5028900 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
MeCP2 is a chromatin‐associated protein that is mutated in Rett syndrome. Its methyl‐CpG‐binding domain interacts with DNA containing methylated cytosine, but other modes of recruitment to the genome have also been proposed. Here, we use in vitro and in vivo assays to investigate the DNA binding specificity of two AT‐hook motifs in MeCP2. One exhibits robust sequence‐specific DNA binding, whereas the other is a much weaker AT‐hook. Our data indicate that these motifs are secondary contributors to DNA binding by MeCP2, and this view is supported by the absence of disease‐causing missense mutations at these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Lyst
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Connelly
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cara Merusi
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adrian Bird
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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el Touny LH, Connelly J, Hose C, Monks A, Burkett MW, Harris E, Delosh RM, Laudeman J, Ogle C, Reinhart R, Selby M, Silvers T, Evans D, Newton D, Stockwin L, Hollingshead M, Parchment R, Doroshow JH, Teicher B, Rapisarda A. Abstract 5178: Determinants of response to temozolomide in an exceptionally sensitive patient derived model. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-5178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Application of precision medicine to cancer treatment utilizes cutting-edge genomic sequencing techniques to identify specific mutations in tumors that can be matched to targeted therapies designed to treat those abnormalities. To complement NCI-MPACT, an ongoing molecular profiling-based clinical trial (NCT01827384), we used cell lines developed from several patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models to examine response to, and potential biomarkers for, the regimens of the 4-arm MPACT trial: veliparib (VLP)/temozolomide (TMZ), AZD1775/carboplatin, everolimus and trametinib. In vitro sensitivity of the PDX-derived cell lines to clinically achievable concentrations of these MPACT drugs (combinations and single agents) was examined in classic 2D cultures (monolayer on plastic) and 3D cultures (spheroids generated in ultra-low attachment culture plates). Responses in 2D and 3D cultures were similar after 7 days of drug exposure. Moreover, adding VLP (1.7μM or 5μM) in combination with TMZ did not enhance TMZ cytotoxicity. A bladder cancer cell line developed from a PDX model (BLX) showed exceptional sensitivity to TMZ (IC50 ∼ 3-5μM) compared to a lung cancer cell line (also produced from a PDX; LUX) which was insensitive (IC50 >40 μM). Loss of MGMT expression in glioma and possibly in colorectal carcinoma is considered a predictive biomarker for response to alkylating agents, such as dacarbazine and TMZ. Indeed, we could not detect MGMT protein expression in BLX, while MGMT was present at high levels in LUX. To elucidate unique determinants of BLX hypersensitivity to TMZ beyond MGMT expression, we examined DNA damage responses elicited in this model. Under both 2D and 3D conditions, exposure to TMZ (13 and 40μM) for various times (4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs) induced γH2AX after 24 hr, while PARP1 cleavage was induced as early as 48 hrs after drug addition indicating the onset of apoptosis. TMZ activated ATR and ATM signaling pathways especially at the later time points, paralleling the pharmacodynamics of PARP cleavage. Moreover, concordant with the sensitivity profiles, signaling activation in 2D and 3D conditions was similar. In contrast, none of these pathways were activated in the TMZ non-responsive LUX model. Cell line models developed from PDXs with intermediate MGMT expression are being evaluated.
A key to success of personalized medicine in oncology will be the identification of genomic determinants that predict which individual cases will show exceptional responses to particular treatments, and our data suggest that PDX cell line models may be valuable for elucidating molecular and genetic characteristics of response to specific drugs and for the identification of predictive biomarkers.
Funded by NCI Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. This research was supported, in part, by the Developmental Therapeutics Program in the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis of the National Cancer Institute.
Citation Format: Lara H. el Touny, John Connelly, Curtis Hose, Anne Monks, Mark W. Burkett, Erik Harris, Rene’ M. Delosh, Julie Laudeman, Chad Ogle, Russell Reinhart, Michael Selby, Thomas Silvers, David Evans, Dianne Newton, Luke Stockwin, Melinda Hollingshead, Ralph Parchment, James H. Doroshow, Beverly Teicher, Annamaria Rapisarda. Determinants of response to temozolomide in an exceptionally sensitive patient derived model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5178.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Connelly
- 1NCI-Frederick/Leidos Biomed. Research, Inc., Frederick, MD
| | - Curtis Hose
- 1NCI-Frederick/Leidos Biomed. Research, Inc., Frederick, MD
| | - Anne Monks
- 1NCI-Frederick/Leidos Biomed. Research, Inc., Frederick, MD
| | | | - Erik Harris
- 1NCI-Frederick/Leidos Biomed. Research, Inc., Frederick, MD
| | | | - Julie Laudeman
- 1NCI-Frederick/Leidos Biomed. Research, Inc., Frederick, MD
| | - Chad Ogle
- 1NCI-Frederick/Leidos Biomed. Research, Inc., Frederick, MD
| | | | - Michael Selby
- 1NCI-Frederick/Leidos Biomed. Research, Inc., Frederick, MD
| | - Thomas Silvers
- 1NCI-Frederick/Leidos Biomed. Research, Inc., Frederick, MD
| | - David Evans
- 1NCI-Frederick/Leidos Biomed. Research, Inc., Frederick, MD
| | - Dianne Newton
- 1NCI-Frederick/Leidos Biomed. Research, Inc., Frederick, MD
| | - Luke Stockwin
- 1NCI-Frederick/Leidos Biomed. Research, Inc., Frederick, MD
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Steele CW, Karim SA, Leach JDG, Bailey P, Upstill-Goddard R, Rishi L, Foth M, Bryson S, McDaid K, Wilson Z, Eberlein C, Candido JB, Clarke M, Nixon C, Connelly J, Jamieson N, Carter CR, Balkwill F, Chang DK, Evans TRJ, Strathdee D, Biankin AV, Nibbs RJB, Barry ST, Sansom OJ, Morton JP. CXCR2 Inhibition Profoundly Suppresses Metastases and Augments Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:832-845. [PMID: 27265504 PMCID: PMC4912354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CXCR2 has been suggested to have both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive properties. Here we show that CXCR2 signaling is upregulated in human pancreatic cancer, predominantly in neutrophil/myeloid-derived suppressor cells, but rarely in tumor cells. Genetic ablation or inhibition of CXCR2 abrogated metastasis, but only inhibition slowed tumorigenesis. Depletion of neutrophils/myeloid-derived suppressor cells also suppressed metastasis suggesting a key role for CXCR2 in establishing and maintaining the metastatic niche. Importantly, loss or inhibition of CXCR2 improved T cell entry, and combined inhibition of CXCR2 and PD1 in mice with established disease significantly extended survival. We show that CXCR2 signaling in the myeloid compartment can promote pancreatic tumorigenesis and is required for pancreatic cancer metastasis, making it an excellent therapeutic target.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Deoxycytidine/administration & dosage
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Mice
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Small Molecule Libraries/administration & dosage
- Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology
- Survival Analysis
- Up-Regulation
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Gemcitabine
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin W Steele
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Saadia A Karim
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Joshua D G Leach
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Peter Bailey
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Loveena Rishi
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Mona Foth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sheila Bryson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen McDaid
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Zena Wilson
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | | | - Juliana B Candido
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mairi Clarke
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - John Connelly
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nigel Jamieson
- Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - C Ross Carter
- Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - Frances Balkwill
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - David K Chang
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - T R Jeffry Evans
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Douglas Strathdee
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Robert J B Nibbs
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Simon T Barry
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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Saxena D, Spino M, Tricta F, Connelly J, Cracchiolo BM, Hanauske AR, D’Alliessi Gandolfi D, Mathews MB, Karn J, Holland B, Park MH, Pe’ery T, Palumbo PE, Hanauske-Abel HM. Drug-Based Lead Discovery: The Novel Ablative Antiretroviral Profile of Deferiprone in HIV-1-Infected Cells and in HIV-Infected Treatment-Naive Subjects of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Exploratory Trial. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154842. [PMID: 27191165 PMCID: PMC4871512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Antiretrovirals suppress HIV-1 production yet spare the sites of HIV-1 production, the HIV-1 DNA-harboring cells that evade immune detection and enable viral resistance on-drug and viral rebound off-drug. Therapeutic ablation of pathogenic cells markedly improves the outcome of many diseases. We extend this strategy to HIV-1 infection. Using drug-based lead discovery, we report the concentration threshold-dependent antiretroviral action of the medicinal chelator deferiprone and validate preclinical findings by a proof-of-concept double-blind trial. In isolate-infected primary cultures, supra-threshold concentrations during deferiprone monotherapy caused decline of HIV-1 RNA and HIV-1 DNA; did not allow viral breakthrough for up to 35 days on-drug, indicating resiliency against viral resistance; and prevented, for at least 87 days off-drug, viral rebound. Displaying a steep dose-effect curve, deferiprone produced infection-independent deficiency of hydroxylated hypusyl-eIF5A. However, unhydroxylated deoxyhypusyl-eIF5A accumulated particularly in HIV-infected cells; they preferentially underwent apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Since the threshold, ascertained at about 150 μM, is achievable in deferiprone-treated patients, we proceeded from cell culture directly to an exploratory trial. HIV-1 RNA was measured after 7 days on-drug and after 28 and 56 days off-drug. Subjects who attained supra-threshold concentrations in serum and completed the protocol of 17 oral doses, experienced a zidovudine-like decline of HIV-1 RNA on-drug that was maintained off-drug without statistically significant rebound for 8 weeks, over 670 times the drug's half-life and thus clearance from circulation. The uniform deferiprone threshold is in agreement with mapping of, and crystallographic 3D-data on, the active site of deoxyhypusyl hydroxylase (DOHH), the eIF5A-hydroxylating enzyme. We propose that deficiency of hypusine-containing eIF5A impedes the translation of mRNAs encoding proline cluster ('polyproline')-containing proteins, exemplified by Gag/p24, and facilitated by the excess of deoxyhypusine-containing eIF5A, releases the innate apoptotic defense of HIV-infected cells from viral blockade, thus depleting the cellular reservoir of HIV-1 DNA that drives breakthrough and rebound. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov NCT02191657.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Saxena
- Department of Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Michael Spino
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ApoPharma Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Bernadette M. Cracchiolo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Axel-Rainer Hanauske
- Oncology Center and Medical Clinic III, Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael B. Mathews
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Karn
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Bart Holland
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Myung Hee Park
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tsafi Pe’ery
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Paul E. Palumbo
- Department of Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PEP); (HMHA)
| | - Hartmut M. Hanauske-Abel
- Department of Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PEP); (HMHA)
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Brown K, Selfridge J, Lagger S, Connelly J, De Sousa D, Kerr A, Webb S, Guy J, Merusi C, Koerner MV, Bird A. The molecular basis of variable phenotypic severity among common missense mutations causing Rett syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:558-70. [PMID: 26647311 PMCID: PMC4731022 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene, which encodes a chromosomal protein that binds to methylated DNA. Mouse models mirror the human disorder and therefore allow investigation of phenotypes at a molecular level. We describe an Mecp2 allelic series representing the three most common missense Rett syndrome (RTT) mutations, including first reports of Mecp2[R133C] and Mecp2[T158M] knock-in mice, in addition to Mecp2[R306C] mutant mice. Together these three alleles comprise ∼25% of all RTT mutations in humans, but they vary significantly in average severity. This spectrum is mimicked in the mouse models; R133C being least severe, T158M most severe and R306C of intermediate severity. Both R133C and T158M mutations cause compound phenotypes at the molecular level, combining compromised DNA binding with reduced stability, the destabilizing effect of T158M being more severe. Our findings contradict the hypothesis that the R133C mutation exclusively abolishes binding to hydroxymethylated DNA, as interactions with DNA containing methyl-CG, methyl-CA and hydroxymethyl-CA are all reduced in vivo. We find that MeCP2[T158M] is significantly less stable than MeCP2[R133C], which may account for the divergent clinical impact of the mutations. Overall, this allelic series recapitulates human RTT severity, reveals compound molecular aetiologies and provides a valuable resource in the search for personalized therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Brown
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Jim Selfridge
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Sabine Lagger
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - John Connelly
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Dina De Sousa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Alastair Kerr
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Shaun Webb
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Jacky Guy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Cara Merusi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Martha V Koerner
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Adrian Bird
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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47
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Teicher BA, Polley E, Kunkel M, Evans D, Silvers T, Delosh R, Laudeman J, Ogle C, Reinhart R, Selby M, Connelly J, Harris E, Monks A, Morris J. Abstract B67: Sarcoma cell line screen of oncology drugs and investigational agents identifies patterns associated with gene and microRNA expression. Mol Cancer Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-15-b67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The diversity in sarcoma phenotype and genotype make treatment of this family of diseases exceptionally challenging. Sixty-three human adult and pediatric sarcoma lines were screened with 100 FDA approved oncology agents and 345 investigational agents. The investigational agents library enabled comparison of several compounds targeting the same molecular entity allowing comparison of target specificity and heterogeneity of cell line response. Gene expression was derived from exon array data and microRNA expression was derived from direct digital detection assays. The compounds were screened against each cell line at 9 concentrations in triplicate with an exposure time of 96 hrs using Alamar blue as the endpoint. Results are presented for inhibitors of the following targets: aurora kinase, IGF-1R, MEK, BET bromodomain, and PARP1. Chemical structures, IC50 heat maps, concentration response curves, gene expression and miR expression heat maps are presented for selected examples. In addition, two cases of exceptional responders are presented. The drug and compound response, gene expression and microRNA expression data are publicly available at http://sarcoma.cancer.gov. These data provide a unique resource to the cancer research community.
Citation Format: Beverly A. Teicher, Eric Polley, Mark Kunkel, David Evans, Thomas Silvers, Rene Delosh, Julie Laudeman, Chad Ogle, Russell Reinhart, Michael Selby, John Connelly, Erik Harris, Anne Monks, Joel Morris. Sarcoma cell line screen of oncology drugs and investigational agents identifies patterns associated with gene and microRNA expression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr B67.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Evans
- 2Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD
| | | | - Rene Delosh
- 2Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD
| | | | - Chad Ogle
- 2Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD
| | | | | | | | - Erik Harris
- 2Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD
| | - Anne Monks
- 2Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD
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Zhao L, Hadziahmetovic M, Wang C, Xu X, Song Y, Jinnah HA, Wodzinska J, Iacovelli J, Wolkow N, Krajacic P, Weissberger AC, Connelly J, Spino M, Lee MK, Connor J, Giasson B, Harris ZL, Dunaief JL. Cp/Heph mutant mice have iron-induced neurodegeneration diminished by deferiprone. J Neurochem 2015; 135:958-74. [PMID: 26303407 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brain iron accumulates in several neurodegenerative diseases and can cause oxidative damage, but mechanisms of brain iron homeostasis are incompletely understood. Patients with mutations in the cellular iron-exporting ferroxidase ceruloplasmin (Cp) have brain iron accumulation causing neurodegeneration. Here, we assessed the brains of mice with combined mutation of Cp and its homolog hephaestin. Compared to single mutants, brain iron accumulation was accelerated in double mutants in the cerebellum, substantia nigra, and hippocampus. Iron accumulated within glia, while neurons were iron deficient. There was loss of both neurons and glia. Mice developed ataxia and tremor, and most died by 9 months. Treatment with the oral iron chelator deferiprone diminished brain iron levels, protected against neuron loss, and extended lifespan. Ferroxidases play important, partially overlapping roles in brain iron homeostasis by facilitating iron export from glia, making iron available to neurons. Above: Iron (Fe) normally moves from capillaries to glia to neurons. It is exported from the glia by ferroportin (Fpn) with ferroxidases ceruloplasmin (Cp) and/or Hephaestin (Heph). Below: In mice with mutation of Cp and Heph, iron accumulates in glia, while neurons have low iron levels. Both neurons and glia degenerate and mice become ataxic unless given an iron chelator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhao
- F.M Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Majda Hadziahmetovic
- F.M Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chenguang Wang
- F.M Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Xueying Xu
- Department of Medicine, Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Song
- F.M Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - H A Jinnah
- Departments of Neurology, Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Jared Iacovelli
- F.M Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Natalie Wolkow
- F.M Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Predrag Krajacic
- F.M Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alyssa Cwanger Weissberger
- F.M Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Michael Spino
- ApoPharma Inc, Toronto, California, USA.,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto M5S 3M2, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael K Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - James Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benoit Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Z Leah Harris
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joshua L Dunaief
- F.M Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Teicher BA, Polley E, Kunkel M, Evans D, Silvers T, Delosh R, Laudeman J, Ogle C, Reinhart R, Selby M, Connelly J, Harris E, Monks A, Morris J. Sarcoma Cell Line Screen of Oncology Drugs and Investigational Agents Identifies Patterns Associated with Gene and microRNA Expression. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2452-62. [PMID: 26351324 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The diversity in sarcoma phenotype and genotype make treatment of this family of diseases exceptionally challenging. Sixty-three human adult and pediatric sarcoma lines were screened with 100 FDA-approved oncology agents and 345 investigational agents. The investigational agents' library enabled comparison of several compounds targeting the same molecular entity allowing comparison of target specificity and heterogeneity of cell line response. Gene expression was derived from exon array data and microRNA expression was derived from direct digital detection assays. The compounds were screened against each cell line at nine concentrations in triplicate with an exposure time of 96 hours using Alamar blue as the endpoint. Results are presented for inhibitors of the following targets: aurora kinase, IGF-1R, MEK, BET bromodomain, and PARP1. Chemical structures, IC50 heat maps, concentration response curves, gene expression, and miR expression heat maps are presented for selected examples. In addition, two cases of exceptional responders are presented. The drug and compound response, gene expression, and microRNA expression data are publicly available at http://sarcoma.cancer.gov. These data provide a unique resource to the cancer research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
| | - Eric Polley
- Biometric Research Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mark Kunkel
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - David Evans
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Thomas Silvers
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Rene Delosh
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Julie Laudeman
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Chad Ogle
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Russell Reinhart
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Michael Selby
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - John Connelly
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Erik Harris
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Anne Monks
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Joel Morris
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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Mickevicius N, Carle A, Santarriaga-Escamilla S, Bluemel T, Connelly J, Rand S, Mueller W, Schmainda K, LaViolette P. NI-58 * LOCATION OF GLIOBLASTOMA INTERSECTIING WHITE MATTER TRACTS PREDICT PATIENT PROGNOSIS AND RESPONSE TO BEVACIZUMAB PRIOR TO THERAPY. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou264.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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