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Kim D, Elf P, Nilsson F, Hedenqvist MS, Larsson A. In-Depth Understanding of the Effect of the Distribution of Substituents on the Morphology and Physical Properties of Ethylcellulose: Molecular Dynamics Simulations Insights. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4046-4062. [PMID: 38913613 PMCID: PMC11238332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Ethylcellulose (EC) is a crucial cellulose derivative with widespread applications, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, where precise property adjustments through chemical modification are imperative. The degree of substitution (DS) and the localization of substituents along the cellulose chains are pivotal factors in this process. However, the impact of the substituent location within the repeating unit of EC remains unexplored. To address this gap, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations on amorphous EC, comparing randomly and uniformly substituted ethyl groups in the repeating units. This comprehensive study of pairwise interactions revealed significant differences in intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen-bonding capabilities, depending on whether the hydroxyl groups were substituted at C2, C3, or C6. While our simulations demonstrated that substituent localization in the repeating unit influenced the density, number of hydrogen bonds, and conformations, the DS emerged as the dominant determinant. This insight led us to propose and validate a hypothesis: a straightforward linear function using the properties of uniform models and molar fractions can predict the properties of randomly substituted EC with a given DS. This innovative approach is anticipated to contribute to the selection of cellulose derivatives with desirable properties for the pharmaceutical industry and new applications in other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Kim
- Applied
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- FibRe
Centre for Lignocellulose-based Thermoplastics, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University
of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Chalmers University
of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patric Elf
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in
Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- FibRe
Vinnova competence center, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fritjof Nilsson
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in
Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- FibRe
Vinnova competence center, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- FSCN
research centre, Mid Sweden University, 85170 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Mikael S. Hedenqvist
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in
Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- FibRe
Vinnova competence center, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anette Larsson
- Applied
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- FibRe
Centre for Lignocellulose-based Thermoplastics, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University
of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Chalmers University
of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Attia L, Nguyen D, Gokhale D, Zheng T, Doyle PS. Surfactant-Polymer Complexation and Competition on Drug Nanocrystal Surfaces Control Crystallinity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:34409-34418. [PMID: 38889207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Nanosizing drug crystals has emerged as a successful approach to enabling oral bioavailability, as increasing drug crystal surface area improves dissolution kinetics and effective solubility. Recently, bottom-up methods have been developed to directly assemble nanosized crystals by leveraging polymer and surfactant excipients during crystallization to control crystal size, morphology, and structure. However, while significant research has investigated how polymers and other single additives inhibit or promote crystallization in pharmaceutical systems, there is little work studying the mechanistic interactions of multiple excipients on drug crystal structure and the extent of crystallinity, which can influence formulation performance. This study explores how the structure and crystallinity of a model hydrophobic drug crystal, fenofibrate, change as a result of competitive interfacial chemisorption between common nonionic surfactants (polysorbate 80 and sorbitan monooleate) and a surface-active polymer excipient (methylcellulose). Classical molecular dynamics simulations highlight how key intermolecular interactions, including surfactant-polymer complexation and surfactant screening of the crystal surface, modify the resulting crystal structure. In parallel, experiments generating drug nanocrystals in hydrogel thin films validate that drug crystallinity increases with an increasing weight fraction of surfactant. Simulation results reveal a connection between accelerated dynamics in the bulk crystal and the experimentally measured extent of crystallinity. To our knowledge, these are the first simulations that directly characterize structural changes in a drug crystal as a result of excipient surface composition and relate the experimental extent of crystallinity to structural changes in the molecular crystal. Our approach provides a mechanistic understanding of crystallinity in nanocrystallization, which can expand the range of orally deliverable small molecule therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Attia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dien Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Devashish Gokhale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Talia Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patrick S Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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3
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Novo DC, Edgar KJ. Smart fluorescent polysaccharides: Recent developments and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121471. [PMID: 37985079 PMCID: PMC10661488 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are ubiquitous, generally benign in nature, and compatible with many tissues in biomedical situations, making them appealing candidates for new materials such as therapeutic agents and sensors. Fluorescent labeling can create the ability to sensitively monitor distribution and transport of polysaccharide-based materials, which can for example further illuminate drug-delivery mechanisms and therefore improve design of delivery systems. Herein, we review fluorophore selection and ways of appending polysaccharides, utility of the product fluorescent polysaccharides as new smart materials, and their stimulus-responsive nature, with focus on their biomedical applications as environment-sensitive biosensors, imaging, and as molecular rulers. Further, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, and future prospects for creation and use of these self-reporting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Novo
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; GlycoMIP, National Science Foundation Materials Innovation Platform, United States.
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4
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Tian B, Li L, Kang K, Peng D, Shi Y, Wang P. Crystallization inhibitory effects of konjac glucomannan, sodium alginate and xanthan gum on curcumin in supersaturated solution. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125489. [PMID: 37348583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Supersaturating drug delivery system (SDDS) is a promising approach to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic functional components. However, SDDS is thermodynamically unstable and crystallization tends to occur. In this work, curcumin was used as a model compound, and the crystallization inhibitory effect of konjac glucomannan (KGM), sodium alginate (SA) and xanthan gum (XTG) on curcumin in supersaturated solution was investigated. Amorphous solubility of curcumin was determined using ultraviolet extinction, fluorescence spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering methods. Nucleation induction time (NIT) and crystal growth rate of curcumin were evaluated using ultraviolet probe in the absence and presence of various natural polysaccharides (NPs). Results showed that amorphous solubility of curcumin was approximately 30 μg/mL in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. NPs used in this work restrained nucleation or crystal growth of curcumin effectively. The NITs of curcumin in the absence of NPs and in the presence of XTG, KGM and SA (1 μg/mL) were 3.7, 60.7, 20.0 and 8.0 min, respectively. The crystal growth rate of curcumin in the absence of NPs and in the presence of XTG, SA and KGM (1 μg/mL) were 0.0103, 0.00752, 0.00286 and 0.000306 min-1, respectively. The nucleation inhibitory effect of NPs on curcumin was ranked as XTG > KGM > SA. The order of crystal growth inhibition capacity of NPs was KGM > SA > XTG. In conclusion, NPs could be incorporated into SDDS to maintain supersaturation of hydrophobic components for enhanced bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lintao Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Kairui Kang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Donglei Peng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiheng Shi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Puxiu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Nilsson R, Özeren HD, Putra OD, Hedenqvist M, Larsson A. Experimental and simulated distribution and interaction of water in cellulose esters with alkyl chain substitutions. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 306:120616. [PMID: 36746573 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the average length of substituted side chains in different cellulose esters on water sorption and the water association mechanism. For this purpose, a set of esters with a similar total degree of substitution was selected: cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, and cellulose acetate butyrate. Dynamic vapor sorption was used to determine the effect of the side chain length on sorption, desorption, and the occurrence of water clustering. Since water association in the structure was of interest, molecular dynamics simulations were performed on cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate propionate. This study showed that cellulose acetate appears to be water-sensitive and experiences hysteresis upon water sorption, which was attributed to structural changes. The simulations also showed that water is screened out by the side chains and forms intermolecular hydrogen bonds, primarily to the carbonyl oxygen rather than the residual hydroxyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Nilsson
- Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; FibRe Centre for Lignocellulose-based Thermoplastics, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Hüsamettin Deniz Özeren
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, AlbaNova University Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Okky Dwichandra Putra
- Early Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal SE-431 83, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Hedenqvist
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, AlbaNova University Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; FibRe Vinnova competence center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anette Larsson
- Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; FibRe Centre for Lignocellulose-based Thermoplastics, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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6
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Supersaturation and phase behavior during dissolution of amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122524. [PMID: 36549404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a promising strategy to enhance solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Due to higher free energy of ASD, supersaturated drug solution could be generated during dissolution. When amorphous solubility of a drug is exceeded, drug-rich nanodroplets could form and act as a reservoir to maintain the maximum free drug concentration in solution, facilitating the absorption of the drug in vivo. Dissolution behavior of ASD has received increasing interests. This review will focus on the recent advances in ASD dissolution, including the generation and maintenance of supersaturated drug solution in absence or presence of liquid-liquid phase separation. Mechanism of drug release from ASD including polymer-controlled dissolution and drug-controlled dissolution will be introduced. Formation of amorphous drug-rich nanodroplets during dissolution and the underlying mechanism will be discussed. Phase separation morphology of hydrated ASD plays a critical role in dissolution behavior of ASD, which will be highlighted. Supersaturated drug solution shows poor physical stability and tends to crystallize. The effect of polymer and surfactant on supersaturated drug solution will be demonstrated and some unexpected results will be shown. Physicochemical properties of drug and polymer could impact ASD dissolution and some of them even show opposite effect on dissolution and physical stability of ASD in solid state, respectively. This review will contribute to a better understanding of ASD dissolution and facilitate a rational design of ASD formulation.
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7
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Designing synergistic crystallization inhibitors: Bile salt derivatives of cellulose with enhanced hydrophilicity. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 292:119680. [PMID: 35725174 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization inhibitors in amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) enable metastable supersaturated drug solutions that persist for a physiologically relevant time. Olefin cross-metathesis (CM) has successfully provided multifunctional cellulose-based derivatives as candidate ASD matrix polymers. In proof of concept studies, we prepared hydrophobic bile salt/cellulose adducts by CM with naturally occurring bile salts. We hypothesized that increased hydrophilicity would enhance the ability of these conjugates to maximize bioactive supersaturation. Their selective preparation presents a significant synthetic challenge, given polysaccharide reactivity and polysaccharide and bile salt complexity. We prepared such derivatives using a more hydrophilic hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) backbone, employing a pent-4-enyl tether (Pen) for appending bile acids. We probed structure-property relationships by varying the nature and degree of substitution of the bile acid substituent (lithocholic or deoxycholic acid). These conjugates are indeed synergistic inhibitors, as demonstrated with the fast-crystallizing prostate cancer drug, enzalutamide. The lithocholic acid methyl ester derivative, AcrMLC-PenHHPCPen (0.64), increased induction time 68 fold vs. drug alone.
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8
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Sharma A, Arora K, Mohapatra H, Sindhu RK, Bulzan M, Cavalu S, Paneshar G, Elansary HO, El-Sabrout AM, Mahmoud EA, Alaklabi A. Supersaturation-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Strategy for Bioavailability Enhancement of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092969. [PMID: 35566319 PMCID: PMC9101434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
At present, the majority of APIs synthesized today remain challenging tasks for formulation development. Many technologies are being utilized or explored for enhancing solubility, such as chemical modification, novel drug delivery systems (microemulsions, nanoparticles, liposomes, etc.), salt formation, and many more. One promising avenue attaining attention presently is supersaturated drug delivery systems. When exposed to gastrointestinal fluids, drug concentration exceeds equilibrium solubility and a supersaturation state is maintained long enough to be absorbed, enhancing bioavailability. In this review, the latest developments in supersaturated drug delivery systems are addressed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (K.A.); (H.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Kanika Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (K.A.); (H.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Harapriya Mohapatra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (K.A.); (H.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Rakesh K. Sindhu
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (K.A.); (H.M.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.K.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Madalin Bulzan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
- Correspondence: (R.K.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Gulsheen Paneshar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (K.A.); (H.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt;
| | - Abdullah Alaklabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
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9
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Faiz Afzal MA, Lehmkemper K, Sobich E, Hughes TF, Giesen DJ, Zhang T, Krauter CM, Winget P, Degenhardt M, Kyeremateng SO, Browning AR, Shelley JC. Molecular-Level Examination of Amorphous Solid Dispersion Dissolution. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3999-4014. [PMID: 34570503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are commonly used to orally deliver small-molecule drugs that are poorly water-soluble. ASDs consist of drug molecules in the amorphous form which are dispersed in a hydrophilic polymer matrix. Producing a high-performance ASD is critical for effective drug delivery and depends on many factors such as solubility of the drug in the matrix and the rate of drug release in aqueous medium (dissolution), which is linked to bioperformance. Often, researchers perform a large number of design iterations to achieve this objective. A detailed molecular-level understanding of the mechanisms behind ASD dissolution behavior would aid in the screening, designing, and optimization of ASD formulations and would minimize the need for testing a wide variety of prototype formulations. Molecular dynamics and related types of simulations, which model the collective behavior of molecules in condensed phase systems, can provide unique insights into these mechanisms. To study the effectiveness of these simulation techniques in ASD formulation dissolution, we carried out dissipative particle dynamics simulations, which are particularly an efficient form of molecular dynamics calculations. We studied two stages of the dissolution process: the early-stage of the dissolution process, which focuses on the dissolution at the ASD/water interface, and the late-stage of the dissolution process, where significant drug release would have occurred and there would be a mixture of drug and polymer molecules in a predominantly aqueous environment. Experimentally, we used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to study the interactions between drugs, polymers, and water in the dry and wet states and the chromatographic technique to study the rate of drug and polymer release. Both experiments and simulations provided evidence of polymer microstructures and drug-polymer interactions as important factors for the dissolution behavior of the investigated ASDs, consistent with previous work by Pudlas et al. (Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2015, 67, 21-31). As experimental and simulation results are consistent and complementary, it is clear that there is significant potential for combined experimental and computational research for a detailed understanding of ASD formulations and, hence, formulation optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Atif Faiz Afzal
- Materials Science, Schrödinger, LLC, Suite 1300, 101 SW Main Street, Portland, Oregon 97204, United States
| | - Kristin Lehmkemper
- Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Sobich
- Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Thomas F Hughes
- Materials Science, Schrödinger, LLC, 120 West 45th St. 17th Floor, New York, New York 10036-4041, United States
| | - David J Giesen
- Materials Science, Schrödinger, LLC, 120 West 45th St. 17th Floor, New York, New York 10036-4041, United States
| | - Teng Zhang
- Materials Science, Schrödinger, LLC, 120 West 45th St. 17th Floor, New York, New York 10036-4041, United States
| | | | - Paul Winget
- Materials Science, Schrödinger, LLC, 120 West 45th St. 17th Floor, New York, New York 10036-4041, United States
| | - Matthias Degenhardt
- Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Samuel O Kyeremateng
- Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Andrea R Browning
- Materials Science, Schrödinger, LLC, Suite 1300, 101 SW Main Street, Portland, Oregon 97204, United States
| | - John C Shelley
- Materials Science, Schrödinger, LLC, Suite 1300, 101 SW Main Street, Portland, Oregon 97204, United States
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10
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Smirnov MA, Tolmachev DA, Glova AD, Sokolova MP, Geydt PV, Lukasheva NV, Lyulin SV. Combined Use of Atomic Force Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics in the Study of Biopolymer Systems. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238221020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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11
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Maghsoodi M, Nokhodchi A, Pourasghari Azar H. The effect of some acrylic polymers on dissolution of celecoxib solid dispersion formulations. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 26:788-796. [PMID: 34159879 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.1946080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was firstly to identify the effectiveness of Eudragit® polymers (Eudragit® RL, RS, L100-55, L100, S100 and E100) in inhibition of celecoxib precipitation from buffer solutions (pH = 6.8). Furthermore, the influence of Eudragit® polymers on non-sink dissolution behavior of celecoxib from solid dispersions was investigated. METHODS Solid dispersions were prepared by the rotary evaporation method. In vitro dissolution studies, FT-IR and differential scanning calorimetry were employed to characterize the formulations. RESULTS The results revealed that Eudragit® E100, L100 and S100 inhibited precipitation of celecoxib efficiently. It is understood that crystallization during the dissolution of solid dispersions could happen through crystallization from solid matrix following contact with the dissolution medium or from the supersaturated solution produced following dissolution. The supersaturated drug concentrations attained from the dissolution of Eudragit®-celecoxib solid dispersions were almost similar, suggesting that crystallization from solid matrix did not occur readily. However, only solid dispersions containing efficient crystallization inhibitor polymers were able to maintain the supersaturated solution up to the end of the dissolution run. CONCLUSION Results revealed that the principal mechanism of attaining supersaturated solution of celecoxib from solid dispersions was related to crystallization inhibition from solution not from solid matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Maghsoodi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Hadi Pourasghari Azar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Mosquera-Giraldo LI, Donoso M, Stefanski K, Foster K, Gesenberg C, Abraham P, Ren Y, Rose A, Freeden C, Ranasinghe A. Solvent-Casted Films to Assist Polymer Selection for Amorphous Solid Dispersions During Preclinical Studies: In-vitro and In-vivo Exploration. Pharm Res 2021; 38:901-914. [PMID: 33880721 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03040-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of two solvent-casted film methods to select optimal polymer compositions for amorphous solid dispersions prepared to support preclinical pharmacokinetic and toxicology studies is described. METHODS Evaporation of solvent from cover slips by using nitrogen flow, and solvent removal from vials by using rotary evaporation were employed. The films prepared on cover slips were evaluated under the microscope to determine crystallinity. The methods were validated by scaling up corresponding SDDs, evaluating SDD's dissolution, and comparing those results to the dissolution of drug-polymer films. Subsequently, SDD suspensions were prepared and dosed orally to rats to determine pharmacokinetic parameters. This was done by using three compounds from our pipeline and evaluating multiple polymers. RESULTS The dissolution of generated films showed good agreement with the dissolution of spray dried dispersions when the films were fully amorphous (Compound A and B). In contrast, there was disagreement between film and SDD dissolution when the films had crystallized (Compound C). The in vivo exposure results indicated that the polymer choice based on the film screening methods would have been accurate for drug-polymer films that were amorphous (Compound A and B). Two additional case studies (Compound D and E) are presented, showing good agreement between in vivo and in vitro results. CONCLUSION This study established the ability of two film casting screening methods to predict the in vitro and in vivo performance of corresponding SDDs, provided that the films are fully amorphous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Mosquera-Giraldo
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA.
| | - Maria Donoso
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Kevin Stefanski
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Kimberly Foster
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Christoph Gesenberg
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Pamela Abraham
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Ying Ren
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Anne Rose
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Chris Freeden
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Asoka Ranasinghe
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
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13
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Wilson VR, Mugheirbi NA, Mosquera-Giraldo LI, Deac A, Moseson DE, Smith DT, Novo DC, Borca CH, Slipchenko LV, Edgar KJ, Taylor LS. Interaction of Polymers with Enzalutamide Nanodroplets-Impact on Droplet Properties and Induction Times. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:836-849. [PMID: 33539105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), which consist of a drug dispersed in a polymeric matrix, are increasingly being applied to improve the in vivo performance of poorly water-soluble drugs delivered orally. The polymer is a critical component, playing several roles including facilitating drug release from the ASD, as well as delaying crystallization from the supersaturated solution generated upon dissolution. Certain ASD formulations dissolve to produce amorphous drug-rich nanodroplets. The interaction of the polymer with these nanodroplets is poorly understood but is thought to be important for inhibiting crystallization in these systems. In this study, the impact of ionic polymers on the crystallization kinetics of enzalutamide from supersaturated solutions containing different amounts of amorphous nanodroplets was evaluated by determination of nucleation induction times. The amount of the polymer associated with the drug nanodroplets was also determined. When comparing two polymers, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and Eudragit E PO, it was found that the crystallization tendency and physical properties of the drug nanodroplets varied in the presence of these two polymers. Both polymers distributed between the aqueous phase and the drug-rich nanodroplets. A greater amount of Eudragit E PO was associated with the drug-rich nanodroplets. Despite this, Eudragit E PO was a less-effective crystallization inhibitor than HPMCAS in systems containing nanodroplets. In conclusion, in supersaturated solutions containing amorphous nanodroplets, the extent of association of a polymer with the drug nanodroplet does not solely predict crystallization inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venecia R Wilson
- Department of Industrial & Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Naila A Mugheirbi
- Department of Industrial & Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Laura I Mosquera-Giraldo
- Department of Industrial & Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alexandru Deac
- Department of Industrial & Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dana E Moseson
- Department of Industrial & Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Daniel T Smith
- Department of Industrial & Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Diana C Novo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Virginia Tech, 1040 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Carlos H Borca
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Princeton University, 41 Olden Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lyudmila V Slipchenko
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Virginia Tech, 1040 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial & Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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14
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Wilson VR, Lou X, Osterling DJ, Stolarik DF, Jenkins GJ, Nichols BLB, Dong Y, Edgar KJ, Zhang GGZ, Taylor LS. Amorphous solid dispersions of enzalutamide and novel polysaccharide derivatives: investigation of relationships between polymer structure and performance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18535. [PMID: 33116200 PMCID: PMC7595150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a widely employed formulation technique for drugs with poor aqueous solubility. Polymers are integral components of ASDs, but mechanisms by which polymers lead to the generation and maintenance of supersaturated solutions, which enhance oral absorption in vivo, are poorly understood. Herein, a diverse group of newly synthesized cellulose derivatives was evaluated for their ability to inhibit crystallization of enzalutamide, a poorly soluble compound used to treat prostate cancer. ASDs were prepared from selected polymers, specifically a somewhat hydrophobic polymer that was extremely effective at inhibiting drug crystallization, and a less effective, but more hydrophilic, crystallization inhibitor, that might afford better release. Drug membrane transport rate was evaluated in vitro and compared to in vivo performance, following oral dosing in rats. Good correlation was noted between the in vitro diffusion cell studies and the in vivo data. The ASD formulated with the less effective crystallization inhibitor outperformed the ASD prepared with the highly effective crystallization inhibitor in terms of the amount and rate of drug absorbed in vivo. This study provides valuable insight into key factors impacting oral absorption from enabling ASD formulations, and how best to evaluate such formulations using in vitro approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venecia R Wilson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xiaochun Lou
- Drug Product Development, Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 N. Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Donald J Osterling
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 N. Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - DeAnne F Stolarik
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 N. Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Gary J Jenkins
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 N. Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Brittany L B Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Virginia Tech, 240 Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Yifan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Virginia Tech, 240 Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, 230A Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Geoff G Z Zhang
- Drug Product Development, Research & Development, AbbVie, 1 N. Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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15
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Schittny A, Huwyler J, Puchkov M. Mechanisms of increased bioavailability through amorphous solid dispersions: a review. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:110-127. [PMID: 31885288 PMCID: PMC6968646 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1704940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) can increase the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. However, their use in drug development is comparably rare due to a lack of basic understanding of mechanisms governing drug liberation and absorption in vivo. Furthermore, the lack of a unified nomenclature hampers the interpretation and classification of research data. In this review, we therefore summarize and conceptualize mechanisms covering the dissolution of ASDs, formation of supersaturated ASD solutions, factors responsible for solution stabilization, drug uptake from ASD solutions, and drug distribution within these complex systems as well as effects of excipients. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of these findings on the development of ASDs. This improved overall understanding of these mechanisms will facilitate a rational ASD formulation development and will serve as a basis for further mechanistic research on drug delivery by ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schittny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maxim Puchkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Ueda K, Taylor LS. Polymer Type Impacts Amorphous Solubility and Drug-Rich Phase Colloidal Stability: A Mechanistic Study Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1352-1362. [PMID: 32097023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The polymer used in an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulation plays a critical role in dosage form performance. Herein, drug-polymer interactions in aqueous solution were evaluated in order to better understand the dispersion stability of the colloidal drug-rich phase generated when the amorphous solubility is exceeded. The amorphous solubility (Sa,IBP) of ibuprofen (IBP) decreased when hypromellose (HPMC) or polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP-VA) were present in solution. Solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed that a large amount of HPMC and PVP-VA distributed into the IBP-rich phase. The mixing of HPMC and PVP-VA with the IBP-rich phase led to the decreased Sa,IBP. In contrast, the charged amino methacrylate copolymer (Eudragit E PO, EUD-E) showed minimal mixing with the IBP-rich phase; however, this polymer did lead to solubilization of IBP in the bulk aqueous phase. Although the IBP-rich phase generated by dissolving IBP at concentrations above Sa,IBP rapidly coarsened followed by creaming in the absence of polymer, all of the polymers stabilized the IBP dispersion to some extent. The droplet size of the IBP-rich phase immediately after formation was around 300 nm in HPMC and PVP-VA solutions, and around 800 nm in the EUD-E solution. The mixing of the former two polymers with the drug-rich phase is thought to account for the smaller droplet size. Despite a smaller initial size, the dispersion stability of the IBP-rich droplets was relatively poor in the presence of PVP-VA. In contrast, the coalescence of the IBP-rich droplets was effectively suppressed by the steric repulsion and electrostatic repulsion derived from adsorbed HPMC and EUD-E, respectively. The present study highlights the complex effects of a polymer on the drug amorphous solubility and colloidal stability, which should be considered when optimizing ASD formulations with the goal of maximizing drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.,Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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17
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Carboxymethyl cellulose is a superior polyanion to dextran sulfate in stabilizing and enhancing the solubility of amorphous drug-polyelectrolyte nanoparticle complex. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:500-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Ricarte RG, Van Zee NJ, Li Z, Johnson LM, Lodge TP, Hillmyer MA. Recent Advances in Understanding the Micro- and Nanoscale Phenomena of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4089-4103. [PMID: 31487183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many pharmaceutical drugs in the marketplace and discovery pipeline suffer from poor aqueous solubility, thereby limiting their effectiveness for oral delivery. The use of an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD), a mixture of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a polymer excipient, greatly enhances the aqueous dissolution performance of a drug without the need for chemical modification. Although this method is versatile and scalable, deficient understanding of the interactions between drugs and polymers inhibits ASD rational design. This current Review details recent progress in understanding the mechanisms that control ASD performance. In the solid-state, the use of high-resolution theoretical, computational, and experimental tools resolved the influence of drug/polymer phase behavior and dynamics on stability during storage. During dissolution in aqueous media, novel characterization methods revealed that ASDs can form complex nanostructures, which maintain and improve supersaturation of the drug. The studies discussed here illustrate that nanoscale phenomena, which have been directly observed and quantified, strongly affect the stability and bioavailability of ASD systems, and provide a promising direction for optimizing drug/polymer formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralm G Ricarte
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials Laboratory, CNRS, ESPCI-Paris , PSL Research University , 10 Rue Vauquelin , 75005 Paris , France
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19
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Frank DS, Zhu Q, Matzger AJ. Inhibiting or Accelerating Crystallization of Pharmaceuticals by Manipulating Polymer Solubility. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3720-3725. [PMID: 31268333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polymers play a central role in controlling the crystallization of pharmaceuticals with effects as divergent as amorphous form stabilization and the acceleration of crystallization. Here, using pyrazinamide and hydrochlorothiazide as model pharmaceuticals, it is demonstrated that the same functional group interactions are responsible for these opposing behaviors and that whether a polymer speeds or slows a crystallization can be controlled by polymer solubility. This concept is applied for the discovery of polymers to maintain drug supersaturation in solution: the strength of functional group interactions between drug and polymer is assessed through polymer-induced heteronucleation, and soluble polymers containing the strongest-interacting functional groups with drug are shown to succeed as precipitation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qingyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
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20
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Katiyar RS, Jha PK. Mimicking the Dissolution Mechanisms of pH‐Responsive Drug Release Formulations in Atomistic MD Simulations. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ratna S. Katiyar
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Roorkee Uttarakhand 247667 India
| | - Prateek K. Jha
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Roorkee Uttarakhand 247667 India
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