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Replacing the tropolonic methoxyl group of colchicine with methylamino increases tubulin binding affinity with improved therapeutic index and overcomes paclitaxel cross-resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 68:100951. [PMID: 36841134 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Microtubule inhibitors are widely used in first line cancer therapy, though drug resistance often develops and causes treatment failure. Colchicine binds to tubulins and inhibits tumor growth, but is not approved for cancer therapy due to systemic toxicity. In this study, we aim to improve the therapeutic index of colchicine through structural modification. METHODS The methoxyl group of the tropolonic ring in colchicine was replaced with amino groups. The cross-resistance of the derivatives with paclitaxel and vincristine was tested. Antitumor effects of target compounds were tested in vivo in A549 and paclitaxel-resistant A549/T xenografts. The interaction of target compounds with tubulins was measured using biological and chemical methods. RESULTS Methylamino replacement of the tropolonic methoxyl group of colchicine increases, while demethylation loses, selective tubulin binding affinity, G2/M arrest and antiproliferation activity. Methylaminocolchicine is more potent than paclitaxel and vincristine to inhibit tumor growth in vitro and in vivo without showing cross-resistance to paclitaxel. Methylaminocolchicine binds to tubulins in unique patterns and inhibits P-gp with a stable pharmacokinetic profile. CONCLUSION Methylanimo replacement of the tropolonic methoxyl group of colchicine increases antitumor activity with improved therapeutic index. Methylaminocolchicine represents a new type of mitotic inhibitor with the ability of overcoming paclitaxel and vincristine resistance.
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Gong S, Hu X, Chen S, Sun B, Wu JL, Li N. Dual roles of drug or its metabolite-protein conjugate: Cutting-edge strategy of drug discovery using shotgun proteomics. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1704-1734. [PMID: 35638460 DOI: 10.1002/med.21889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many drugs can bind directly to proteins or be bioactivated by metabolizing enzymes to form reactive metabolites (RMs) that rapidly bind to proteins to form drug-protein conjugates or metabolite-protein conjugates (DMPCs). The close relationship between DMPCs and idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (IADRs) has been recognized; drug discovery teams tend to avoid covalent interactions in drug discovery projects. Covalent interactions in DMPCs can provide high potency and long action duration and conquer the intractable targets, inspiring drug design, and development. This forms the dual role feature of DMPCs. Understanding the functional implications of DMPCs in IADR control and therapeutic applications requires precise identification of these conjugates from complex biological samples. While classical biochemical methods have contributed significantly to DMPC detection in the past decades, the low abundance and low coverage of DMPCs have become a bottleneck in this field. An emerging transformation toward shotgun proteomics is on the rise. The evolving shotgun proteomics techniques offer improved reproducibility, throughput, specificity, operability, and standardization. Here, we review recent progress in the systematic discovery of DMPCs using shotgun proteomics. Furthermore, the applications of shotgun proteomics supporting drug development, toxicity mechanism investigation, and drug repurposing processes are also reviewed and prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Xiaolan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Shengshuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Baoqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Respiratory Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
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A New Insight into Toxicity of Colchicine Analogues by Molecular Docking Analysis Based on Intestinal Tight Junction Protein ZO-1. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061797. [PMID: 35335160 PMCID: PMC8955668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Colchicine (COL) is a well-known plant alkaloid long used for medical purposes due to the selective anti-inflammatory effect on acute gouty arthritis. It is also a kind of mitosis toxin with strong inhibitory effects of cell division and is therefore being applied to the treatment of various cancers. However, this product shows a variety of adverse effects that are significantly correlated with the dosage and have attracted much attention. For the first time, the present work obtained a new insight into the gastrointestinal toxicity of colchicine analogues by molecular docking analysis, which was based on the 3D structure of intestinal tight junction protein ZO-1 and the ligand library containing dozens of small-molecule compounds with the basic skeleton of COL and its metabolites. The binding energy and mode of protein–ligand interaction were investigated to better understand the structure–toxicity relationships of COL analogues and the mechanism of action as well. Cluster analysis clearly demonstrated the strong correlation between the binding energy and toxicity of ligand molecules. The interaction mode further revealed that the hydrogen bonding (via the C-7 amide or C-9 carbonyl group) and hydrophobic effect (at ring A or C) were both responsible for ZO-1-related gastrointestinal toxicity of COL analogues, while metabolic transformation via phase I and/or phase II reaction would significantly attenuate the gastrointestinal toxicity of colchicine, indicating an effective detoxication pathway through metabolism.
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Vollmer AC, Wagmann L, Meyer MR. Toxic plants-Detection of colchicine in a fast systematic clinical toxicology screening using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2021; 14:377-381. [PMID: 34490751 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Colchicum autumnale, which can be mistaken for Allium ursinum, contains the alkaloid colchicine potentially leading to life-threatening up to fatal intoxications. We report two cases of acute intoxications with unexplained circumstances. Using the authors' systematic screening approaches, colchicine could be detected in blood plasma and urine samples using liquid chromatography coupled to linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-ITMSn ) and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). Metabolites of colchicine could be identified in urine for confirmation of screening results. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was also conducted, but colchicine could not be detected. Furthermore, colchicine concentration was estimated via LC-HRMS/MS in plasma samples. Results of the systematic screening indicated the ingestion of colchicine from both subjects. In both cases, the parent compound was detected in blood plasma and urine using the LC-HRMS/MS and LC-ITMSn system. An O-demethylation metabolite was identified in urine samples of both subjects using LC-HRMS/MS; the N-deacetylation product was also found in urine samples of both cases via LC-HRMS/MS and LC-ITMSn . The use of LC-ITMSn resulted only in the detection of the O-demethylation product in case 2. Plasma concentrations were estimated at 2.5 ng/ml and 4.7 ng/ml for cases 1 and 2, respectively. We demonstrated the detection of this highly toxic alkaloid in blood plasma and urine using a time-saving and reliable clinical systematic screening. Furthermore, we identified metabolites of colchicine being rarely discussed in literature, which can be used as additional screening targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline C Vollmer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lea Wagmann
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus R Meyer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Zhang T, Rao J, Li W, Wang K, Qiu F. Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P450 enzymes by natural products based on metabolic activation. Drug Metab Rev 2020; 52:501-530. [PMID: 33043714 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1828910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450 enzymes) are the most common and important phase I metabolic enzymes and are responsible for the majority of the metabolism of clinical drugs and other xenobiotics. Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) can occur when the activities of P450 enzymes are inhibited. In particular, irreversible inhibition of P450 enzymes may lead to severe adverse interactions, compared to reversible inhibition. Many natural products have been shown to be irreversible inhibitors of P450 enzymes. The risks for intake of naturally occurring irreversible P450 enzyme inhibitors have been rising due to the rapid growth of the global consumption of natural products. Irreversible inhibition is usually called mechanism-based inactivation, which is time-, concentration- and NADPH- dependent. Generally, the formation of electrophilic intermediates is fundamental for the inactivation of P450 enzymes. This review comprehensively classifies natural P450 enzyme inactivators, including terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and quinones obtained from herbs or foods. Moreover, the structure - activity correlations according to the IC50 (or Ki) values reported in the literature as well as the underlying mechanisms based on metabolic activation are highlighted in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jinqiu Rao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Oh YJ, Moon KW. Combined Use of Febuxostat and Colchicine Does Not Increase Acute Hepatotoxicity in Patients with Gout: A Retrospective Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051488. [PMID: 32429082 PMCID: PMC7290683 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colchicine has been effectively used to prevent acute flares in patients with gout, but drug-related adverse events have frequently occurred. We investigated whether colchicine therapy with febuxostat is associated with hepatotoxicity in gout patients. Gout patients treated with (n = 121) or without (n = 57) colchicine were enrolled upon initiating febuxostat as a urate-lowering treatment, and clinical and laboratory data at diagnosis were compared. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors related to hepatotoxicity. Median age of the with-colchicine and without-colchicine groups was 51.0 (37.0–62.0) and 56.0 (43.5–68.5) years, respectively. During the three months of febuxostat prescription, the prevalence of hepatotoxicity was 13/121 (10.9%) in the with-colchicine group and 4/57 (7.0%) in the without-colchicine group, without statistical significance. The rate of colchicine use was not different between the study subjects with or without hepatotoxicity (76.5% vs. 67.1%, p = 0.587). Pre-existing liver disease was significantly associated with increased risk of hepatotoxicity after febuxostat treatment (odds ratio, 4.083; 95% confidence interval, 1.326–12.577; p = 0.014). Colchicine may be safely used as a prophylactic agent for gout patients with febuxostat. However, upon initiating febuxostat, it is recommended to monitor the development of acute liver injury in gout patients with underlying liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ki Won Moon
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-258-9470; Fax: +82-33-258-2455
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Guo X, Chen Y, Li Q, Yang X, Zhao G, Peng Y, Zheng J. Studies on hepatotoxicity and toxicokinetics of colchicine. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22366. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiucai Guo
- Wuya College of InnovationShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Yan Chen
- Wuya College of InnovationShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Qingmei Li
- Wuya College of InnovationShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Wuya College of InnovationShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Guode Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical EngineeringShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of InnovationShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Wuya College of InnovationShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical University Guiyang Guizhou China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Medical University Guiyang Guizhou China
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Chen Y, Yu J, Wang X, Li H, Mao X, Peng Y, Zheng J. Characterization of glutathione conjugates derived from reactive metabolites of seven silymarin isomers. Xenobiotica 2019; 49:1269-1278. [PMID: 30489204 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1549340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
1. Silymarin refers to a class of flavonoid lignans occurring in the fruits and seeds of the Silybum manalttlm (L). Gaertn, and is widely used in dietary supplements. 2. The main active ingredients of silymarin are silychristins A and B, silydianin, silybins A and B, and isosilybins A and B. However, the metabolism of silymarin has never been investigated. The major objectives of the present study were to investigate the metabolic pathways of silymarin isomers and to identify reactive metabolites. 3. Fourteen glutathione (GSH) conjugates were detected in rat/human liver microsomes incubations containing NADPH, GSH and seven individual isomers. Seven GSH conjugates (M1-M7) resulted from demethylated silymarin. M8-M14 originated from hydroxylated silymarin. Moreover, we found that GSH was probably conjugated on either ring A or ring E of silymarin based on the mass spectrometric fragments. In addition, recombinant enzyme incubation experiments demonstrated that CYP3A4 was the predominant P450 responsible for the metabolism of silymarin. 4. Several P450 enzymes were reportedly inactivated by some of bioactive constituents of silymarin to some extent. Our findings facilitate the understanding of mechanisms of the reported inactivation of P450 enzymes induced by silymarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- c Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , P. R. China
| | - Jing Yu
- c Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- c Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- c Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , P. R. China
| | - Xu Mao
- c Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , P. R. China
| | - Ying Peng
- c Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- a State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang , Guizhou , P. R. China.,b Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang , Guizhou , P. R. China.,c Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , P. R. China
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Zhang YY, Zhang CX, Li Y, Jiang X, Wang YF, Sun Y, Wang J, Ji WY, Liu Y. Development of a novel rat model of heterogeneous hepatic injury by injection with colchicine via the splenic vein. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:5005-5012. [PMID: 30510375 PMCID: PMC6262251 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i44.5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop a novel rat model of heterogeneous hepatic injury.
METHODS Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (n = 10) and a colchicine group (n = 60). A 0.25% colchicine solution (0.4 mL/kg) was injected via the splenic vein in the colchicine group to develop a rat model of heterogeneous hepatic injury. An equal volume of normal saline was injected via the splenic vein in the control group. At days 3, 7, and 14 and weeks 4, 8, and 12 after the operation, at least seven rats of the colchicine group were selected randomly for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, and then they were euthanized. Ten rats of the control group underwent MRI examinations at the same time points, and then were euthanized at week 12. T2-weighted images (T2WI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) were used to evaluate the heterogeneous hepatic injury. The heterogeneous injury between the left and right hepatic lobes was assessed on liver sections according to the histological scoring criteria, and correlated with the results of MRI study.
RESULTS Obvious pathological changes occurred in the hepatic parenchyma in the colchicine group. Hepatic injury scores were significantly different between the left and right lobes at each time point (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of DWI and liver-to-muscle ratio (LMR) of T2WI between the left and right lobes of rats in the colchicine group (P < 0.05) at each time point, and similar results were observed between the colchicine and control groups. Besides, there was a significant correlation between hepatic injury scores and ADC values or LMR (r = -0.682, P = 0.000; r = -0.245, P = 0.018).
CONCLUSION Injection with colchicine via the splenic vein can be used to successfully develop a rat model of heterogeneous hepatic injury. DWI and T2WI may help evaluate the heterogeneous injury among liver lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Zhang
- Medical Imaging Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Traditional Chinese Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chao-Xu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yong-Fang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wan-Ying Ji
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang R, Liu C, Wei Y, Sun J, He Z, Xu Y, Zhang T. Improving the oral bioavailability of tapentadol via a carbamate prodrug approach: synthesis, bioactivation, and pharmacokinetics. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1335-1344. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bai H, Wang C, Chen J, Li Z, Fu K, Cao Q. Graphene@AuNPs modified molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the determination of colchicine in pharmaceuticals and serum. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chronic hepatitis following short-term colchicine use in a child. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/01.elx.0000514232.66608.f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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