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Li Y, Ma H, Wang J. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the gut-testis axis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116539. [PMID: 38870734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of organic compounds which are comprised of two or more fused benzene rings. As a typical environmental pollutant, PAHs are widely distributed in water, soil, atmosphere and food. Despite extensive researches on the mechanisms of health damage caused by PAHs, especially their carcinogenic and mutagenic toxicity, there is still a lack of comprehensive summarization and synthesis regarding the mechanisms of PAHs on the gut-testis axis, which represents an intricate interplay between the gastrointestinal and reproductive systems. Thus, this review primarily focuses on the potential forms of interaction between PAHs and the gut microbiota and summarizes their adverse outcomes that may lead to gut microbiota dysbiosis, then compiles the possible mechanistic pathways on dysbiosis of the gut microbiota impairing the male reproductive function, in order to provide valuable insights for future research and guide further exploration into the intricate mechanisms underlying the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by PAHs on male reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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2
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Gaither KA, Garcia WL, Tyrrell KJ, Wright AT, Smith JN. Activity-Based Protein Profiling to Probe Relationships between Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Early-Age Metabolism of Two Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Phenanthrene and Retene. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:711-722. [PMID: 38602333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
A growing body of literature has linked early-life exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) with adverse neurodevelopmental effects. Once in the body, metabolism serves as a powerful mediator of PAH toxicity by bioactivating and detoxifying PAH metabolites. Since enzyme expression and activity vary considerably throughout human development, we evaluated infant metabolism of PAHs as a potential contributing factor to PAH susceptibility. We measured and compared rates of phenanthrene and retene (two primary PAH constituents of woodsmoke) metabolism in human hepatic microsomes from individuals ≤21 months of age to a pooled sample (n = 200) consisting primarily of adults. We used activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) to characterize cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) in the same hepatic microsome samples. Once incubated in microsomes, phenanthrene demonstrated rapid depletion. Best-fit models for phenanthrene metabolism demonstrated either 1 or 2 phases, depending on the sample, indicating that multiple enzymes could metabolize phenanthrene. We observed no statistically significant differences in phenanthrene metabolism as a function of age, although samples from the youngest individuals had the slowest phenanthrene metabolism rates. We observed slower rates of retene metabolism compared with phenanthrene also in multiple phases. Rates of retene metabolism increased in an age-dependent manner until adult (pooled) metabolism rates were achieved at ∼12 months. ABPP identified 28 unique CYPs among all samples, and we observed lower amounts of active CYPs in individuals ≤21 months of age compared to the pooled sample. Phenanthrene metabolism correlated to CYPs 1A1, 1A2, 2C8, 4A22, 3A4, and 3A43 and retene metabolism correlated to CYPs 1A1, 1A2, and 2C8 measured by ABPP and vendor-supplied substrate marker activities. These results will aid efforts to determine human health risk and susceptibility to PAHs exposure during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari A Gaither
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Whitney L Garcia
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Kimberly J Tyrrell
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aaron T Wright
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Jordan N Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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3
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Chen B, Zeng G, Sun L, Jiang C. When smoke meets gut: deciphering the interactions between tobacco smoking and gut microbiota in disease development. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:854-864. [PMID: 38265598 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a prevalent and detrimental habit practiced worldwide, increasing the risk of various diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, liver disease, and cancer. Although previous research has explored the detrimental health effects of tobacco smoking, recent studies suggest that gut microbiota dysbiosis may play a critical role in these outcomes. Numerous tobacco smoke components, such as nicotine, are found in the gastrointestinal tract and interact with gut microbiota, leading to lasting impacts on host health and diseases. This review delves into the ways tobacco smoking and its various constituents influence gut microbiota composition and functionality. We also summarize recent advancements in understanding how tobacco smoking-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis affects host health. Furthermore, this review introduces a novel perspective on how changes in gut microbiota following smoking cessation may contribute to withdrawal syndrome and the degree of health improvements in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guangyi Zeng
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health and Fertility Promotion, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health and Fertility Promotion, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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4
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Reichart NJ, Steiger AK, Van Fossen EM, McClure R, Overkleeft HS, Wright AT. Selection and enrichment of microbial species with an increased lignocellulolytic phenotype from a native soil microbiome by activity-based probing. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:106. [PMID: 37777628 PMCID: PMC10542759 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Multi-omic analyses can provide information on the potential for activity within a microbial community but often lack specificity to link functions to cell, primarily offer potential for function or rely on annotated databases. Functional assays are necessary for understanding in situ microbial activity to better describe and improve microbiome biology. Targeting enzyme activity through activity-based protein profiling enhances the accuracy of functional studies. Here, we introduce a pipeline of coupling activity-based probing with fluorescence-activated cell sorting, culturing, and downstream activity assays to isolate and examine viable populations of cells expressing a function of interest. We applied our approach to a soil microbiome using two activity-based probes to enrich for communities with elevated activity for lignocellulose-degradation phenotypes as determined by four fluorogenic kinetic assays. Our approach efficiently separated and identified microbial members with heightened activity for glycosyl hydrolases, and by expanding this workflow to various probes for other function, this process can be applied to unique phenotype targets of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Reichart
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Andrea K Steiger
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Elise M Van Fossen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ryan McClure
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Aaron T Wright
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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Jaroszewski J, Mamun N, Czaja K. Bidirectional Interaction between Tetracyclines and Gut Microbiome. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1438. [PMID: 37760733 PMCID: PMC10525114 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalating misuse of antibiotics, particularly broad-spectrum antibiotics, has emerged as a pivotal driver of drug resistance. Among these agents, tetracyclines are widely prescribed for bacterial infections, but their indiscriminate use can profoundly alter the gut microbiome, potentially compromising both their effectiveness and safety. This review delves into the intricate and dynamic interplay between tetracyclines and the gut microbiome, shedding light on their reciprocal influence. By exploring the effects of tetracyclines on the gut microbiome and the impact of gut microbiota on tetracycline therapy, we seek to gain deeper insights into this complex relationship, ultimately guiding strategies for preserving antibiotic efficacy and mitigating resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Jaroszewski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Niles Mamun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Krzysztof Czaja
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
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Jenkins DJ, Woolston BM, Hood-Pishchany MI, Pelayo P, Konopaski AN, Quinn Peters M, France MT, Ravel J, Mitchell CM, Rakoff-Nahoum S, Whidbey C, Balskus EP. Bacterial amylases enable glycogen degradation by the vaginal microbiome. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1641-1652. [PMID: 37563289 PMCID: PMC10465358 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The human vaginal microbiota is frequently dominated by lactobacilli and transition to a more diverse community of anaerobic microbes is associated with health risks. Glycogen released by lysed epithelial cells is believed to be an important nutrient source in the vagina. However, the mechanism by which vaginal bacteria metabolize glycogen is unclear, with evidence implicating both bacterial and human enzymes. Here we biochemically characterize six glycogen-degrading enzymes (GDEs), all of which are pullanases (PulA homologues), from vaginal bacteria that support the growth of amylase-deficient Lactobacillus crispatus on glycogen. We reveal variations in their pH tolerance, substrate preferences, breakdown products and susceptibility to inhibition. Analysis of vaginal microbiome datasets shows that these enzymes are expressed in all community state types. Finally, we confirm the presence and activity of bacterial and human GDEs in cervicovaginal fluid. This work establishes that bacterial GDEs can participate in the breakdown of glycogen, providing insight into metabolism that may shape the vaginal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominick J Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Woolston
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Indriati Hood-Pishchany
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paula Pelayo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - M Quinn Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Seattle University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael T France
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caroline M Mitchell
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth Rakoff-Nahoum
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Emily P Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Shen Y, Jiang B, Zhang C, Wu Q, Li L, Jiang P. Combined Inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad Pathway by Prevotella copri and Lactobacillus murinus to Reduce Inflammation and Fibrosis in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11010. [PMID: 37446187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the bile ducts. Cholestasis may lead to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, and amelioration of cholestasis may allow recovery from inflammatory and fibrotic pathological damage. Prevotella copri (P. copri) interventions have been reported to significantly improve cholestasis and liver fibrosis in 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)-induced PSC mouse models. Even though P. copri treatment alone cannot bring about recovery from DDC-induced inflammation, it increases the abundance of Lactobacillus murinus (L. murinus) compared with DDC treatment, which has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. The abundance of L. murinus still not recovering to a normal level may underlie hepatic inflammation in P. copri + DDC mice. Separate or combined interventions of P. copri and L. murinus were used to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the improvement in PSC inflammation and fibrosis. P. copri and L. murinus significantly reduced the hepatic inflammatory cell aggregation and inflammatory factor expression as well as the hepatic collagen content and fibrin factor expression in the PSC mice. Further analysis of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation levels revealed that treating the PSC mice with the P. copri and L. murinus combined intervention inhibited the activity of the DDC-activated TGF-β1/Smad pathway, thereby reducing liver inflammation and fibrosis. The combination of P. copri and L. murinus inhibits the TGF-β1/Smad pathway and reduces inflammation and fibrosis in PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Baorong Jiang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lei Li
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
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Abstract
Environmental agents of exposure can damage proteins, affecting protein function and cellular protein homeostasis. Specific residues are inherently chemically susceptible to damage from individual types of exposure. Amino acid content is not completely predictive of protein susceptibility, as secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins strongly influence the reactivity of the proteome to individual exposures. Because we cannot readily predict which proteins will be affected by which chemical exposures, mass spectrometry-based proteomic strategies are necessary to determine the protein targets of environmental toxins and toxicants. This review describes the mechanisms by which environmental exposure to toxins and toxicants can damage proteins and affect their function, and emerging omic methodologies that can be used to identify the protein targets of a given agent. These methods include target identification strategies that have recently revolutionized the drug discovery field, such as activity-based protein profiling, protein footprinting, and protein stability profiling technologies. In particular, we highlight the necessity of multiple, complementary approaches to fully interrogate how protein integrity is challenged by individual exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Genereux
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Wright AT, Hudson LA, Garcia WL. Activity‐Based Protein Profiling – Enabling Phenotyping of Host‐Associated and Environmental Microbiomes. Isr J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T. Wright
- Department of Biology Baylor University Waco Texas 76798 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Baylor University Waco Texas 76798 USA
| | - LaRae A. Hudson
- Department of Biology Baylor University Waco Texas 76798 USA
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