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Hou DF, Li PY, Zhang K, Li ML, Feng ZW, Yan C, Liu C, Yang MB. Insight into the Feasibility of Fatty Acyl Chlorides with 10-18 Carbons for the Ball-Milling Synthesis of Thermoplastic Cellulose Esters. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1923-1932. [PMID: 38394470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid cellulose esters (FACE) are common cellulose-based thermoplastics, and their thermoplasticity is determined by both the contents and the lengths of the side chains. Herein, various FACE were synthesized by the ball-milling esterification of cellulose and fatty acyl chlorides containing 10-18 carbons, and their structures and thermoplasticity were thoroughly studied. The results showed that FACE with high degrees of substitution (DS) and low melting flow temperatures (Tf) were achieved as the chain lengths of the fatty acyl chlorides were reduced. In particular, a cellulose decanoate with a DS of 1.85 and a Tf of 186 °C was achieved by feeding 3 mol of decanoyl chloride per mole anhydroglucose units of cellulose. However, cellulose stearate (DS = 1.53) synthesized by the same protocols cannot melt even at 250 °C. More interestingly, the fatty acyl chlorides with 10 and 12 carbons resulted in FACE with superior toughness (elongation at break up to 94.4%). In contrast, due to their potential crystallization of the fatty acyl groups with 14-18 carbons, the corresponding FACE showed higher tensile strength and Young's modulus than the others. This study provides some theoretical basis for the mechanochemical synthesis of thermoplastic FACE with designated properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Fa Hou
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resource, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Yao Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Lei Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Wei Feng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Cong Yan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Can Liu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resource, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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Wu C, Li J, Zhang YQ, Li X, Wang SY, Li DQ. Cellulose Dissolution, Modification, and the Derived Hydrogel: A Review. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300518. [PMID: 37501498 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The cellulose-based hydrogel has occupied a pivotal position in almost all walks of life. However, the native cellulose can not be directly used for preparing hydrogel due to the complex non-covalent interactions. Some literature has discussed the dissolution and modification of cellulose but has yet to address the influence of the pretreatment on the as-prepared hydrogels. Firstly, the "touching" of cellulose by derived and non-derived solvents was introduced, namely, the dissolution of cellulose. Secondly, the "conversion" of functional groups on the cellulose surface by special routes, which is the modification of cellulose. The above-mentioned two parts were intended to explain the changes in physicochemical properties of cellulose by these routes and their influences on the subsequent hydrogel preparation. Finally, the "reinforcement" of cellulose-based hydrogels by physical and chemical techniques was summarized, viz., improving the mechanical properties of cellulose-based hydrogels and the changes in the multi-level structure of the interior of cellulose-based hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi, 830052, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi, 830052, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi, 830052, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ya Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Qiang Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi, 830052, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
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Fliri L, Heise K, Koso T, Todorov AR, Del Cerro DR, Hietala S, Fiskari J, Kilpeläinen I, Hummel M, King AWT. Solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of crystalline cellulosic materials using a direct dissolution ionic liquid electrolyte. Nat Protoc 2023:10.1038/s41596-023-00832-9. [PMID: 37237027 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its high sustainable production capacity, cellulose represents a valuable feedstock for the development of more sustainable alternatives to currently used fossil fuel-based materials. Chemical analysis of cellulose remains challenging, and analytical techniques have not advanced as fast as the development of the proposed materials science applications. Crystalline cellulosic materials are insoluble in most solvents, which restricts direct analytical techniques to lower-resolution solid-state spectroscopy, destructive indirect procedures or to 'old-school' derivatization protocols. While investigating their use for biomass valorization, tetralkylphosphonium ionic liquids (ILs) exhibited advantageous properties for direct solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of crystalline cellulose. After screening and optimization, the IL tetra-n-butylphosphonium acetate [P4444][OAc], diluted with dimethyl sulfoxide-d6, was found to be the most promising partly deuterated solvent system for high-resolution solution-state NMR. The solvent system has been used for the measurement of both 1D and 2D experiments for a wide substrate scope, with excellent spectral quality and signal-to-noise, all with modest collection times. The procedure initially describes the scalable syntheses of an IL, in 24-72 h, of sufficient purity, yielding a stock electrolyte solution. The dissolution of cellulosic materials and preparation of NMR samples is presented, with pretreatment, concentration and dissolution time recommendations for different sample types. Also included is a set of recommended 1D and 2D NMR experiments with parameters optimized for an in-depth structural characterization of cellulosic materials. The time required for full characterization varies between a few hours and several days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Fliri
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Katja Heise
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tetyana Koso
- Materials Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksandar R Todorov
- Materials Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel Rico Del Cerro
- Materials Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Materials Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Fiskari
- Fibre Science and Communication Network (FSCN), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Ilkka Kilpeläinen
- Materials Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Hummel
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Alistair W T King
- Materials Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland.
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Wang YR, Yin CC, Zhang JM, Wu J, Yu J, Zhang J. Functional Cellulose Materials Fabricated by Using Ionic Liquids as the Solvent. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Shao H, Zhang Y, Pan H, Jiang Y, Qi J, Xiao H, Zhang S, Lin T, Tu L, Xie J. Preparation of flexible and UV-blocking films from lignin-containing cellulose incorporated with tea polyphenol/citric acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:917-926. [PMID: 35364193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lignin-containing bamboo cellulose, fractionated from a pilot-scale microwave liquefaction of bamboo was dissolved in tetrabutylammonium acetate/dimethyl sulfoxide (TBAA/DMSO) for the fabrication of highly flexible, transparent and UV-blocking films. Tea polyphenol (TP) or citric acid (CA) was added during the dissolving process in order to modify the film's properties. The results showed that the addition of TP obviously improved the elongation at break (triple that of the control) and UV-blocking ability of the films. Both the addition of TP and CA could increase the water contact angle of the films. The films incorporated with TP and CA were much more thermal stable than previously reported similar films. The proposed film fabrication mechanism revealed that stable hydrogen bonds formed between the lignin-cellulose matrix and TP/CA, resulting in the enhancement on the properties of the films. This present study showed that lignin-containing cellulose with the incorporation of TP/CA had great potential in the preparation of films in place of plastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Shao
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yongjian Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Hui Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yongze Jiang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jinqiu Qi
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Tiantian Lin
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lihua Tu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jiulong Xie
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Kaschuk JJ, Al Haj Y, Rojas OJ, Miettunen K, Abitbol T, Vapaavuori J. Plant-Based Structures as an Opportunity to Engineer Optical Functions in Next-Generation Light Management. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104473. [PMID: 34699648 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the reconstruction of structural plant components (cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses) into materials displaying advanced optical properties. The strategies to isolate the main building blocks are discussed, and the effects of fibrillation, fibril alignment, densification, self-assembly, surface-patterning, and compositing are presented considering their role in engineering optical performance. Then, key elements that enable lignocellulosic to be translated into materials that present optical functionality, such as transparency, haze, reflectance, UV-blocking, luminescence, and structural colors, are described. Mapping the optical landscape that is accessible from lignocellulosics is shown as an essential step toward their utilization in smart devices. Advanced materials built from sustainable resources, including those obtained from industrial or agricultural side streams, demonstrate enormous promise in optoelectronics due to their potentially lower cost, while meeting or even exceeding current demands in performance. The requirements are summarized for the production and application of plant-based optically functional materials in different smart material applications and the review is concluded with a perspective about this active field of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice Jaqueline Kaschuk
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, 00076, Finland
| | - Yazan Al Haj
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, 00076, Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kati Miettunen
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Tiffany Abitbol
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Stockholm, SE-114 28, Sweden
| | - Jaana Vapaavuori
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
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Ge W, Shuai J, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Wang X. Progress on chemical modification of cellulose in “green” solvents. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00879j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of cellulose in "green" solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianbo Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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LakshmiBalasubramaniam S, Howell C, Tajvidi M, Skonberg D. Characterization of novel cellulose nanofibril and phenolic acid-based active and hydrophobic packaging films. Food Chem 2021; 374:131773. [PMID: 34915376 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) is a natural biodegradable biopolymer with excellent mechanical and barrier properties. However, it is susceptible to moisture-induced deterioration of its properties. Attachment of phenolic acids can improve its hydrophobicity and provide additional active functionalities such as antioxidant properties. In this study, CNF films were esterified to vanillic and syringic acid through two different reaction mechanisms. The films were investigated for evidence of modification, hydrophobicity, mechanical properties, crystallinity, thermal stability, and antioxidant properties. Results indicate that esterification with vanillic and syringic acids imparted antioxidant activity to CNF films, with a significantly higher ABTS+· scavenging activity (76 ± 18%) when compared to control CNF films (30 ± 6%). Similarly, esterification of phenolic acids significantly improved the hydrophobicity of the films with a water contact angle of 94 ± 3° when compared to control CNF films (46 ± 5°). Covalent attachment of phenolic acids can improve hydrophobicity while providing additional functionality to CNF important for food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caitlin Howell
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Mehdi Tajvidi
- School of Forest Resources & Advanced Structures and Composite Center, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Denise Skonberg
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine Orono, Maine 04469, USA.
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10
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Moradian M, Alam MN, van de Ven TGM. Influence of Carboxyl Charge Density on Properties of Extruded Cellulose Films. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhadi Moradian
- Department of Chemistry, Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials, Pulp & Paper Research Centre, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Md Nur Alam
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, 1294 Balmoral Street, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B5Z5, Canada
| | - Theo G. M. van de Ven
- Department of Chemistry, Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials, Pulp & Paper Research Centre, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
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Gustavsson LH, Adolfsson KH, Hakkarainen M. Thermoplastic "All-Cellulose" Composites with Covalently Attached Carbonized Cellulose. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1752-1761. [PMID: 32049502 PMCID: PMC7307885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Thermoplastic "all-cellulose" composites were synthesized by covalent functionalization of cellulose acetate (CA) with oxidized carbonized cellulose (OCC). The OCC were manufactured via microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of cellulose followed by oxidation and dialysis. The OCC were of micrometer-size, had plane morphology and contained a variety of oxygen functionalities, enabling transformation into acyl chlorinated OCC under moderate reaction conditions. The synthesis of OCC-modified CA composites and neat CA were performed in the recyclable ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. The degree of acetylation and amount of OCC were varied to establish their influence on thermal and physical properties of the composites. The OCC-modified CA composites displayed a notably enhanced film-forming ability, which led to improved optical and mechanical properties compared to neat CA. In addition, it was shown that OCC-modified CA composites can be synthesized from waste products, such as paper tissues. The OCC-modification was demonstrated to be a promising route to transparent and strong thermoplastic "all-cellulose" composites with moderate flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta H Gustavsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin H Adolfsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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