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Nagao M, Matsumoto H, Miura Y. Design of Glycopolymers for Controlling the Interactions with Lectins. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300643. [PMID: 37622191 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are involved in life activities through the interactions with their corresponding proteins (lectins). Pathogen infection and the regulation of cell activity are controlled by the binding between lectins and glycoconjugates on cell surfaces. A deeper understanding of the interactions of glycoconjugates has led to the development of therapeutic and preventive methods for infectious diseases. Glycopolymer is one of the classes of the materials present multiple carbohydrates. The properties of glycopolymers can be tuned through the molecular design of the polymer structures. This review focuses on research over the past decade on the design of glycopolymers with the aim of developing inhibitors against pathogens and manipulator of cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nagao
- Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hikaru Matsumoto
- Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku Fukuoka, Japan
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2
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Becker J, Terracciano R, Yilmaz G, Napier R, Becer CR. Step-Growth Glycopolymers with a Defined Tacticity for Selective Carbohydrate-Lectin Recognition. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1924-1933. [PMID: 36976928 PMCID: PMC10091353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Glycopolymers are potent candidates for biomedical applications by exploiting multivalent carbohydrate-lectin interactions. Owing to their specific recognition capabilities, glycosylated polymers can be utilized for targeted drug delivery to certain cell types bearing the corresponding lectin receptors. A fundamental challenge in glycopolymer research, however, is the specificity of recognition to receptors binding to the same sugar unit (e.g., mannose). Variation of polymer backbone chirality has emerged as an effective method to distinguish between lectins on a molecular level. Herein, we present a facile route toward producing glycopolymers with a defined tacticity based on a step-growth polymerization technique using click chemistry. A set of polymers have been fabricated and further functionalized with mannose moieties to enable lectin binding to receptors relevant to the immune system (mannose-binding lectin, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin, and dendritic and thymic epithelial cell-205). Surface plasmon resonance spectrometry was employed to determine the kinetic parameters of the step-growth glycopolymers. The results highlight the importance of structural complexity in advancing glycopolymer synthesis, yet multivalency remains a main driving force in lectin recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Becker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | | | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - C Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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3
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Martínez-Bailén M, Rojo J, Ramos-Soriano J. Multivalent glycosystems for human lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:536-572. [PMID: 36545903 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00736c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human lectins are involved in a wide variety of biological processes, both physiological and pathological, which have attracted the interest of the scientific community working in the glycoscience field. Multivalent glycosystems have been employed as useful tools to understand carbohydrate-lectin binding processes as well as for biomedical applications. The review shows the different scaffolds designed for a multivalent presentation of sugars and their corresponding binding studies to lectins and in some cases, their biological activities. We summarise this research by organizing based on lectin types to highlight the progression in this active field. The paper provides an overall picture of how these contributions have furnished relevant information on this topic to help in understanding and participate in these carbohydrate-lectin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Martínez-Bailén
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain.
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain.
| | - Javier Ramos-Soriano
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain.
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4
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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5
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Izuagbe AE, Truong VX, Tuten BT, Roesky PW, Barner-Kowollik C. Visible Light Switchable Single-Chain Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan E. Izuagbe
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland4000, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland4000, Australia
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vinh X. Truong
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland4000, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland4000, Australia
| | - Bryan T. Tuten
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland4000, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland4000, Australia
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland4000, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland4000, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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7
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Zhao T, Terracciano R, Becker J, Monaco A, Yilmaz G, Becer CR. Hierarchy of Complex Glycomacromolecules: From Controlled Topologies to Biomedical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:543-575. [PMID: 34982551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates bearing a distinct complexity use a special code (Glycocode) to communicate with carbohydrate-binding proteins at a high precision to manipulate biological activities in complex biological environments. The level of complexity in carbohydrate-containing macromolecules controls the amount and specificity of information that can be stored in biomacromolecules. Therefore, a better understanding of the glycocode is crucial to open new areas of biomedical applications by controlling or manipulating the interaction between immune cells and pathogens in terms of trafficking and signaling, which would become a powerful tool to prevent infectious diseases. Even though a certain level of progress has been achieved over the past decade, synthetic glycomacromolecules are still lagging far behind naturally existing glycans in terms of complexity and precision because of insufficient and inefficient synthetic techniques. Currently, specific targeting at a cellular level using synthetic glycomacromolecules is still challenging. It is obvious that multidisciplinary collaborations are essential between different specialized disciplines to enhance the carbohydrate receptor-targeting paradigm for new biomedical applications. In this Perspective, recent developments in the synthesis of sophisticated glycomacromolecules are highlighted, and their biological and biomedical applications are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieshuai Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Terracciano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Becker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Monaco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - C Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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8
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Bhattacharya K, Kalita U, Singha NK. Tailor-made Glycopolymers via Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization: Design, Properties and Applications. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01640g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the underlying mechanism of biological interactions using glycopolymer is becoming increasingly important owing to their unique recognition properties. The multivalent interactions between lectin and glycopolymer are significantly influenced by...
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Alkan B, Daglar O, Aydogan Temel B, Durmaz H, Temel G. Rapid Synthesis of Polyester Based Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles via Intra-Molecular Aza Michael Addition Reaction. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01631h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An alternative strategy was developed to prepare intramolecularly crosslinked soft nanoparticles using aza Michael addition reaction on a linear polyester (PCA) containing in-chain reactive triple bonds. The linear precursor was...
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Lee DC, Guye KN, Paranji RK, Lachowski K, Pozzo LD, Ginger DS, Pun SH. Dual-Stimuli Responsive Single-Chain Polymer Folding via Intrachain Complexation of Tetramethoxyazobenzene and β-Cyclodextrin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10126-10134. [PMID: 34369796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We synthesize and characterize a triblock polymer with asymmetric tetramethoxyazobenzene (TMAB) and β-cyclodextrin functionalization, taking advantage of the well-characterized azobenzene derivative-cyclodextrin inclusion complex to promote photoresponsive, self-contained folding of the polymer in an aqueous system. We use 1H NMR to show the reversibility of (E)-to-(Z) and (Z)-to-(E) TMAB photoisomerization, and evaluate the thermal stability of (Z)-TMAB and the comparatively rapid acid-catalyzed thermal (Z)-to-(E) isomerization. Important for its potential use as a functional material, we show the photoisomerization cyclability of the polymeric TMAB chromophore and calculate isomerization quantum yields by extinction spectroscopy. To verify self-inclusion of the polymeric TMAB and cyclodextrin, we use two-dimensional 1H NOESY NMR data to show proximity of TMAB and cyclodextrin in the (E)-state only; however, (Z)-TMAB is not locally correlated with cyclodextrin. Finally, the observed decrease in photoisomerization quantum yield for the dual-functionalized polymer compared to the isolated chromophore in an aqueous solution confirms TMAB and β-cyclodextrin not only are in proximity to one another, but also form the inclusion complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Lee
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kathryn N Guye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Rajan K Paranji
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kacper Lachowski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Lilo D Pozzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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11
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Alqarni MAM, Waldron C, Yilmaz G, Becer CR. Synthetic Routes to Single Chain Polymer Nanoparticles (SCNPs): Current Status and Perspectives. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100035. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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12
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Collis DWP, Yilmaz G, Yuan Y, Monaco A, Ochbaum G, Shi Y, O'Malley C, Uzunova V, Napier R, Bitton R, Becer CR, Azevedo HS. Hyaluronan (HA)-inspired glycopolymers as molecular tools for studying HA functions. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:568-576. [PMID: 34458800 PMCID: PMC8341579 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00223b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), the only non-sulphated glycosaminoglycan, serves numerous structural and biological functions in the human body, from providing viscoelasticity in tissues to creating hydrated environments for cell migration and proliferation. HA is also involved in the regulation of morphogenesis, inflammation and tumorigenesis through interactions with specific HA-binding proteins. Whilst the physicochemical and biological properties of HA have been widely studied for decades, the exact mechanisms by which HA exerts its multiple functions are not completely understood. Glycopolymers offer a simple and precise synthetic platform for the preparation of glycan analogues, being an alternative to the demanding synthetic chemical glycosylation. A library of homo, statistical and alternating HA glycopolymers were synthesised by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerisation and post-modification utilising copper alkyne-azide cycloaddition to graft orthogonal pendant HA monosaccharides (N-acetyl glucosamine: GlcNAc and glucuronic acid: GlcA) onto the polymer. Using surface plasmon resonance, the binding of the glycopolymers to known HA-binding peptides and proteins (CD44, hyaluronidase) was assessed and compared to carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins). These studies revealed potential structure-binding relationships between HA monosaccharides and HA receptors and novel HA binders, such as Dectin-1 and DEC-205 lectins. The inhibitory effect of HA glycopolymers on hyaluronidase (HAase) activity was also investigated suggesting GlcNAc- and GlcA-based glycopolymers as potential HAase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic W P Collis
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Yichen Yuan
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - Alessandra Monaco
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Guy Ochbaum
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Ilza Katz, Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Yejiao Shi
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - Clare O'Malley
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | | | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Ronit Bitton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Ilza Katz, Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - C Remzi Becer
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Helena S Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
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13
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Blazquez-Martín A, Verde-Sesto E, Moreno AJ, Arbe A, Colmenero J, Pomposo JA. Advances in the Multi-Orthogonal Folding of Single Polymer Chains into Single-Chain Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:293. [PMID: 33477597 PMCID: PMC7831314 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The folding of certain proteins (e.g., enzymes) into perfectly defined 3D conformations via multi-orthogonal interactions is critical to their function. Concerning synthetic polymers chains, the "folding" of individual polymer chains at high dilution via intra-chain interactions leads to so-called single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs). This review article describes the advances carried out in recent years in the folding of single polymer chains into discrete SCNPs via multi-orthogonal interactions using different reactive chemical species where intra-chain bonding only occurs between groups of the same species. First, we summarize results from computer simulations of multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs. Next, we comprehensively review multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs synthesized via either non-covalent bonds or covalent interactions. Finally, we conclude by summarizing recent research about multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs prepared through both reversible (dynamic) and permanent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Blazquez-Martín
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (E.V.-S.); (A.J.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
| | - Ester Verde-Sesto
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (E.V.-S.); (A.J.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
| | - Angel J. Moreno
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (E.V.-S.); (A.J.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Arantxa Arbe
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (E.V.-S.); (A.J.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Juan Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (E.V.-S.); (A.J.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 1072, E-20800 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José A. Pomposo
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (E.V.-S.); (A.J.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 1072, E-20800 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE—Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, E-48009 Bilbao, Spain
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14
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Monaco A, Drain B, Becer CR. Detailed GPC analysis of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) with core cross-linked star architecture. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00966d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Core cross-linked star shaped polymers possess unique physical properties that can be utilized as drug transporters for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Monaco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ben Drain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
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15
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Rivero-Barbarroja G, Benito JM, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM. Cyclodextrin-Based Functional Glyconanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2517. [PMID: 33333914 PMCID: PMC7765426 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) have long occupied a prominent position in most pharmaceutical laboratories as "off-the-shelve" tools to manipulate the pharmacokinetics of a broad range of active principles, due to their unique combination of biocompatibility and inclusion abilities. The development of precision chemical methods for their selective functionalization, in combination with "click" multiconjugation procedures, have further leveraged the nanoscaffold nature of these oligosaccharides, creating a direct link between the glyco and the nano worlds. CDs have greatly contributed to understand and exploit the interactions between multivalent glycodisplays and carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) and to improve the drug-loading and functional properties of nanomaterials through host-guest strategies. The whole range of capabilities can be enabled through self-assembly, template-assisted assembly or covalent connection of CD/glycan building blocks. This review discusses the advancements made in this field during the last decade and the amazing variety of functional glyconanomaterials empowered by the versatility of the CD component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Rivero-Barbarroja
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (G.R.-B.); (C.O.M.)
| | - Juan Manuel Benito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (G.R.-B.); (C.O.M.)
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16
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Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Controlled/living radical polymerization): From discovery to materials design and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Rütter M, Milošević N, David A. Say no to drugs: Bioactive macromolecular therapeutics without conventional drugs. J Control Release 2020; 330:1191-1207. [PMID: 33207257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of nanomedicines (NM) investigated today consists of a macromolecular carrier and a drug payload (conjugated or encapsulated), with a purpose of preferential delivery of the drug to the desired site of action, either through passive accumulation, or by active targeting via ligand-receptor interaction. Several drug delivery systems (DDS) have already been approved for clinical use. However, recent reports are corroborating the notion that NM do not necessarily need to include a drug payload, but can exert biological effects through specific binding/blocking of important target proteins at the site of action. The seminal work of Kopeček et al. on N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers containing biorecognition motifs (peptides or oligonucleotides) for crosslinking cell surface non-internalizing receptors of malignant cells and inducing their apoptosis, without containing any low molecular weight drug, led to the definition of a special group of NM, termed Drug-Free Macromolecular Therapeutics (DFMT). Systems utilizing this approach are typically designed to employ pendant targeting-ligands on the same macromolecule to facilitate multivalent interactions with receptors. The lack of conventional small molecule drugs reduces toxicity and adverse effects at off-target sites. In this review, we describe different types of DFMT that possess biological activity without attached low molecular weight drugs. We classified the relevant research into several groups by their mechanisms of action, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of these different approaches. We show that identification of target sites, specificity of attached targeting ligands, binding affinity and the synthesis of carriers of defined size and ligand spacing are crucial aspects of DFMT development. We further discuss how knowledge in the field of NM accumulated in the past few decades can help in the design of a successful DFMT to speed up the translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Rütter
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Nenad Milošević
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Ayelet David
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
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18
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Keklik M, Akar I, Temel BA, Balta DK, Temel G. Single‐chain
polymer nanoparticles via click crosslinking and effect of photoinduced radical combination on crosslink points. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Keklik
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences Bezmialem Vakif University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Irem Akar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences Bezmialem Vakif University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Binnur Aydogan Temel
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences Bezmialem Vakif University Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Bezmialem Vakif University Istanbul Turkey
| | | | - Gokhan Temel
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Yalova University Yalova Turkey
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19
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Chambre L, Maouati H, Oz Y, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Thiol-Reactive Clickable Cryogels: Importance of Macroporosity and Linkers on Biomolecular Immobilization. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2116-2124. [PMID: 32786374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Macroporous cryogels that are amenable to facile functionalization are attractive platforms for biomolecular immobilization, a vital step for fabrication of scaffolds necessary for areas like tissue engineering and diagnostic sensing. In this work, thiol-reactive porous cryogels are obtained via photopolymerization of a furan-protected maleimide-containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based methacrylate (PEGFuMaMA) monomer. A series of cryogels are prepared using varying amounts of the masked hydrophilic PEGFuMaMA monomer, along with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, a hydrophilic monomer and cross-linker, respectively, in the presence of a photoinitiator. Subsequent activation to the thiol-reactive form of the furan-protected maleimide groups is performed through the retro Diels-Alder reaction. As a demonstration of direct protein immobilization, bovine serum albumin is immobilized onto the cryogels. Furthermore, ligand-directed immobilization of proteins is achieved by first attaching mannose- or biotin-thiol onto the maleimide-containing platforms, followed by ligand-directed immobilization of concanavalin A or streptavidin, respectively. Additionally, we demonstrate that the extent of immobilized proteins can be controlled by varying the amount of thiol-reactive maleimide groups present in the cryogel matrix. Compared to traditional hydrogels, cryogels demonstrate enhanced protein immobilization/detection. Additionally, it is concluded that utilization of a longer linker, distancing the thiol-reactive maleimide group from the gel scaffold, considerably increases protein immobilization. It can be envisioned that the facile fabrication, conjugation, and control over the extent of functionalization of these cryogels will make these materials desirable scaffolds for numerous biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chambre
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Hamida Maouati
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey.,Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Oz
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey.,Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey.,Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
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20
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Monaco A, Beyer VP, Napier R, Becer CR. Multi-Arm Star-Shaped Glycopolymers with Precisely Controlled Core Size and Arm Length. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3736-3744. [PMID: 32786531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Star-shaped glycopolymers provide very high binding activities toward lectins. However, a straightforward synthesis method for the preparation of multi-arm glycopolymers in a one-pot approach has been challenging. Herein, we report a rapid synthesis of well-defined multi-arm glycopolymers via Cu(0)-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization in aqueous media. d-Mannose acrylamide has been homo- and copolymerized with NIPAM to provide linear arms and then core cross-linked with a bisacrylamide monomer. Thus, the arm length and core size of multi-arm glycopolymers were tuned. Moreover, the stability of multi-arm glycopolymers was investigated, and degradation reactions under acidic or basic conditions were observed. The binding activities of the obtained multi-arm glycopolymers with mannose-specific human lectins, DC-SIGN and MBL, were investigated via surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Finally, the encapsulation ability of multi-arm glycopolymers was examined using DHA and Saquinavir below and above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of P(NIPAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Monaco
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Valentin P Beyer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - C Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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21
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Abstract
Personalized cancer vaccines (PCVs) are reinvigorating vaccine strategies in cancer immunotherapy. In contrast to adoptive T-cell therapy and checkpoint blockade, the PCV strategy modulates the innate and adaptive immune systems with broader activation to redeploy antitumor immunity with individualized tumor-specific antigens (neoantigens). Following a sequential scheme of tumor biopsy, mutation analysis, and epitope prediction, the administration of neoantigens with synthetic long peptide (SLP) or mRNA formulations dramatically improves the population and activity of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Despite the promising prospect of PCVs, there is still great potential for optimizing prevaccination procedures and vaccine potency. In particular, the arduous development of tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-based vaccines provides valuable experience and rational principles for augmenting vaccine potency which is expected to advance PCV through the design of adjuvants, delivery systems, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) reversion since current personalized vaccination simply admixes antigens with adjuvants. Considering the broader application of TAA-based vaccine design, these two strategies complement each other and can lead to both personalized and universal therapeutic methods. Chemical strategies provide vast opportunities for (1) exploring novel adjuvants, including synthetic molecules and materials with optimizable activity, (2) constructing efficient and precise delivery systems to avoid systemic diffusion, improve biosafety, target secondary lymphoid organs, and enhance antigen presentation, and (3) combining bioengineering methods to innovate improvements in conventional vaccination, "smartly" re-educate the TME, and modulate antitumor immunity. As chemical strategies have proven versatility, reliability, and universality in the design of T cell- and B cell-based antitumor vaccines, the union of such numerous chemical methods in vaccine construction is expected to provide new vigor and vitality in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 100069 Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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22
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Trachsel L, Romio M, Grob B, Zenobi-Wong M, Spencer ND, Ramakrishna SN, Benetti EM. Functional Nanoassemblies of Cyclic Polymers Show Amplified Responsiveness and Enhanced Protein-Binding Ability. ACS NANO 2020; 14:10054-10067. [PMID: 32628438 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of cyclic polymer adsorbates are significantly influenced by the steric and conformational constraints introduced during their cyclization. These translate into a marked difference in interfacial properties between cyclic polymers and their linear counterparts when they are grafted onto surfaces yielding nanoassemblies or polymer brushes. This difference is particularly clear in the case of cyclic polymer brushes that are designed to chemically interact with the surrounding environment, for instance, by associating with biological components present in the medium, or, alternatively, through a response to a chemical stimulus by a significant change in their properties. The intrinsic architecture characterizing cyclic poly(2-oxazoline)-based polyacid brushes leads to a broad variation in swelling and nanomechanical properties in response to pH change, in comparison with their linear analogues of identical composition and molecular weight. In addition, cyclic glycopolymer brushes derived from polyacids reveal an enhanced exposure of galactose units at the surface, due to their expanded topology, and thus display an increased lectin-binding ability with respect to their linear counterparts. This combination of amplified responsiveness and augmented protein-binding capacity renders cyclic brushes invaluable building blocks for the design of "smart" materials and functional biointerfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucca Trachsel
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Romio
- Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Grob
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas D Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shivaprakash N Ramakrishna
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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23
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Romio M, Trachsel L, Morgese G, Ramakrishna SN, Spencer ND, Benetti EM. Topological Polymer Chemistry Enters Materials Science: Expanding the Applicability of Cyclic Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1024-1033. [PMID: 35648599 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-topology effects can alter technologically relevant properties when cyclic macromolecules are applied within diverse materials formulations. These include coatings, polymer networks, or nanostructures for delivering therapeutics. While substituting linear building blocks with cyclic analogues in commonly studied materials is itself of fundamental interest, an even more fascinating observation has been that the introduction of physical or chemical boundaries (e.g., a grafting surface or cross-links) can amplify the topology-related effects observed when employing cyclic polymer-based precursors for assembling multidimensional objects. Hence, the application of cyclic polymers has enabled the fabrication of coatings with enhanced biorepellency and superior lubricity, broadened the tuning potential for mechanical properties of polymer networks, increased the thermodynamic stability, and altered the capability of loading and releasing drugs within polymeric micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Romio
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucca Trachsel
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Morgese
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shivaprakash N. Ramakrishna
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas D. Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M. Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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24
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25
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Beyer VP, Monaco A, Napier R, Yilmaz G, Becer CR. Bottlebrush Glycopolymers from 2-Oxazolines and Acrylamides for Targeting Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-3-Grabbing Nonintegrin and Mannose-Binding Lectin. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2298-2308. [PMID: 32320219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are omnipresent carbohydrate binding proteins that are involved in a multitude of biological processes. Unearthing their binding properties is a powerful tool toward the understanding and modification of their functions in biological applications. Herein, we present the synthesis of glycopolymers with a brush architecture via a "grafting from" methodology. The use of a versatile 2-oxazoline inimer was demonstrated to open avenues for a wide range of 2-oxazoline/acrylamide bottle brush polymers utilizing aqueous Cu-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (Cu-RDRP). The polymers in the obtained library were assessed for their thermal properties in aqueous solution and their binding toward the C-type animal lectins dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) via surface plasmon resonance spectrometry. The encapsulation properties of a hydrophobic drug-mimicking compound demonstrated the potential use of glyco brush copolymers in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin P Beyer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Monaco
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - C Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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26
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Blakney AK, Abdouni Y, Yilmaz G, Liu R, McKay PF, Bouton CR, Shattock RJ, Becer CR. Mannosylated Poly(ethylene imine) Copolymers Enhance saRNA Uptake and Expression in Human Skin Explants. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2482-2492. [PMID: 32250603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a promising platform for both vaccines and therapeutics, and self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) is particularly advantageous, as it enables higher protein expression and dose minimization. Here, we present a delivery platform for targeted delivery of saRNA using mannosylated poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) enabled by the host-guest interaction between cyclodextrin and adamantane. We show that the host-guest complexation does not interfere with the electrostatic interaction with saRNA and observed that increasing the degree of mannosylation inhibited transfection efficiency in vitro, but enhanced the number of cells expressing GFP by 8-fold in human skin explants. Besides, increasing the ratio of glycopolymer to saRNA also enhanced the percentage of transfected cells ex vivo. We identified that these mannosylated PEIs specifically increased protein expression in the epithelial cells resident in human skin in a mannose-dependent manner. This platform is promising for further study of glycosylation of PEI and targeted saRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Blakney
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W21PG, United Kingdom
| | - Yamin Abdouni
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Renjie Liu
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Paul F McKay
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W21PG, United Kingdom
| | - Clément R Bouton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W21PG, United Kingdom
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W21PG, United Kingdom
| | - C Remzi Becer
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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27
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Yilmaz G, Becer CR. Glycopolymer Code: Programming Synthetic Macromolecules for Biological Targeting. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Yilmaz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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28
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Ma Z, Cunningham AJ, Zhu XX. Enzymatic Conversion of Galactose Polymers into Copolymers Containing Galactonic Acid by Glucose Oxidase. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2268-2275. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alexander J. Cunningham
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - X. X. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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29
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Kilic D, Pamukcu C, Balta DK, Temel BA, Temel G. Rapid synthesis of fluorescent single-chain nanoparticles via photoinduced step-growth polymerization of pendant carbazole units. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Blakney AK, Liu R, Yilmaz G, Abdouni Y, McKay PF, Bouton CR, Shattock RJ, Becer CR. Precisely targeted gene delivery in human skin using supramolecular cationic glycopolymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Gene delivery has become the focus of clinical treatments, thus motivating delivery strategies that are capable of targeting certain cell types in the context of both vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Blakney
- Department of Medicine
- Division of Infectious Diseases
- Section of Immunology of infection
- Imperial College London
- London W21PG
| | - Renjie Liu
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yamin Abdouni
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
| | - Paul F. McKay
- Department of Medicine
- Division of Infectious Diseases
- Section of Immunology of infection
- Imperial College London
- London W21PG
| | - Clément R. Bouton
- Department of Medicine
- Division of Infectious Diseases
- Section of Immunology of infection
- Imperial College London
- London W21PG
| | - Robin J. Shattock
- Department of Medicine
- Division of Infectious Diseases
- Section of Immunology of infection
- Imperial College London
- London W21PG
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- London
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
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31
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Hayes GC, Becer CR. Levulinic acid: a sustainable platform chemical for novel polymer architectures. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00705f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Levulinic acid is a multipurpose platform chemical that is currently used in a wide variety of applications.
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32
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Sugawara Y, Takei T, Ohashi H, Kuroki H, Miyanishi S, Yamaguchi T. Autonomous Shrinking/Swelling Phenomenon Driven By Macromolecular Interchain Cross-Linking via β-Cyclodextrin–Triazole Complexation. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Sugawara
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takei
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kuroki
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), R1-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shoji Miyanishi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takeo Yamaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), R1-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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33
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Shamout F, Monaco A, Yilmaz G, Becer CR, Hartmann L. Synthesis of Brush‐Like Glycopolymers with Monodisperse, Sequence‐Defined Side Chains and Their Interactions with Plant and Animal Lectins. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 41:e1900459. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Shamout
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich Heine University DuesseldorfUniversitätsstraße 1 Düsseldorf 40225 Germany
| | | | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham NG2 2RD UK
| | | | - Laura Hartmann
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich Heine University DuesseldorfUniversitätsstraße 1 Düsseldorf 40225 Germany
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34
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Liu L, Zhou F, Hu J, Cheng X, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Chen G, Zhou N, Zhu X. Topological Glycopolymers as Agglutinator and Inhibitor: Cyclic versus Linear. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900223. [PMID: 31241813 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play an important role in biological processes for their specific interactions with proteins. Cyclic glycopolymers are promising to mimic the topology of natural macrocycle-biomacromolecules due to their unique architecture of lacking chain ends. To systematically study the effect of glycopolymer architecture on the interactions with protein, the cyclic glycopolymers bearing galactose side-chain (cyclic PMAGn ) with three degrees of polymerization (n = 14, 24, 47) are prepared for the first time. The cyclic PMAGn exhibits unique properties in agglutinating and inhibiting proteins in subsequent studies by comparison with the linear precursor with the same molecular weights. More impressively, the cyclic PMAGn highlight the improved performance of cyclic architecture. For example, the cyclic PMAGn shows superior inhibition abilities to suppress amyloid formation from amyloid β protein fragment 1-42 aggregation and block the specific interaction between bacteria and galactose-modified surface compared to that of respective linear counterpart. This interesting finding suggests that the architecture of cyclic glycopolymers may be capable of optimizing the ability to bind or inhibit proteins in biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cheng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Nianchen Zhou
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Global Institute of Software Technology, No 5. Qingshan Road, Suzhou National Hi-Tech District, Suzhou, 215163, China
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35
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Redondo-Gómez C, Abdouni Y, Becer CR, Mata A. Self-Assembling Hydrogels Based on a Complementary Host–Guest Peptide Amphiphile Pair. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2276-2285. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C. Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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36
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Dashan I, Balta DK, Temel BA, Temel G. Preparation of Single Chain Nanoparticles via Photoinduced Double Collapse Process. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irem Dashan
- Chemistry DepartmentYildiz Technical University Istanbul 34220 Turkey
| | | | - Binnur Aydogan Temel
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyBezmialem Vakif University, Fatih Istanbul 34093 Turkey
| | - Gokhan Temel
- Department of Polymer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringYalova University Yalova 77200 Turkey
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37
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Dashan I, Balta DK, Temel BA, Temel G. Preparation of single chain nanoparticles via photoinduced radical coupling process. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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38
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Nagao M, Hoshino Y, Miura Y. Quantitative preparation of multiblock glycopolymers bearing glycounits at the terminal segments by aqueous reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of acrylamide monomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nagao
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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39
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Kröger AP, Komil MI, Hamelmann NM, Juan A, Stenzel MH, Paulusse JMJ. Glucose Single-Chain Polymer Nanoparticles for Cellular Targeting. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:95-101. [PMID: 30775156 PMCID: PMC6369679 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring glycoconjugates possess carbohydrate moieties that fulfill essential roles in many biological functions. Through conjugation of carbohydrates to therapeutics or imaging agents, naturally occurring glycoconjugates are mimicked and efficient targeting or increased cellular uptake of glycoconjugated macromolecules is achieved. In this work, linear and cyclic glucose moieties were functionalized with methacrylates via enzymatic synthesis and used as building blocks for intramolecular cross-linked single-chain glycopolymer nanoparticles (glyco-SCNPs). A set of water-soluble sub-10 nm-sized glyco-SCNPs was prepared by thiol-Michael addition cross-linking in water. Bioactivity of various glucose-conjugated glycopolymers and glyco-SCNPs was evaluated in binding studies with the glucose-specific lectin Concanavalin A and by comparing their cellular uptake efficiency in HeLa cells. Cytotoxicity studies did not reveal discernible cytotoxic effects, making these SCNPs promising candidates for ligand-based targeted imaging and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Pia
P. Kröger
- Department
of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Muhabbat I. Komil
- Department
of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi M. Hamelmann
- Department
of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Juan
- Department
of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department
of Molecular NanoFabrication, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jos M. J. Paulusse
- Department
of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen,
P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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40
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Fan L, Wang X, Cao Q, Yang Y, Wu D. POSS-based supramolecular amphiphilic zwitterionic complexes for drug delivery. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:1984-1994. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00125e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel POSS-based supramolecular amphiphilic zwitterionic polymer exhibited excellent stability in both extracellular and intracellular pH environments and well encapsulated the antitumor drug DOX, and has the potential to improve smart drug delivery and enhance antitumor efficacy for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Qingchen Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Yanyu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Decheng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
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41
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Wilkins L, Badi N, Du Prez F, Gibson MI. Double-Modified Glycopolymers from Thiolactones to Modulate Lectin Selectivity and Affinity. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1498-1502. [PMID: 30662815 PMCID: PMC6326524 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent glycomaterials show high affinity toward lectins but are often nonselective as they lack the precise 3-D presentation found in native glycans. Here, thiolactone chemistry is exploited to enable the synthesis of glycopolymers with both a primary binding (galactose) and a variable secondary binding unit in close proximity to each other on the linker. These polymers are used to target the Cholera toxin B subunit, CTxB, inspired by its native branched glycan target, GM-1. The secondary, nonbinding unit was shown to dramatically modulate affinity and selectivity toward the Cholera toxin. These increasingly complex glycopolymers, assembled using accessible chemistry, can help breach the synthetic/biological divide to obtain future glycomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura
E. Wilkins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer
Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC),
Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Filip Du Prez
- Polymer
Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC),
Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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42
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Lu M, Khine YY, Chen F, Cao C, Garvey CJ, Lu H, Stenzel MH. Sugar Concentration and Arrangement on the Surface of Glycopolymer Micelles Affect the Interaction with Cancer Cells. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:273-284. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Lu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yee Yee Khine
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Fan Chen
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cheng Cao
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
- Australia Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Garvey
- Australia Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Hongxu Lu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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43
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Gerke C, Siegfeld P, Schaper K, Hartmann L. Enabling Directional Sequence-Control via Step-Growth Polymerization of Heterofunctionalized Precision Macromonomers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800735. [PMID: 30466174 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of periodic copolymers with a regularly recurring sequence in one direction along the polymeric backbone is presented, applying a step-growth polymerization of heterofunctionalized precision macromonomers derived from solid phase synthesis (SPS) via photoinduced thiol-ene coupling (TEC). Heterofunctional macromonomers with monomer sequence-control of the AB type present a terminal alkene and a terminal thiol group carrying a photolabile protecting group to avoid uncontrolled polymerization by self-initiation. As protecting group, 3,4-methylenebisoxy-6-nitrobenzyl is attached onto the thiol via its bromide derivative directly on solid support. The protected heterofunctionalized macromonomer is polymerized in a two-step procedure, first cleaving the photolabile group and subsequent polymerization of the macromonomer via TEC, giving a high molecular weight polymer with M ¯ n of 23.8 kDa corresponding to a X ¯ n of 10 with one directional sequence-control due to their consistent head-to-tail linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gerke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätsstraße 1, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Siegfeld
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätsstraße 1, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Schaper
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätsstraße 1, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätsstraße 1, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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